Journal articles on the topic 'Sharing and access practices'
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Villanueva, Angela G., Robert Cook-Deegan, Jill O. Robinson, Amy L. McGuire, and Mary A. Majumder. "Genomic Data-Sharing Practices." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 1 (2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519840482.
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Making data broadly accessible is essential to creating a medical information commons (MIC). Transparency about data-sharing practices can cultivate trust among prospective and existing MIC participants. We present an analysis of 34 initiatives sharing DNA-derived data based on public information. We describe data-sharing practices captured, including practices related to consent, privacy and security, data access, oversight, and participant engagement. Our results reveal that data-sharing initiatives have some distance to go in achieving transparency.
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Mauthner, Natasha Susan, and Odette Parry. "Open Access Digital Data Sharing: Principles, Policies and Practices☆." Social Epistemology 27, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2012.760663.
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Shabani, Mahsa, and Mojisola Obasa. "Transparency and objectivity in governance of clinical trials data sharing: Current practices and approaches." Clinical Trials 16, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519865517.
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Sharing metadata, individual participant data and summary data, as a complement to results dissemination and trial registration requirements, is perceived to be advantageous by enabling faster and more accurate meta-analyses and reducing the need for additional trials. To date, various models of data access have been utilized in order to manage clinical trials data sharing and access in line with the rights and interests of sponsors, researchers and patients involved in clinical trials. In order to ensure responsible data sharing, the data access review process should be developed in a way that ensures fairness, transparency and objectivity. In this article, we critically review some examples of current governance models in clinical trials data sharing and suggest approaches to ensure the objectivity of the data access review process.
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Franzen, Margaret, and James Eaves. "Effect of market access on sharing practices within two Huaorani communities." Ecological Economics 63, no. 4 (September 2007): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.001.
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Saeed, Saqib, Volkmar Pipek, Markus Rohde, Christian Reuter, Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti de Carvalho, and Volker Wulf. "Nomadic Knowledge Sharing Practices and Challenges: Findings From a Long-Term Case Study." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 63564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916903.
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Jurana, Andi Chairil Furqan, and Rahma Masdar. "PENTINGNYA PRAKTIK AKUNTANSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKSES PEMBIAYAAN BAGI HASIL." Imanensi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi Islam 6, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34202/imanensi.6.2.2021.109-116.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pentingnya praktik akuntansi pada industri kreatif di Palu dalam meningkatkan akses pembiayaan bagi hasil. Dua analisis data dilakukan, pertama analisis statistik deskriptif untuk mengetahui sejauhmana praktik akuntansi dijalankan pelaku UMKM, kedua menggunakan regresi linear sederhana untuk mengetahui persepsi pelaku UMKM industri kreatif tentang akses terhadap pembiayaan bagi hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM di Palu belum mempraktikkan akuntansi sesuai SAK-ETAP, sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap akses pembiayaan bagi hasil. Tersedianya laporan keuangan sesuai SAK ETAP akan memudahkan bank menganalisis prospek usaha dan kemampuan calon nasabah dalam pengembalian pembiayaan.
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This study aims to determine the importance of accounting practices in the creative industry in Palu in increasing access to profit-sharing financing. Two data analyzes were carried out, firstly, descriptive statistical analysis to determine the extent to which accounting practices were carried out by MSME actors, secondly using simple linear regression to determine the perception of creative industry MSME actors regarding access to profit-sharing financing. The results of the study indicate that MSME actors in Palu have not practiced accounting according to SAK-ETAP, so that it will affect access to profit-sharing financing. The availability of financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP will make it easier for banks to analyze business prospects and the ability of prospective customers to repay financing.Implementation of Accounting and Access to Profit Sharing Financing in Creative Industries.
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Boué, Stéphanie, Michael Byrne, A. Wallace Hayes, Julia Hoeng, and Manuel C. Peitsch. "Embracing Transparency Through Data Sharing." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 6 (October 3, 2018): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581818803880.
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Low rates of reproducibility and translatability of data from nonclinical research have been reported. Major causes of irreproducibility include oversights in study design, failure to characterize reagents and protocols, a lack of access to detailed methods and data, and an absence of universally accepted and applied standards and guidelines. Specific areas of concern include uncharacterized antibodies and cell lines, the use of inappropriate sampling and testing protocols, a lack of transparency and access to raw data, and deficiencies in the translatability of findings to the clinic from studies using animal models of disease. All stakeholders—academia, industry, funding agencies, regulators, nonprofit entities, and publishers—are encouraged to play active roles in addressing these challenges by formulating and promoting access to best practices and standard operating procedures and validating data collaboratively at each step of the biomedical research life cycle.
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Patnaik, Archana, Joost Jongerden, and Guido Ruivenkamp. "Repossession through sharing of and access to seeds: different cases and practices." International Review of Sociology 27, no. 1 (October 16, 2016): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2016.1235213.
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Curtis, Steven Kane, and Matthias Lehner. "Defining the Sharing Economy for Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030567.
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(1) Background: The sharing economy has emerged as a phenomenon widely described by academic literature to promote more sustainable consumption practices such as access over ownership. However, there exists great semantic confusion within academic literature surrounding the term “sharing economy,” which threatens the realisation of its purported sustainability potential. (2) Objective: The aim of this paper is to synthesise the existing academic definitions and propose a definition of the sharing economy from the perspective of sustainability science in order to indicate sharing practices that are consistent with the sustainability claims attributed to the sharing economy. (3) Methods: We conduct a database search to collect relevant academic articles. Then, we leverage qualitative content analysis in order to analyse the authors’ definitions and to synthesise the broad dimensions of the sharing economy in the discourse. (4) Results: We propose the following characteristics, or semantic properties, of the sharing economy for sustainability: ICT-mediated, non-pecuniary motivation for ownership, temporary access, rivalrous and tangible goods. (5) Conclusion: The semantic properties that inform our definition of the sharing economy for sustainability indicate those sharing practices that promote sustainable consumption compared to purely market-based exchanges. This definition is relevant for academics studying the sustainability impacts of the sharing economy in order to promote comparability and compatibility in research. Furthermore, the definition is useful for policy-makers, entrepreneurs, managers and consumers that have the sharing economy on the agenda in order to promote social enterprise and support sustainable consumption.
