Journal articles: 'Shearing'

1

Koga, Nobuhiro. "Shearing." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 57, no. 12 (December 30, 2007): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.57.601.

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2

SASADA, Masahiro. "Shearing." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 47, no. 547 (2006): 724–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.47.724.

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3

McGregor, B. A., K. L. Butler, and M. B. Ferguson. "The allometric relationship between clean mohair growth and the fleece-free liveweight of Angora goats is affected by liveweight change." Animal Production Science 53, no. 2 (2013): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12070.

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Clean fleece weight (CFWt) is affected by liveweight and change in liveweight in Merino sheep, Angora and cashmere goats. However, how these relationships progress as animals age has not been elucidated. Measurements were made over 12 shearing periods on a population of Angora goats representing the current range and diversity of genetic origins including South African, Texan and interbred admixtures of these and Australian sources. Records of breed, sire, dam, date of birth, dam age, birthweight, birth parity, weaning weight, liveweight, fleece growth and fleece quality were taken for does and castrated males (wethers) (n = 267 animals). Fleece-free liveweights (FFLwt) were determined for each goat at shearing time by subtracting the greasy fleece weight from the liveweight recorded immediately before shearing. The average of the FFLwt at the start of the period and the FFLWt at the end of the period was calculated (AvFFLwt). Liveweight change (LwtCh) was the change in FFLwt over the period between shearings. A restricted maximum likelihood model was developed for CFWt, after log10 transformation, which allowed the observations of the same animal at different ages to be correlated in an unstructured manner. A simple way of describing the results is: CFWt = κ (AvFFLwt)β, where κ is a parameter that can vary in a systematic way with shearing age, shearing treatment and LwtCh; and β is an allometric coefficient that only varies with LwtCh. CFWt was proportional to FFLwt0.67 but only when liveweight was lost at the rate of 5–10 kg during a shearing interval of 6 months. The allometric coefficient declined to 0.3 as LwtCh increased from 10 kg loss to 20 kg gain during a shearing interval. A consequence is that, within an age group of Angora goats, the largest animals will be the least efficient in converting improved nutrition to mohair.

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4

Hatcher, S., K. D. Atkins, and K. J. Thornberry. "Strategic use of sheep coats can improve your economic return." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08036.

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Merino wethers from a mixed bloodline flock in western New South Wales were coated for varying periods of time after shearing between August 1999 and August 2000. The coated and a similar number of uncoated control wethers from each of nine bloodlines (three fine and six superfine) were grazed together as part of a larger mob. Dyebands were placed in the fleeces of each wether before fitting of the coats and were removed before shearing when a midside sample was taken and several subjective assessments and objective measurements were made of each fleece. It was concluded that coating sheep for 6 months after shearing is as effective in improving the quality of the Merino fleece as coating for the entire 12 month period between annual shearings. Strategic coating of sheep after shearing is a viable option for wool producers to both reduce some of the management implications of coating and extend the useful life of sheep coats. Importantly, the magnitude of the net financial gain will vary according to the prevailing micron premium and premiums and discounts applied to style and vegetable matter. A software tool is described that allows producers to identify the potential financial gain in any market scenario.

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5

Hofmann, K. H., and G. Weigelt. "High angular resolution shearing spectroscopy and triple shearing interferometry." Applied Optics 25, no. 23 (December 1, 1986): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.004280.

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6

Hudson, P. R. W. "High Technology Options for Sheep Shearing: Improved Shearing Devices." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 4 (December 1986): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500408.

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Wool production is a very important factor in the Australian economy, representing $3 billion in exports. Nevertheless, rising production costs and growing competition from manmade fibres necessitate increased attention to all aspects of productivity if the industry worldwide is to remain viable. As some 80 per cent of labour content is involved in harvesting wool, improvements in the shearing process potentially offer particular opportunities for economies. This article reviews the results of a widely based Australian research programme which has investigated the fundamental physics of wool severance, especially in terms of energy requirement, leading to improved design of shearing devices incorporating more efficient motors and novel cutter materials. Subsequent articles will review the process of automated mechanical shearing and chemical and biological defleecing.

