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GREKOVA, I. E., and Y. I. HERMAN. "MEAT TRAITS OF SHEEP GENOTYPES BRED IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Zootechnical science of Belarus 57, no. 1 (September 25, 2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9732-2022-57-1-86-94.
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The article presents data on meat productivity and meat quality of sheep of P×P and (R×P)×P genotypes. Scientific research was carried out in Combine “Vostok” JSC of Gomel district, in the laboratory for feed production technology and biochemical
analysis and the laboratory for horse, fur and small animal breeding of the RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding”. It was found that control slaughter parameters in purebred animals were better than in crossbred animals, since the Precoce is a specialized meat breed and the Romanovskaya is a wool breed. The difference in the indices of physicochemical properties of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the studied genotypes is insignificant and unreliable. However, in terms of mass fraction of fat, color intensity and waterholding capacity, the crossbred young animals were ahead of the purebred ones by 1.33%, 6.67 extinction units and 12.12%, respectively. The results of nutritional value and organoleptic evaluation of mutton have shown that meat and broth obtained from crossbred animals have 0.1 points better nutritional quality compared to purebred counterparts.
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Hassooni, Hadi Awad, and Hamood Hatif Zamit. "The Interaction Between GDF9 Gene Polymorphism and Age Groups on the in Vitro Maturation of Awassi Sheep Oocytes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 7 (December 1, 2023): 072024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072024.
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Abstract The study was conducted in the graduate laboratory of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 20/11/2022 to 22/3/2023, it included the collection of ovaries from the female reproductive organs of sheep slaughtered in the Samawa massacre, transferring them immediately after slaughter to the laboratory for the purpose of extracting Oocytes from the ovaries, subject to laboratory maturing using culture media for mature, Molecular investigations were completed at the Marshes Research Laboratory of Thi Qar University, for the purpose of isolation and purification of DNA, with the aim of finding genetic formations and the relationship between genotypes, morphological characteristics, and the ability to mature in the Awassi sheep Oocytes. Oocytes of Awassi sheep were collected by Oocyte aspiration method, then they were classified and examined for their vitality. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between animals carrying the three genotypes resulting from this mutation at position 205 of the studied segment of the GDF9 gene with damaged, immature and mature Oocytes, with no significant effect between the age groups of animals carrying the three genotypes resulting from this mutation at position 205 of the studied segment of the GDF9 gene with damaged, immature and mature Oocytes.
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Schweinzer, V., M. Iwersen, M. Drillich, T. Wittek, A. Tichy, A. Mueller, and R. Krametter-Froetscher. "Macromineral and trace element supply in sheep and goats in Austria." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 2 (February 13, 2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/243/2015-vetmed.
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The aim of this study was to determine the supply of 25 different macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and trace elements (aluminium, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lithium, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silicon, strontium, sulphur, thallium, tin, titanium, uranium, zinc), and to ascertain the presence of any over- or undersupplies. As a second objective, we undertook a comparison of our results with existing reference values from selected literature and from laboratory analyses, with the aim of classifying the obtained results into the following categories: ‘deficiency’, ‘adequate’ and ‘oversupply’. For the study, 16 sheep and four goat farms located in the Austrian states of Upper Austria (n = 12), Carinthia (n = 6) and Vorarlberg (n = 2) were selected. From every farm, five serum blood samples were obtained by puncturing the vena jugularis to evaluate the macromineral and trace element status in clinically sound female sheep (n = 80; 12 different breeds) and female goats (n = 20; Saanen goats, Boer goats). The animals were kept for dairy farming (milking and/or meat production) or for landscaping. The mean age of both sheep and goats was 3.1 years (sheep: min. 0.5, max. 10; goats: min. 1, max. 5); 44% of the studied animals were lactating and 22% were pregnant at the time of sampling. The serum blood samples were sent to a laboratory and analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In summary, the supply with macrominerals and trace elements compared with reference values from the laboratory was adequate for As, Ca, Fe and Mg in sheep and for As, Ca, Cu, K, Mg and Se in goats. Although all animals in our study were examined for clinical signs of disease by the local veterinarian, oversupplies in sheep for the elements K and Mo and in goats for Fe as well as undersupplies in sheep and goats for Zn could be found in the serum of the studied animals.
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Ilkhomovich, Klichov Odil, and Salimov Ilkhom Khaitovich. "INFECTIOUS ENTEROTOXEMIA DISEASE OF SHEEP DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION." European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i6.606.
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The article describes the diagnosis of infectious enterotoxemia of sheep, the epizootic state of the disease, the course and manifestation of clinical symptoms, and the identification of characteristic pathological changes. Isolation of the causative agent and diagnosis based on laboratory studies with bioassay results in susceptible laboratory animals. Information on the prevention of infectious enterotoxemia of sheep is provided
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Sousa, Isadora Karolina Freitas de, Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino, Rejane dos Santos Sousa, Dowglish Ferreira Chaves, Herbert Sousa Soares, Isabella de Oliveira Barros, Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral de Araújo, Raimundo Alves Barrêto Júnior, and Enrico Lippi Ortolani. "Copper Deficiency in Sheep with High Liver Iron Accumulation." Veterinary Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/207950.
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An outbreak of enzootic ataxia among sheep raised in the northeastern region of Brazil is described. Copper (Cu) deficiency was diagnosed in a herd of 56 sheep, among which five presented characteristic clinical symptoms of enzootic ataxia. The symptoms began 30 days after birth, with a clinical condition that included locomotion difficulty, limb ataxia, tremors, and continual falls. Liver biopsies were performed and blood was collected to determine hepatic and plasmatic Cu, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentration, respectively. The laboratory results showed that the animals presented low copper concentrations in the plasma and liver, without difference between the clinically healthy animals and those affected by enzootic ataxia. Even after supplementation with adequate Cu levels had been recommended, it was found on a new visit to the farm four months later that one animal still presented a clinical condition and that the hepatic Cu levels of the herd had not risen. Despite the low copper content of the diet, the high hepatic Fe levels found suggest that antagonism due to this element may have been an important factor in triggering copper deficiency in these animals, and thus, additional copper supplementation may be necessary for these animals.
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Shaikh, Iram. "Prevalence of Ticks and detection of Rickettsial Agents from blood of Tick-Infested animals in Lower Sindh: A MOLECULAR APPROACH." LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2021.3.3-05.
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Ticks are important vectors of human and animal pathogens. They are considered as main vectors for transmission of rickettsial agents affecting animal and human health. The study was designed to investigate district wise pattern and detection of rickettsial agents by using molecular and conventional techniques in blood samples of infected cattles, buffalos, sheeps and goats. A survey study was carried out in lower Sindh (Tharparkar, Badin, Hyderabad, Karachi, Tando Muhammad khan, Thatta and Mirpurkhas). Blood samples were collected randomly from infected Cattles, buffalos, sheeps and goats and transported to the Molecular Parasitology laboratory, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, followed by examinations under stereomicroscope and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The study showed that overall infection of Rickettsial agents among infected animals was recorded follwoing Microscopy/ Blood smear test in cattles, buffalos, sheeps and goats was 41.79, 49.09, 46 and 41.66% respectively, whereas overall infection through PCR in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat was 39.55, 43.55, 46 and 55.55% respectively. Whereas animal-wise data through PCR indicates that in case of Goats (55.55%) were more susceptible to rickettsial infection as compared to sheep (46%), buffaloes (43.55%) and cattle (39.55%). The highest rate of rickettsial agents was found in district Tharparkar and lowest rate was found in district Karachi. Microscopy/Blood smear method indicates that Buffaloes were more susceptible for infection. Whereas PCR indicates Goats were more susceptible for infection.
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KUDO, Noboru, Tooru KONEGUCHI, Hiromi IKADAI, and Takashi OYAMADA. "Experimental Infection of Laboratory Animals and Sheep with Gongylonema pulchrum in Japan." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 65, no. 8 (2003): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.921.
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Dolan, Brian P., Brianna R. Beechler, Brian S. Dugovich, Clinton W. Epps, and Anna E. Jolles. "Rapid characterization of MHC class I diversity in desert bighorn sheep reveals population-specific allele expression." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 92.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.92.12.
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Abstract Diversity of MHC class I alleles within animal populations is necessary to prevent pathogen escape from adaptive immune responses. However, demonstrating this phenomenon is difficult especially in wild animal species where the effect of pathogen escape is more profound than in laboratory animal models. Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) are a charismatic megafauna native to the southwest of North America which are threatened by a number of infectious diseases and, more recently, paranasal tumors. We sought to develop a relatively inexpensive and rapid way to identify the diversity of MHC class I genes and alleles within individual bighorn sheep. Both DNA and RNA were isolated from leukocytes collected from 154 adult bighorn sheep from across different mountain ranges in Southern California. Previously identified primers from domestic sheep were used to amplify exons 2 and 3 from OMHC I genes while appending adapters for PacBio circular consensus sequencing. PCR amplicons from individual animals were then subjected to a second round of PCR to append index sequences to allow assigning of individual sequences to unique animals. We successfully identified over 40 unique MHC class I sequences expressed by bighorn sheep. Between 2 and 5 loci were amplified in each individual animal. Analysis of gDNA revealed several pseudogenes and other DNA sequences which were not transcribed. Finally, we demonstrate that particular DNA sequences are found within particular populations, suggesting that as bighorn populations fragment, there is a loss of MHC class I diversity.
