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Journal articles on the topic 'Shear loading'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Unreinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.011.

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2

Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Reinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.021.

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3

McCarron, W. O., J. C. Lawrence, R. J. Werner, J. T. Germaine, and D. F. Cauble. "Cyclic direct simple shear testing of a Beaufort Sea clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 584–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-061.

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Results are presented for undrained direct simple shear tests on a Beaufort Sea cohesive soil. Monotonic and one-way cyclic loading response characteristics are identified for a number of loading scenarios. The critical level of repeated loadings (CLRL) is determined for two overconsolidation ratios from tests having 30 000 cycles of loading. Postcyclic strength tests indicate that one-way cyclic loadings not causing failure have a strain-hardening effect on the material. High strain-rate testing is found to increase soil strength by as much as 40% compared with typical testing strain rates. Key words : strength, cyclic testing, clay, simple shear, strain rate.

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4

Fabrikant, V. I. "Flat crack under shear loading." Acta Mechanica 78, no. 1-2 (June 1989): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01173996.

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5

Meyer, L. W., E. Staskewitsch, and A. Burblies. "Adiabatic shear failure under biaxial dynamic compression/ shear loading." Mechanics of Materials 17, no. 2-3 (March 1994): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(94)90060-4.

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6

Kim, J. M., S. W. Son, T. G. Ryu, and G. M. Soriano. "Effects of cyclic shear stress and average shear stress on the cyclic loading failure of marine silty sand." Lowland Technology International 17, no. 1 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14247/lti.17.1_19.

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7

Zhai, Minglei, Haibo Bai, and Luyuan Wu. "Shear Slip Instability Behavior of Rock Fractures under Prepeak Tiered Cyclic Shear Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851890.

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In this paper, shear displacement properties of rock fractures were studied, and the energy evolution process was analyzed before sliding instability under complex shear loading paths. The artificial prefabrication method was used to simulate the natural rock fractures, which are difficult to obtain in the natural environment. The prepeak tiered cyclic loading tests under constant normal loading were performed on six rock specimens with fractures by rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200). To obtain the stress difference of adjacent cycles, the direct shear test was conducted on the other six rock specimens with fractures before the prepeak tiered cyclic shear loading test. The variation trend of residual shear displacement (RSD) and the similarity of loading and unloading curves before slip instability were obtained by analyses of prepeak tiered cyclic shear loading test data. Energy evolution laws of rock fractures were analyzed with the consideration of the hysteresis characteristics, according to the hysteresis effect of shear displacement behind shear stress. This paper provides guidance for the study on shear instability of rock fractures under complex loading paths.

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8

Chen, W. R., and L. M. Keer. "Mixed-Mode Fatigue Crack Propagation of Penny-Shaped Cracks." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904231.

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A three-dimensional penny-shaped crack under combined tensile and shear loadings is analyzed. The assumptions of Dugdale are applied to estimate the effects of plasticity around the edge of the crack. The solution for mode I tensile loading is well established within the context of the Dugdale assumptions, and for the case of shear loading, approximate results are derived for the yield ring width and crack sliding displacements, with the assumptions similar in form to the mode I case. By superposing the results of the tensile and shear loading, the solutions for a penny-shaped Dugdale crack under mixed mode static loading and modified for the analysis of fatigue crack growth. Based on the mixed mode Dugdale model and the accumulated plastic displacement criterion for crack growth, a fatigue crack growth equation with four-power effective stress intensity factor dependence is developed for a penny-shaped crack under conditions of mixed mode loading and small-scale yielding.

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9

Somraj, Amornthep, Kazunori Fujikake, and Bing Li. "Study on Dynamic Shear Resistance of RC Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.211.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic shear failure behavior of RC beams under rapid loading through an experimental study and also to set up a strut-and-tie model with loading rate effect to predict the dynamic shear resistance of RC beams. Thus, rapid loading test with 24 RC beams with a shear span-to-deep ratio of 1.9 was performed, in which shear reinforcement ratio and loading rate were variable. All of the RC beams exhibited shear compression failure. Although the shear resistance increases with increasing loading rate, the influence of loading rate on the shear resistance clearly depends on shear reinforcement ratio. The strut-and-tie model with loading rate effect was finally developed, in which the thickness of the compression strut was formulated to be increased with an increase in loading rate. The developed strut-and-tie model was good agreement with the experimental results.

