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Journal articles on the topic 'Sharing rule'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 August 2024

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1

Pellen, Claude, Anne Le Louarn, Gilliosa Spurrier-Bernard, Evelyne Decullier, Jean-Marie Chrétien, Eric Rosenthal, Gérard Le Goff, David Moher, John P. A. Ioannidis, and Florian Naudet. "Ten (not so) simple rules for clinical trial data-sharing." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): e1010879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010879.

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Clinical trial data-sharing is seen as an imperative for research integrity and is becoming increasingly encouraged or even required by funders, journals, and other stakeholders. However, early experiences with data-sharing have been disappointing because they are not always conducted properly. Health data is indeed sensitive and not always easy to share in a responsible way. We propose 10 rules for researchers wishing to share their data. These rules cover the majority of elements to be considered in order to start the commendable process of clinical trial data-sharing: Rule 1: Abide by local legal and regulatory data protection requirements Rule 2: Anticipate the possibility of clinical trial data-sharing before obtaining funding Rule 3: Declare your intent to share data in the registration step Rule 4: Involve research participants Rule 5: Determine the method of data access Rule 6: Remember there are several other elements to share Rule 7: Do not proceed alone Rule 8: Deploy optimal data management to ensure that the data shared is useful Rule 9: Minimize risks Rule 10: Strive for excellence.

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2

Yu, Yong. "Combination-Sharing Theory and Sharing Rule of Regularity." Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 54, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12124-020-09537-0.

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3

OVERBEY, MARY MARGARET. "OMB Finalizes Data Sharing Rule." Anthropology News 40, no. 9 (December 1999): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1999.40.9.27.1.

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4

Albizuri, M. Josune. "The -serial cost-sharing rule." Mathematical Social Sciences 60, no. 1 (July 2010): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.02.005.

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5

Cao, Lili, and Haitao Zheng. "Distributed Rule-Regulated Spectrum Sharing." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 26, no. 1 (January 2008): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2008.080112.

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6

Wickramage, Heshani, David Roberts, and Robert Hearne. "Water Allocation Using the Bankruptcy Model: A Case Study of the Missouri River." Water 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030619.

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This research applies cooperative game theory—specifically, the bankruptcy model—to address conflicts arising from the scarcity of water resources shared by multiple agents. This case study addresses potential outcomes of five allocation rules applied to the apportionment of water between two agents in the Missouri River. Currently, there is no interstate compact to apportion Missouri River and frequent disputes between upstream and downstream states occur. Upstream states favor managing reservoir water levels to support reservoir recreation and downstream states want water for the downstream navigation channel. The five allocation rules studied are (1) Proportional Sharing, (2) Constrained Equal Awards, (3) Constrained Equal Losses, (4) Sequential Sharing based on Proportional Sharing, and (5) a proposed Modified Constrained Equal Awards rule. The results of the analysis of apportionment during four dry years in the 2000s show that the best approaches are the proposed Modified Constrained Equal Awards Rule and the Proportional Sharing Rule.

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7

Albizuri, M. Josune, and José M. Zarzuelo. "The dual serial cost-sharing rule." Mathematical Social Sciences 53, no. 2 (March 2007): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2006.11.001.

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8

Albizuri, M. J., J. C. Santos, and J. M. Zarzuelo. "On the serial cost sharing rule." International Journal of Game Theory 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001820300129.

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9

Bonam, Janakiramaiah, and Ramamohan Reddy. "Balanced Approach for Hiding Sensitive Association Rules in Data Sharing Environment." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 8, no. 3 (July 2014): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2014070103.

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Privacy preserving association rule mining protects the sensitive association rules specified by the owner of the data by sanitizing the original database so that the sensitive rules are hidden. In this paper, the authors study a problem of hiding sensitive association rules by carefully modifying the transactions in the database. The algorithm BHPSP calculates the impact factor of items in the sensitive association rules. Then it selects a rule which contains an item with minimum impact factor. The algorithm alters the transactions of the database to hide the sensitive association rule by reducing the loss of other non-sensitive association rules. The quality of a database can be well maintained by greedily selecting the alterations in the database with negligible side effects. The BHPSP algorithm is experimentally compared with a HCSRIL algorithm with respect to the performance measures misses cost and difference between original and sanitized databases. Experimental results are also mentioned demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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10

Schumacher, Johannes M. "LINEAR VERSUS NONLINEAR ALLOCATION RULES IN RISK SHARING UNDER FINANCIAL FAIRNESS." ASTIN Bulletin 48, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 995–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.25.