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Luo, Q. J., and J. C. MacRae. "Nutritional and hormonal regulation of hepatic IGF-1 production in sheep and rats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600025149.
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Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are closely related to the nutrition of animals and their rates of growth. The major site of IGF-1 production is thought to be the liver. Whilst growth hormone (GH) is thought to be the main regulator of IGF-1 production in farm animals, in laboratory rats, altering the GH status of the animal (without hyperphysectomy) has little influence on circulating IGF-1 levels. A series of studies have been conducted with primary cultured rat and sheep hepatocytes to investigate the influence of GH and nutrient availability on the production of IGF-1 by liver cells.
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HISZCZYŃSKA-SAWICKA, ELŻBIETA, JUSTYNA M. GATKOWSKA, MARCIN M. GRZYBOWSKI, and HENRYKA DŁUGOŃSKA. "Veterinary vaccines against toxoplasmosis." Parasitology 141, no. 11 (May 7, 2014): 1365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000481.
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SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of mammal and bird species. Common infection leads to high economic (e.g. abortions in sheep) and human (e.g. congenital toxoplasmosis or neurotoxoplasmosis in humans) losses. With one exception (Toxovax™ for sheep), there are no vaccines to prevent human or animal toxoplasmosis. The paper presents the current state and challenges in the development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis, designed for farm animals either bred for consumption or commonly kept on farms and involved in parasite transmission. So far, the trials have mostly revolved around conventional vaccines and, compared with the research using laboratory animals (mainly mice), they have not been very numerous. However, the results obtained are promising and could be a good starting point for developing an effective vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis.
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Jalilzadeh-Amin, G., Y. Nozohour, M. Maham, and F. Malekifard. "First report of surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection) in Iranian sheep." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 25, no. 4 (2022): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0117.
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Clinical trypanosomiasis in sheep is described for the first time in Iran after history taking, complete physical examination and blood samples collected for laboratory investigations. The client emphasised on animal weight loss dating back to one week ago. The clinical examination revealed enlargements of the pre-scapular and pre-femoral lymph nodes and pale mucous membranes. Laboratory investigation showed that the sheep had anaemia with hyperproteinaemia. Thin blood smear examination revealed the presence of Trypanosoma. Treatment included diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg, IM) for three consecutive days, flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IM), and oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg, IM). The examination of the blood film after treatment showed no parasite. Trypanosomiasis may occur in our climatic condition in sheep. In two cases studied here, two consecutive doses of diminazene aceturate administration led to clinical cure. The control of trypanosomiasis in farms may be possible through methods for the control of vectors, such as prophylactic treatment and observing of hygiene in husbandry systems for animals at risk
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Johnson, KG. "Shading behaviour of sheep: preliminary studies of its relation to thermoregulation, feed and water intakes, and metabolic rates." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870587.
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Two flocks of Merino ewes, containing 46 and 49 animals respectively, were observed for 6 days during summer while they grazed on irrigated pasture that was partly shaded.Approximately 20% of the animals stayed longer in the sun than the animals that used shade most. From the second flock, five animals of the shading (SH) group were compared in laboratory trials with five non-shading (non-SH) animals. During heat exposure to air temperatures rising from 20 to 50�C over 3 h, non-SH sheep had significantly higher rectal temperatures and lower respiratory rates, suggesting that they were more thermolabile. SH sheep did not respond differently to non-SH sheep to being fed at 50�C instead of 20�C, although SH sheep ate significantly more food (24%) and drank significantly more water (33%) at both temperatures. In a further trial of individual feed and water intakes at 20�C, differences in consumption were again recorded, but were not statistically significant. No significant difference in oxygen consumption between SH and non-SH animals was measured at 20�C.The correlation between shading preferences and thermoregulation in these two flocks indicates that individual sheep may differ in their patterns of thermal adaptation when shading is optional. A possible relation between shading preference and food and water requirements suggests that shading patterns of sheep may also be associated with differences in nutritional adaptation.
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Prykhodko, Y., V. Byrka, O. Mazannyy, and A. Antipov. "Efficacy of «Ivermecvet 1 %» for zooparasitocenoses of sheep." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2 (144) (December 24, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2018-144-2-37-43.
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Livestock breeding has been one of the main branches of animal husbandry in Ukraine including Slobozhanshchina (east of Ukraine). Breeding of small horned animals is the most important component of cattle breeding as the above category of ruminant animals is less whimsical to feeding and maintenance conditions. The worsening of the above conditions leads to the decrease in the animal productivity, their body resistance and the state of their immune system and it leads to re-infestation of the animals by helminths, eimeria and other zooparasites that periodically occurred on the objects of our research. Economical loss from some zooparasites and their associations in the above category of farm animals is connected with the improper feeding, decrease in the young animal preservation, retardation of their growth and development as well as with the disturbances of the reproductive function in the animals of the older age, the decrease in the quality and quantity of products and the increase in the forage cost. The publications made by the staff of the parasitology department of Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy and the results of the last coproscopic investigation of the animals that was carried out in autumn 2017 proved that the farm of small horned animals in the Training and Practical Complex of plant and animal husbandry in Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy (TPC KhSZVA) had been periodically unfavorable and there were outbreaks of invasive diseases connected with the regular breaking of the animal management, improper keeping and feeding conditions, breaking of veterinary and sanitary requirements. The research was planned and conducted in connection with the detection of zooparasite associations of different combinations in the sheep and with the appearance of veterinary preparations in the market macrolidic drug – «Ivermecvet 1 %». The aim of the investigation was to analyze the epizootic situation on the above farm in TPC KhSZVA, to practice coproscopic diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep and to develop more effective anthelminthic drug to control the above association of zooparasites and to work out more effective health measures for the above unfavorable farm and with the help of the publication we would like to share our experience to the owners of other unfavorable farms in the eastern part of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Fifty five unfavorable sheep of Precos breed from the collection herd of TPC KhSZVA were taken for the investigation. The standardized methods of coproscopy – flotation by Fulleborn and sedimentation were used for the laboratory diagnosis. By the results of the study it has been found out that the sheep in TPC KhSZVA at the beginning of the stall period of maintenance were unfavorable as for trichurosis (EI=59,3 %), strongylatosis of the digestive tract (79,6 %) and eimeriosis (57,4 %). The main pathogenic factor was trichurosis invasion that coursed simultaneously of rumen- and- intestinal strongilatosis and eimeriosis invasion. The above invasions were caused by of two species – Trichuris skrjabini and Trichuris ovis, the latter ones prevailed (1:9). Three kind of protozoa were detected in the composition of eimeriosis association – Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria faurei. Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae prevailed among them. 79,6 % of sheep were invaded by strongylates – parasites of the digestive tract, nematodiruses prevailed (69,8 %). The representatives of the family Strogylidae (esophagostomes) and numerous representatives of the family Trichostrongylidae prevailed in the composition of the detected strongylates. As the rate of the invasion by strongylates was comparatively low and in the form of parasite-bearing (65,1 %) we think that their role in the pathogenesis of zooparasitocenosis was a secondary one. Three and four-componet associations prevailed in the given zooparasitocenosis. It has been determined that classical flotation method by Fulleborn for the laboratory diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep is of no value but sedimentation method allowed us to diagnose the disease and to monitor the course of the invasive process as well as to determine the curative efficiency of the anthelminthic drugs used by us. «Ivermecvet 1 %» when injected subcutaneously at the dose of 0,5 ml per 25 kg of weight to the sheep having trichurosis and strongylatosis of the digestive tract was of 100 % efficiency and the above drug was recommended to treat animals of the above unfavorable farm. Key words: sheep, trichurosis, strongylatoses of digesative tract, eimeriosis, extensiveness and intensity, «Ivermecvet 1 %», «Levavet 10 %», «Diacox», extenseffectiveness and intenseffectiveness of anthelmintics.
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Carro, M. D., S. López, J. S. González, and F. J. Ovejero. "Comparison of laboratory methods for predicting digestibility of hay in sheep." Small Ruminant Research 14, no. 1 (June 1994): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(94)90003-5.