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Robinson-Garcia, Nicolas, Rodrigo Costas, and Thed N. van Leeuwen. "Open Access uptake by universities worldwide." PeerJ 8 (July 8, 2020): e9410. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9410.
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The implementation of policies promoting the adoption of an open science (OS) culture must be accompanied by indicators that allow monitoring the uptake of such policies and their potential effects on research publishing and sharing practices. This study presents indicators of open access (OA) at the institutional level for universities worldwide. By combining data from Web of Science, Unpaywall and the Leiden Ranking disambiguation of institutions, we track OA coverage of universities’ output for 963 institutions. This paper presents the methodological challenges, conceptual discrepancies and limitations and discusses further steps needed to move forward the discussion on fostering OA and OS practices and policies.
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Smith, Shaun. "Hybrid networks, everyday life and social control: Electricity access in urban Kenya." Urban Studies 56, no. 6 (April 18, 2018): 1250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018760148.
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This article examines electricity access in Kisumu and Kitale, Kenya, through the mediation of land tenure relations. Despite a reported rapid expansion of formal network connectivity, various everyday practices have emerged, including piecemeal electricity purchase and communal meter sharing, which mean electricity access is controlled and mediated at various social scales. It is argued that such practices represent hybridised forms of electricity access and that landlord–tenant relations alter the socio-technical electricity network and how access is lived and experienced.
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Paget, Nicolas, Bruno Bonté, Olivier Barreteau, Gabriella Pigozzi, and Pierre Maurel. "An in-silico analysis of information sharing systems for adaptable resources management: a case study of oyster farmers." Socio-Environmental Systems Modelling 1 (May 14, 2019): 16166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/sesmo.2019a16166.
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Information sharing systems are often viewed as a potential way of increasing scrutiny by actors of their interactions with natural resources. Scrutiny is then seen as encouraging sustainable and adaptable management of the resource. We tackle this claim by using an agent-based model to focus on the specific issue of oyster farmers dealing with the deadly OsHV-1 virus by sharing information about their own experience (practices and outcomes) via their social network and/or an information sharing system. We followed closely what access to such information sharing means for the environment (production), agents (beliefs) and interactions between the environment and agents (practices). In the model, introducing information sharing leads to a decrease in mortality rates and a convergence in agents’ beliefs. Agents stop changing their practices earlier when they share information, but heterogeneity in agent decision-making models leads to wider exploration of possible strategies and increased production. Agent-based modelling proved a suitable method for studying the impacts of information sharing.
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Poudel, Bikash, Pitamber Shrestha, Bir Bahadur Tamang, and Abiskar Subedi. "Implementing ABS Regime in Nepal through Community Based Biodiversity Management Framework." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11 (September 16, 2010): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3664.
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It is very evident that there is lack of well accepted and verified mechanisms as well as institutional set up for the realization of farmers' rights, including the effective implementation of International Regime on Access to and Benefit Sharing (IRABS). Community Biodiversity Management (CBM) embed good practices, proven to be effective in in-situ conservation of biodiversity through conservation through use, they also provide a base for a range of practices which serve the basis for IRABS to be affable and affordable to local communities. CBM encompasses the good practices serving documentation, conservation, facilitating exchange, providing access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Moreover, CBM also provide institutional structure and mechanism to share the benefits accruing from commercial use of the genetic resources, directly and indirectly.Key words: Genetic resources; Associated traditional knowledge; Access and benefit sharing; farmers’ rights; Community biodiversity managementThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 148-157Uploaded date: 16 September, 2010
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Zoboli, Laura. "Fueling the European Digital Economy: A Regulatory Assessment of B2B Data Sharing." European Business Law Review 31, Issue 4 (August 1, 2020): 663–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020026.
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Data sharing activities among private players are an important drive for digitaldriven innovation, but they are still rare in the European Union. In its general effort to promote a European data economy, the Commission developed a policy aimed at incentivizing B2B data sharing. The article intends to unpack this policy and to verify whether its corresponding framework effectively enables B2B data sharing. To address this issue, the article identifies and discusses those factors that favor or hinder B2B data sharing practices in the European Union, including current practices, guidelines and regulation (or lack thereof). To complete the analysis, the article also investigates the conditions under which competition law can affect B2B data sharing. Finally, the author weighs all the issues and factors that have been raised, and discusses the measures to be adopted in order to properly incentivize B2B data sharing. Data sharing, B2B, EU data economy, digital single market, free flow of data, data access, GDPR, Regulation 2018/1807, portability, interoperability
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Rockhold, Frank, Christina Bromley, Erin K. Wagner, and Marc Buyse. "Open science: The open clinical trials data journey." Clinical Trials 16, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519865512.
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Open data sharing and access has the potential to promote transparency and reproducibility in research, contribute to education and training, and prompt innovative secondary research. Yet, there are many reasons why researchers don’t share their data. These include, among others, time and resource constraints, patient data privacy issues, lack of access to appropriate funding, insufficient recognition of the data originators’ contribution, and the concern that commercial or academic competitors may benefit from analyses based on shared data. Nevertheless, there is a positive interest within and across the research and patient communities to create shared data resources. In this perspective, we will try to highlight the spectrum of “openness” and “data access” that exists at present and highlight the strengths and weakness of current data access platforms, present current examples of data sharing platforms, and propose guidelines to revise current data sharing practices going forward.
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Shabani, Mahsa, Bartha Maria Knoppers, and Pascal Borry. "From the principles of genomic data sharing to the practices of data access committees." EMBO Molecular Medicine 7, no. 5 (March 10, 2015): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201405002.