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7

Omolayo, M. Ikumapayi, A. Afolalu Sunday, S. Fatoba Olawale, A. Kazeem Rasaq, A. Adetunla Adedotun, and O. Ongbali Samuel. "A Concise Study on Shearing Operation in Metal Forming." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901004.

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This study outlines the recent developments in metal forming processes, focusing mainly on the shearing process. A summary of the background of the shearing process is given to give perspective on how such a process has changed over time. It explains what shearing operations are and how the shearing process is operated in metal forming. While also outlining the difference between shearing, slitting, punching, notching, and blanking processes, and the advantages and disadvantages of the shearing process are detailed. Different types of modern shearing machines are documented. The ways of ensuring the optimal functionality of the shearing machine and how the shearing operation has improved the manufacturing products were scripted. Three cases were given on the recent advancement in the use of shearing operation. Recommendations on how to improve efficiency in shearing metal forming are specified with relevance to the theory and a conclusion is drawn.

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8

Mears, G. J., F. A. Brown, and L. R. Redmond. "Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-013.

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The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of handling and shearing on plasma cortisol and β-endorphin levels of ewes and to determine if adaptation to annual shearing occurred. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were determined during either handling only or handling plus shearing in 12 ewes previously exposed to annual shearing (1–4 times) and in 12 naïve ewes. The handling process consisted of four steps: 1) moving ewes from their quarters into the shearing room; 2) moving them in groups of four into a holding pen; 3) moving them in pairs to a shearing platform where they were up-ended and restrained as in shearing; and 4) moving them into another holding pen in the shearing room. Half of the ewes were sheared during step 3 of the handling process. Handling and shearing elevated (P < 0.0001) plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations, but the responses to the handling process and to the handling plus shearing process were similar (P > 0.1). Moving the ewes from their quarters to the shearing platform resulted in significantly higher plasma cortisol, which remained elevated for 60 min. Plasma β-endorphin was only transiently elevated after shearing was completed. Previous exposure to shearing enhanced the cortisol (P < 0.001) and β-endorphin (P < 0.05) responses to handling and shearing. Both responses were significantly greater and longer in the ewes sheared previously. The results indicate that the stress response to handling was equivalent to that of handling plus shearing, and that the stress response was much greater in ewes previously exposed to annual shearing. Key words: Cortisol, β-endorphin, negative adaptation, shearing, stress, ewes

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9

Willard, Berton C. "Rotational Shearing Interferometer." Applied Optics 32, no. 34 (December 1, 1993): 7118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.007118.

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10

Tuan, Le Zhuĭ, and V. K. Kirillovskiĭ. "Computerized shearing interferometer." Journal of Optical Technology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.75.000156.

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11

Okabe, Yuka, and Abraham P. Lee. "LCAT DNA Shearing." Journal of Laboratory Automation 19, no. 2 (April 2014): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068213495546.

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12

Boulanger, P., and M. Hayes. "On Jaeger Shearing." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 9, no. 3 (June 2004): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286504038469.

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13

Johnson, Bryan M. "Magnetohydrodynamic Shearing Waves." Astrophysical Journal 660, no. 2 (May 10, 2007): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/513867.

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14

Carr, Jay M. J. R., and Philip N. Ainslie. "Shearing the brain." Journal of Applied Physiology 129, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2020.

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15

Cai, L. Z., Q. Liu, Y. R. Wang, and X. L. Yang. "Photorefractive shearing interferometer." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 41, no. 3 (March 2004): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(02)00215-4.

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16

Paez, Gonzalo, Marija Strojnik, and Guillermo Garcia Torales. "Vectorial shearing interferometer." Applied Optics 39, no. 28 (October 1, 2000): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.005172.

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17

Li, Yu Gui, Fei Fan, Hai Lian Gui, and Quan Ye. "The Analysis of High-Speed Shearing Mechanic and Cross-Section about Sheet Metal." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3148.

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In the shearing process, these were many problems in shearing, the regularity of metal deformation of shearing was analyzed combined with theory of ductile damage and fracture mechanism of high-speed, the rules of factors which could be affected the shearing was analyzed on the velocity and shearing stress state. These theories would improve the shearing section.