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Warshawsky, Bryna, Iris Gutmanis, Bonnie Henry, Joanne Dow, Jim Reffle, Graham Pollett, Rafiq Ahmed, et al. "Outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 Related to Animal Contact at a Petting Zoo." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 13, no. 3 (2002): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/873832.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of an outbreak ofEscherichia coli0157:H7 related to animal exposures so that further transmission could be prevented.DESIGN: Description of laboratory investigations and a case control study.SETTING: Agricultural pavilion at an annual fair in Ontario.POPULATION: People with laboratory evidence ofE coli0157:H7 (seven people) and others with diarrhea (155 people) who called the health unit following a media release were interviewed. Animals that were accessed most frequently by the public in the agriculture pavilion were tested forE coli0157:H7. In the case control study, a case was defined as someone with laboratory-confirmedE coli0157:H7, or someone who developed severe or bloody diarrhea two to eight days after attending the agricultural pavilion at the fair (61 people). A convenience sample of people who attended the agricultural pavilion but did not develop diarrhea was selected as the control group (89 people).INTERVENTIONS: Human and animalE coli0157:H7 specimens were subtyped. Cases and controls were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire.RESULTS: Subtyping of the seven human isolates ofE coli0157:H7 revealed five that were of an extremely uncommon phage type. Three samples from goats and one from sheep at the petting zoo in the agricultural pavilion were of this same phage type. The case control study also implicated goats (odds ratio [OR] 3.65; 95% CI 1.63 to 8.52) and sheep (OR 2.94; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.57) from the petting zoo.CONCLUSIONS: Results of this investigation suggest strongly that the goats and sheep from the petting zoo were the source of this outbreak ofE coli0157:H7.
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BISIAS (Α.Γ. ΜΠΙΣΙΑΣ), A. G., C. S. KRITAS (Κ.Σ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ), C. H. BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ), and R. A. BURRIEL. "Laboratory investigation of adult small ruminant Leptospirosis, a neglected infection in Greece: problems and recommendations." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 66, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15866.
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Leptospirosis is in Greece a neglected infection. Small ruminants and specifically sheep are accidental hosts of Leptospira spp, but they could also be disseminators of pathogenic serovars. Thus, the objective was to investigate leptospirosis of adult small ruminants coming from areas in Southern Greece, where accidental evidence had showed that leptospirosis could be an important infection for man and animals. For this purpose, blood and kidney samples were collected at slaughter from adult females. Collected samples were examined with a commercial serological screening kit, the microagglutination test ( MAT), histology and PCR. One hundred ten serum and 110 tissue samples were collected. Of the examined serum samples 55 (50%) were suspect for leptospirosis in the screening kit and 28 (25.45%) were MAT positive. Of the tissue samples 38 (34.5%) were PCR positive and 30 (27.2%) showed various degrees of microscopic kidney lesions. The serovars identified by the MAT were Tarassovi (10 animals), Autumnalis (8 animals), Zanoni (4 animals), Hebdomadis and Javanica (2 each), Bratislava and Hardjio prajitno (one each). The conclusion is that small ruminants and specifically sheep (98 animals) are disseminators of pathogenic Leptospira spp. serovars in areas where they predominate and climatic factors favor the survival of the pathogen.
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МERUERT, Е. B., K. T. KAIRAT, Т. N. ТAIR, and K. T. KAISSAR. "EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN DIFFERENT LABORATORY ANIMAL MODELS (REVIEW ARTICLE)." Vestnik, no. 1(64) (February 17, 2023): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2023.90.52.012.
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The study of the mechanisms of allergic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness underlying bronchial asthma in animal experiments allows a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of these processes in humans. Therefore, experimental animals are widely used to study the physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory tract, as well as research on the search for improved methods of treatment. In connection with this, today the relevance of this kind of work increases again due to the need to find pathogenetically justified methods of treatment of bronchial asthma. In order to work on the development of a new formulation of allergy vaccine for subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy, it is necessary to correctly determine the type of animal to model experimental bronchial asthma. For this purpose, a systematic search of scientific information was carried out about the specifics of modeling experimental bronchial asthma on different types of laboratory animals. To compile this review, a comprehensive search was conducted for publications in electronic databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, eLibrary. A number of experimental models of asthma in animals are described in the literature, which are used to study various aspects of pathogenesis and to test new ways of treating bronchial asthma. At the same time, each model has certain features that limit the scope of its use. Among large animals, rabbits, rhesus macaques, cats, dogs, horses, and sheep have been used to study allergies, since they are predisposed to develop allergic responses to antigens clinically relevant to humans. But most often mice and rats are used in modeling of the bronchial asthma. But every model has their own specific applications. This article describes the features of using different types of laboratory animals in modeling bronchial asthma.
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Yuldashbaev, Yusupzhan A., Yury A. Vatnikov, Pavel A. Rudenko, and Andrey A. Rudenko. "Features of the functional state of the organism of sheep under stress." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 17, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-2-193-202.
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The stresses that arise during routine animal husbandry procedures, such as milking, shearing, weighing, loading and hoof care, are an actual problem in animal husbandry. The components of economic damage under stress are a decrease in overall resistance and productivity, deterioration in product quality, an increase in labor costs and funds per unit of production, an increase in animal morbidity and mortality. The studies were carried out on the basis of Belozernoe farm in the Salsky district, the Rostov region. A complex of clinical and laboratory studies was performed on 18 sheep (10 Romanov and 8 Tsigay breeds) aged 2 to 3 years, before and after a planned routine shearing. Stress in sheep caused by planned shearing was clinically manifested by general depression, in some cases, subfebrile fever, moderate tachypnea and tachycardia. It was shown that stress was accompanied by anemia, the development of erythropenia and leukopenia. Immunocompetent cells in the blood of experimental animals during stress development were analyzed. Severe lymphocytopenia was found to occur after a haircut. In addition, in the blood of experimental animals under stress, a tendency to a decrease in T-total cells was noted, which was accompanied by an increase in 0-cells, which was significant in sheep of the Tsigay breed (p0.05). When analyzing the main immunoregulatory T cells in sheep under stress, a significant increase in T-suppressors was revealed with a relatively stable level of T-helpers in the blood studied. Thus, a significant (p0.05) increase in the level of T-suppressors in sheep of Romanov and Tsigay breeds was recorded; it was by 1.15 and 1.19 times higher compared with the initial data. It should be noted that we did not find any significant differences between animals of Romanov and Tsigay breeds in stress development after shearing. The obtained data should be taken into account in the further search for methods of stress correction in sheep.
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Lihonenko, О. V., О. V. Storozhenko, А. B. Zubakha, І. А. Shumeiko, and І. О. Chorna. "Complex treatment of experimental purulent wound of soft tissues." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 87, no. 7-8 (September 30, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2020.7-8.58.
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Objective. To study the impact of estrogens and liposomes on course of healing process in purulent wounds of soft tissues in experiment.
Маterials and methods. Еxperimental investigation was done on 21 sheep. In the laboratory animals purulent-inflammatory process was simulated. Тhe laboratory animals were distributed into two groups: a control - 6 sheep and investigated - 15. All the animals obtained conventional therapy. In laboratory animals of the investigated group estrogens and liposomes were added to complex of the conventional treatment measures. The healing process course was controlled, using cytological, biochemical, planimetric and mathematic-statistical methods of investigation.
Results. Application of combined estrogen-liposomal therapy in complex treatment of experimental purulent wound of soft tissues have enhanced the levels of оxyprolene, ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids in the wound area, raised a value of estradiol/testosteronic index, accelerated the wound cleansing, the granulations creation and shortened the wound healing process by (2.12 ± 0.24) days.
Conclusion. Including of estrogens and liposomes into the treatment complex for experimental purulent wound of soft tissues enhances cellular biosynthetic activity, activity of reparative processes in the wound area, accelerates the wound cleansing and the granulation creation, shortens the wound healing process and may be applied for improvement of the purulent wounds treatment in elderly and senile patients.
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Casteleyn, Christophe, Sofie Breugelmans, Paul Simoens, and Wim Van den Broeck. "The Tonsils Revisited: Review of the Anatomical Localization and Histological Characteristics of the Tonsils of Domestic and Laboratory Animals." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/472460.
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This paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. Anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. Six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. Only in the sheep and goat, all six tonsils are present. Proper tonsils are absent in the rat, and pigeon. In the rabbit, only the palatine tonsils can be noticed, whereas the pig does not present palatine tonsils. The paraepiglottic tonsils lack in the ox, horse, and dog. In addition, the dog and cat are devoid of the tubal tonsil and the tonsil of the soft palate.
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Gulland, F. M. D. "The role of nematode parasites in Soay sheep (Ovis ariesL.) mortality during a population crash." Parasitology 105, no. 3 (December 1992): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000074679.
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SUMMARYIn early 1989, two-thirds of the Soay sheep population on St Kilda died over 12 weeks. Post-mortem examinations revealed emaciated carcasses and considerable nematode burdens, with protein-energy malnutrition as the probable cause of death. Haematological and blood biochemical changes in the sheep, as well as fecundity of gastrointestinal nematodes, suggested the hosts were immunosuppressed. In parallel, laboratory experiments in which Soay sheep on a high plane of nutrition were artificially infected withOstertagia circumcincta, showed no clinical signs or mortality when supporting worm burdens similar to those recorded in dead sheep on St Kilda. Anthelmintic treatment of a group of animals increased daily survival rates in ewes and male lambs, although treated animals became re-infected as the ‘crash’ progressed. It is suggested that parasites contribute to mortality in malnourished hosts, exacerbating the effects of food shortage.