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AbstractIn a risk exchange, participants trade a privately owned risk for a share in a pool. If participants agree on a valuation rule, it can be decided whether or not, according to the given rule, these trades take place at equal value. If equality of values holds for all participants, then the exchange is said to be “financially fair”. It has been shown by Bühlmann and Jewell (1979) that, under mild assumptions, the constraint of financial fairness singles out a unique solution among the set of all Pareto efficient risk exchanges. In this paper, we find that an analogous statement is true if we limit ourselves to linear exchanges. Conditions are provided for existence and uniqueness of linear sharing rules that are both financially fair and Pareto efficient among all linear sharing rules. The performance of the linear rule is compared to that of the general (nonlinear) rule in a number of specific cases.

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11

Ma, Tinghuai, Yuming Su, Huan Rong, Yurong Qian, and Najla Al-Nabhan. "Rule Fusion of Privacy Protection Strategies for Co-Ownership Data Sharing." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060969.

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With the rapid development of social networks, personal privacy leakage has become more and more serious. A social network is a shared platform. Resources in a social network may be shared by multiple owners. In order to prevent privacy leakage, each owner assigns a corresponding privacy protection strategy. For the same shared contents, integrating the privacy protection strategies of all owners is the key problem for sharing. This paper proposes a rule fusion method of privacy protection for the co-ownership of data shared in social networks. First, the content of the protection is defined according to different privacy requirements. Second, this paper uses predicate logic formulas to abstract the natural language-based description of privacy protection and further provides a logical model of privacy protection rules. Third, this paper gives the definition of privacy protection heterogeneous rules and provides a rule fusion algorithm to ensure no conflict exists among these rules. The experimental results show that the proposed rule-based fusion method of privacy protection strategy performs at a higher level than the privacy protection strategy fusion.

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12

Bull, Larry, Matthew Studley, Anthony Bagnall, and Ian Whittley. "Learning Classifier System Ensembles With Rule-Sharing." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 11, no. 4 (August 2007): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2006.885163.

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13

KIM, JEONG-YOO, and YOONSUNG LIM. "THE REVENUE-SHARING RULE FOR INTERCONNECTION CHARGES*." Japanese Economic Review 55, no. 3 (September 2004): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5876.2004.00274.x.

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14

Albizuri, M. J. "The self-dual serial cost-sharing rule." Theory and Decision 69, no. 4 (March 14, 2009): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-009-9137-3.

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15

Zamora, Bernarda. "Does female participation affect the sharing rule?" Journal of Population Economics 24, no. 1 (September 5, 2008): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-008-0208-5.

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16

WEIKARD, HANS-PETER. "CARTEL STABILITY UNDER AN OPTIMAL SHARING RULE." Manchester School 77, no. 5 (September 2009): 575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2009.02111.x.

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17

Koster, Maurice. "Heterogeneous cost sharing, the directional serial rule." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 64, no. 3 (September 23, 2006): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00186-006-0093-1.

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18

Albizuri, M. J., and M. Álvarez-Mozos. "The $$a$$ a -serial cost sharing rule." Central European Journal of Operations Research 24, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10100-013-0331-6.

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19

Song, Yong, Bing Liu, and Yi Bin Li. "The Knowledge Sharing Based Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Collective Behaviors of Mobile Robots." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1515.

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Reinforcement learning algorithm for multi-robot may will become very slow when the number of robots is increasing resulting in an exponential increase of state space. A sequential Q-learning base on knowledge sharing is presented. The rule repository of robots behaviors is firstly initialized in the process of reinforcement learning. Mobile robots obtain present environmental state by sensors. Then the state will be matched to determine if the relevant behavior rule has been stored in database. If the rule is present, an action will be chosen in accordance with the knowledge and the rules, and the matching weight will be refined. Otherwise the new rule will be joined in the database. The robots learn according to a given sequence and share the behavior database. We examine the algorithm by multi-robot following-surrounding behavior, and find that the improved algorithm can effectively accelerate the convergence speed.

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20

Degefu, Dagmawi Mulugeta, Weijun He, and Jian Hua Zhao. "Transboundary water allocation under water scarce and uncertain conditions: a stochastic bankruptcy approach." Water Policy 19, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.031.