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10

Li, Qing Fen, Li Zhu, Friedrich G. Buchholz, and Sheng Yuan Yan. "Computational Analysis of the AFM Specimen on Mixed-Mode II and III Fracture." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.173.

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Some results of 3D finite element analyses of the all fracture modes (AFM) specimen on mixed-mode II and III fracture are presented in this paper. The computational fracture analysis is based on the calculation of separated strain energy release rates (SERRs) along the crack front by the modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI)-method and the commercially available FE-code ANSYS. Calculation results show that under pure in-plane shear loading (mode II), not only the mode II, but also the mode III loading conditions, are generated owing to the Poission’s ratio effects. Similarly, under pure out-of-plane shear loading (mode III), besides the mode III, the mode II loading conditions are induced due to the global deformation. Nevertheless, once in-plane and out-of-plane shear loadings are superimposed, the fracture behavior appears more complex. Further discussion is given associate with some previous study.

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11

Fukuda, Takashi, Shotaro Sanuki, Masaki Miyakawa, and Kazunori Fujikake. "Influence of Loading Rate on Shear Failure Resistance of RC Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.229.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic shear failure behavior of RC beams under rapid loading through an experimental study. Thus, rapid loading test for 48 RC beams was performed, in which shear span-to-depth ratio, shear reinforcement ratio and loading rate were variable. The RC beams exhibited diagonal tension failure, shear compression failure and flexural failure depending mainly on the shear span-to-depth ratio and the shear reinforcement ratio. The influence of loading rate on the maximum resistance is more significant for the RC beams failed in shear than for those failed in flexure.

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12

Lebo, Zachary J., and Hugh Morrison. "Dynamical Effects of Aerosol Perturbations on Simulated Idealized Squall Lines." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 991–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00156.1.

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Abstract The dynamical effects of increased aerosol loading on the strength and structure of numerically simulated squall lines are explored. Results are explained in the context of Rotunno–Klemp–Weisman (RKW) theory. Changes in aerosol loading lead to changes in raindrop size and number that ultimately affect the strength of the cold pool via changes in evaporation. Thus, the balance between cold pool and low-level wind shear–induced vorticities can be changed by an aerosol perturbation. Simulations covering a wide range of low-level wind shears are performed to study the sensitivity to aerosols in different environments and provide more general conclusions. Simulations with relatively weak low-level environmental wind shear (0.0024 s−1) have a relatively strong cold pool circulation compared to the environmental shear. An increase in aerosol loading leads to a weakening of the cold pool and, hence, a more optimal balance between the cold pool– and environmental shear–induced circulations according to RKW theory. Consequently, there is an increase in the convective mass flux of nearly 20% in polluted conditions relative to pristine. This strengthening coincides with more upright convective updrafts and a significant increase (nearly 20%) in cumulative precipitation. An increase in aerosol loading in a strong wind shear environment (0.0064 s−1) leads to less optimal storms and a suppression of the convective mass flux and precipitation. This occurs because the cold pool circulation is weak relative to the environmental shear when the shear is strong, and further weakening of the cold pool with high aerosol loading leads to an even less optimal storm structure (i.e., convective updrafts begin to tilt downshear).

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13

Wong, C. M., and W. K. Tso. "Seismic loading for buildings with setbacks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-092.

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Dynamic analysis is in general accepted as the best method to obtain the seismic load distribution for buildings with a setback. However, most building codes require the base shear obtained by dynamic analysis to be calibrated by the static base shear obtained using the code's equivalent static load procedure. In obtaining the code static base shear, two issues often arise among the design professionals. First, it is unclear whether the code static base shear is applicable for buildings with setbacks because the period prescribed by the code to be used in the base shear formula is in general not pertinent to buildings with setbacks. Second, it is uncertain whether the higher mode period should be used in computing the base shear when the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode — a case often encountered in designing buildings with setbacks. This paper is an attempt to resolve the above issues. For the first issue, modification factors were derived for adjusting the code period formula so that it can provide a more reasonable estimate for the period of a building with a setback. For the second issue, it was demonstrated in this paper that for cases where the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode, using the higher mode period for base shear calculation will result in unnecessarily conservative design. Key words: earthquake, seismic, irregular buildings, setback, dynamic analysis.