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Villalba, Rubén, Andy Haegeman, María José Ruano, María Belén Gómez, Cristina Cano-Gómez, Ana López-Herranz, Jesús Tejero-Cavero, et al. "Lessons Learned from Active Clinical and Laboratory Surveillance during the Sheep Pox Virus Outbreak in Spain, 2022–2023." Viruses 16, no. 7 (June 27, 2024): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16071034.
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In September 2022, more than 50 years after its eradication from Spain, Sheep pox virus was confirmed by laboratory analysis in sheep showing characteristic lesions. This was the start of an outbreak that lasted 9 months and infected 30 farms dispersed over two different areas, Andalusia and Castilla-La Mancha. Early after the initial confirmation, an active surveillance based on clinical inspection with laboratory confirmation of sheep with clinical signs was started in restricted areas. This allowed the confirmation of Sheep pox in 22 out of 28 suspected farms, where limited numbers of sheep with mainly erythema and papules were found, indicative of early detection. Nevertheless, to improve active surveillance and stop the outbreak, clinical inspection was reinforced by laboratory analysis in all inspected farms, even when no clinically diseased sheep were detected. Although more than 35,000 oral swabs from 335 farms were analysed by real-time PCR in pools of five, only two out of six reported outbreaks in this period were detected by laboratory analysis before clinical signs were observed. Furthermore, additional insights were gained from the extensive laboratory surveillance performed on samples collected under field conditions. No evidence of Sheep pox virus infection was found in goats. Oral swabs proved to be the sample of choice for early detection in the absence of scabs and could be tested in pools of five without extensive loss in sensitivity; serology by ELISA was not useful in outbreak detection. Finally, a non-infectious genome of the virus could be detected months after cleaning and disinfection; thus, real-time PCR results should be interpreted with caution in sentinel animals during repopulation. In conclusion, the outbreak of Sheep pox virus in Spain showed that active clinical inspection with laboratory confirmation of clinically diseased sheep via oral swab testing proved a sensitive method for detection of infected farms, providing insights in laboratory surveillance that will be helpful for other countries confronted with Sheep pox outbreaks.
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Zaitsev, Sergei Yu, Anastasia A. Savina, Andrei A. Volnin, Oksana A. Voronina, and Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova. "Comparative Study of the Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Fodder Additives and Sheep Blood Serum by Amperometric and Biochemical Methods." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071186.
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The effects of chitosan as feed additive for animals (FAFAs) on various digestive processes are an important to study because of the animal nutrition and production quality, healthcare and farming. The aims of this study were to evaluate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) of chitosan and high protein microbiologically synthesized concentrate as FAFAs; to assess the effect of these FAFAs on TAWSA values, parameters of sheep blood serum and rumen content by biochemical, physical and chemical methods. The laboratory studies of TAWSA values of feed components based on chitosan from different manufacturers or/and a high-protein concentrate were implemented. The animal experiments were carried out on six rumen-fistulated ewes (in three rounds of 14 days each, i.e., three groups) to confirm the results of the laboratory studies. The particular differences of the TAWSA of sheep blood by using both FAFAs by amperometric method were determined. A strong negative correlation −0.67 (or −0.86) was observed between TAWSA and the total protein (globulin’s) content in the blood for the Group 3 of animals. A moderate (0.40) or strong (0.73) positive correlation between TAWSA and total protein content in the blood for the Group 2 of animals than weak correlation 0.23 (or 0.26) for the control Group 1. In conclusion, the correlations between the value changes of TAWSA vs. major biochemical parameters of a blood serum of rumen-fistulated ewes (Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1) or some indicators of the rumen content (ingesta pH, total content of volatile fatty acids, etc.) were found for the first time.
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Tіpіlo, H. T., and V. V. Dzitsiuk. "FEATURES OF CHROMOSOMAL SET OF SHEEP OF ROMANOV BREED." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.21.
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During long time a great interest was revealed to the Romanov breed by many sheep farmers of the world. To preserve and develop the breed, it is necessary to use modern approaches to assess its inbred breed diversity. One of most perspective for population-genetic researches is cytogenetic that allows to investigate the integrity of the chromosomal set and prevent the spread of unwanted genetic abnormalities in the population. The spontaneous chromosomal to aberration have a selective value in a breed formative process, that are fixed in generations. A level of chromosomal polymorphism is additional description of tribal value of animals, that can be taken into account at the selection of animals of wanted type. An analysis of chromosomal polymorphism of sheep is basis for forming of new knowledge about the dynamics of genetic structure in the populations of animals. The cytogenetics of animals collected considerable knowledge about influence of karyotype on the processes of individual development. With the help of cytogenetic studies, changes in chromosomes that are transmitted to offspring, and correspondingly affect the signs of an animal's organism, are detected. The object of the study was the number of sheep of the Romanov breed (n = 10), which are breeding in the breeding farm "Bach and family" (Kyiv region). The material for chromosomal preparations was the blood of sheep aged 1 to 3 years old that was taken from the jugular vein. The cytogenetic study was carried out at the Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubeta (Chubinskoye village) using special techniques and related equipment. To obtain the preparations of chromosomes, samples of the culture of leukocytes of peripheral blood of animals were used. For analysis and photographing, those metaphase plates were selected, in which the chromosomes were separate from each other. On one drug (glass), from one to ten metaphase plates were examined, and to analyze the karyotype, 50 and more metaphase plates were analyzed. Obtained experimental data was processed by the method of variation statistics using the computer programs EXCEL. The results of the cytogenetic analysis of the sheep of the Romanov breed showed that they all have a chromosomal set typical of the domestic breed of sheep. The chromosomal set of investigated sheep is represented by 54 chromosomes, of which 26 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). The results of the metaphysical analysis allowed to fix a certain part of stable aberrations. Among 457 metaphase plates 81 aberrant cells (17.7%) were identified, of which aneuploid cells – 6.25%, polyploidy – 0.75%, cells with chromosomal ruptures – 0.25%, chromosomal pair fragments frequency – 0.37%, and the frequency of cells with asynchronous divergence of the centromeric regions of the chromosomes (ARTSRH) was 2.5%. Since the frequency of aberrant cells (n = 240) in a small population is 17.7%, this indicates that the detected violations in the chromosomal set of sheep are not accidental in nature and have an heritable basis. Thus, the results of the cytogenetic study of the sheep of the Romanov breed obtained from us show that their karyotypes have a characteristic chromosome set and structure for this species of animals. At the same time, in the studied animals, there is an individual chromosomal variability, which in turn may be associated with their productive or reproductive qualities. This argument is the basis for continuing our research on the chromosomal polymorphism of sheep of Romanov and other breeds.
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Sharif, M., No author No author, No author No author, M. Farhat, E. Kraim, N. Altrabulsi, A. Kammon, No author No author, A. Dayhum, and and Eldaghayes. "Ovine paratuberculosis: a confirmed case of Johne's disease in Libya." Open Veterinary Journal 5, no. 2 (2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2013.v3.i2.p131.
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Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) was suspected in a herd of approximately 300 sheep after weight loss and scouring had increased in adult animals despite repeated treatment with anthelmintics, antibiotics, multivitamins and minerals. The herd is located near Tarhouna city. Herd history revealed that a total of 60 ewes showed clinical symptoms and deaths during the last two years. The last case that we attended was submitted to the National Center of Animal Health (NCAH) for a detailed laboratory examination. Gross pathological and histological examination of tissue samples revealed results that were highly comparable with Johne's disease. A definitive diagnosis was made only by histopathological identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the intestines using Ziehl-Neelsen stain. This is the first documented case of M. paratuberculosis in sheep in Libya.
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Vlasenko, S., O. Zhulinska, and O. Yeroshenko. "Clinical and laboratory prognostic indicators for fertility in sheep." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(149) (May 30, 2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2019-149-1-6-14.