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Designing a feasible and stable water sharing mechanism for transboundary river basins is a big challenge. The stochastic and uncertain characteristics of water flow in these rivers is among the main reasons which make the formation of cooperative coalitions with feasible water allocations and self-enforceable allocation agreements difficult. When the water in these river basins is scarce the task becomes even more challenging. This article focuses on the application of stochastic game theoretic extension of the bankruptcy concept to transboundary water resource sharing under water scarce and uncertain conditions. Among the water allocation vectors obtained from stochastic bankruptcy rules only the ones from the stochastic constrained equal awards rule were self-enforcing under uncertainty. Furthermore, the authors also proposed an allocation rule that can be used under a stochastic setting. The proposed rule provides water allocations that are self-enforcing in the absence of uncertainty. Generally, the application of the stochastic bankruptcy approach could be a source of important strategic information which can serve for the sustainable sharing and management of these vital sources of fresh water, particularly during water scarcity.

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21

Mazzuca, Sebastián, and James A. Robinson. "Political Conflict and Power Sharing in the Origins of Modern Colombia." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 285–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-085.

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Abstract After a long period of chaos, political order in Colombia emerged in the mid-1900s. This transition was driven by a change in the institutional allocation of political power. After the Thousand Days’ War, Colombia’s two parties agreed to share power by means of a new set of electoral rules. The incomplete vote, the cornerstone of the new electoral rules, was a strategic concession by the Conservative government to the Liberal opposition. In exchange for permanent representation in the legislatures, Liberals abandoned military insurrection as a political strategy. Transition to proportional representation was completed in 1929 with the introduction of the quotient rule. The quotient rule was also a concession from the government. However, it was not driven by Liberalism’s potential military power but by the institutional power that Liberalism had accumulated since the first concession.

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22

Zhang, Xiaheng, Zekai Lin, and Lin Xiao. "Simulation Research on Information-Sharing Value of Two-Level Supply Chain." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5361887.

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In the two-stage supply chain model, the incentive effect to the supplier’s sharing of demand information and performance evaluation and the effect of various parameters on the incentive effect of the supply chain are studied through a multiagent simulation model constructed for the purpose. It is found that the incentive coefficient of demand information-sharing degree, the number of selected suppliers, the order allocation coefficient, and the order proportion are positively related to the incentive effect of demand information sharing. So, the greater the demand information sharing is, the greater the impact of these parameters on the incentive effect is. Based on the demand information sharing, the supplier performance evaluation rules are shared, and when the actual evaluation rules are inconsistent with the supplier’s expectations, the incentive effect is further enhanced. Other parameters do not affect the incentive effect of demand information sharing and performance evaluation rule sharing.

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23

Peña Neira, Sergio. "Interpretation and Application of International Legal Obligation in a National Legal System: Taking Seriously Benefit Sharing from the Utilization of Genetic Resources in India." Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional 1, no. 17 (March 14, 2017): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487872e.2017.17.11048.

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In taking seriously the interpretation and application of international obligations on sharing of benefits equitably on genetic resources, India has decided for a law, rules and guidelines to define equitableness as well as a “case by case” assessment. In doing so, lessons from various cases in which (un)successfully benefits have been shared as well as the rule of application of Article 15.7 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (rules should be enacted as well as policies and “other measures”) were considered in a national Act on this subject. The process of law creation as a consequence of incorporation, therefore, is a dual process: interpretation (of a general international legal rule to determine specifically the national requirements to fulfil vague terms used in the rule) and, at the same time, application of these international rules (by enacting national legal rules defining the objects of legal regulation established by the treaty). Interpretation and application of article 15.7 in India has been defined ruling beyond obligation establishing legal objects and subjects, equitableness, fairness of sharing benefits and standards for a final amount, basically, detailing legal requirements and defining “equity” and “justice” as distribution, synallagma and procedure.

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24

ANAN, Aya. "THE PROCESS OF SHARING RULE IN CHILDREN'S PLAY." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 37, no. 3 (1989): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.37.3_218.

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25

Cherchye, Laurens, Bram De Rock, Arthur Lewbel, and Frederic Vermeulen. "Sharing Rule Identification for General Collective Consumption Models." Econometrica 83, no. 5 (2015): 2001–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta10839.

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26

Recer, Gregg M., and Thomas Caraco. "Food sharing, survival and the habitat-matching rule." Animal Behaviour 37 (January 1989): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(89)90015-8.

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27

Novodvorsky, Ingrid. "Sharing Teaching Ideas: Derivatives Project." Mathematics Teacher 91, no. 4 (April 1998): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.91.4.0298.