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14

YASUTAKE, Yuki, Toru MASUZAWA, Masahiro OSA, and Osamu MARUYAMA. "Effect of shear rate and shear time on hemolysis using high shear loading device." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2019.27 (2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2019.27.516.

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15

MACHACEK, Josef, and Martin CHARVAT. "STUDY ON SHEAR CONNECTION OF BRIDGE STEEL TRUSS AND CONCRETE SLAB DECK." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.976258.

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Longitudinal shear flow in the connection of a bridge steel truss upper chord and a concrete bridge slab is studied both in elastic and plastic stages of loading up to the shear connection collapse. First the distribution of the shear flow with an increasing level of loading is shown as resulted from 3D MNA (materially nonlinear analysis) using ANSYS software package and a former experimental verification. Nevertheless, the flow peaks in elastic stages above truss nodes due to local transfer of forces are crucial for design of the shear connection in bridges. Therefore a simple approximate 2D elastic frame modelling was suggested for subsequent extensive parametric studies. The study covers various loadings including the design loading of bridges and demonstrates importance of rigidity of the shear connection, rigidity of an upper steel truss chord and rigidity of a concrete deck. Temperature effects and a creep of concrete are also studied. The substantial part of the study deals also with concentration of shear connectors in the area of steel truss nodes and influence of the connector densification on distribution of the longitudinal shear along an interface of the steel truss chord and the concrete deck. Eurocode 4 approach and quest to find an optimum design of the shear connection in composite bridge trusses are discussed. Finally the resulting recommendations for a practical design are presented.

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16

Hanna, Thamer H. "Shear Behavior of Fibrous High Strength Concrete Deep Beams Under Uniformly Distributed Loading." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 10, no. 1 (November 19, 2006): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10162.

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17

IKARASHI, Kikuo, Shuta NAKANO, and Nobutaka SHIMIZU. "EVALUATION OF SHEAR STIFFNESS OF RECTANGULAR CORRUGATE PLATE UNDER SHEAR LOADING." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 74, no. 646 (2009): 2327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.74.2327.

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18

Rodríguez-Martínez, J. A., A. Vaz-Romero, K. E. N’souglo, and G. Vadillo. "Dynamic shear instabilities in metallic sheets subjected to shear-compression loading." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 144 (November 2020): 104108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104108.

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19

Hsueh, C. H., H. Bei, C. T. Liu, E. P. George, and P. F. Becher. "Controlled normal/shear loading and shear fracture in bulk metallic glasses." Intermetallics 17, no. 10 (October 2009): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2009.03.008.

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20

WATANABE, Nobuo, Isao UCHIMURA, Katsuhiro OHUCHI, Daisuke SAKOTA, Yukio HIRATA, and Setsuo TAKATANI. "Shear Loading and Red Blood Cells' Deformability." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 27, Supplement1 (2007): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.27.supplement1_143.

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21

Machalická, Klára, and Martina Eliášová. "Behavior of Glued Connections under Shear Loading." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.241.

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An intensive research in load-bearing glass structures leads to the requirement for performing glass-to-glass or glass-to-different material connections. Glued shear connection is suitable for these applications mainly due to its uniform stress distribution in larger area in comparison with bolted connections. The reliability of adhesive in the connection during the life time of a structure is affected by many factors, [1], [2], [3], [4]. The article deals with the experimental analysis focused on the determination of material characteristics of adhesives in planar connections, it describes the effect of various factors on the behavior of an adhesive joint under increasing shear loads, its ultimate load-bearing capacity and its failure modes. The main investigated factors are the type of adhesive, the type of connected materials (material of substrate), surface treatment and the thickness of the adhesive layer. Due to importance of adhesive layer thickness especially in rigid and semi-rigid glues, numerical models responding to the effect of thickness was carried out.

