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Journal articles on the topic 'Shear thickening fluids'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Gürgen, Selim. "An investigation on composite laminates including shear thickening fluid under stab condition." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 8 (August 22, 2018): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318796158.

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Shear thickening fluids have been extensively utilized in composite laminate structures to enhance the impact resistance in the last decade. Despite the contribution of shear thickening fluids to the protective systems, the mechanism behind the energy absorption behavior of shear thickening fluids is not fully understood. In the present study, various configurations of composite laminates were prepared and these structures were investigated under low velocity stab conditions. Contrary to the common idea of shear thickening fluid impregnation for fabrics, shear thickening fluids were used in bulk form and by means of this, pure contribution of shear thickening behavior to the energy absorption was investigated. To hold the bulk shear thickening fluids in the composite laminates, Lantor Soric SF honeycomb layers were filled with shear thickening fluids and Twaron fabrics were plied in the structures as the reinforcement. As a result of this study, it is stated that shear thickening behavior is insufficient to effectively improve the energy absorption performance of composite laminates; however, shear thickening fluids are beneficial to fabric based composites because the inter-yarn friction of fabrics is enhanced using shear thickening fluids as an impregnation agent rather than a bulk form.

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2

Wang, Lijuan, Kejing Yu, Diantang Zhang, and Kun Qian. "The cut resistant characteristics of organic high-performance yarns and STF/yarns." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 10 (November 20, 2018): 1317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718811091.

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This paper mainly investigated the cut resistant property of shear thickening fluid enhanced organic high-performance yarn. Cut tests of neat yarn and shear thickening fluids/yarn were performed with two cutting angles. External forces involved in the cutting were analyzed. A simple theoretical relation was established based on the principle of the energy conversion. Two types of shear thickening fluids were prepared. Compared to neat yarn, the shear thickening fluids/yarn exhibited extremely high cut resistant property, especially, shear thickening fluids/yarn with graphene, indicating a synergistic effect. Fracture surfaces of fibers after yarns cut off were initially studied, which verified the cut resistant characteristics of organic high-performance yarns and shear thickening fluids/yarn.

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3

Wei, Minghai, Li Sun, Peipei Qi, Chunguang Chang, and Chunyang Zhu. "Continuous phenomenological modeling for the viscosity of shear thickening fluids." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 8 (January 1, 2018): 184798041878655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980418786551.

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In general, shear thickening fluids show a marked increase in viscosity beyond a critical shear rate, which can be attributed to the hydrodynamic clustering effects, where in any external energy acting on a shear thickening fluid is dissipated quickly. However, there is a lack of theoretical modeling to predict the viscosity curve of shear thickening fluids, which changes continuously with the increasing shear rate. In this article, a phenomenological continuous viscosity modeling for a class of shear thickening fluids is proposed. The modeling predicts shear thickening and thinning behaviors that are naturally exhibited by shear thickening fluids for high and high enough values of the shear rate. The result shows that the phenomenological modeling provides a very good fit for several independent experimental data sets. Therefore, the proposed modeling can be used in numerical simulations and theoretical analysis across different engineering fields.

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4

Wang, Ruining, Ying Zhou, Qiushi Wang, Runjun Sun, Xiaoya Jia, and Mingyue Tian. "The influence of carbon nanotube addition on the shear-thickening performance of suspensions." Thermal Science 27, no. 3 Part A (2023): 1787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2303787w.

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The shear thickening fluid as a protective material has received increasing attention, and its impact resistance and its rheological properties are controllable by integrating various kinds of additives to a single phase shear thickening fluid. In this paper, the rheological properties of shear thickening fluids with 26 wt.% fume silica, PEG200 and different mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes are investigated, and the effect of temperature from -5?C to 55?C on steady state rheological properties of 1.0 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced shear thickening fluids is studied. Finally a single yarn pull-out test is conducted to examine the influence of multi-shear thickening fluid on the shear strength and inter-yarn friction of fabrics. The results show that the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes can improve significantly the viscosity and shear thickening efficiency.