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Guyader, Hugo. "No one rides for free! Three styles of collaborative consumption." Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 692–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-11-2016-0402.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on collaborative consumption, that is, the peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange of goods and services facilitated by online platforms. Anchored in the access paradigm, collaborative consumption (e.g. accommodation rental and ridesharing services) differs from commercial services offered by firms (e.g. business-to-customer [B2C] carsharing). The aim of this study is to examine the nuanced styles of collaborative consumption in relation to market-mediated access practices and socially mediated sharing practices. Design/methodology/approach Following the general research trend on mobility services, the context of long-distance ridesharing is chosen. Data collection was conducted using participant observation as peer service provider, 11 ethnographic interviews of consumers and a netnographic study of digital artifacts. Findings Using practice theory, ten ridesharing activities were identified. These activities and the nuances in the procedures, understandings and engagements in the ridesharing practice led to the distinction of three styles of collaborative consumption: communal collaborative consumption, which is when participants seek pro-social relationships in belonging to a community; consumerist collaborative consumption, performed by participants who seek status and convenience in the access lifestyle; and opportunistic collaborative consumption, when participants seek to achieve monetary gain or personal benefits from abusive activities. Originality/value By taking a phenomenological approach on collaborative consumption, this study adds to the understanding of the sharing economy as embedded in both a utilitarian/commercial economic system and a non-market/communal social system. The three styles of collaborative consumption propose a framework for future studies differentiating P2P exchanges from other practices (i.e. B2C access-based services and sharing).
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Bucy, Taylor, and Dori Cross. "INFORMATION SHARING TO SUPPORT CARE TRANSITIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH NEEDS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.997.
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Abstract Information sharing practices between hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are insufficient to effectively support patient handoffs. Information needs are even greater for SNFs that admit patients with complex behavioral needs. It is unclear whether these needs have prompted hospital investment in enhanced information sharing with these SNFs, and what strategies these facilities are using to meet informational needs. We use data from a 2019 nationally representative SNF survey (N=265, response rate 53%) designed to gather information on information sharing practices with hospital partners. 122 SNFs (57% of respondents) report accepting at least two of the following complex conditions: serious mental illness, substance use disorder, or medication assisted treatment. Using logistic regression models that adjust for facility ownership and rurality, SNFs that accept complex patients are significantly more likely to receive information on behavioral, mental, and functional status compared to facilities who accept none or only one type of complex patient (odds ratio=2.42; p=0.023). Unadjusted models indicate that facilities that accept complex patients lag in IT-facilitated access to hospital information, and report more difficulty securing timely access to information. The significance of these findings do not persist after adjustment, suggesting structural differences in the types of SNFs that hospitals are partnering with to improve information sharing. We conclude that while SNFs that accept complex patients are mostly keeping pace or even doing slightly better in terms of access to hospital information that supports transitional care, further investment is needed to improve hospital information sharing behaviors.
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Charbonneau, Deborah H., and Joan E. Beaudoin. "State of Data Guidance in Journal Policies: A Case Study in Oncology." International Journal of Digital Curation 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v10i2.375.
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This article reports the results of a study examining the state of data guidance provided to authors by 50 oncology journals. The purpose of the study was the identification of data practices addressed in the journals’ policies. While a number of studies have examined data sharing practices among researchers, little is known about how journals address data sharing. Thus, what was discovered through this study has practical implications for journal publishers, editors, and researchers. The findings indicate that journal publishers should provide more meaningful and comprehensive data guidance to prospective authors. More specifically, journal policies requiring data sharing, should direct researchers to relevant data repositories, and offer better metadata consultation to strengthen existing journal policies. By providing adequate guidance for authors, and helping investigators to meet data sharing mandates, scholarly journal publishers can play a vital role in advancing access to research data.
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Shen, Yi. "Research Data Sharing and Reuse Practices of Academic Faculty Researchers: A Study of the Virginia Tech Data Landscape." International Journal of Digital Curation 10, no. 2 (May 14, 2016): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v10i2.359.
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This paper presents the results of a research data assessment and landscape study in the institutional context of Virginia Tech to determine the data sharing and reuse practices of academic faculty researchers. Through mapping the level of user engagement in “openness of data,” “openness of methodologies and workflows,” and “reuse of existing data,” this study contributes to the current knowledge in data sharing and open access, and supports the strategic development of institutional data stewardship. Asking faculty researchers to self-reflect sharing and reuse from both data producers’ and data users’ perspectives, the study reveals a significant gap between the rather limited sharing activities and the highly perceived reuse or repurpose values regarding data, indicating that potential values of data for future research are lost right after the original work is done. The localized and sporadic data management and documentation practices of researchers also contribute to the obstacles they themselves often encounter when reusing existing data.
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Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael, Antonio Vidal-Infer, Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo, Fernanda Peset, and Antonia Ferrer Sapena. "Research Data Sharing in Spain: Exploring Determinants, Practices, and Perceptions." Data 5, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5020029.
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This work provides an overview of a Spanish survey on research data, which was carried out within the framework of the project Datasea at the beginning of 2015. It is covered by the objectives of sustainable development (goal 9) to support the research. The purpose of the study was to identify the habits and current experiences of Spanish researchers in the health sciences in relation to the management and sharing of raw research data. Method: An electronic questionnaire composed of 40 questions divided into three blocks was designed. The three Section s contained questions on the following aspects: (A) personal information; (B) creation and reuse of data; and (C) preservation of data. The questionnaire was sent by email to a list of universities in Spain to be distributed among their researchers and professors. A total of 1063 researchers completed the questionnaire. More than half of the respondents (54.9%) lacked a data management plan; nearly a quarter had storage systems for the research group; 81.5% used personal computers to store data; “Contact with colleagues” was the most frequent means used to locate and access other researchers’ data; and nearly 60% of researchers stated their data were available to the research group and collaborating colleagues. The main fears about sharing were legal questions (47.9%), misuse or interpretation of data (42.7%), and loss of authorship (28.7%). The results allow us to understand the state of data sharing among Spanish researchers and can serve as a basis to identify the needs of researchers to share data, optimize existing infrastructure, and promote data sharing among those who do not practice it yet.
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Fisher, Dennis G., Colin R. Harbke, John R. Canty, and Grace L. Reynolds. "Needle and Syringe Cleaning Practices among Injection Drug Users." Journal of Drug Education 32, no. 2 (June 2002): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2hmc-w575-5m2e-g3lu.