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18

Hudson, P. R. W. "High Technology Options for Sheep Shearing: II – Automated Mechanical Shearing." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 1 (March 1987): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600103.

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In the first article of this trilogy [1], the cost-price squeeze facing the Australian woolgrower was advanced as the motivation for spending more than $3 million p.a. on the Australian Wool Harvesting Programme. The first article summarized the use of technology to improve wool severing devices. This article addresses the progress of a novel technology – the use of robots to shear sheep.

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19

Lau, Bernhard, Thorsten Kronthaler, and Ralf Schilling. "A microprism array as shearing device for speckle shearing interferometry." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 36, no. 4 (October 2001): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(01)00054-9.

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20

HIROTA, Kenji, Kazuyoshi KONDO, Hiroshi TERAYAMA, and Nobuyuki NAGAYASU. "Precision Shearing of Cast Materials by Opposed Dies Shearing Process." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 65, no. 634 (1999): 2549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.65.2549.

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21

Iwaasa, A. D., K. A. Beauchemin, S. N. Acharya, and J. G. Buchanan-Smith. "Assessment of stem shearing force for three alfalfa cultivars grown under dryland and irrigated conditions." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-025.

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The Ottawa Texture Measuring System was used to assess the shearing force of three alfalfa cultivars at similar physiological maturity. Shearing force of stems varied among growing conditions and shearing locations. A significant positive relationship was observed between shearing force and stem diameter. Shearing force may indicate stem fragility and provide a rationale for differences in forage breakdown during mastication. Key words: Alfalfa, Ottawa Texture Measuring System, Warner-Bratzler blade, physical property, shearing force

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22

Morris, S. T., S. N. McCutcheon, and D. K. Revell. "Birth weight responses to shearing ewes in early to mid gestation." Animal Science 70, no. 2 (April 2000): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054825.

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AbstractThis study compared the effect on foetal growth of shearing ewes in very early pregnancy (day 50) with the effect of shearing later in pregnancy (day 70 or 100). One hundred and sixty ewes were allocated at day 49 of pregnancy to four ‘time of shearing’ treatments — pregnancy day 50 (P50), P70, P100 (no. = 45 ewes per treatment) and unshorn (shearing of this group occurred 43 days after weaning) (no. = 25); two methods of shearing (by standard comb and cover comb); and two levels (1 or 2) of pregnancy/rearing rank. All ewes had been mated over a 28-day period and grazed pasture throughout the trial. The mid point of lambing was 27 August 1996. Live weights of ewes (corrected for fleece weight) were not influenced by shearing time at any stage except at day 45 of lactation when ewes shorn at P50, P70 or P100 were about 3⋅0 kg lighter than unshorn ewes. Shearing method had no effect on ewe live weight. Time of shearing and shearing method had no effect on ewe greasy fleece production or wool tensile strength. Shearing significantly (P < 0⋅05) influenced the birth weight of single- (by 0⋅7 to 0⋅8 kg) but not twin-born lambs. Maternal plasma triiodothyronine concentration increased proportionately by 0⋅47 to 0⋅85 (P < 0⋅05) and lasted for at least 20 days in response to shearing irrespective of time of shearing. No difference in plasma insulin concentration was detected between shearing groups but plasma glucose concentration proportionately increased by 0⋅06 to 0⋅16 (P < 0⋅05) for 10 to 20 days after shearing. These results indicate that shearing between day 50 and 100 of pregnancy can increase lamb birth weights and that the response is associated with an increase in thyroid hormone concentrations in the maternal circulation.

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23

Gao, Zhi Hua, Jun Xu, Guo Jun Liu, Zhi Feng Zhang, Men Gou Tang, Shao Ming Zhang, and Z. Fan. "Effect of Melt Intensive Homogenization on Solidification Microstructure of 7075 Aluminium Alloy by Twin-Screw Stirring." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.771.