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5

Ali, N., Y. Wang, T. Hayat, and M. Oberlack. "Numerical solution of peristaltic transport of an Oldroyd 8-constant fluid in a circular cylindrical tube." Canadian Journal of Physics 87, no. 9 (September 2009): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p09-081.

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The present paper is concerned with the peristaltic flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in circular cylindrical tube. Long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations are adopted in the problem definition. The non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid is characterized by the constitutive equation of an Oldroyd 8-constant fluid. The governing nonlinear equation and boundary conditions are solved numerically by a suitable finite-difference method with an iterative scheme. It is seen that shear-thinning and shear-thickening phenomena can be explained through the chosen fluid model. The interaction of shear-thinning and shear-thickening effects with peristaltic motion is studied in detail with particular focus on the basic features of peristalsis such as flow characteristics, pumping characteristics, and trapping. It is found that pressure rise per wavelength against which peristalsis has to work as a positive displacement pump decreases in going from shear-thickening to shear-thinning fluids. Moreover, for strong shear-thinning fluids trapping does not appear. However, a trapped bolus occurs for a weak shear-thinning fluid and its size increases as the fluid is changing from shear thinning towards weak shear thickening. For strong shear-thickening fluids such increase in the size and circulation of bolus stops.

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6

Wang, Yan, Shu Kui Li, and Xin Ya Feng. "The Ballistic Performance of Multi-Layer Kevlar Fabrics Impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 782 (August 2015): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.782.153.

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This study investigates the ballistic penetration performance of aramid fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. The ballistic test was conducted at impact velocity of 445 m/s, and three types of shear thickening fluids prepared with silica particles of different sizes (200nm, 340nm and 480nm) are involved. The results demonstrate an enhancement in ballistic properties of fabric due to the impregnation of shear thickening fluids. The fabrics with smaller particle size show better ballistic performance. Microscopic observation of aramid fabric reveals that shear thickening fluids with smaller silica particles have a better adhesion on and between yarns, enhancinging the coupling effect between yarns. The corresponding mechanism was discussed in the paper.

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7

Selver, Erdem. "Tensile and flexural properties of glass and carbon fibre composites reinforced with silica nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 6 (January 28, 2019): 809–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719827368.

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This paper attempts to show the effect of silica nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol mixture (shear thickening fluids) on tensile and flexural properties (3-point bending) of glass and carbon fibre-reinforced thermoset composite laminates. The shear thickening fluids were prepared by combination of silica nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol using various silica contents (10–20 wt%). A viscometer was used to evaluate the shear thickening characteristics and viscosity of shear thickening fluids increased by increasing the silica content. Shear thickening fluids were impregnated on the host of glass and carbon fabrics and subsequently converted to composite laminates using vacuum infusion method with an epoxy matrix. It was found that shear thickening fluids-treated carbon and glass fabric composites exhibited up to 10% and 12% higher tensile strength than neat composites whilst the tensile modulus increased about 24%. Shear thickening fluids-treated fabric composites exhibited slower damage propagation compared to brittle nature of untreated fabric composites. However, lower flexural strength with higher energy absorption (up to 27%) were obtained after using shear thickening fluids for both carbon and glass fibre composites.

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8

Bouchendouka, Abdellah, Zine El Abiddine Fellah, Zakaria Larbi, Zineeddine Louna, Erick Ogam, Mohamed Fellah, and Claude Depollier. "Fractal Analysis of a Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in a Rough-Walled Pipe." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103700.

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The fully developed laminar flow of a viscous non-Newtonian fluid in a rough-walled pipe is considered. The fluid rheology is described by the power–law model (covering shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear thickening fluids). The rough surface of the pipe is considered to be fractal, and the surface roughness is measured using surface fractal dimensions. The main focus of this study lies in the theoretical investigation of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the velocity profile and the Darcy friction factor of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid. The plotted results demonstrate that shear thinning fluids are the most sensitive to the surface roughness compared with Newtonian and shear thickening fluids. For a particular value of the surface fractal dimension, there exists an intersection point where shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear thickening fluids behave the same way regarding the amplitude of the velocity profile and the friction factor. This approach has a variety of potential applications, for instance fluid dynamics in hydrology, blood flow in the cardiovascular system, and many industrial applications.