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Bleach-mediated disinfection (BMD) of needles and syringes (NS) has been advocated as a risk-reduction intervention against HIV among injection drug users (IDUs). The effect of needle exchange on the BMD practices of 176 NS-sharing IDUs was evaluated. IDUs were randomly assigned to either 1) Pharmacy Sales Condition, access to NS via legal sales of nonprescription NS; or 2) Needle Exchange Condition, with additional access to NS via an experimental needle exchange program. Repeated measures analysis revealed a main effect of time on BMD, no effect of assignment condition, and no time by assignment interaction. Logistic regression revealed IDUs who traded sex for money or drugs were less likely to practice BMD, and IDUs who reported a reduced number of sex partners were more likely to practice BMD. Future interventions should incorporate behavioral BMD components and address the concerns of those who trade sex for money or drugs.
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Fraser, Alan. "Modernising Government and the Law in Scotland." Legal Information Management 4, no. 3 (August 2004): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669604001677.
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Alan Fraser of the Scottish Executive's 21st Century Government Unit explains how they are helping the public sector in Scotland to modernise its service provision to embrace electronic delivery methods, data sharing and development of best practices, all to improve the ordinary citizens' access to information.
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VÄYRYNEN, HANNELE, NINA HELANDER, and TYTTI VASELL. "KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN INNOVATION: COMPARING RESEARCH RESULTS BETWEEN SMEs AND LARGE COMPANIES." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 05 (June 2017): 1740004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617400047.
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Knowledge co-creation and effective knowledge sharing boost innovativeness in companies. However, rapidly developing technologies and constant changes in the business environment challenge the companies’ practices for knowledge management (KM). The purpose of this paper is to compare the key KM practices and their effect on open innovation between the small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs) and the large companies, and as empirical focus, comparing them through quantitative survey and complementary qualitative interviews. The results indicate that large companies are more externally open to innovate than SMEs and the large companies also value open dialog and knowledge sharing more. Whereas, SMEs seem to rely more on developing their internal practices to support innovativeness. In the both company sizes technology is used rather poorly to support access to open data and networks. The identified factors provide insights for developing KM practices that support open innovation in varying sizes of companies.
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Vaarzon-Morel, Petronella, Linda Barwick, and Jennifer Green. "Sharing and storing digital cultural records in Central Australian Indigenous communities." New Media & Society 23, no. 4 (April 2021): 692–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820954201.
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This article considers how Indigenous peoples in Central Australia share and keep digital records of events and cultural knowledge in a period of rapid technological change. To date, research has focused upon the development of digital archives and platforms that reflect Indigenous epistemologies and incorporation of protocols governing access to information. Yet there is scant research on how individuals with little access to such media share and hold—or not, as the case may be—digital cultural information. After surveying current enabling infrastructures in Central Australia, we examine how materials are held and shared when people do not have easy access to databases and the Internet. We analyze examples of practices of sharing materials to draw out issues that arise in managing storage and circulation of cultural records via Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives, mobile phones, and other devices. We consider how the affordances of various platforms support, extend, and/or challenge Indigenous socialities and ontologies.
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Ford, Colin Andrew. "Equity and Digital Literacies: Issues of Access, Ethics and Engagement in a Youth Community Setting." Language and Literacy 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29409.
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This article reports on the issue of confidentiality faced by a community youth agency that provides access to digital technology for homeless or street-involved youth. Social media is the prevalent form of communication in displaced communities and presents certain ethical challenges as a result of creating and sharing media with potential unintended audiences. Ensuring ethical practices is a key aspect of the ongoing process of developing digital literacy that changes as technology evolves. It requires the facilitator’s focused attention to guide the youth in their ability to consider their digital footprint and potential unintended consequences of their practices.
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Toro, J. F., D. Carrion, A. Albertella, and M. A. Brovelli. "CROSS-BORDER OPEN DATA SHARING: GIOCONDA PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W14 (August 23, 2019): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-233-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Open Data, and Open Government Data, are proving to be an important resource for the economic development inside the domain where information has a key role (Carrara et al., 2015). Although, different practices for data publishing have led to misalignment, underuse and repetition of information (Bizer et al., 2011). For this reason, the Public Administrations have undergone efforts on integrating the information and promoting interoperability through the implementation of best practices, as for example, the use of a common semantics vocabulary for the metadata (DCAT) as proposed by the ISA2 programme of the European Commission. The Interreg Italy-Switzerland GIOCOnDA project has been proposed for enhancing the data sharing processes in the cross-border area, particularly addressing tourism and mobility that are key economic activities for the region. For this work, a review on the data catalogues published in dati.lombardia.it and opendata.swiss is presented. The revision of the datasets showed the need for: 1) defining common semantics for the description of the categories of data to avoid the arbitrary use of vocabularies, and 2) adopting standards for the description of geodata. On the other hand, it was observed the potential to gather existing information to produce geodata querying the datasets with specific keywords that can provide spatial information. Open data, as well as the use of best practices for publishing data, push towards the use of FOSS. In this work, Python has been exploited to analyse the content of the catalogues to access web portals resources.</p>
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Igumbor, Jude O., Edna N. Bosire, Marta Vicente-Crespo, Ehimario U. Igumbor, Uthman A. Olalekan, Tobias F. Chirwa, Sam M. Kinyanjui, Catherine Kyobutungi, and Sharon Fonn. "Considerations for an integrated population health databank in Africa: lessons from global best practices." Wellcome Open Research 6 (August 23, 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17000.1.
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Background: The rising digitisation and proliferation of data sources and repositories cannot be ignored. This trend expands opportunities to integrate and share population health data. Such platforms have many benefits, including the potential to efficiently translate information arising from such data to evidence needed to address complex global health challenges. There are pockets of quality data on the continent that may benefit from greater integration. Integration of data sources is however under-explored in Africa. The aim of this article is to identify the requirements and provide practical recommendations for developing a multi-consortia public and population health data-sharing framework for Africa. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of global best practices and policies on data sharing and its optimisation. We searched eight databases for publications and undertook an iterative snowballing search of articles cited in the identified publications. The Leximancer software © enabled content analysis and selection of a sample of the most relevant articles for detailed review. Themes were developed through immersion in the extracts of selected articles using inductive thematic analysis. We also performed interviews with public and population health stakeholders in Africa to gather their experiences, perceptions, and expectations of data sharing. Results: Our findings described global stakeholder experiences on research data sharing. We identified some challenges and measures to harness available resources and incentivise data sharing. We further highlight progress made by the different groups in Africa and identified the infrastructural requirements and considerations when implementing data sharing platforms. Furthermore, the review suggests key reforms required, particularly in the areas of consenting, privacy protection, data ownership, governance, and data access. Conclusions: The findings underscore the critical role of inclusion, social justice, public good, data security, accountability, legislation, reciprocity, and mutual respect in developing a responsive, ethical, durable, and integrated research data sharing ecosystem.