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This project is one that I have been using for the past three years in my Advanced Placement physicscalculus and calculus classes. Before this project, I had introduced the power rule as a given fact and then demonstrated with graphs of monomials that the derivative is of one less power than the original function. I also used the formal proof involving the limit definition of the derivative. However, I sometimes felt that this method fell into the realm of “it should be intuitively obvious to even the most casual observer that …,” and my students never truly realized how the power rule for monomials elegantly expresses the concept that the derivative is the slope of a function.

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28

Shen, Caixia. "The effects of major U.S. domestic airline code sharing and profit sharing rule." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 26, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 590–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jems.12202.

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29

Benz, Arthur. "Shared Rule vs Self-Rule? Bicameralism, Power-Sharing and the ‘Joint Decision Trap’." Perspectives on Federalism 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pof-2018-0015.

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Abstract In federal and regionalised states, bicameralism constitutes shared rule between levels of governments. At the same time, second chambers serve as a safeguard protecting selfrule of decentralised governments against the encroachments of central legislation into their areas of responsibility. Both functions seem to be best fulfilled in legislative systems requiring joint decisions of legislative chambers. Depending on particular conditions, joint decision-making involves the risk that legislation ends with ineffective compromises or even fails. Under favourable conditions, it provides a productive structure to apply shared rule and protect self-rule. Comparative studies can identify these conditions, and appropriate ways to adjust institutional designs of bicameralism accordingly, bearing in mind that significant institutional reforms of bicameral systems are difficult to achieve.

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30

Wang, WenJie, Qi Xu, and Dandan Fan. "Stein-Rule Combination Forecasting on RFID Based Supply Chain." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 35, no. 02 (April 2018): 1840001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595918400018.

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Radio frequency identification technology has been applied in many fields, especially in logistics operations and supply chain management. Supply chain coordination among partners, which is the core part of supply chain management, can be more practical and effective through sharing real-time product data along the supply chain tracked by RFID technology. This paper focused on the study of the supply chain collaborative forecasting process by sharing RFID real-time data. The collaborative forecasting process among supply chain partners based on the sharing RFID product data is discussed for product demand decision in the paper at first. Then, a Stein-rule combination-forecasting model is proposed to integrate the forecasting knowledge and coordinate forecasting process between the retailers and manufactures shared the RFID data in the supply chain. Moreover, in order to enhance collaborative forecasting precision an error correction combination-forecasting model is discussed. Finally, the outcomes of mathematics simulation verify that the forecast combinations with Stein-rule estimation rules and error correction algorithms are effective to improve forecast precision and coordinate RFID-based supply chain.

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31

MATHIS, JÉRÔME. "Deliberation with Evidence." American Political Science Review 105, no. 3 (August 2011): 516–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000244.

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In committee deliberation, requiring a unanimous vote intuitively provides the strongest incentives for actors to share fully their opinions and private information. It is also believed that full revelation of (decision-relevant) information occurs when personal biases are made clear before deliberation. However, recent literature suggests that both intuitions are flawed. Austen-Smith and Feddersen propose a model in which the unanimity rule performs worse than other rules in promoting fully revealing deliberation, and uncertainty about individuals' preferences promotes full sharing of information. We extend this work by incorporating the possibility that individuals may provide verifiable evidence for their private information. Under this circumstance, we demonstrate that Austen-Smith and Feddersen's results are reversed. First, a unanimous voting rule performs better than any other, as unanimity is the only rule that always promotes fully revealing deliberation. Second, under fairly general conditions, uncertainty about individuals' preferences prevents full sharing of information.

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32

Bergantiños, Gustavo, and Juan D. Moreno-Ternero. "Sharing the Revenues from Broadcasting Sport Events." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3313.

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We study the problem of sharing the revenues from broadcasting sport league events among participating teams. We provide direct, axiomatic, and game-theoretical foundations for two focal rules: the equal-split rule and concede-and-divide. The former allocates the revenues generated from broadcasting each game equally among the participating teams in the game. The latter concedes each team the revenues from its fan base and divides equally the residual. We also provide an application studying the case of sharing the revenue from broadcasting games in La Liga, the Spanish Football League. We show that hybrid schemes, combining our rules with lower bounds and performance measures, yield close outcomes to the current allocation being implemented by the Spanish National Professional Football League Association. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.