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22

Mohd. Amin, Mohd For, Heng Yau Ong, Sook Huei Chan, and Rini Asnida Abdullah. "Characteristics of filled joint under shear loading." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 54 (November 1, 2008): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm54200808.

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23

Hu Jian-Bo, Yu Yu-Ying, Dai Cheng-Da, and Tan Hua. "Shear modulus of aluminum under shock loading." Acta Physica Sinica 54, no. 12 (2005): 5750. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.54.5750.

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24

Stepanov, G. V., and V. A. Fedorchuk. "Localized shear in metals under impact loading." Le Journal de Physique IV 10, PR9 (September 2000): Pr9–707—Pr9–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20009118.

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25

Xuan, Xiaoyi, and Sami H. Rizkalla. "Welded wire shear reinforcement under cyclic loading." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 16, no. 3 (January 1988): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823328808726884.

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26

Kosel, Franc, and Jože Petrišič. "Buckling of Shear Loading Plates with Strengthenings." ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 80, S2 (2000): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.20000801466.

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27

Taslagyan, Karén A., Dave H. Chan, and Norbert R. Morgenstern. "A Direct Shear Apparatus With Vibrational Loading." Geotechnical Testing Journal 38, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 20140078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj20140078.

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28

Fabrikant, V. I. "External circular crack under arbitrary shear loading." ZAMP Zeitschrift f�r angewandte Mathematik und Physik 47, no. 5 (September 1996): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00915271.

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29

Stepanov, G. V., and V. A. Fedorchuk. "Localized shear in metals under impact loading." Strength of Materials 32, no. 2 (March 2000): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02511670.

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30

Kemeny, John, Tae Young Ko, and Seokwon Jeon. "Fracture characteristics of rocks under shear loading." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 3 (March 22, 2014): 760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0330-8.

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31

Schmidt, Maximilian, Philipp Schmidt, Sebastian Wanka, and Martin Classen. "Shear Response of Members without Shear Reinforcement—Experiments and Analysis Using Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073078.

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The determination of the ultimate shear capacity and the identification of the corresponding load-carrying mechanisms of concrete members without shear reinforcement has been an ongoing research topic for over 100 years. Based on a full mechanical model, the Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT) enables to analyze and understand the ever-changing interplay of crack propagation, evolution of stresses at the crack tip and in uncracked concrete parts, as well as the activation of shear transfer actions within the growing shear crack during the entire loading process. In this paper, selected experimental investigations for further validation of the SCPT are presented. These beam shear test results are then compared to the theoretical results emerging from the SCPT algorithm. Finally, the evolution of different shear transfer actions (e.g., aggregate interlock and dowel action) during the entire loading process is evaluated and discussed.

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32

Fujikake, Kazunori, and Amornthep Somraj. "Dynamic Shear Resistance of RC Beams Based on Modified Compression Field Theory." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.799.

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The aim of this study was to develop an analytical model to estimate the dynamic shear capacity of RC beams which may exhibit diagonal tension failure under impact and blast loadings. Thus, the modified compression field theory has been extended to dynamic loading in this study. The developed analytical model has been applied to the experimental results obtained from rapid loading tests of RC beams. As a result, the developed analytical model has been in good agreement with the experimental results.

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33

Li, Lintao, Tao Jin, Fei Shuang, Zhiqiang Li, Zhihua Wang, and Wei Ma. "Micro-Mechanisms of Shear Deformation Localization of Ti6Al4V Alloy under Shear-Compressive Loading Conditions." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 5646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245646.

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Titanium Ti6Al4V alloy is a superior material that has extremely high strength, hardness and good anti-corrosion resistance. Dynamic shear-compression experiments were carried out on the alloy to investigate the micro-mechanisms of adiabatic shear banding (ASB) formation. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup were used for the tests at high strain rates. It was found that the shear deformation localization (SDL) was considerably affected by the complex loading conditions. The micro-mechanisms for the ASB formation relied on different shear compressive proportion of loadings (SCLPs). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the ASB width was related with the SCLP and the fracture failure of alloy was induced by the nucleation and growth of microvoids. In transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, the microstructural changes of material within the ASB were characterized by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and twining grain formation, dislocation migration, and stacking and grain refining processes. The results in this article demonstrates a complex image of microstructural evolution of alloy in the shear localization process.