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Intensive melt shearing achieved using a twin-screw machine was applied to the 7075 aluminum alloy melt to investigate its effects on grain refinement. Alloy melt without and with melt shearing was cast in the standard test procedure mould, and the effects of casting temperature, shearing time and shearing intensity on microstructures were analyzed. The results show that the intensive melt shearing exhibits superior grain refinement and remarkable structure homogeneity. Without shearing, the grain size increases significantly with the increase in pouring temperature, while with intensive melt shearing the grain size is finer at all the pouring temperatures tested with a reduced grain size dependence on the pouring temperature. With the shearing time or shearing intensity increasing, the grain size of the equiaxed primary α (Al) phase decreases on the sample microstructures, and the grain distributions trend to become more fine and non-dendritical.

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24

Iwaasa, A. D., K. A. Beauchemin, S. N. Acharya, and J. G. Buchanan-Smith. "Shearing force of alfalfa stems: effects of cultivar and shearing site." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-017.

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A 3-yr study was conducted to investigate the effect of shearing position on shearing force characteristics in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems and to evaluate the relationship between cell wall (CW) chemical constituents and stem shearing force. Stems from plots of 24 alfalfa cultivars were harvested from the second, third and fourth production years. Each stem was divided into three 16-cm segments: top, middle and bottom, and the force required to shear each segment was measured using a modified Ottawa Texture Measuring System. Cultivar by stem segment interactions were significant (P < 0.05) for stem diameter, weight and shearing force. The middle and bottom stem segments were the best sampling site to detect cultivar differences for shearing force. Stem diameter and weight were generally the variables most associated with shearing force for all three stem segments. However, shearing force characteristics for certain cultivars could not be entirely explained by stem diameter or weight and may be affected by CW chemical constituents and/or structural tissues. The ADL concentrations were not consistently correlated to shearing force at the top and bottom segments over the 3 yr. For the bottom stem segment a negative relationship (r = −0.42, P < 0.001) resulted between shearing force and hemicellulose, while a positive relationship (r = 0.40, P < 0.001) resulted between shearing force and cellulose. Key words: Cultivar, environment, shearing force, cell wall chemical constituents

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Iwaasa, A. D., K. A. Beauchemin, S. N. Acharya, and J. G. Buchanan-Smith. "Shearing force of alfalfa stems: Effects of genotype and year interactions." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-120.

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Shearing force of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems was measured to evaluate genotype-by-year interactions. Based on mean shearing force for each stem segment and genotype clustering criteria, several genotypes had similarly shearing forces among years. Therefore, selecting genotypes with desirable shearing force characteristics to improve digestibility or intake potential of forages may be possible. Key words: Genotype, environment, shearing force, cell wall chemical constituents

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26

Rudolph, C., J. Grabe, and I. Albrecht. "Simple shear tests with a varying shearing direction during cyclic shearing." Géotechnique Letters 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geolett.13.00088.

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27

Lin Chao, 林超, 钱晓凡 Qian Xiaofan, 饶帆 Rao Fan, 李斌 Li Bin, and 李兴华 Li Xinghua. "The Influence of Shearing Quantity Selection in Shearing Interferometry Noise Reduction." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 49, no. 3 (2012): 030901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop49.030901.

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28

HIROTA, Kenji, Kazuyoshi KONDO, Hiroshi TERAYAMA, and Nobuyuki NAGAYASU. "Precision Shearing of Cast Materials by the Opposed Dies Shearing Process." JSME International Journal Series C 43, no. 2 (2000): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.43.472.

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29

Trevelyan, James P. "Robots in the shearing shed: Automated shearing of sheep using robots." Advanced Robotics 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855387x00020.

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30

Iwata, Futoshi. "Shearing stress on the surface topography by scanning shearing stress microscopy." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 14, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.588728.

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31

Liu, Xiao Wen, and Xiao Mu Geng. "Microcosmic Deform Incoordination and the Law of Limiting Strength Release during Shearing Failure of Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1188.

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Concrete is a sort of inhomogeneous and discontinuous diverse mixture, it has very complicated interior structure and working mechanism[1,2]. But the research about concrete constitutive relation and strength theory was based on the condition of concrete continuity. The law for microcosmic deform during concrete destroy was little considered[3]. Mechanism of shearing failure was researched through concrete sample’s experiment to explored interior microcosmic disharmony and the law of limiting strength release in this paper. Shearing experiments of concrete show shearing displacements of various local district in shearing surface during shearing have apparent discrepancy from beginning to end. This discrepancy leads to destroy of shearing surface from one local to another local and brings course of shearing limiting strength release discontinuous, one-off and non-instantaneous.