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9

Evans, G. T. "Shear thinning vs shear thickening in associating fluids." Journal of Chemical Physics 108, no. 4 (January 22, 1998): 1570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475528.

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10

Li, Wei Hua, and Xian Zhou Zhang. "Rheology of Magnetorheological Shear Thickening Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.161.

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This paper presents fabrication and characterizing of a new functional material, magnetorheological shear thickening fluid (MRSTF), by mixing micron-sized magnetizable particles with nano-sized silica particle based shear thickening fluid. Dynamic properties of the MRSTF were characterized by using a parallel-plate rheometer. The effects of steady-state shear rate and magnetic field on MRSTF rheological properties were addressed. The suspension shows an abrupt increase in complex viscosity beyond a critical dynamic shear rate and a magnetic field controllable characteristic, as well as reversible.

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11

Wei, Minghai, Kun Lin, and Li Sun. "Shear thickening fluids and their applications." Materials & Design 216 (April 2022): 110570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110570.

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12

Scirocco, Rossella, Jan Vermant, and Jan Mewis. "Shear thickening in filled Boger fluids." Journal of Rheology 49, no. 2 (March 2005): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.1849185.

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13

Zhang, Xianzhou, Weihua Li, and Xinglong Gong. "Thixotropy of MR shear-thickening fluids." Smart Materials and Structures 19, no. 12 (November 11, 2010): 125012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/19/12/125012.

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14

Fan, Zenghua, Yebing Tian, Qiang Zhou, and Chen Shi. "A magnetic shear thickening media in magnetic field–assisted surface finishing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 6-7 (January 21, 2020): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419896119.

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A novel surface finishing method named magnetic shear thickening finishing that combines the intelligent shear thickening fluids and magnetic field action is proposed. The magnetic shear thickening finishing media, which is a combination of carbonyl iron particles and SiC particles in a base medium of shear thickening fluids, is developed. The finishing processes were experimentally characterized to verify the performance potential of the proposed method and developed magnetic shear thickening finishing media. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed media is effective for surface finishing compared with finishing media without shear thickening fluids. The surface roughness value of the testing sample was reduced to 54 nm from an initial value of 1.17 μm. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the scratches were removed obviously and a smooth surface was obtained.

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15

Wierzbicki, Łukasz, and Marcin Leonowicz. "Composition – Property Relations in Shear Thickening Fluids." Advances in Science and Technology 87 (October 2014): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.87.91.

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It was shown that fumed silica particles (FS), dispersed in polypropylene glycol (PPG), form shear thickening fluids (STF). PPGs with different molar mass were tested. The best combination of the properties (high viscosity, obtained at high shear rate) present the fluids composed of 7 nm FS and PPG 425. The highest volume fraction of FS, which was possible to disperse in PPG 425, was 25%. This fluid exhibited the highest viscosity. The highest magnitude of shear thickening effect was obtained, however, for 17.5 vol.% of the solid phase. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiments were conducted at either a constant amplitude or frequency. The constant strain amplitude tests showed, that for the frequency sweep, the systems showed viscous properties, except that of 25 vol.% of FS in PPG 425, which exhibited elastic properties in almost entire range of the frequency investigated. For the constant strain sweep, for low strains, the elastic modulus and loss modulus were hardly dependent on the strain, but for relatively high strain, this dependency was increasing. Also the complex viscosity was also growing for high strain values.

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16

Yu, Liyan, and John Hinch. "Drops of power-law fluids falling on a coated vertical fibre." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 751 (June 19, 2014): 184–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.301.

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AbstractWe study the solitary wave solutions in a thin film of a power-law fluid coating a vertical fibre. Different behaviours are observed for shear-thickening and shear-thinning fluids. For shear-thickening fluids, the solitary waves are larger and faster when the reduced Bond number is smaller. For shear-thinning fluids, two branches of solutions exist for a certain range of the Bond number, where the solitary waves are larger and faster on one and smaller and slower on the other as the Bond number decreases. We carry out an asymptotic analysis for the large and fast-travelling solitary waves to explain how their speeds and amplitudes change with the Bond number. The analysis is then extended to examine the stability of the two branches of solutions for the shear-thinning fluids.