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33

CENTNER, T. J. "Coordinating fence law with range management strategies in the USA." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000217.

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In areas where livestock production predominates, a ‘fence-out rule’ as opposed to a ‘fence-in rule’ has been advocated due to perceived economic advantages associated with open-range livestock production; people desiring to have no livestock on their properties need to construct fences. Yet a region's total economy may be enhanced by moving away from established fence-out and cost-sharing rules. With changes in public perceptions of property rights, advances in technology, and the acquisition of new scientific information, fence rules should be expected to evolve. This paper articulates political, economic and scientific considerations in the USA that may be contemplated by citizens and elected officials for altering directives controlling livestock. To promote economic efficiency and social well-being, the paper advocates the scrutiny of existing fence-out and cost-sharing rules in a region to determine whether alternative rules should be preferred. The demise of fence-out rules in some areas in the USA and other countries could help achieve a more sustainable use of range resources.

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34

KRAFT, KORNELIUS, and PIA STEBLER. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT AFTER DIVORCE." International Game Theory Review 08, no. 04 (December 2006): 561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198906001119.

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This paper analyses whether the effect of compensation of former spouses after divorce has an impact on the probability of divorces occurring. In particular, it is assumed that the income difference after divorce is shared equally between former spouses, in line with rules in Germany. The reference situation within the marriage is, on the one hand, Nash-bargaining and, on the other, Becker-type altruistic sharing. It turns out that sharing increases the probability of divorce where there are no changes in labor supply. If labor supply is adjusted to the sharing rules after divorce, no general result is possible. If productivity is similar, the sharing rule will lead to less divorces than in the absence of such a regulation. However with large productivity differences separations are more probable in the case of income sharing compared to a situation without such a compensation. Labor supply adjustment in general reduces the number of divorces compared to the situation without labor supply adjustment.

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35

Hartzell, Caroline A., and Matthew Hoddie. "Power Sharing and the Rule of Law in the Aftermath of Civil War." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz023.

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Abstract What effect do power-sharing institutions agreed to as part of civil war settlements have on the development of the rule of law in post–civil war states? We contend that power-sharing measures facilitate the emergence of the rule of law in two ways. First, they establish a form of institutional constraint that promotes judicial autonomy and independence. Second, they foster a sense of security among judges and other political actors that bolsters commitment to the law. We demonstrate the plausibility of a positive relationship between power sharing and the rule of law through an analysis of post–civil war states between the years 1948 and 2006. Our findings suggest that civil war settlements can help to establish the rule of law when they include mechanisms aimed at allaying the insecurities of political actors in the postconflict environment.

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36

Heendeniya, Charitha Buddhika. "Agent-based modeling of a rule-based community energy sharing concept." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900001.

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In an energy community, the prosumers’ interactions are critical to ensure efficient use of renewable resources. Local energy sharing concepts where a coordinating agent typically regulates the energy transactions between prosumers intend to achieve such a sharing economy. The coordinating agent, known as the market agent or energy sharing agent, acts according to a set of rules to match the prosumers’ renewable energy surpluses and deficits. This paper describes an agent-based modeling strategy and a case study to demonstrate the interactions in an energy sharing community where each agent individually and collectively attempts to maximize renewable energy self-consumption. The prosumers attempt to achieve their individual and collective objectives by following a two-step rule-based strategy. In the first step, a building-integrated battery storage operation strategy based on a schedule improves the prosumer-level self-consumption while providing grid-friendly behavior. The next step involves an energy sharing strategy and an operating strategy for community-scale battery storage that maximizes the collective selfconsumption. Throughout the transactions, prosumers have no visibility of other prosumers; therefore, the energy sharing coordinator has the sole responsibility of orchestrating the energy exchanges between prosumers. Finally, we discuss the significance and future research outlook for energy interaction modeling at a community scale.

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37

Fanti, Luciano, and Domenico Buccella. "Social Welfare and Profit-Sharing Rule in a Unionised Duopoly with Profit Tax/Subsidy." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 226, no. 3 (September 2018): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.18.3.3.

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38

B, Murugeshwari, Jayakumar C, and Sarukesi K. "Secure Multi Party Computation Technique for Classification Rule Sharing." International Journal of Computer Applications 55, no. 7 (October 20, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8764-2683.

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39

Razzolini, Laura, Michael Reksulak, and Robert Dorsey. "An Experimental Evaluation of the Serial Cost Sharing Rule." Theory and Decision 63, no. 3 (April 3, 2007): 283–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-007-9038-2.