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With the use of technology of artificial insemination in sheep farms are not yet defined criteria for assessing the full value of the preparation of females for insemination, and hence – the possibility of prediction and correction of their fertilization, which prevents the rational use of cryopreserved semen and ensuring the maximum reception of the offspring. We have proved the prognostic importance of fertilization of the morphofunctional state of the vulva and the vagina and the quality of mucus in sheep breeds during estrus. The material of the study was 327 sheep of ascanian breeding, which during the sexual intercourse before insemination examined the vulva, vagina and evaluated the estrus slime (number, color, consistency, presence of impurities, elasticity, electrical resistance, type of crystallization, protein content). The results of ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy were determined by the fertility of sheep with different integral compositions of clinical and laboratory parameters. It has been established that in sheep, in which fertility in the first sexual cycle reached 65.1%, most often found a pink, moderately edematous vulva with clear mucus. In females with pale mucous membrane and insignificant amount of mucus, the effectiveness of inseminates declined to 53.3-58.0%. In a significant amount of estral mucus, the proportion of infertile animals increased twofold. At the same time, the selection of liquid, but cloudy, or thick mucus is a sign of an unfavorable prognosis, in which fertility decreases by 1.8-2.1 times (p <0.001). Dense, white, paste-like isolates were observed in a small number of sheep, mostly bright at the beginning of the anestral season. Low fertility in the first sexual hunting (35.5%) and a high multiplicity of repeated inseminations (29.0%) indicate that sheep with thick estral slime are only beginning to enter the sexual season, and this quality of secrecy indicates an inadequate estrogenization of the body. It was also found that in the infertile sheep during sexual hunting, the protein content of cervical mucus was 4.8 times higher, and the elasticity of mucus was reduced by 2.9 times. The most prevalent was the prognosis of average fertilization (53.3-58.0%), which was recorded in 62.9% of experimental sheep. The prognosis of high fertilization, which resulted in 62.5-65.1% of oseminins, was found in 27.8% of females. At the same time, the number of females with a fertility forecast at 40% was only 3.1%, and the prevalence of an unfavorable prognosis, in which fertility was the smallest (30.0-35.5%), reached 6.2%. Key words: sheep, askanian breeding, estrus, fertility prognosis, estral mucus, vulva, vagina, artificial insemination.
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Blagojevic, Milos, Zora Nikolic, Zoran Zoric, and Dejana Cupic-Miladinovic. "Comparative characteristics of metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsi) and finger articles (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in orderto determine animal species." Veterinarski glasnik 70, no. 3-4 (2016): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1604111b.
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Metatarsal bones and finger articles of roe deer and sheep are rarely used for animal identification. In practice there are frequent cases where on a corpse the head and distal parts of the limbs are missing. That is in order to prevent the identification of the bones, by which it is easiest to determine the animal species. For identification of metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsi) as well as finger articles (Os?sa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) there were used distal parts of hindlimb bones, taken from 6 roe deers and 7 sheep. Afer the separation from the soft tissues, the bones were boiled in an autoclave, and for bleaching and degreasing they were kept in 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The bones were air dried, and then photographed. In roe deer, four metatarsal bones are developed: the second (Os metatarsale secundum), the third (Os metatarsale tertium), the fourth (Os metatarsale quartum) and the fifth (Os metatarsale quintum). In sheep, the third (Os metatarsale tertium) and the fourth (Os metatarsale quartum) metatarsal bones are developed. Both in roe deer and sheep, the third and the fourth metatarsal bones are fused into one single bone - main metatarsal bone. In sheep, on dorsal and plantar side of these bones there are grooves which are more shallow and wider than in roe deer. In roe deer, hindlimbs have four fingers, and in sheep two. In roe deer there is also the difference in the number of articles on the second and fifth finger. In this animal the second and fifth finger have coalesced the first and second article (Ph1 + Ph2) and the third article(Ph3). Based on the third article of the third and fourth finger, it may be distinguished one animal from another. Margo solearis in roe deer is peaky and in sheep it is blunt. In roe deer Processus extensorius is peaky on Margo coronalis, while in shee it is blunt. In the cases when material (fresh meat, blood, hair) necessary for some laboratory methods is missing, there is used the method of animal species determination based on morphological differences between the bones of these two animals. By this method it can be with certainty determined which animal the bones belong to.
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Markovic-Denic, Ljiljana, Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic, Vladimir Zugic, Dragana Radojcic, and Goran Stevanovic. "The first outbreak of brucellosis in the region of Sabac." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 8 (2010): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1008634m.
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Background/Aim. In Serbia brucellosis is a primary disease of the animals in the southern parts of the country. The aim of this study was to describe the first outbreak of human and animal brucellosis in the region of Sabac, Serbia. Methods. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify a source of outbreak and the ways of transmission of brucellosis infection in human population. A descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods (cohort study) were used. Additional data included monthly reports of the infectious diseases from the Institutes of Public Health and data from the Veterinary Specialistic Institute in Sabac. The serological tests for human brucellosis cases were performed in the Laboratory of the Military Medical Academy; laboratory confirmation of animal brucellosis cases was obtained from the reference laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade. Results. Twelve cases of brucellosis were recorded from February 9 to September 1, 2004. Total attack rate was 8.1% (7.5% of males, 14.2% of females). Relative risk (RR) of milk consumption was 8.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.63-13.38), and RR for direct contact with animals was 14 (95% confidence interval: 3.5-55.6). The prevalence of seropositive animals in 33 villages of the Macva region accounted for 0.8%. Regarding animal species, sheep were predominant - 264 (95.7%). Out of a total number of seropositive animals, ELISA results were positive in 228 (88.7%) of them. Conclusion. As contact epidemics generally last longer, it is probable that the implemented measures of outbreak control did reduce the length of their duration.
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Navarro, Mauricio A., and Francisco A. Uzal. "Pathobiology and diagnosis of clostridial hepatitis in animals." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719886567.
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Clostridia can cause hepatic damage in domestic livestock, and wild and laboratory animals. Clostridium novyi type B causes infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) in sheep and less frequently in other species. Spores of C. novyi type B can be present in soil; after ingestion, they reach the liver via portal circulation where they persist in phagocytic cells. Following liver damage, frequently caused by migrating parasites, local anaerobic conditions allow germination of the clostridial spores and production of toxins. C. novyi type B alpha toxin causes necrotizing hepatitis and extensive edema, congestion, and hemorrhage in multiple organs. Clostridium haemolyticum causes bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) in cattle, sheep, and rarely, horses. Beta toxin is the main virulence factor of C. haemolyticum, causing hepatic necrosis and hemolysis. Clostridium piliforme, the causal agent of Tyzzer disease (TD), is the only gram-negative and obligate intracellular pathogenic clostridia. TD occurs in multiple species, but it is more frequent in foals, lagomorphs, and laboratory animals. The mode of transmission is fecal–oral, with ingestion of spores from a fecal-contaminated environment. In affected animals, C. piliforme proliferates in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in necrosis, and then disseminates to the liver and other organs. Virulence factors for this microorganism have not been identified, to date. Given the peracute or acute nature of clostridial hepatitis in animals, treatment is rarely effective. However, INH and BH can be prevented, and should be controlled by vaccination and control of liver flukes. To date, no vaccine is available to prevent TD.
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Coppock, D. L., J. E. Ellis, and S. K. Waweru. "A comparative in vitro digestion trial using inocula of livestock from South Turkana and Kitale, Kenya." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 1 (February 1988): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079697.
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SummaryThe dry-matter digestibilities of 13 important herbaceous and browse forages from an arid rangeland in north-western Kenya were evaluated in a comparative in vitro trial using rumen fluid from indigenous sheep, goats, a camel, and Merino sheep kept at an agricultural laboratory. All inoculum donors had varied diets preceding the experiment, but little substantial difference was observed in the ability of each fluid to digest test materials. Tt was concluded that the Merino sheep inoculum provided an adequate substitute for inocula from indigenous animals for studies of the nutritional ecology of free-ranging livestock.
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Omed, H. M., R. F. E. Axford, A. G. Chamberlain, and D. I. Givens. "A comparison of three laboratory techniques for the estimation of the digestibility of feedstuffs for ruminants." Journal of Agricultural Science 113, no. 1 (August 1989): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084586.
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SUMMARYThree in vitro methods, one enzymic and two microbial, were applied satisfactorily to the determination of the dry matter digestibility of forages, but failed when applied to a variety of concentrate feeds. The microbial methods had the advantage that the proportion of weight lost from forages during the in vitro process approximated closely with their determined in vivo digestibilities.The microbial method based on sheep faeces was as effective as that using rumen liquor in digesting ruminant feedstuff's in vitro. Since sheep faeces are readily obtained from intact animals, the faeces liquor method would seem to have a distinct advantage in use.
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Yakoob, Alia Yousif. "Epidemiological study of Cryptosporidiosis in sheep of Baghdad province." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v33i2.699.