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17

Hasan-nezhad, Hossein, Mojtaba Yazdani, Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi, and Mohsen Jeddi. "Mechanical behavior of 3D GFRP composite with pure and treated shear thickening fluid matrix subject to quasi-static puncture and shear impact loading." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 26 (May 4, 2020): 3933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320922288.

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In this study, a new low-velocity shear impact test was introduced to carefully investigate the resistance of 3D E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with shear thickening fluid matrix. The shear thickening fluids were prepared by dispersing silica nano-particles in polyethylene glycol. Pure shear thickening fluid was modified by treating the silica surface with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Despite the low-velocity shear impact test, various experimental tests such as yarn pull-out, quasi-static puncture, flexibility and thickness tests were carried out to study the mechanical behavior of the composites. Results revealed the treated shear thickening fluid up to 60 wt% improves the performance of the impregnated samples against the yarn pull-out and puncture tests by 353% and 45%, respectively, and their shear impact resistance by 130% compared to the neat cases without noticeably affecting the fabric flexibility.

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18

Jiang, Jile, YingDan Liu, Lei Shan, Xiangjun Zhang, Yonggang Meng, Hyoung Jin Choi, and Yu Tian. "Shear thinning and shear thickening characteristics in electrorheological fluids." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/1/015003.

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19

Wang, Zi Guo, Zhi Wu Yu, Yu Yan Sun, and Qing Yuan Li. "Characterization and Application of Shear Thickening Fluids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2503.

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The shear thickening phenomenon was explained in this paper. The characteristics of shear thickening fluids (STFs), including reversibility and liquid to solid transition at critical shear rate were presented. Also, the applications of STFs for protective clothing and equipment were discussed. Since little references can be found which concern the effect of interparticle forces like Van der Waals forces on the performance of cementitious materials subjected to impact loading, understanding the mechanism of STF and knowing how its structure affects the properties, behaviors, and resulting applications is expected to inspire potential designs for building cementitious materials.

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20

Ding, Jie, Weihua Li, and Shirley Z. Shen. "Research and Applications of Shear Thickening Fluids." Recent Patents on Materials Sciencee 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874464811104010043.

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21

Ding, Jie, Weihua Li, and Shirley Z. Shen. "Research and Applications of Shear Thickening Fluids." Recent Patents on Materials Science 4, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874465611104010043.

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22

Evans, Denis J., and Gary P. Morriss. "Shear Thickening and Turbulence in Simple Fluids." Physical Review Letters 56, no. 20 (May 19, 1986): 2172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.56.2172.

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23

Rendos, Abigail, Stephanie Woodman, Kevin McDonald, Tommaso Ranzani, and Keith A. Brown. "Shear thickening prevents slip in magnetorheological fluids." Smart Materials and Structures 29, no. 7 (June 5, 2020): 07LT02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab8b2e.

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24

Turcio, M., A. E. Chávez, J. E. López-Aguilar, R. O. Vargas, A. Capella, and O. Manero. "Dissipative structures in shear-thickening complex fluids." Physics of Fluids 30, no. 11 (November 2018): 114104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5051768.

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25

Kilbride, Peter, Marina Vazquez Rull, Adam Townsend, Helen Wilson, and John Morris. "Shear-thickening fluids in biologically relevant agents." Biorheology 56, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bir-180196.

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26

LI, Weihua, Masami NAKANO, Tongfei TIAN, Atsushi TOTSUKA, and Chuichiro SATO. "Viscoelastic properties of MR shear thickening fluids." Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (2014): JFST0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jfst.2014jfst0019.

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27

Tian, Tongfei, Masami Nakano, and Weihua Li. "Applications of shear thickening fluids: a review." International Journal of Hydromechatronics 1, no. 2 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhm.2018.092733.