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32

Ma, Jianquan, Xiaojie Zhao, Shibo Li, and Zhao Duan. "Effects of High Shearing Rates on the Shear Behavior of Saturated Loess Using Ring Shear Tests." Geofluids 2021 (September 10, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6527788.

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The shear behavior of saturated loess was examined by performing a series of ring shear tests with different shearing rates. The effects of shearing rates on the shear behavior of saturated loess with different normal stress are presented and discussed. The results showed that peak shear strength and steady-state shear strength were greater when the shearing rate was low and vice versa. Compared with high and low shearing rates, the maximum strength reduction ratios of peak shear strength and steady-state shear strength were 34.2% and 37.2%, respectively. The axial displacement during shearing was measured and was found to increase with increasing shear displacement in all tests. A comparison of sample height reduction (when the shear rate was stopped) found that the low shearing rate test sample underwent a much greater reduction than the high shearing rate test sample; however, the variation reduction range was within 4 mm. Monitoring the pore-water pressure during the shearing process revealed that it increased with shear displacement, and a higher excess pore-water pressure was generated within the shear zone during the fast-shearing process. Comparing the particle size distribution of the samples after the test and the original sample showed that the particles were crushed during the shearing process. The percentage that was finer than 0.005 mm increased with shearing rates and normal stress, and the soil structure implosion became more pronounced with increasing normal stress.

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Chen, Xiao An, Shun Cheng Song, and Ting Hui Wang. "Measurements of Shearing Property of High N Alloy Steel at Super High Strain Rates." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.42.

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In order to obtain the dynamic shearing property of high N alloy steel, the plugging test was performed by using the improved Hopkinson pressure bar system. As dynamic shearing strengths, the dynamic shearing energies during plugging process of two type high N alloy steels were determined from the shearing constitutive relationship at different super high strain rates. According to the theory of dislocation dynamics in Seeger equation, a dynamic shearing damage constitutive relationship was established and the different parameters of this material were determined by using the curve fitting method. The measured results indicated that the dynamic shearing property of high N alloy steel could be obtained effectively by the improved Hopkinson pressure bar system, and the effects of strain rate could be simulated by dynamic shearing damage constitutive relationship.

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Hinesley, L. Eric, and Scott A. Derby. "Shearing Date Affects Growth and Quality of Fraser Fir Christmas Trees." HortScience 39, no. 5 (August 2004): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.5.1020.

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Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees were sheared once annually over 4 years on dates ranging from July to March. Shearing reduced total tree growth. Trees sheared in July and August had the highest quality and retail value. Early shearing (July and August) yielded fewer leaders, longer leaders, and 35% to 66% more internodal branches on the leader, compared to later shearing (September through March). Early shearing also yielded more second-order laterals, followed by greater elongation of those laterals. Shearing late into the fall yielded progressively fewer branches, with the minimum in October. Shearing in March gave a little better results than October, but neither date was as good as July or August. In one experiment, two types of residual tip buds (bubble and whisker) were compared as future leaders. Differences in length and straightness of leaders derived from whisker and bubble buds were considered negligible in commercial shearing practice. The ratio of adaxial and abaxial buds on the proximal portion of the leader was about 1:1, and showed little change with shearing date. Distance from the base of the leader to the first abaxial branch also showed little variation among shearing dates.

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Su, Zhen Fa, Guo Qin Huang, Hui Huang, Hua Guo, and Xi Peng Xu. "Measurement of Forces in Shearing Brazed Diamonds." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.38.

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In order to assess the bonding of brazing alloys to diamonds, an investigation was conducted to measure the forces while shearing brazed diamonds. A device was designed to shear diamonds and shearing forces were recorded under different brazing parameters. The morphologies of diamonds were followed before and after shearing. It is found that the shearing force reduces with the increase of grit protrusion height. For specific grit protrusion, shearing forces decrease with the increase of holding time in brazing.