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Ananda Rao, M., M. V. Pavan Kumar, and Lenka Srinu. "A comparative study on the rheological properties of coal water slurries using sodium tripoly-phosphate and carboxy-methyl-cellulose as dispersants." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27787.

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The effects of two anionic dispersants (polymeric-carboxy methyl cellulose: CMC and inorganic-sodium tripolyphosphate: STPP) on the rheological properties of coal water slurries (CWS) of varying solid loading were reported and compared. The rheological data was obtained in the shear rate range of 60-160 s<sup>-1</sup> and the data was fitted using power law model. For lower solid concentrations (10% and 20%), shear thickening behaviour was observed while shear thinning nature was seen for the higher solid loadings (30%,40% and 50%) for CWS with both the dispersants. For all slurries, an increase in flow behaviour index values was seen with the increase of dispersant loading. For CWS of 10% and 20% solid loadings, lower values of flow behaviour index was observed with CMC as dispersant. On the other hand, lower values for flow behaviour index was seen with STPP as dispersant for CWS of 30%, 40% and 50% solids loading. Although CMC was found very effective in reducing the apparent viscosity at lower dosages unlike STPP, the apparent viscosity values are quite sensitive to the loading of CMC as dispersant in comparison to STPP. This observed trend may be due to aggressively induced negative charges upon the adsorption of CMC on coal particles at the tested dispersant dosages.

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35

Akama, Makoto. "Fatigue Crack Growth under Non-Proportional Mixed Mode Loading in Rail and Wheel Steel Part 1: Sequential Mode I and Mode II Loading." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102006.

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Fatigue tests were performed to estimate the coplanar and branch crack growth rates on rail and wheel steel under non-proportional mixed mode I/II loading cycles simulating the load on rolling contact fatigue cracks; sequential and overlapping mode I and II loadings were applied to single cracks in the specimens. Long coplanar cracks were produced under certain loading conditions. The fracture surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy and the finite element analysis results suggested that the growth was driven mainly by in-plane shear mode (i.e., mode II) loading. Crack branching likely occurred when the degree of overlap between these mode cycles increased, indicating that such degree enhancement leads to a relative increase of the maximum tangential stress range, based on an elasto–plastic stress field along the branch direction, compared to the maximum shear stress. Moreover, the crack growth rate decreased when the material strength increased because this made the crack tip displacements smaller. The branch crack growth rates could not be represented by a single crack growth law since the plastic zone size ahead of the crack tip increased with the shear part of the loading due to the T-stress, resulting in higher growth rates.

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36

Stanciu, Nicoleta-Violeta, Felicia Stan, and Catalin Fetecau. "Experimental Investigation of the Melt Shear Viscosity, Specific Volume and Thermal Conductivity of Low-Density Polyethylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites Using Capillary Flow." Polymers 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061230.

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Understanding the flow behavior of polymer/carbon nanotube composites prior to melt processing is important for optimizing the processing conditions and final product properties. In this study, the melt shear viscosity, specific volume and thermal conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated for representative processing conditions using capillary rheometry. The experimental results show a significant increase in the melt shear viscosity of the LDPE/MWCNT composite with nanotube loadings higher than 1 wt.%. Upon increasing shear rates, the composites flow like a power-law fluid, with a shear-thinning index less than 0.4. The specific volume decreases with increasing pressure and nanotube loading, while the pVT transition temperature increases linearly with increasing pressure. The thermal conductivity of the LDPE/MWCNT composite is nearly independent of nanotube loading up to the thermal percolation threshold of 1 wt.% and increases linearly with further increases in nanotube loading, reaching 0.35 W/m·K at 5 wt.%. The Carreau–Winter and Cross viscosity models and Tait equation, respectively, are able to predict the shear viscosity and specific volume with a high level of accuracy. These results can be used not only to optimize processing conditions through simulation but also to establish structure–property relationships for the LDPE/MWCNT composites.