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28

Li, Weihua, Tongfei Tian, and Masami Nakano. "Applications of shear thickening fluids: a review." International Journal of Hydromechatronics 1, no. 2 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhm.2018.10014047.

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29

Pais, Vânia, Pedro Silva, João Bessa, Hernâni Dias, Maria Helena Duarte, Fernando Cunha, and Raul Fangueiro. "Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102065.

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Low-velocity impact can cause serious damage to the person or structure that is hit. The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed situation. Auxetic materials and shear thickening fluids are two types of technologies that have great capabilities to absorb high levels of energy when an impact happens. Accordingly, within this study, the combination of auxetic knits with shear thickening fluids by the pad-dry-cure process was investigated. It was observed that, by applying knits with auxetic patterns produced with denser materials and combined with the shear thickening fluids, high performance in terms of absorbed energy from puncture impact is obtained. The increment rates obtained are higher than 100% when comparing the structures with and without shear thickening fluids.

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30

Bouchendouka, Abdellah, Zine El Abiddine Fellah, Zakaria Larbi, Nicholas O. Ongwen, Erick Ogam, Mohamed Fellah, and Claude Depollier. "Flow of a Self-Similar Non-Newtonian Fluid Using Fractal Dimensions." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6100582.

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In this paper, the study of the fully developed flow of a self-similar (fractal) power-law fluid is presented. The rheological way of behaving of the fluid is modeled utilizing the Ostwald–de Waele relationship (covering shear-thinning, Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids). A self-similar (fractal) fluid is depicted as a continuum in a noninteger dimensional space. Involving vector calculus for the instance of a noninteger dimensional space, we determine an analytical solution of the Cauchy equation for the instance of a non-Newtonian self-similar fluid flow in a cylindrical pipe. The plot of the velocity profile obtained shows that the rheological behavior of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid is essentially impacted by its self-similar structure. A self-similar shear thinning fluid and a self-similar Newtonian fluid take on a shear-thickening way of behaving, and a self-similar shear-thickening fluid becomes more shear thickening. This approach has many useful applications in industry, for the investigation of blood flow and fractal fluid hydrology.

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31

Santos, Thiago F., Caroliny M. Santos, Rubens T. Fonseca, Kátia M. Melo, Marcos S. Aquino, Fernando R. Oliveira, and José I. Medeiros. "Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 24 (April 7, 2020): 3515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320916231.

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Use of colloidal silica suspensions impregnated in Kevlar® fabrics is new avant-garde of protection equipment for stab wounds and piercing objects. Kevlar® fabrics impregnated with non-Newtonian fluids have been used for protection against sharp blows, mainly due to their lightweight, good flexibility, and superior resistance properties. The aims of this investigation are to demonstrate that Kevlar® fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluids could be improved its performance through the use Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, as well as by increasing the concentration of silica nanoparticles in its composition. Friction tests on yarns showed that Kevlar® yarns with shear thickening fluids (sample C3—25% Silica and 75%polyethylene glycol with 38% aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), presented higher strength values (10.5 N) when compared with other samples. Impact resistance tests showed that Kevlar® samples with highest concentration shear thickening fluids nanoparticles and oriented fabric layers (C3 OR) presented better performance regarding to penetration depth of stabs P1 (17 mm), S1 (18 mm) and as well as residual energy dissipation, when compared with the standard and other samples. Addition of shear thickening fluids cause reduction in the flexibility of the Kevlar® fabrics, producing sample with 42.74% less flexibility than the standard sample (C3). Adhesion tests for C3 samples exhibited more stable wettability and spreading rate, i.e., a greater adhesion of shear thickening fluids in Kevlar® fabrics than other samples due to its composition (higher concentration of nanoparticles and superior amount of silane agent). Finally, results showed that the shear thickening fluids composition as well as Kevlar® layers orientation should be used to improve the performance of Kevlar® fabrics under impact tests.

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32

Passey, Pavni, Mansi Singh, Sanjeev K. Verma, Debarati Bhattacharya, and Rajeev Mehta. "Steady shear and dynamic strain thickening of halloysite nanotubes and fumed silica shear thickening composite." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 10 (November 27, 2018): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0043.