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40

Hu, B., G. Matthew Fricke, J. R. Faeder, R. G. Posner, and W. S. Hlavacek. "GetBonNie for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models." Bioinformatics 25, no. 11 (March 25, 2009): 1457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp173.

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41

Magaloni, Beatriz. "Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 4-5 (April 2008): 715–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007313124.

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To survive in office, dictators need to establish power-sharing arrangements with their ruling coalitions, which are often not credible. If dictators cannot commit to not abusing their “loyal friends”—those who choose to invest in the existing autocratic institutions rather than in forming subversive coalitions— they will be in permanent danger of being overthrown, both by members of the ruling elite and by outside rivals. This article explores the role of autocratic political parties and elections (both one-party and multiparty) in mitigating the commitment problem, making power-sharing between the dictator and his ruling coalition possible.

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42

王, 瑶. "Research on the Normal Rule of Sharing Small Functions." Pure Mathematics 13, no. 04 (2023): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/pm.2023.134093.

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43

Vanderbeke, Dirk. "Sharing Humanity." Extrapolation: Volume 61, Issue 3 61, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/extr.2020.16.

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In science fiction, the construction of alien life forms is usually less concerned with the exploration of the other than with reflections on the human condition and our status in evolving environments. Joan Slonczewski’s Elysium Cycle is no exception to this rule, and its four novels discuss the question, “What does it mean to be human?” in ever new contexts. But instead of the action-driven plots that frequently structure tales of interstellar travel and colonization, we find a focus on negotiations between the different agents and representatives of alternate life forms to avoid escalating conflicts. Within these novels, the outbreak of large-scale violence can ultimately be prevented by compromise, but also by a willingness to recognize the similar in the other, the familiar in the non-human. This paper explores not only these aspects in Slonczewski’s novels, but also her feminist and participatory epistemology as the basis for an alternative practice of science and politics.

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Yang, Guang, and Paul Block. "Water sharing policies conditioned on hydrologic variability to inform reservoir operations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): 3617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3617-2021.

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Abstract. Water resources infrastructure is critical for energy and food security; however, the development of large-scale infrastructure, such as hydropower dams, may significantly alter downstream flows, potentially leading to water resources management conflicts and disputes. Mutually agreed upon water sharing policies for the operation of existing or new reservoirs is one of the most effective strategies for mitigating conflict, yet this is a complex task involving the estimation of available water, identification of users and demands, procedures for water sharing, etc. A water sharing policy framework that incorporates reservoir operating rules optimization based on conflicting uses and natural hydrologic variability, specifically tailored to drought conditions, is proposed. First, the trade-off between downstream and upstream water availability utilizing multi-objective optimization of reservoir operating rules is established. Next, reservoir operation with the candidate (optimal) rules is simulated, followed by their performance evaluations, and the rule selections for balancing water uses. Subsequently, a relationship between the reservoir operations simulated from the selected rules and drought-specific conditions is built to derive water sharing policies. Finally, the reservoir operating rules are re-optimized to evaluate the effectiveness of the drought-specific water sharing policies. With a case study of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile river, it is demonstrated that the derived water sharing policy can balance GERD power generation and downstream releases, especially in dry conditions, effectively sharing the hydrologic risk in inflow variability among riparian countries. The proposed framework offers a robust approach to inform water sharing policies for sustainable management of water resources.

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DEL REY, A. MARTÍN, and G. RODRÍGUEZ SÁNCHEZ. "SHARING SECRETS USING ELEMENTARY CELLULAR AUTOMATA." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 11 (November 2007): 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107011613.

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In this paper, a new cryptographic protocol to securely share a secret among a set of participants is presented. It is based on the use of non-reversible elementary cellular automata with rule numbers 90 and 150. The protocol is shown to be perfect and ideal.

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Chen, An, Thai Nguyen, and Manuel Rach. "A collective investment problem in a stochastic volatility environment: The impact of sharing rules." Annals of Operations Research 302, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-03983-8.

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AbstractIt is typical in collectively administered pension funds that employees delegate fund managers to invest their contributions. In addition, many pension funds still need to sustain guarantees (prescribed by law) in spite of the current low interest environment. In this paper, we consider an optimal collective investment problem for a pool of investors who (implicitly) demand minimum guarantees by deriving utility from the wealth exceeding their guarantees in two financial market settings, one with a stochastic and one with a constant volatility. We find that individual investors’ well-being will not be worsened through the collective investment in both financial markets, as individual optimal solutions are attainable if a financially fair state-dependent sharing rule is applied. When more prevailing sharing rules like linear rules are applied, this holds no longer. Furthermore, the degree of sub-optimality imposed by linear sharing rules is more pronounced in the stochastic volatility market than in the constant volatility market.