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Du, Peng, and Hsin-Hui Chou. "Sociomaterial practices for value co-creation in the sharing economy." Information Technology & People 33, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-10-2018-0477.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the research question of how human actors and technology interact together in practices in the context of a sharing economy. The theoretical foundation of this paper is based on the existing literature about the sharing economy and studies that have been carried out examining value co-creation and sociomateriality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative case study method for the empirical investigation. Using theoretical sampling, Xbed, an internet, unmanned and self-service hotel platform based in Guangzhou, China, was chosen for the empirical investigation. The case was built on multiple sources of data, including archival materials, on-site fieldwork and in-depth interviews. Then, the case was interpreted based on a number of theoretical concepts, with a particular emphasis on the sociomaterial perspective.FindingsThis paper shows how human actors and technology interact with one another in a number of interrelated ways, which collectively result in the value co-creation necessary for creating a sharing economy. The authors have found that various forms of sociomateriality (the intersection between technology, work and organization) play a key role in co-creation and that interactions between these sociomaterial assemblages (assemblage-to-assemblage (A2A)) drive the development of a sharing economy. These sociomaterial assemblages have dynamic and evolving characteristics.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that the key to the success of a sharing economy lies in how to engage participating actors with material entities (e.g. technology applications) to form action-enabling sociomaterial assemblages, as well as in determining how these assemblages can be systematically arranged to collectively form a larger assemblage. We suggest that managers need to conceive how relations between the social and the material realms can be structured by adopting a service logic that aims to help the beneficiary function better. The authors also suggest that managers have to consider what assemblages are necessary and how they are connected, to construct a full access-based service.Originality/valueThis paper conceptualizes the sharing economy as a system of value co-creation practices and empirically examines such practices from a sociomaterial perspective. This paper adopts the concept of sociomaterial assemblages to investigate sharing practices, through which the knowledge of the role of technology in the development of a sharing economy is enhanced. This paper also expands the knowledge of service-dominant logic by using a microfoundation perspective to look at the value co-creation that emerges as a result of the interaction between sociomaterial assemblages. These assemblages also act as constitutive elements of a service ecosystem.
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Andreoni, Valeria. "The Trap of Success: A Paradox of Scale for Sharing Economy and Degrowth." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083153.
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Over the recent years, the sharing economy has been discussed as a community-based solution for a more sustainable future. Supported by the development of information technologies and defined by a large range of activities based on the access of underutilized resources over ownership, the sharing economy has been framed as a socio-economic model that is able to increase social bonding and collaboration and to reduce the inefficient allocation of resources. Within this framework, the sharing economy seems to align with the ideas of degrowth, broadly defined as a downscaling of production and consumption activities oriented to increase environmental quality and social collaboration. Despite the connections existing between them, no previous studies investigate the two concepts together. By considering the evidence provided by previous literature, this paper maps the links and similarities existing between sharing economy and degrowth and analyzes the discrepancies existing between the promises of the sharing economy and the impacts generated by practices. A paradox of scale, where the sharing activities fail to deliver as a consequence of success is also discussed together with future research directions. This paper contributes to the existing debate around alternative economic models and can support the design of sustainable practices.
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Weller, Katrin, and Katharina Kinder-Kurlanda. "Uncovering the Challenges in Collection, Sharing and Documentation: The Hidden Data of Social Media Research?" Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 4 (August 3, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i4.14687.
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This paper offers insights into social media researchers’ everyday practices in dealing with constraints and challenges in the areas of data access, in terms of data collection and sharing, and data publication. We believe that such insights need to be taken into account when discussing methodology and epistemology of social media data to ensure that strategies employed to achieve validity are appropriate. A qualitative, ethnographic research approach (based on expert interviews, observation and a qualitative questionnaire) is used to capture the practices and discussions of a variety of social media researchers. The paper concludes that due to the current situation in data sharing and publication opportunities, both the actual research data and much of the technical knowledge in social media research remain hidden unless revealed by studying researchers’ everyday practices. Such studies reveal a considerable impact of external constraints on researchers’ attempts to achieve validity and better re-search quality.
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Shipman, Frank, and Catherine Marshall. "Creating and Sharing Records of Multiplayer Online Game Play: Practices and Attitudes." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14551.
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Online games offer multiple ways for players to interact. Recordings of these interactions are used for a variety of purposes. Such recordings raise ownership issues similar to those arising from the use of other online media. This paper presents an analysis of the attitudes and practices of 241 online gamers, 36% of whom reported recording gameplay and 29% of whom reported watching or accessing records of gameplay. We use a series of scenarios and hypothetical statements to elicit reactions to varying features of the production and use of these records; the parties involved, the type of records, and how they are used may all influence perceived ownership rights. Players are more sensitive to the recording and reuse of in-game textual communication than they are to recordings of avatar activity in the virtual world. Particularly negative reactions were elicited by scenarios that proposed a search capability over players’ textual communication or the reuse of such in-game communication in the software publisher’s advertisements. Additionally, players are skeptical of institutional archiving of such game content, although 50 year embargos on access brought attitudes in line with those for other media.
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Wilcke, Holger, and Rosa Manoim. "Contested Health Care System in Berlin: Are Illegalized Migrants Becoming Urban Citizens?" Social Inclusion 7, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2331.
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This article argues for an urban citizenship perspective which explores the struggle for rights and the everyday practices of illegalized migrants. Analyzing the concept of Anonymized Health Certificates as a result of such a struggle allows for examination of urban citizenship in this context. The implementation of the Anonymized Health Certificates program would facilitate access to medical care for people who live in the city of Berlin but are excluded from this right due to their lack of residency status. However, such a perspective also makes it possible to examine the limitation of the Anonymized Health Certificates, which would allow illegalized migrants in Berlin to circumvent access barriers, while at the same time the exclusion mechanisms of these barriers would remain uncontested at the national level. Whilst Anonymize Health Certificates will greatly improve access to medical care, illegalized migrants have by no means been passive subjects and have been actively rejecting their exclusion from health care: Practices include sharing health insurance cards with friends, visiting doctors who help for free as a form of solidarity, and sharing information about these doctors within their social networks. Even if they do not contest the social order visibly, they refuse to passively accept their social exclusion. Illegalized migrants perform such practices of urban citizenship in their everyday life as they actively take ownership of their rights to participate in urban life, even whilst being formally denied these rights.