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Abstract Developing the shear thickening fluids (STF) which can be used for soft body armours requires an in depth study of various parameters related to its constituents so that a high critical viscosity along with high critical shear rate can be obtained. Shape of the constituting particles is one such important parameter. Elongated and nanosize particles provide high critical viscosity to the fluid, whereas spherical particles show high critical shear rates. STF were prepared using halloysite (Hal) nanotubes of different concentrations with fumed silica (spheres) and their rheological properties were studied. A better non-flocculated structure was obtained at 1% Hal in 20% fumed silica composition, exhibiting a critical viscosity of 25 Pas at a critical shear rate 160 s−1 as compared to that of only spherical particle STF (10 Pas and 200 s−1). The oscillatory tests revealed that this composition, with a better consistent reproducible behaviour and better stability than the STF without Hal, would be suitable as a high impact resistant material. Gel formation does not take place, rather the fluid behaves like a dispersed sol, making it a better choice for using with protective fabrics. The rheology was studied at different temperatures ranging from 0°C to 55°C.

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33

He, Caiting, Qiushi Wang, Xiaoya Jia, Jie Liu, Runjun Sun, and Meiyu Chen. "Synthesis and properties of SiO₂/SiO₂@Ag two-phase STFs." RSC Advances 13, no. 5 (2023): 3112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06895h.

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34

Salehin, Rofiques, Rong-Guang Xu, and Stefanos Papanikolaou. "Colloidal Shear-Thickening Fluids Using Variable Functional Star-Shaped Particles: A Molecular Dynamics Study." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 6867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226867.

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Complex colloidal fluids, depending on constituent shapes and packing fractions, may have a wide range of shear-thinning and/or shear-thickening behaviors. An interesting way to transition between different types of such behavior is by infusing complex functional particles that can be manufactured using modern techniques such as 3D printing. In this paper, we perform 2D molecular dynamics simulations of such fluids with infused star-shaped functional particles, with a variable leg length and number of legs, as they are infused in a non-interacting fluid. We vary the packing fraction (ϕ) of the system, and for each different system, we apply shear at various strain rates, turning the fluid into a shear-thickened fluid and then, in jammed state, rising the apparent viscosity of the fluid and incipient stresses. We demonstrate the dependence of viscosity on the functional particles’ packing fraction and we show the role of shape and design dependence of the functional particles towards the transition to a shear-thickening fluid.

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35

Hao, Xiang, Zejian Leng, Hairong Wang, Feng Peng, and Qiang Yan. "CO2-switchable non-Newtonian fluids." Green Chemistry 22, no. 12 (2020): 3784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00877j.

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36

Nuampakdee, Natnicha, Sujarinee Sinchai, and Chaiwut Gamonpilas. "Effect of Alumina Addition on the Rheological Behavior of Shear Thickening Fluids." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.331.

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Shear thickening fluids (STF) have attracted much attention in many applications including body armor. In this study, suspensions of silica colloidal particles and polyethylene glycol fluid were prepared at varying volume fractions φ = 0.3 to 0.52 and their rheological behavior was investigated. It was found that the suspensions exhibited a Newtonian behavior for φ < 0.4, whilst a shear thinning followed by a thickening behavior could clearly be observed for φ > 0.4. Furthermore, the critical shear rates for the onset of shear thickening was found to decrease with increasing silica volume fraction but the corresponding critical shear stresses were independent of the volume fraction. To improve the ballistic protective performance, small amount of hard material particles, such as alumina, were added into the silica suspension of φ = 0.5. It was shown that the critical shear rates of the reinforced-STFs decreased with increasing volume fraction and decreasing alumina particle size. However, higher thickening ratio was observed for the alumina additive with agglomerated structure and this ratio increased with increasing alumina volume fraction.

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37

Shende, Takshak, Vahid J. Niasar, and Masoud Babaei. "An empirical equation for shear viscosity of shear thickening fluids." Journal of Molecular Liquids 325 (March 2021): 115220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115220.