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37

Hsu, Chao Ming, Ah Der Lin, Tsung Pin Hung, Wen Chun Chiu, and Jao Hwa Kuang. "Shear Toughness Evaluation of Solder Joints for the Reliability Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.467.

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The effects of isothermal aging and the thermal cycling loading on the shear toughness of different solder materials and ball sizes have been explored. The difference between shear toughness values of traditional Sn/37Pb eutectic solder ball joints and the lead free Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu solders are chosen for discussion. The experiment measurements under the ball shear test (BST) have been compared and studied for both solder joints. The fracture behaviors of the solder joints under the high temperature aging and thermal cycling testing are examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of shear toughness of different ball joints reveals that the high temperature aging and thermal cyclic loading reduce the shear toughness significantly. The measured shear toughness values indicate that the Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu solder joints have better ductility for the joints undergoing the high temperature aging and the thermal cycle loadings. Based on the measured results, the better reliability for the Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu ball joints is expected, due to the aging and cycling load testing.

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38

Rahat Rahman, Mohammad, Md Moshiur Rashid, Md Mashrur Islam, and Md Masum Akanda. "Electrical and Chemical Properties of Graphene over Composite Materials: A Technical Review." Material Science Research India 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/160208.

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Graphene is a material that has superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It has drawn the attention of many scientific researchers for this purpose. In this paper, three different types of fillers, GNPs, MWCNTs and EG reinforced epoxy nanocomposites were mainly studied. Different shear mixing speeds and shear mixing times were considered during the study of the nanocomposites with 0.1 wt% loading of the fillers. The effects of various types of fillers and different shear mixing speeds and durations on mechanical and electrical properties of the final composites were examined. The GNPs-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was the only one that showed a 13% improvement in elastic modulus as compared to pure epoxy when the shear mixing conditions were 3000 rpm for 2 hours. The research also studied the effects of different loadings of GNPs and the addition of acetone as a solvent on the final mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the composites (with the fixed shear mixing speed and time). The tensile strength of the composites reduced drastically when the loading of GNPs increased while the elastic modulus shows some increase with the growth in GNP loading. The study found that GNPs reinforced composites did not show the percolation threshold even with 5 wt% (with the ratio to the weight of epoxy) loading of the GNPs. The GNPs-reinforced epoxy composites showed an 116% improvement in the thermal conductivity as compared to the pure epoxy samples when the GNPs loading was 5 wt%. The results from the studied literatures also showed that the samples prepared with the addition of acetone had higher thermal diffusivity than the samples prepared without acetone.

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Li, Zhenbao, Yanwei Cui, Kun Song, Hua Ma, and Zhenyun Tang. "The shearing performance of a beam-column joint in a reinforced concrete frame subjected to bidirectional loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 15 (June 28, 2019): 3176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219859475.

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The anti-seismic capability of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frame structures undergoing bidirectional loading may be lower than the designed capability for unidirectional earthquake action. To date, detailed calculation methods for the shear capability and shearing performance for joints in reinforced concrete frames subjected to bidirectional loading have not been reported. In this work, the shear mechanism of the beam-column joint in a reinforced concrete frame under bidirectional loading is analyzed. The study shows that when a synthetic shear force is imposed on the joint, the oblique compression zone comes into being at the corner of the joint, and the oblique compression strut is formed in the core area of the joint, which is different from the shear mechanism of the joint under unidirectional loading. A shear capacity calculation model is established based on the strut-and-tie model. Through the testing of reinforced concrete frame joints under bidirectional monotonous loading, the combined shear and deformation in the joint are obtained, the mechanical properties in each principal plane and in the combined shear action plane are analyzed, the shearing performance of the joints in a reinforced concrete frame under bidirectional loading is defined, and the shear contributions of hoop and column reinforcement are verified. The predicted values of the shear capability in this work are in good agreement with the reported experimental results.