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To investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among neonatal lambs and sheep in different areasof Baghdad include (Alshaab, Alshoala ,Albayaa, Alalawy, Madenat alsader, Aldorah, Alhosaenea,Algazalea, Alrashdea) ,also the study investigated effect of sex ,age, season on the infected rate fromDecember 2007 till August 2008.The laboratory methods were used to identified the oocysts :Modifide Ziehl Neelsen stain and flotationwith Shether’s solution .A total of 500 fecal samples were collected from animals at one day -two years old lambs and sheep,males and femalesAll fecal samples obtained from three groups of animals state: diarrhea , pasty and normal.The study recorded total rate of cryptosporidiosis infection 15.8% in neonatal lambs and sheep., thecryptosporidium oocysts isolated from animals appeared with Ziehl Neelsen stain as spherical ovalshape, red in color containing the sporozoit and measured 4.3 x 4.8 Um.Infected rate differ according to the areas, the higher rate of infection 34.88 % was recorded inAlshaab , while the lower rate 3.12 % was recorded in Algazalea.The result revealed higher rate of infection 34.95 % was recorded in lambs less than month , whilethe lower rate 2.77 % was recorded in animals at 6 to 7 month old.No significant difference was noticed between two sex , the infection rate was 12.9 % in males and16.75 % in females.The result revealed there's no effect of fecal type on infection rate this study was recorded 18.61 %in diarrheic animals, 14.68 % in normal and 11.9 % in animals with pasty feces.In regard to seasonal variation, the higher rate of infection 34.88 % was recorded in April, while thelower rate 3.12 % in July.
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Chalfun Guimaraes Okamoto, Priscylla Tatiana, Ana Luísa Holanda de Albuquerque, Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes, André Nanny Vieira Le Sueur, Alessandra Melchert, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço, Carmel Rezende Dadalto, et al. "INTERMITTENT HEMODIALYSIS, AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR OVINE WITH ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE." Veterinária e Zootecnia 27 (December 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2020.v27.445.
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a syndrome composed of numerous comorbidities such as the failure of excretion of toxins and nitrogenous compounds from metabolism, as well as the failure to maintain endocrine, water, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in all mammals. As it is a non-regenerative and progressive disease, any endogenous or exogenous insults in the organ in question will lead to the intensification of all these mentioned disorders associated with decreased urinary output. Several studies in humans and animals recommend the use of renal replacement therapy, especially in those who already have CKD, and who are in uremic syndrome. This report aims to demonstrate that the use of intermittent hemodialysis (HI) in sheep is a therapeutic alternative in those in renal failure. A six-year-old Bergamasca sheep was presented with lateral decubitus, dyspnea, dark liquid diarrhea, apathy, anorexia and pulmonary crepitation on auscultation. Laboratory tests showed azotemia and electrolyte changes such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, isosthenuria (1,012), pyuria, glycosuria, and a protein: creatinine ratio of 0.88. In ultrasonography, the real resistivity index was above 0.54, being suggestive of loss of renal perfusion. The treatment chosen consisted of electrolytic and fluid replacement, associated with HI. After HI, the sheep showed great clinical and laboratory improvement as expected, however, despite not having survived, the histopathological findings of the necropsy pointed out segments of glomerulosclerosis, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the animal already had a CKD which was aggravated due to the association of hypovolemia, hypotension by anesthetic drugs and the indiscriminate use of NSAIDs. Despite the death of the sheep, HI again proved to be a therapy of rapid clinical and laboratory improvement of the patient compared to conventional clinical treatment, thus being an important treatment alternative for sheep with a high impact on reproduction, production, and research.
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Savina, A. A., A. A. Volnin, N. V. Bogolyubova, O. A. Voronina, and S. Yu Zaytsev. "Amperometric detection of water-soluble antioxidants in chitosan-based feed additives and in sheep blood serum." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 4 (2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202004010.
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The effects of chitosan on various metabolic and digestive processes in the animal body are an important to study because of the production quality for animal nutrition, healthcare, etc. The major known changes in the biochemical parameters of the animal liquids (by chitosan usage as feed additive) are the following: ratio of volatile and fatty acids, content of fat, mineral composition, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) of feed additives based on chitosan and high protein concentrate of microbiological synthesis and to assess the effect of these feed additives on TAWSA values of sheep blood serum by amperometric method. Firstly, the antioxidant activity of feed components based on chitosan or/and a high-protein microbiological synthesis concentrate was studied in this work. Second, the experiments are carried out on 6 fistula animals to confirm the results of laboratory studies. Third, the determination of the total antioxidant activity of sheep blood by using chitosan additives (as the feed components) by amperometric method was carried out. A particular difference in antioxidant activity of the control and experimental samples of the sheep blood was established for the first time.
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Chernykh, O. Yu, A. A. Shevchenko, V. A. Mishchenko, A. V. Mishchenko, L. V. Shevchenko, A. V. Toropyno, and A. Yu Manakova. "MANNHEIMIOSIS IN GOATS AND SHEEP." VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1682-5616-2022-4-21-28.
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The article presents the analysis results of sheep’s and goats’ examinations, care and feeding conditions at various farms of the Krasnodar Region unfavourable in terms of the upper respiratory tract infectious diseases. The sick animals clinical study data, the pathoanatomical changes found at autopsy on dead small ruminants, the laboratory research results have been noted. The clinical signs in sick goats and sheep were manifested by fever, cough, flux of mucous exudate from the nose. At autopsy on dead animals the lobular fibrinous bronchopneumonia with coagulative necrosis, the fibrinous pleurisy were found; the exudate in the alveolar tissue of the lungs and edema were detected, and when cut, a marble appearance of the lungs. The causative agent Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from the pathological material taken from corpses of dead goats and sheep. Upon the analysis of examinations it was proved that in case of viral infections the efficiency of the respiratory system defence mechanisms weaken, causing colonisation by microbes of Mannheimia haemolytica species. The Mannheimia haemolytica microorganism in ruminants is nasopharynx and upper respiratory system commensal. Under normal conditions the Mannheimia haemolytica microorganism might not always cause the infectious disease in small cattle. The occurrence of this disease at the farms depends on the presence of various predisposing factors related to the deterioration of feeding and care conditions. All this confirms that mannheimiosis is a factorial disease.
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Schmidt, Tanja, Fabienne Ferrara, Anne-Marie Pobloth, and Sarah Jeuthe. "Large Farm Animals Used for Research Purposes: A Survey on Purchase, Housing and Hygiene Management." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082158.
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Background: Farm animals (FAs) are frequently used in biomedical research. Recommendations for the purchase, housing and health monitoring of these animals (sheep, goats, cattle and pigs) are still missing, and many institutes have developed their own strategies and protocols to face the challenges associated with the use of farm animals. This may influence the comparability of research results and increase data variances, thus increasing animal use that contradicts the obligation to apply the 3Rs principle of reduction, refinement and replacement required in Directive 2010/63 EU and the German animal protection law. Methods: A survey was conducted to define the current state of the art in research institutes working with pigs, and large and small ruminants. Results: The results of the survey clearly show that there are no uniform procedures regarding the purchase, housing and hygiene management of farm animals contrary to small laboratory animals. The facilities make purpose-bound decisions according to their own needs and individual work instructions and implement their own useful protocols to improve and maintain the health of the animals. Conclusion: This survey was the first step to filling the gaps and identifying the status quo and practical applied measures regarding the purchase and hygiene monitoring of FAs in order to improve animal welfare and scientific validity.
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Herman, Y. I., and A. I. Herman. "IMPROVEMENT OF SELECTION METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCING COMPOSITION OF THE ROMANOV SHEEP BREED." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.06.
Full textAbstract:
In order for Roman breed sheep to meet modern requirements, remain competitive and in demand in specific breeding conditions at sheep breeding enterprises of various forms of ownership and departmental affiliation, it is necessary at this stage of selection and breeding to develop and implement a new scale for assessment of breeding sheep.
The aim of research was to improve and approbate the assessment methods for a set of breeding traits of sheep of the Roman breed in Belarus for further development of breeding value indices.
The research subject was rams and ewes of RUE “Vitebsk breeding enterprise” of Vitebsk region and individual sheep-breeding enterprises with various forms of ownership in the amount of 370 animals. Expert assessment was carried out according to two or more ewes lambing according to the method of assessment and selection of sheep according to set of traits for breeding use of the Romanov breed. Analysis and data processing were carried out in the laboratory for horse breeding, fur farming and small animal breeding at the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Research and Production Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding” in accordance with methodological recommendations for study of performance and biological traits of sheep of breeds and groups few in number.
Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking to: the best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
Research results. In the course scientific research, it was determined that, depending on scores received and the planned breeding value index, producing rams get the following purpose:
– rams for self-repair purpose – over 9.0 scores or BVI 101% and above;
– rams for breeding purpose – 8 scores or BVI 85–100%;
– rams for market production purpose – 7 scores or BVI 65–84%.
The obtained evaluation indicators for each animal are summarized and the average score for all producing rams is calculated, and comprehensive index of breeding value is determined. It’s worse noting that in the future studies are planned with the most comprehensive and reliable method, which is based on determining the results of expert evaluations of the offspring according to set of traits with the subsequent ranking of producers by this trait.
Depending on the scores received and the breeding value index, ewes get the following purpose:
– ewes for self-repair purpose – over 8.0 scores or BVI 101% and over;
– ewes for breeding purpose – 8–7 scores or BVI 85–100%;
– ewes for market production purpose – 7–6 scores or BVI 65–84%;
– other – 6–5 scores or BVI up to 50–64%.