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FERNANDEZ, LINDA. "Wastewater pollution abatement across an international border." Environment and Development Economics 14, no. 1 (February 2009): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004543.

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ABSTRACTA differential game model is developed to compare incentives for wastewater pollution abatement of upstream and downstream countries under cooperative and noncooperative strategies. The Tijuana River is the empirical setting of water flow from south (Mexico) to north (US) where pollution stock accumulates. Asymmetry between the upstream and downstream countries for costs, damages, and emissions influences incentives to abate pollution. Cost minimization is achieved as the US can finance pollution abatement in Mexico. Game sharing rules (Shapley value, Chander–Tulkens rule, Helsinki rule, egalitarian rule) are analyzed. Financial transfers from two North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) institutions are examined. In most cases of cooperation, transfer payments are positive from downstream to upstream for reductions in flow and stock of pollution. Transfer size varies according to the rule and sensitivity analysis of changes in abatement costs and damages. The two institutions follow a variation of the Helsinki rule.

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Milanovic, Milan, Dragan Gasevic, Adrian Giurca, Gerd Wagner, Sergey Lukichev, and Vladan Devedzic. "Model transformations to bridge concrete and abstract syntax of web rule languages." Computer Science and Information Systems 6, no. 2 (2009): 47–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis0902047m.

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This paper presents a solution to bridging the abstract and concrete syntax of a Web rule languages by using model transformations. Current specifications of Web rule languages such as Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) or RuleML define their abstract syntax (e.g., metamodel) and concrete syntax (e.g., XML schema) separately. Although the recent research in the area of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) demonstrates that such a separation of two types of syntax is a good practice (due to the complexity of languages), one should also have tools that check validity of rules written in a concrete syntax with respect to the abstract syntax of the rule language. In this study, we use the REWERSE I1 Rule Markup Language (R2ML), SWRL, and Object Constraint Language (OCL), whose abstract syntax is defined by using metamodeling, while their textual concrete syntax is defined by using either XML/RDF schema or Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) syntax. We bridge this gap by a bi-directional transformation defined in a model transformation language (ATLAS Transformation Language, ATL). This transformation allowed us to discover a number of issues in both web rule language metamodels and their corresponding concrete syntax, and thus make them fully compatible. This solution also enables for sharing web rules between different web rule languages.

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Nong, Qingqin, Jiapeng Wang, Suning Gong, and Saijun Guo. "A bin packing game with cardinality constraints under the best cost rule." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 11, no. 02 (April 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830919500228.

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We consider the bin packing problem with cardinality constraints in a non-cooperative game setting. In the game, there are a set of items with sizes between 0 and 1, and a number of bins each of which has a capacity of 1. Each bin can pack at most [Formula: see text] items, for a given integer parameter [Formula: see text]. The social cost is the number of bins used in the packing. Each item tries to be packed into one of the bins so as to minimize its cost. The selfish behaviors of the items result in some kind of equilibrium, which greatly depends on the cost rule in the game. We say a cost rule encourages sharing if for an item, compared with sharing a bin with some other items, staying in a bin alone does not decrease its cost. In this paper, we first show that for any bin packing game with cardinality constraints under an encourage-sharing cost rule, the price of anarchy of it is at least [Formula: see text]. We then propose a cost rule and show that the price of anarchy of the bin packing game under the rule is [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text].

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FERNANDEZ, LINDA. "MARINE SHIPPING TRADE AND INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." International Game Theory Review 08, no. 01 (March 2006): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198906000849.

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Addressing the international threat of invasive species to biodiversity worldwide requires an international context due to the nature of the transboundary pollution. This paper presents a comparison of strategies to address the invasive species problem in noncooperative versus cooperative differential games. Asymmetry between the countries in terms of abatement costs and damages enables the investigation of sharing rules under cooperation. The empirical analysis includes data of maritime trade as a vector of invasive species pollution at ports along the Pacific coast of NAFTA countries. The Chander/Tulkens cost sharing rule induces countries to cooperate and achieve lower invasive species stock than under noncooperation.

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