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38

Baharvandi, Hamid Reza, Peiman Khaksari, Morteza Alebouyeh, Masoud Alizadeh, Jalal Khojasteh, and Naser Kordani. "Investigating the quasi-static puncture resistance of p-aramid nanocomposite impregnated with the shear thickening fluid." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 33, no. 22 (October 9, 2014): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684414554635.

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The effect of impregnating p-aramid fabrics with shear thickening fluids on their quasi-static puncture resistance performance has been investigated. To prepare the shear thickening fluid, 12 and 60-nm silica particles have been dispersed in polyethylene glycol by means of mechanical mixing. The results of rheological tests indicate that the reduction of particle size leads to the increase of suspension viscosity, increase of critical shear rate, and the diminishing of the frequency of transition to elastic state for the shear thickening fluids. Samples of p-aramid impregnated fabrics were subjected to the quasi-static puncture resistance test according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6264. The quasi-static puncture resistance increased 4.5 times for samples with 35 wt% silica concentration relative to the neat sample. In particular, with the reduction of particle size, the samples undergo less deformation and can withstand larger loads at each shear thickening fluid concentration. However, at low and medium concentrations (15 and 25 wt%), the reduction in the particle size has a large effect on the load-bearing capacity of the fabrics. But in the case of 35 wt% concentration for both the 12- and 60-nm particles, the difference between maximum loads withstood by the fabric is negligible.

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Sharma, Shuchi, Yogesh Kumar Walia, Gunjan Grover, and Verma K. Sanjeev. "Effect of Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Thiol group on the Shear Thickening Behaviors of the Suspensions of Silica Nanoparticles in polyethylene glycol (PEG)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012053.

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Abstract The Fine-tuning of Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) by surface modification of silica particles has fascinated scientist’s interest worldwide as it results in performance enhancement of STF based on armor systems. In the current study, surface modified Silica nanoparticles (average diameter of 600 nm) possess thiol functional groups which were attained through a reaction with 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane in absolute ethanol at 90 °C. Shear thickening fluid of Thiol functionalized Silica nanoparticles were prepared by sonochemical method in polyethylene glycol (PEG-200). The rheological parameters of STFs (modified and unmodified silica Nano particles) were measured using Rheometer MCR 52, Anton Par, Germany. The shear thickening behavior of thiol-based STF shows shear thickening at a higher shear rate compared to only silica-based STF with the decrease in viscosity maximum.

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Weerasinghe, Dakshitha, Damith Mohotti, and Jeremy Anderson. "Incorporation of shear thickening fluid effects into computational modelling of woven fabrics subjected to impact loading: A review." International Journal of Protective Structures 11, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 340–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619889071.

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Soft armour consisting of multi-layered high-performance fabrics are a popular choice for personal protection. Extensive work done in the last few decades suggests that shear thickening fluids improve the impact resistance of woven fabrics. Shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics have been proven as an ideal candidate for producing comfortable, high-performance soft body armour. However, the mechanism of defeating a projectile using a shear thickening fluid–impregnated multi-layered fabric is not fully understood and can be considered as a gap in the research done on the improvement of soft armour. Even though considerable progress has been achieved on dry fabrics, limited studies have been performed on shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. The knowledge of simulation of multi-layered fabric armour is not well developed. The complexity in creating the geometry of the yarns, incorporating friction between yarns and initial pre-tension between yarns due to weaving patterns make the numerical modelling a complex process. In addition, the existing knowledge in this area is widely dispersed in the published literature and requires synthesis to enhance the development of shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current methods of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics with a critical analysis of the techniques used. The review is preceded by an overview of shear thickening behaviour and related mechanisms, followed by a discussion of innovative approaches in numerical modelling of fabrics. A novel state-of-the-art means of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics is proposed in conclusion of the review of current methods. A short case study is also presented using the proposed approach of modelling.

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Dias, Gilberlandio J. "INTERIOR ESTIMATES FOR POWER-LAW SHEAR-THICKENING FLUIDS." Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/fm026010049.