The ranking scales for producing rams and ewes developed by us include the assessment of animals by origin, typicality, measurements, exterior, fur-coat traits, and queens additionally by fertility rate, which is taken into account for at least 2 lambs. Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking according to time scale to: best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
It should be noted that this development (assessment scale) allows livestock breeders at sheep farms applying it in practice without additional training when evaluating sheep, it is an intermediate link in transition to an index assessment of animals’ breeding value.
Conclusion. In the future, the developed scales for rams and ewes ranking will allow developing individual breeding value indices and planned comprehensive index for evaluating sheep of the fur-coat direction of productivity, which will contribute to more objective and rapid differentiation of the breed quality, increase efficiency of the breeding work and predictability of results.
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Atia mubarak, Sawsan salman, Ismail khatham Shubar, and Amar salim Rahiem. "Study on the isolation and identification of Pasteurella species from farm animal and human." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2008.2.1.31.
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This study was interested in isolation and identification of Pasteuralla species in animals and human , also studing it's sensitivity to antibiotic with comparison to it's pathogenicity for laboratory animals . Tow groups of samples were collected and investigeted, 1st group consisting of one handered thirty six samples which were collected from animals ( cow .sheep , goats , and chikens ) . 2nd group was also consisting of 136 samples that were colleeted from human ( wound , urine , and sputum ) . These samples were cultured in selective enrichement brain heart infusion broth and then in the new Pasteurella multocida selective agar medium .
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Bonacci, Teresa, Giuseppe Curia, Roberto Leoncini, and Daniel Whitmore. "Traumatic myiasis in farmed animals caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica in southern Italy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 49, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2017.230.
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Ten herds of sheep and goats (455 heads) were inspected for the presence of traumatic myiasis between May and September 2013 in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy. Nine cases were discovered in sheep, goats and a sheepdog. Infested body sites included external genitalia, wounds (sheep and sheepdog) and hooves (goats). Larvae were removed from the infested body areas and reared to adult stage in the laboratory. Both the larvae and the adults were identified as belonging to the Mediterranean screwworm fly <em>Wohlfahrtia</em> <em>magnifica</em> (Schiner, 1862) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an obligatory parasite of humans and warm-blooded vertebrates. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of wohlfahrtiosis in sheep and goats to be reported from Calabria. The infested animals were living outdoors in spring and summer, and enclosed in sheds during the autumn and winter months. Observed effects of the myiases included severely impeded walking and tissue damage. Wohlfahrtiosis can cause significant economic loss to farmers. Data about the local distribution, seasonality and types of infestation caused by <em>W. magnifica</em> are useful to farmers and vets to improve control systems, in Calabria as elsewhere within the distributional range of the species
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Kovacevic-Filipovic, Milica, Tatjana Bozic, and Jelka Stevanovic. "Significance of different animal species in experimental models for in vivo investigations of hematopoiesis." Veterinarski glasnik 58, no. 1-2 (2004): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0402055k.
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Numerous discoveries in medicine are results of experiments on different animal species. The most frequently used animals in hematopoiesis investigations are laboratory mice and rats, but so-called big animals, such as pigs, sheep, cats, dogs, and monkeys, evolution-wise closer to humans have a place in experimental hematology as well. The specific problematics of a certain animal specie can lead to fundamental knowledge on certain aspects of the process of hematopoiesis end the biology of stem cells in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, comparative investigations of certain phenomena in different species help in the recognition of the general rules in the living world. In the area f preclinicalinvesti- gations, animal models are an inevitable step in studies of transplantation biology of stem cells in hematopoiesis, as well as in studies of biologically active molecules which have an effect on the hematopoietic system. Knowledge acquired on animal models is applied in both human and veterinary medicine.
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Taher, N. K., H. J. Hassan, and B. J. Mohammad. "A study effect of age of dam and sex of birth on chemical and physical composition of milk in some farm animals." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2011): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i23906.
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This study was carried out at AL-Qadisiya Governorate/ AL-Shinafia district during a period from July- September 2010 to evaluate the effect of age of dam and sex of birth on physico-chemical composition of milk in some farm animals(cows ,sheep and goats). by using ultra-sonic milk Analyzer to analysis of physico-chemical composition of milk. A total of (153) samples of milk were used in this study distributed in to (54) samples for cows, (53) samples for sheep and (46) samples for goats. These samples were collected from animals directly and kept in ice box during transportation to the laboratory to analysis. Results of this study showed that milk of sheep and goats didn’t differ significantly as compared with cows milk in (PH, Density, Solid not fat).But differed significantly (P˂0.05) in other components. The study revealed that sheep milk contain the highest Ash(0.74%) while cow milk had lactose (4.25%) , but goat milk had the highest solid not fat (8.27%) and protein (3.37%). The study showed that there was no significant effect of sex of birth on physico-chemical composition of milk of cows, sheep and goats with exception the effect of it on lactose percentage in sheep. Age of dam didn’t effect on most physico-chemical composition of milk of cow and goat and some chemical composition of sheep milk (Ash and Fat).
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Johnson, Gayle C., William H. Fales, Carol W. Maddox, and Jose Antonio Ramos-Vara. "Evaluation of Laboratory Tests for Confirming the Diagnosis of Encephalitic Listeriosis in Ruminants." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, no. 2 (April 1995): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700210.
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Retrospective analysis of 93 bovine, ovine, and caprine cases diagnosed as listerial encephalitis revealed positive bacterial isolations in only 63% of 59 cases in which bacterial culture was attempted. Only 42% of 41 attempted bovine brain cultures were successful, compared with 67% from 6 sheep brains and 92% from 12 goat brains. Gram stains and Listeria-specific immunohistochemistry were evaluated as tools for verifying the presence of bacteria or listerial antigens in 38 animals. Sixteen of 17 animals in this group with positive bacterial isolations were immunochemically positive for listerial antigens (including 5/6 cattle), but Gram stains detected only 9/17 positive animals (including 1/6 cattle). Antigen was also detected in 15 of 21 animals (including 5/9 cattle) with unsuccessful or unattempted bacterial isolations. Of all 38 animals, the histologic diagnosis could be verified in 82% by immunohistochemistry, compared to 47% verified by Gram stains. Immunohistochemical testing was especially beneficial in locating antigen in lesions with few bacteria or bacterial antigens and is a rapid method of confirming the diagnosis of encephalitic listeriosis where inappropriate material is submitted for bacterial isolation or in culture-negative cases.
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Hitt, Nancy D., and Michael E. Kleinberg. "Identification of neutrophil NADPH oxidase proteins gp91-phox, p22-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox in mammalian species." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.05.672.
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Abstract Objective To identify and characterize 4 components of the NADPH oxidase complex, gp91-phox, p22-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox, in common laboratory animal species. Animals 2 clinically normal animals from each of the following species: rabbit, sheep, cow, pig, and macaque (Macaca nemistrina). A pool of 8 rats. Procedure Neutrophils were harvested from blood. Membrane and cytosol fractions were isolated and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Gels were transferred, and immunoblots were probed with antibodies directed against individual human NADPH oxidase proteins. Human neutrophil membrane and cytosol fractions served as controls. Results Immunoreactive bands were observed in all species for gp91-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox proteins. Immunoreactive bands for p22-phox protein were observed in cells from rats, rabbits, pigs, and macaques. Conclusions The NADPH oxidase and its component proteins have been highly conserved across mammalian species. Lack of immunoreactivity to p22-phox in sheep and cows can be explained by sequence divergence and epitope variability at the p22-phox C-terminus. Clinical Relevance The high degree of NADPH oxidase protein conservation may allow the existing knowledge of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase to be applied to the study of animal disease. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:672–676
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Birungi, Doreen, Freda Loy Aceng, Lilian Bulage, Innocent Herbert Nkonwa, Bernadette Basuta Mirembe, Claire Biribawa, Denis Okethwangu, et al. "Sporadic Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Humans and Animals in Uganda, October 2017–January 2018." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (September 20, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8881191.