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Bärkås, Annika, Isabella Scandurra, Hanife Rexhepi, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, and Maria Hägglund. "Patients’ Access to Their Psychiatric Notes: Current Policies and Practices in Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179140.
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Patients’ access to electronic health records (EHRs) is debated worldwide, and access to psychiatry records is even more criticized. There is a nationwide service in Sweden which offers all citizens the opportunity to read their EHR, including clinical notes. This study aims to explore Swedish national and local policy regulations regarding patients’ access to their psychiatric notes and describe to what extent patients currently are offered access to them. The rationale behind the study is that current policies and current practices may differ between the 21 self-governing regions, although there is a national regulation. We gathered web-based information from policy documents and regulations from each region’s website. We also conducted key stakeholder interviews with respondents from the regions and cross-regional private care providers, using a qualitative approach. The results show that 17 of 21 regions share psychiatric notes with patients, where forensic psychiatric care was the most excluded psychiatric care setting. All private care providers reported that they mainly follow the regions’ guidelines. Our findings show that regional differences concerning sharing psychiatric notes persist, despite Swedish regulations and a national policy that stipulates equal care for everyone. The differences, however, appear to have decreased over time, and we report evidence that the regions are moving toward increased transparency for psychiatry patients.
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Norris, Emma, Isra Sulevani, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, and Oscar Castro. "Assessing Open Science practices in physical activity behaviour change intervention evaluations." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 2 (May 2022): e001282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001282.
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ObjectivesConcerns on the lack of reproducibility and transparency in science have led to a range of research practice reforms, broadly referred to as ‘Open Science’. The extent that physical activity interventions are embedding Open Science practices is currently unknown. In this study, we randomly sampled 100 reports of recent physical activity randomised controlled trial behaviour change interventions to estimate the prevalence of Open Science practices.MethodsOne hundred reports of randomised controlled trial physical activity behaviour change interventions published between 2018 and 2021 were identified, as used within the Human Behaviour-Change Project. Open Science practices were coded in identified reports, including: study pre-registration, protocol sharing, data, materials and analysis scripts sharing, replication of a previous study, open access publication, funding sources and conflict of interest statements. Coding was performed by two independent researchers, with inter-rater reliability calculated using Krippendorff’s alpha.Results78 of the 100 reports provided details of study pre-registration and 41% provided evidence of a published protocol. 4% provided accessible open data, 8% provided open materials and 1% provided open analysis scripts. 73% of reports were published as open access and no studies were described as replication attempts. 93% of reports declared their sources of funding and 88% provided conflicts of interest statements. A Krippendorff’s alpha of 0.73 was obtained across all coding.ConclusionOpen data, materials, analysis and replication attempts are currently rare in physical activity behaviour change intervention reports, whereas funding source and conflict of interest declarations are common. Future physical activity research should increase the reproducibility of their methods and results by incorporating more Open Science practices.
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Antonczak, Laurent, Helen Keegan, and Thomas Cochrane. "mLearning and Creative Practices." International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 8, no. 4 (October 2016): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2016100103.
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The ethos of open sharing of experiences and user generated content enabled by Mobile social media can be problematic in some cases (politics, gender, minorities), and it is not fully understood within the creative and academic sector. Creative people, students, and lecturers can misconceive the value and issues around open and public access to their work online, which include: professionalism, Intellectual Property (IP), collaboration (Gayeski, 2002; Londsdale, Baber, Sharples, & Arvanitis, 2003), peer esteem VS individualism, amateurism, and paranoia. Collectively the authors of this paper have accrued a wide portfolio of experiences in global educational collaboration and practice-based research and, in this position paper, they highlight some of the key ethical challenges that they have found need to be negotiated within global mobile social media education (Andrews, Dyson, Smyth, & Wallace, 2011) and mobile media production (i.e.: photography and video – Wishart & Green, 2010). In order to ground this reflective discussion, the authors use Heutagogy as the learning and teaching framework to guide the qualitative analysis of a specific case study which is built upon the scenario-based approach utilised by Andrews et al., (2013).
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Krassowski, Marcin, and Grzegorz Młynarski. "Pozorny kryzys własności. Współdzielony rower miejski – koniec konsumpcji czy utopia współdzielenia?" Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, no. 4 (46) (2020): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.20.045.12849.
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In the following article, we explore interconnections between using bicycle sharing systems and the personal approach to ownership as well as to such practices as shared use and borrowing. Based on primary, qualitative research conducted in march 2020 we claim that public bicycles – despite their history rooted in ideas of common use – are perceived as one of many services available within the city. Users see them as useful in a particular situation but do not associate them with shared use or the common good. Therefore we claim that bike-sharing systems – despite optimism – cannot be classified as part of the sharing economy. Based on users opinions they should be classified as part of access based or collaborative consumption.
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Eckhardt, Giana M., Mark B. Houston, Baojun Jiang, Cait Lamberton, Aric Rindfleisch, and Georgios Zervas. "Marketing in the Sharing Economy." Journal of Marketing 83, no. 5 (July 9, 2019): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919861929.
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The last decade has seen the emergence of the sharing economy as well as the rise of a diverse array of research on this topic both inside and outside the marketing discipline. However, the sharing economy’s implications for marketing thought and practice remain unclear. This article defines the sharing economy as a technologically enabled socioeconomic system with five key characteristics (i.e., temporary access, transfer of economic value, platform mediation, expanded consumer role, and crowdsourced supply). It also examines the sharing economy’s impact on marketing’s traditional beliefs and practices in terms of how it challenges three key foundations of marketing: institutions (e.g., consumers, firms and channels, regulators), processes (e.g., innovation, branding, customer experience, value appropriation), and value creation (e.g., value for consumers, value for firms, value for society) and offers future research directions designed to push the boundaries of marketing thought. The article concludes with a set of forward-looking guideposts that highlight the implications of the sharing economy’s paradoxes, maturation, and technological development for marketing research. Collectively, this article aims to help marketing scholars not only keep pace with the sharing economy but also shape its future direction.