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Mastali, Mohammad, Joaquim Barros, and Isabel Valente. "Structural performance of hybrid sandwich slabs under shear loading." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 809–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217699660.

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In a hybrid panel with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bottom skin and ribs, and deflection hardening cementitious composites (DHCC) top layer, it is very important to provide good shear connection between these various components in order to increase the load carrying capacity of the resulting hybrid slabs and a larger increment of deflection before the occurrence of the structural softening of this panel. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid sandwich panels strongly depends on the performance of the shear connectors. The efficiency of indented shear connectors in improving the flexural performance of hybrid sandwich panels is here demonstrated. Since the efficiency of indented shear connectors in the hybrid sandwich panels is unknown, efforts are made in this paper in investigating the shear performance of hybrid slabs. A special focus is given on the indented shear connector’s behavior, considering different shear span ratios in ranges of 2.00, 1.39, and 0.77. In this regard, six hybrid sandwich panels were manufactured and experimentally tested under different shear loads. Then, the results are interpreted comprehensively. The results obtained show that the GFRP rib thickness and height, and shear span ratios influence the damage events and the structural performance of the hybrid sandwich panels. Moreover, it was observed that using indented shear connectors in the hybrid slabs, regardless of the shear span ratios, provides high load capacity, high stiffness, and large residual deflection.

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Klusák, Jan, D. Kopp, and Tomáš Profant. "Bi-Material Notches under Various Normal-Shear Loading Modes." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.361.

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In the range of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the critical loading assessment of structures made of two dissimilar materials is usually based on the assumptions of the prevailing normal mode of loading. However, in engineering practice there are cases of loading and failure close to the shear mode of loading. The aim of the work is to study the stress distribution in the vicinity of a bi-material notch subjected to a combination of normal and shear modes of loading. Then the stability criteria use knowledge of common fracture mechanics properties for normal I and shear II modes of loading. The assessment of crack initiation conditions is shown on a specimen with two different bi-material notches under loading of a varying direction.

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Anić, Filip, and Davorin Penava. "STRESS OF ANGLE SECTION SUBJECTED TO TRANSVERSAL LOADING ACTING OUT OF THE SHEAR CENTER." Elektronički časopis građevinskog fakulteta Osijek 6, no. 10 (July 2, 2015): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2015.10.2.

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Shuvalov, Aleksandr, Igor Gorbunov, and Mikhail Kovalev. "Anchorage strength and ductility in shear tests." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302016.

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Article shows shear tests results for anchorage using bent foundation bolts 16, 24 and 36 mm in diameter and torque-controlled undercut anchors 12, 16 and 20 mm in diameter. Load-displacement diagrams were acquired for shear loads in static and dynamic cyclic tests in uncracked and cracked concrete. Cyclic loading pattern simulated seismic loads on anchors. Shear loading tests allowed to estimate influence of cracks and cyclic loading on strength and ductility of anchorage.

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Soudki, Khaled A., Jeffrey S. West, Sami H. Rizkalla, and Bruce Blackett. "Horizontal Connections for Precast Concrete Shear Wall Panels Under Cyclic Shear Loading." PCI Journal 41, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011996.64.80.

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Zhang, Zhong, Chun-Chi Ma, Tianbin Li, Tao Song, and Huilin Xing. "Numerical Simulation of Cracking Behavior of Precracked Rock under Mechanical-Hydraulic Loading." Geofluids 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852572.

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The cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical-hydraulic loading is of great significance in underground openings or petroleum engineering. In this study, an advanced in-house finite element code PANDAS proved to be effective in simulating coupled fracturing processes under complex geological conditions was used to simulate the cracking propagation of the precracked rocks under mechanical loading and mechanical-hydraulic loading with different strength parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that (1) the cracks initiate by the induced stresses, and multiple types of tensile cracks originate from the preexisting flaws; (2) crack propagation patterns under mechanical-hydraulic loading were studied with different strength parameters, and the multiple patterns of pure tensile, main tensile, tensile-shear, main shear, and pure shear were observed; and (3) the timing of hydraulic loading has a significant impact on the fracturing process: when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of main crack propagation, the tensile fracture was promoted and the shear fracture was inhibited; when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of shear crack propagation, the shear fracture and tensile fracture were stimulated. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results by previous studies. The research on the cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical and hydraulic loading will expand the application prospect in the fields of coal seam gas reservoir and tunnel water inrush.