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Li, Ai Hua, and Hong Yu Liu. "Three Dimensional Model Construction and Strength Finite Element Analysis of Cold Shearing Machine Crankshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.95.

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Cold shearing machine is the machine equipment often used in metallurgical industry to shear head, tail and fixed length of rolled piece. The shearing movement of cold shearing machine can be realized by crankshaft driving link rod with relative up-and-down motion. Load on crankshaft is comparatively big. In this paper, cold shearing machine crankshaft was taken as an example. The three dimensional model of relative cold shearing machine crankshaft was constructed by SolidWorks software. Strength finite element analyses on relative model were made by static analysis module attached to SolidWorks software under maximum load working conditions. The overall displacement distribution pictures and overall Von Mises stress distribution pictures of cold shearing machine crankshaft under relative load working conditions were obtained. This research provides important reference base for the design and reform of cold shearing machine crankshaft.

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37

Wang, Zhihua, Yunfei Xu, Yi Zhao, Zhimin Li, Yang Liu, and Jiajun Hong. "Role of Shearing Dispersion and Stripping in Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipelines." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2019): 4325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224325.

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Wax deposition during crude oil transmission can cause a series of negative effects and lead to problems associated with pipeline safety. A considerable number of previous works have investigated the wax deposition mechanism, inhibition technology, and remediation methods. However, studies on the shearing mechanism of wax deposition have focused largely on the characterization of this phenomena. The role of the shearing mechanism on wax deposition has not been completely clarified. This mechanism can be divided into the shearing dispersion effect caused by radial migration of wax particles and the shearing stripping effect caused by hydrodynamic scouring. From the perspective of energy analysis, a novel wax deposition model was proposed that considered the flow parameters of waxy crude oil in pipelines instead of its rheological parameters. Considering the two effects of shearing dispersion and shearing stripping coexist, with either one of them being the dominant mechanism, a shearing dispersion flux model and a shearing stripping model were established. Furthermore, a quantitative method to distinguish between the roles of shearing dispersion and shearing stripping in wax deposition was developed. The results indicated that the shearing mechanism can contribute an average of approximately 10% and a maximum of nearly 30% to the wax deposition process. With an increase in the oil flow rate, the effect of the shearing mechanism on wax deposition is enhanced, and its contribution was demonstrated to be negative; shear stripping was observed to be the dominant mechanism. A critical flow rate was observed when the dominant effect changes. When the oil flow rate is lower than the critical flow rate, the shearing dispersion effect is the dominant effect; its contribution rate increases with an increase in the oil flow temperature. When the oil flow rate is higher than the critical flow rate, the shearing stripping effect is the dominant effect; its contribution rate increases with an increase in the oil flow temperature. This understanding can be used to design operational parameters of the actual crude oil pipelines and address the potential flow assurance problems. The results of this study are of great significance for understanding the wax deposition theory of crude oil and accelerating the development of petroleum industry pipelines.

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Kemp, R. A., S. F. Lane, and Y. M. Berger. "Effects of shearing and prebreeding ram exposure on days to first mark and pregnancy rate of ewe lambs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-106.

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Crossbred ewe lambs were used to examine effects of shearing and prebreeding ram exposure on age at puberty and pregnancy rate. Shearing did not significantly affect age at puberty or growth rate of ewe lambs. Prebreeding ram exposure and/or shearing did not influence pregnancy rate. Key words: Shearing, ram exposure, pregnancy rate, growth

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Asfino Putra, Okri, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Ryohei Ishikura, Adel Alowaisy, and Yuko Kawaguchi. "Mechanical behaviour of unsaturated undisturbed black volcanic ash soil under static and cyclic loading." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199207004.