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Johnson-Jennings, Michelle D., Derek R. Jennings, Koushik Paul, and Meg M. Little. "Identifying needs and uses of digital Indigenous food knowledge and practices for an Indigenous Food Wisdom Repository." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 4 (September 9, 2020): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120954446.
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Indigenous food sovereignty and security are essential to Indigenous health and cultural perpetuity. Revitalization of traditional foodways can counteract the negative impacts of colonial food practices and policies on the health of Indigenous peoples. A mixed methods survey was conducted to describe the data needs of people working in Indigenous nutrition related fields. Results showed that nutrition education, academic scholarship, and community projects were the most frequently used data categories. With improved access, projects-in-progress and raw data would be utilized for reference and staying current. The most common barrier was not knowing where or how to access information. Raw research data, research, projects-in-progress, and tribal policy were the most difficult to access. The study concludes that an online Food Wisdom Repository can contribute to health equity by improving access to Indigenous knowledge and wise practices, cultivating culturally appropriate data sharing, and sustaining and extending current work in the field.
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Odhiambo, Felix Ouma, and Fredrick Ndede. "Credit Information Sharing Practices and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 8, 2019): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.79.
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The banking sector in Kenya suffered increased non-performing credits which prompted collapse of certain banks with an upsurge of loan defaulters. This was mainly attributed to the continued information asymmetry in the industry because of absence of a credit data sharing component. Commercial banks in Kenya have continued to encounter a number of challenges in obtaining information on customers’ payment history that helps guide on determining their ability to access and re-pay loan advancements. This has made more commercial banks to subscribe to credit reference bureaus since its establishment in 2008. As a result, commercial banks in Kenya have been experiencing high rates of Non-Performing Loans advanced to customers. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of credit information sharing practices on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to determine the effect of information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study was anchored by adverse selection theory, moral hazard theory and asymmetry theory. The researcher used a descriptive research design. The target population was five banks within Nairobi County including KCB, Equity Bank, Family Bank, Cooperative Bank and Barclays Bank. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data using financial statements of the commercial banks performance for the past 5 years. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found that information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports were positively and significantly related to the financial performance of the commercial banks. The study concludes that information accuracy increases the banks ' understanding of the applicants’ features and allows a more precise forecast of their probabilities of repayment, it decreases the information rents that banks could otherwise obtain from their clients and it can function as a borrower discipline tool. Lending volume enhances business banks ' enhanced operations, which in turn leads to banks’ enhanced economic results. Sharing of credit information has made commercial banks grant more loans on the basis of their reputation to deserving clients, thereby improving their profitability. When extensive consumer credit history information are easily accessible, it considerably decreases the cost of entering loan markets for fresh lenders, enhances competition and lowers credit rates. The research recommends that for enhanced results, all financial institutions in Kenya need to protect the precision of their platforms for data sharing. Regular site visits should offer credibility to the precision of the borrowers’ data. The data supplied by CRB should be used efficiently by commercial banks to lend to prospective borrowers. Only borrowers with a strong history of credit should be permitted access to the loans. The research also proposes that Kenya's commercial banks should base credit awards on the borrowers’ reputational assets, ensuring that the loan default rate is small, thus enhancing commercial bank performance.
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Zufferey, Noé, Kavous Salehzadeh Niksirat, Mathias Humbert, and Kévin Huguenin. ""Revoked just now!" Users' Behaviors Toward Fitness-Data Sharing with Third-Party Applications." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023, no. 1 (January 2023): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0004.
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The number of users of wearable activity trackers (WATs) has rapidly increased over the last decade. Although these devices enable their users to monitor their activities and health, they also raise new security and privacy concerns, given the sensitive data (e.g., steps, heart rate) they collect and the information that can be inferred from this data (e.g., diseases). In addition to sharing with the service providers (e.g., Fitbit), WAT users can share their fitness data with third-party applications (TPAs) and individuals. Understanding how and with whom users share their fitness data and what kind of approaches they take to preserve their privacy are key to assessing the underlying privacy risks and to further designing appropriate privacy-enhancing techniques. In this work, we perform, through a large-scale survey of N=628 WAT users, the first quantitative and qualitative analysis of users' awareness, understanding, attitudes, and behaviors toward fitness-data sharing with TPAs and individuals. By asking these users to draw their thoughts, we explore, in particular, users' practices and actual behaviors toward fitness-data sharing and their mental models. Our empirical results show that about half of WAT users underestimate the number of TPAs to which they have granted access to their data, and 63% share data with at least one TPA that they do not actively use (anymore). Furthermore, 29% of the users do not revoke TPA access to their data because they forget they gave access to it in the first place, and 8% were not even aware they could revoke access to their data. Finally, their mental models, as well as some of their answers, demonstrate substantial gaps in their understanding of the data-sharing process. Importantly, 67% of the respondents think that TPAs cannot access the fitness data that was collected before they granted access to it, whereas TPAs actually can do this.
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Sondervan, Jeroen, Arjan Schalken, Jan de Boer, and Saskia Woutersen-Windhouwer. "Sharing published short academic works in institutional repositories after six months." LIBER Quarterly: The Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries 31, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53377/lq.10915.
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The ambition of the Netherlands, laid down in the National Plan Open Science, is to achieve 100% open access for academic publications. The ambition was to be achieved by 2020. However, it is to be expected that for the year 2020 between 70% and 75% of the articles will be open access. Until recently, the focus of the Netherlands has been on the gold route - open access via journals and publishers’ platforms. This is likely to be costly and it is also impossible to cover all articles and other publication types this way. Since 2015, Dutch Copyright Act has offered an alternative with the implementation of Article 25fa (also known as the ‘Taverne Amendment’), facilitating the green route, i.e. open access via (trusted) repositories. This amendment allows researchers to share short scientific works (e.g. articles and book chapters in edited collections), regardless of any restrictive guidelines from publishers. From February 2019 until August 2019 all Dutch universities participated in the pilot ‘You Share, we Take Care!’ to test how this copyright amendment could be interpreted and implemented by institutions as a policy instrument to enhance green open access and “self-archiving”. In 2020 steps were taken to scale up further implementation of the amendment. This article describes the outcomes of this pilot and shares best practices on implementation and awareness activities in the period following the pilot until early 2021, in which libraries have played an instrumental role in building trust and working on effective implementations on an institutional level. It concludes with some possible next steps for alignment, for example on a European level.