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Tsui, Po C., David M. Cruden, and Stanley Thomson. "Mesofabric, microfabric, and submicrofabric of ice-thrust bedrock, Highvale mine, Wabamun Lake area, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-136.

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The fabric of the ice-thrust argillaceous bedrock from a shear zone was studied in hand specimens, under a polarizing microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The fabric included principal displacement shears, Riedel shears, conjugate sets of particle alignments, cutans, lithorelics, and aggregations which dense cores of randomly oriented groups of clay platelets wrapped by an external layer of oriented clay particles in a turbostatic arrangement. In addition, the bedrock has been disturbed by permafrost, cycles of loading and unloading, and weathering, causing the magnitude of deformation to vary within the ice-thrust shear zone.The fabric of the ice-thrust shear zone is similar to that of shear zones formed by tectonic activity and by laboratory shear tests, suggesting that all these shear zones were formed under conditions of similar kinematic restraint.

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Uthayakumar, M., and Y. P. Vaid. "Static liquefaction of sands under multiaxial loading." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-007.

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A fundamental study of the undrained behaviour of sands under multiaxial loading is presented. The investigation was carried out using Fraser River and Syncrude sands in a hollow cylinder torsional shear device. Shear loading was carried out under strain control to capture the postpeak strain-softening characteristics of loose sands. It is shown that the undrained response of loose sands is highly dependent on the loading direction. The friction angle mobilized at phase transformation and steady state is a unique material property, independent of the mode of loading, direction of principal stress and initial consolidation stress, and void ratio state. There is no unique relationship between steady state strength and void ratio which is independent of stress path and the level of initial confining stress.Key words: anisotropy, hollow cylinder torsional shear, liquefaction, sand, simple shear, triaxial.

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KISAKU, Tomoaki, and Chikako FUJIYAMA. "SHEAR SLIP BEHAVIOR AND FAILURE PROPERTIES OF PERFOBOND RIB SHEAR CONNECTOR SUBJECTED TO REVERSAL CYCLIC LOADING AND FATIGUE LOADING." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 72, no. 5 (2016): II_56—II_68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.72.ii_56.

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Ireland, A. J., and M. Sherriff. "The Effect of Static Loading in Orthodontic Bonding." British Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 3 (August 1996): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.23.3.237.

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The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of static loading on the measured shear bond strength of steel attachments bonded to enamel. Sixty steel attachments were bond to extracted and prepared premolar teeth with Orthodontic Concise (3M St Paul, Minnesota, USA) and allowed to bench cure for 2 weeks. Half the specimens had 78 g weights suspended from the attachment, close to the bondline, prior to testing. The mean shear bond strenght for the statically loaded sample was 127 N and indicating that static loading prior to shear testing significantly increase shear bond strength.

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Wang, Wei, Xiao Zu Su, and Yong Zhao. "Experimental Study on Interface Shear Capacity of Reinforecd Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1678.

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Nine push-off specimens were designed, constructed, and tested. Test variables included reinforcement ratio of shear reinforcement, interface preparation, loading method and eccentricity of applied load. The failure pattern, hysteretic characteristic and degradation characteristic of capacity and stiffness of the specimens were analyzed. The effects of moment and cyclic reversed loading on interface shear capacity were studied. The results indicated that applied moment less than or equal to the flexural ultimate moment of shear plane has little influence on the interface shear capacity, and the effect of cyclic reversed loading on the interface shear capacity of new and existing concrete is bigger. The test value and the calculated value of current Code and Specification of China were compared. Results showed that the current JGJ 1-91 interface shear capacity provisions gave a very conservative estimate for interface shear capacity, while for the new and existing concrete interfaces under the action of cyclic reversed loading, the calculated value according to GB 50010-2002 tended to be unsafe.

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