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The mechanical behaviour of unsaturated undisturbed black volcanic ash soils was investigated using a constant volume direct shear apparatus. A series of static and cyclic tests were conducted under unsaturated and saturated samples. The cyclic test under two patterns were adopted. First type of pattern, cyclic one-sided shearing was applied. For the second type, two-sided shearing was conducted. For further understanding of the chemical content and microstructure, X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were evaluated. It was found that, under static shearing, the unsaturated sample exhibits a higher apparent cohesion and friction angle in comparison to the saturated sample. The normalized vertical stress under one-sided cyclic shearing in both overconsolidated and normally consolidated samples rapidly reduced at the beginning of shearing. This might be attributed to increase of the pore water pressure during shearing. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the normalized shear stress under cyclic one-sided and two-sided shearing. For the two-sided cyclic shearing test, the normalized shear stress value is higher than the one-sided cyclic shearing test. In addition, the normalized shear stress under unsaturated condition is significantly larger. This can be related to the suction forces to the total strength of soils. The main chemical content of the black volcanic ash soil is allophane. Further, the microstructure of the black volcanic ash changes due to shearing. For the overconsolidated sample, particles of soil more severe damage than normally consolidated sample.

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Deng, Zhi Heng, Yi Liao, Chao Lou Meng, and Hai Feng Yang. "Experimental Study on the Shearing Property of Equal Strength Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1420.

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For the purpose of studying the difference between recycled concrete and ordinary concrete on shearing property under the circumstance of equal strength, nine recycled concrete beams, which have equal altitude and varying width, have been produced by using different replacement rates of 0%, 50% and 100% respectively to test their shear performance. The differences between recycled concrete and ordinary concrete on shearing strength, shearing strain and constitutive relation were analyzed in this paper. The study indicates that with the same compressive strength, there is only a slight difference between recycled concrete and ordinary concrete on shearing strength. The shearing strength of the recycled concrete is similar to the tensile strength of the ordinary concrete. Recycled concretes peak value increases as shearing strength increases. The stress-strain curve of recycled concrete is similar to that of the ordinary concrete. Its shear modulus increases when shearing strength increases.

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Karabacak, Ali, and Yasin Altay. "Entansif Besideki Kuzuların Bazı Besi Performansına Kırkımın Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.84-88.3722.

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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shearing on fattening performance characteristics of Akkaraman and Awassi lambs that were fattened intensively. 10 Akkaraman and 8 Awassi male lambs were used in the study. During the fattening period, the animals were given 150 g of dried alfalfa and concentrated feed ad-libitum. In the study, Akkaraman and Awassi lambs were divided into two experimental groups as shearing and non-shearing. The total weight gains, daily live weight gains, feed consumptions and feed conservation coefficients of lambs before and after shearing were 8.017 kg, 286 g, 47.14 kg and 5.945 and 8.606 kg, 307 g, 42.21 kg and 5.029, respectively. On the other hand, total live weight gain of lambs without shearing was 7.802 kg, daily live weight gain was 279 g, feed consumption was 42.06 kg and feed conservation coefficient were 6.00. As a result of the study, the differences between some fattening performance means of shearing and non-shearing groups were statistically insignificant.

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Sasaki, A., A. Katsumata, F. Iwata, and H. Aoyama. "Scanning shearing‐stress microscope." Applied Physics Letters 64, no. 1 (January 3, 1994): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110899.

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TANAKA, Toru, Seiya HAGIHARA, and Takanobu MORI. "Simulation of Shearing Process." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 55, no. 638 (2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.55.195.

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KIMURA, Shigeki. "Lubricants for Shearing Process." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 55, no. 638 (2014): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.55.209.

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Griffin, DeVon W. "Phase-shifting shearing interferometer." Optics Letters 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.26.000140.

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Urbańczyk, Wacław. "Highly sensitive shearing interferometer." Applied Optics 27, no. 5 (March 1, 1988): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.27.000973.

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Klepaczko, J. R. "Remarks on impact shearing." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 46, no. 10 (October 1998): 2139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5096(98)00025-8.

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Taylor, Lesli, and Moritz Ziegler. "THE DUODENOJEJUNAL SHEARING INJURY." Pediatric Emergency Care 5, no. 4 (December 1989): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-198912000-00079.

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Dai, Fulong, and Jing Fang. "Polarized shearing Moiré interferometry." Optics Communications 65, no. 6 (March 1988): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(88)90114-9.

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Tanner, Roger I., and Fuzhong Qi. "Stretching, shearing and solidification." Chemical Engineering Science 64, no. 22 (November 2009): 4576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.04.007.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shearing'

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