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Introduction. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. The Uganda Ministry of Health received alerts of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever in humans from Kiruhura, Buikwe, Kiboga, and Mityana districts. Laboratory results from Uganda Virus Research Institute indicated that human cases were positive for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) by polymerase chain reaction. We investigated to determine the scope of outbreaks, identify exposure factors, and recommend evidence-based control and prevention measures. Methods. A suspected case was defined as a person with acute fever onset, negative malaria test result, and at least two of the following symptoms: headache, muscle or joint pain, bleeding, and any gastroenteritis symptom (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea) in a resident of Kiruhura, Buikwe, Mityana, and Kiboga districts from 1st October 2017 to 30th January 2018. A confirmed case was defined as a suspected case with laboratory confirmation by either detection of RVF nucleic acid by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or demonstration of serum IgM or IgG antibodies by ELISA. Community case finding was conducted in all affected districts. In-depth interviews were conducted with human cases that were infected with RVF who included herdsmen and slaughterers/meat handlers to identify exposure factors for RVF infection. A total of 24 human and 362 animal blood samples were tested. Animal blood samples were purposively collected from farms that had reported stormy abortions in livestock and unexplained death of animals after a short illness (107 cattle, 83 goats, and 43 sheep). Convenient sampling for the wildlife (10 zebras, 1 topi, and 1 impala) was conducted to investigate infection in animals from Kiruhura, Buikwe, Mityana, and Kiboga districts. Human blood was tested for anti-RVFV IgM and IgG and animal blood for anti-RVFV IgG. Environmental assessments were conducted during the outbreaks in all the affected districts. Results. Sporadic RVF outbreaks occurred from mid-October 2017 to mid-January 2018 affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Human cases were reported from Kiruhura, Buikwe, Kiboga, and Mityana districts. Of the 24 human blood samples tested, anti-RVFV IgG was detected in 7 (29%) human samples; 1 human sample had detectable IgM only, and 6 had both IgM and IgG. Three of the seven confirmed human cases died among humans. Results from testing animal blood samples obtained from Kiruhura district indicated that 44% (64/146) cattle, 46% (35/76) goats, and 45% (9/20) sheep tested positive for RVF. Among wildlife, (1/10) zebras, (1/1) topi, and (1/1) impala tested positive for RVFV by serological tests. One blood sample from sheep in Kiboga district tested RVFV positive. All the human cases were exposed through contact or consumption of meat from infected animals. Conclusion. RVF outbreaks occurred in humans and animals in Kiruhura, Buikwe, Mityana, and Kiboga districts. Human cases were potentially infected through contact with infected animals and their products.
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Marchenko, V. A., S. S. Khalikov, E. A. Еfremova, Iu A. Vasilenko, and M. S. Khalikov. "THE EFFECT OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF IVERMECTIN AND ALBENDAZOLE WHEN SHEEP EXPERIENCING NODULAR WORM DISEASE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-52-3-82-90.
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The paper demonstrates the prospects of applying Arabinogalactan for mechanochemical modification of physicochemical and biological properties of antihelminthic substance. The study evaluates the parasitocidal effect of ivermectin (IVER) and albendazole (ABZ) compounds with Arabinogalactan (AG) in the form of solid dispersions (RD) in sheep intestinal helminthiasis. The authors tested compositions of new specimens with the active substance (DV) of ivermectin with three batches of arabinogalactan from different manufacturers in the ratio of 1:10 and compositions of IVER+ABZ+AG in the ratio of 1:1:10. The experiments on parasitocidal activity of compositions in intestinal helminthiasis were carried out on spontaneously invaded sheep in Shebala district of the Republic of Altai, where 16 experimental and 2 control groups of animals were arranged following the principle of analogues. The sheep received the specimens on an individual basis: as a water suspension orally; composition of IVER+AG dosed as 0,1; 0,05 and 0,025 mg per a kilo of animal weight; composition of IVER+ABZ+AG - in calculation of IVER+ABZ - 0,1 and 0,2 mg of water suspension, albendazole 1, 2, 3 and 5 mg per 1 kg of animal weight. The experiment has shown that parasitocidal activity of laboratory samples of mechanical compositions of ivermectin and different in degree of purification of AB lots do not differ significantly. It is supposed that parasitocidal compositions can be used for non-pharmacopoeia AG samples of animals, which will reduce significantly the cost of the specimen. The efficiency of the composition of IVER+AG dosed 0.1 mg per 1 kg of animal weight is significantly higher than that of the initial specimen. Mechanical composition IVER+ABZ+AH dosed 0.2 mg of hemectin and 2 mg of albendazole per a kilo of animal weight is highly effective (100%) against sheep intestinal helminths and it assumes the possibility of significant (five times) decrease of AHZ dose in the composition with AH without loss of helmintocidal activity.
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Acharya, Dilaram, Ji-Hyuk Park, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Mi Yeon Kim, Seok-Ju Yoo, Antoine Lewin, and Kwan Lee. "Seroepidemiologic evidence of Q fever and associated factors among workers in veterinary service laboratory in South Korea." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): e0010054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010054.
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The incidence of Q fever has rapidly increased in South Korea since 2015. This study was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence and seroreactivity of Q fever and the risk factors associated with its seroprevalence among workers in the veterinary service laboratory (VSL) in South Korea. This seroepidemiologic study was conducted in a total of 661 human subjects out of 1,328 subjects working in 50 VSL existing in South Korea between July 15 and July 29, 2019. Data were collected by administering survey questionnaires and by analyzing collected blood samples to determine the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. The seroprevalence and seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection were determined based on serum titers as (phase II IgG ≥1:256 and/or IgM ≥1:16) and (phase II IgG ≥1:16 and/or IgM ≥1:16) as determined by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Work, work environment, behavioral risk and protective factors associated with seroprevalence of Q fever were assessed by employing multivariable logistic regression analysis. Among the 661, the seroprevalence and seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection were 7.9% and 16.0%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors significantly associated with seroprevalence were the antemortem inspection of cattle, goats, or sheep (APR (adjusted prevalence ratio), 2.52; 95% CI, 1.23–4.70)), animal blood splashed into or around eyes (APR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.04–4.41), and contact with animals having Q fever (APR, 6.58; 95% CI, 3.39–10.85) during the previous year. This study suggests the need for precautions when contact with cattle, goats, or sheep is expected, especially during the antemortem inspection, when dealing with C. burnetii infected animals, or when there is a risk of ocular contact with animal derivatives. Therefore, we recommend the consistent use of appropriate personal protective equipment and other protective measures including PPE treatment and washing of body surfaces after work to prevent C. burnetii infections among VSL staff in South Korea.
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Melo, Anyelle Maia, Joziane Souza da Silva, Jonatas Maciel Claudio, and Rodrigo de Souza Amaral. "Evaluation of the use of dry blood spots for progesterone determination in ewes." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 16, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.4.10932.
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The use of dried blood spots on filter paper has been shown to be a practical alternative in several studies with humans and animals, enabling a simple means of storing and transporting viable blood samples for various laboratory analyses. However, its applicability in the measurement of progesterone in animals is scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using dried blood spots for the measurement of progesterone in sheep. In total, 38 blood samples from 6 sheep were dripped onto filter paper, and the remainder of each sample was separated into serum. The progesterone levels in the serum samples and in the dry drops were measured by enzyme immunoassay and subsequently correlated. The levels of progesterone in the serum and dry spots showed a high correlation between the matrices (R2 = 0.9694). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of using samples of dried sheep blood spots for the measurement of progesterone, and the storage and transport technique can be applied in the field.
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Salvarani, Felipe Masiero, Mayane Faccin, Nayra Fernanda de Queiroz Ramos Freitas, Mônica Regina de Matos, Edismair Carvalho Garcia, Geane Maciel Pagliosa, José Diomedes Barbosa, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, and Aline de Marco Viott. "Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2593.
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This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.
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Sotiraki, S. T., L. S. Leontides, and C. A. Himonas. "The effect of transportation and confinement stress on egg production by Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 4 (April 1999): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000566.
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The effect of transportation and confinement stress on Dicrocoelium dendriticum egg production was investigated. Sheep passing a minimum of 200 eggs g-1 of faeces were selected from a naturally infected flock. A group of six ewes (group A) was transferred to the laboratory premises and kept indoors for 28 days, while another group (B) of six ewes remained on pasture and was used as a control. Faecal examinations and egg counting were performed weekly, on all sheep, from one week before to 28 days after the transportation of the animals. Comparison of faecal egg counts between groups revealed higher (P < 0.01) counts in transported sheep sampled on days 7, 14 and 28 of the trial. Furthermore, egg counts obtained from sheep that were transferred remained consistently high while the ones from sheep that remained on pasture showed significant variation. Therefore, it is concluded that stress-inducing factors, such as transportation and confinement may enhance egg production of D. dendriticum.
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Sotiraki, S. T., L. S. Leontides, and C. A. Himonas. "The effect of transportation and confinement stress on egg production by Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 4 (April 1999): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0070068x.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of transportation and confinement stress on Dicrocoelium dendriticum egg production was investigated. Sheep passing a minimum of 200 eggs g-1 of faeces were selected from a naturally infected flock. A group of six ewes (group A) was transferred to the laboratory premises and kept indoors for 28 days, while another group (B) of six ewes remained on pasture and was used as a control. Faecal examinations and egg counting were performed weekly, on all sheep, from one week before to 28 days after the transportation of the animals. Comparison of faecal egg counts between groups revealed higher (P < 0.01) counts in transported sheep sampled on days 7, 14 and 28 of the trial. Furthermore, egg counts obtained from sheep that were transferred remained consistently high while the ones from sheep that remained on pasture showed significant variation. Therefore, it is concluded that stress-inducing factors, such as transportation and confinement may enhance egg production of D. dendriticum.