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Song, Zhen Yu, Chen Zhang, Meng Song, and Si Zhu Wu. "Advanced Stab Resistance Fabrics Utilizing Shear Thickening Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.73.

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A series of shear thickening fluids (STF) were prepared and characterized by Rheometer. The stab resistance of Kevlar and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) non-woven fabrics impregnated with STF were investigated and found to exhibit significant improvements over neat fabric targets of equivalent weight. Specifically, dramatic improvements in stab resistance (knife threat) were observed. These novel materials could be potentially used to fabricate flexible body armors which provide improved protection against both stab and ballistic threats.

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Ortigosa-Moya, E. M., K. Shahrivar, R. Hidalgo-Álvarez, and J. de Vicente. "Soft lubrication of cornstarch-based shear-thickening fluids." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 8 (July 23, 2019): 085044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab22e5.

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Zarei, Mohammad, and Jamal Aalaie. "Application of shear thickening fluids in material development." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 5 (September 2020): 10411–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.07.049.

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Gürgen, Selim, Melih Cemal Kuşhan, and Weihua Li. "Shear thickening fluids in protective applications: A review." Progress in Polymer Science 75 (December 2017): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.003.

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Galindo-Rosales, F. J., F. J. Rubio-Hernández, and A. Sevilla. "An apparent viscosity function for shear thickening fluids." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 166, no. 5-6 (March 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2011.01.001.

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Fuchs, Martin. "Stationary Flows of Shear Thickening Fluids in 2D." Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00021-010-0044-8.

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Shenoy, Sudhir S., Norman J. Wagner, and Jonathan W. Bender. "E-FiRST: Electric field responsive shear thickening fluids." Rheologica Acta 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-002-0289-0.

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Crispo, Francesca. "On the regularity of shear thickening viscous fluids." Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B 30, no. 3 (April 16, 2009): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11401-007-0539-7.

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50

Zhao, Mingmei, Jinqiu Zhang, Yile Liu, Zhizhao Peng, and Xin Li. "Rheological characteristics analysis of shear thickening fluids based on response surface methodology." Materials Research Express 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4eb6.

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Abstract This paper analyzed the influence of various components and the external environment on the rheological properties of shear thickening fluid (STF). The single-factor experimental study was carried out with the silica particle size, the mass fraction of silica particles, the continuous phase’s average molecular weight, and the temperature as the influencing factors. Obtain the influence of various factors on the initial viscosity, critical shear rate, thickening period and thickening ratio of STF samples. According to the crossover relationship between the shear stress and the intermolecular force when the shear thickening occurs, the STF’s critical shear rate criterion is constructed. By introducing the mechanical balance between small molecules, the relationship between the particles’ volume fraction and the distance between particles in the suspension system is established. The influencing factors and formulas of the STF’s critical shear rate and shear capacity are deduced, which supports the conclusions obtained in the single-factor experiment. Based on the single-factor experiment conclusion, the mass fraction of silica particles, the average molecular weight of the continuous phase and the temperature are used as the influencing factors, and the critical shear rate, shear thickening ratio and maximum viscosity are the responses indicators. According to the Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) design, 15 analysis experiments with three factors and three levels are carried out. Obtain the rheological characteristics of the STF and regression equation between each factor, based on the three-dimensional response surface graph and F-value in ANOVA result. We found that among the interaction effects, the interaction between the continuous phase’s average molecular weight and the temperature has the most significant impact on the critical shear rate of the STF. The interaction between the silica particles’ mass fraction and the continuous phase’s average molecular weight significantly impacts the shear thickening ratio of the STF. The interaction between silica particles’ mass fraction and the temperature has the most significant impact on the maximum viscosity of the STF. Finally, according to the response surface methodology experimental results and ideal STF rheological characteristics standard in engineering applications, when the mass fraction of silica particles is 35%, the average molecular weight of the continuous phase is 387, and the temperature is 20 °C. The critical shear rate of the STF system is 5.84 1/s, the shear thickening ratio is 102.8, and the peak viscosity is 1191.7 Pa·s, reaching the optimal theoretical value within the value scope.

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