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Greyson, Devon. "Health information practices of young parents." Journal of Documentation 73, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 778–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-07-2016-0089.
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Purpose Despite societal investment in providing health information to young parents, little is known about the health information practices of young parents themselves. The purpose of this paper is to explore young parents’ health information practices in context. Design/methodology/approach This constructivist grounded theory study investigates the health information practices of young mothers and fathers (age 16-23) in Greater Vancouver, Canada. Data were collected over 16 months via individual interviews with 39 young parents (37 mothers, 2 fathers) and observations at young parent programs. Inductive analysis was iterative with data collection. Findings Young parent health information practices emerged, clustering around concepts of information seeking, assessment, and use, with sharing conceptualised as a form of use. Many young parents were sophisticated information seekers, and most were highly networked using mobile technology. While access to information was rarely a barrier, assessment of the large quantity of health-related information posed challenges. Research limitations/implications These findings are not generalisable to all populations. Newly identified information-seeking practices such as defensive and subversive seeking should be explored further in future research. Practical implications Rather than focusing on quantity of information, health and information professionals trying to reach young parents should focus on fostering information literacy skills and building relationships as trusted information providers. Social implications Young parent experiences of social marginalisation influenced their information practices and should be taken into consideration. Originality/value This first investigation of young parent information practices can guide services and resources for young parents, suggests that sharing might be conceptualised as a subset of use, and highlights new information-seeking practices by marginalised individuals, such as defensive and subversive seeking.
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Koomson-Yalley, Elizabeth. "Information Sharing and Decision-Making: Attempts by Ghanaian Return Migrants to Enter through Libya." Social Inclusion 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3706.
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This article examines the relationship between irregular migration, access to information and migration decisions. Using semi-structured interviews of thirty irregular return migrants who failed to reach their European destinations through Libya, I show that irregular return migrants from Ghana rely predominantly on interpersonal sources, including colleagues, neighbors, friends and relatives, for information on migration. Return migrants seek information from those who have relevant experience with that kind of migration. Existing research focuses on information from ‘formal’ sources such as traditional print media, social media, library or workshops. Here I argue that this focus on access to information conceals the activities and practices of irregular return migrants who perceive European destinations as ‘greener pastures’ and seek information to travel through dangerous routes. Most irregular return migrants interviewed in this study indicated they had access to information from ‘informal’ sources often shared as ‘jokes.’ Although irregular return migrants perceive the information they gather through their everyday activities as reliable, their interactions involve complex and unstructured social processes.
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Morrow, Oona. "Community Self-Organizing and the Urban Food Commons in Berlin and New York." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 3641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133641.
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Food sharing and food commons have both been raised as possible solutions to unsustainable and unjust urban food systems. This paper draws upon ethnographic research conducted in Berlin and New York to examine self-organizing in community food initiatives that are to varying degrees creating urban food commons by opening up urban space and its fruits to community use, sharing, and governance. In New York, the organization 596 Acres has developed an interactive map of vacant land to help community members self-organize to gain access to, steward, and protect the “lots in their life” for urban growing. In Berlin, the organization foodsharing.de has developed an interactive web platform to decentralize and democratize the logistics of food rescue and redistribution through peer-to-peer gifting and community fridges. The paper examines the possibilities and limitations of socio-technical innovations as “tools for commoning,” for self-organizing imagination, access, care, and governance in urban food commons. The paper contributes to debates on the role of socio-technical innovation in urban food sharing and practices of self-organizing in urban food commons.
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Zvereva, Tatiana V. "Perspective areas of development of the sharing economy." Russian Economic Journal, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-2-86-99.
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With the development of digital technologies, new forms of joint consumption have received the name "Share Economics". Digitalization made it possible to cover a wide range of public resources and go beyond small groups and personal relationships, so we see the technical and social aspect of the sharing economy. This double digital transition to joint use allowed us to achieve broad access to resources, which created new models and practices of sharing, which led to the creation of a new class of resource allocation systems that were called the "digital sharing economy". This article analyzes the economy of sharing as a socio-economic phenomenon of a bi-based digital platform.
The practical significance of the results obtained by the author consists in the possibility of using the proposed theoretical platform to further explore the opportunities of the sharing economy for various participants in the interaction: citizens, business, public sector organizations.
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Evensen, Kjersti Berge, and Håvard Hansen. "Cooperation and information sharing in institutional food chains." British Food Journal 118, no. 10 (October 3, 2016): 2388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate integrative practices within institutional food chains with special emphasis on cooperation and information sharing. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was applied, based on 17 in-depth interviews with staff from four different institutions. The data collection and analysis were guided by constructivist grounded theory. Findings In summary, the authors find that: low differentiation lead to a high level of service variability at the satellite kitchens, high level of optimizing behavior lead to a high level of service variability, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and access to the information being shared, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and participation in cooperation activities and when the physical distance between stages in the chain increases, the information sharing will deteriorate. Research limitations/implications To empirically generalize the findings, this first qualitative study should be followed up by a quantitative study. Practical implications Based on the findings, the authors suggest that the chains would benefit from improving the interfaces between front line employees, and share information more extensively. The location of the central kitchen seems to influence information sharing across stages in the food chains. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge this is the first study that examines cooperation and information sharing practices within institutional food chains.
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Dong, Cailing, Hongxia Jin, and Bart Knijnenburg. "Predicting Privacy Behavior on Online Social Networks." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14615.
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Online Social Networks (OSNs) have come to play an increasingly important role in our social lives, and their inherent privacy problems have become a major concern for users. Can we assist consumers in their privacy decision-making practices, for example by predicting their preferences and giving them personalized advice? In order to accomplish this, we would need to study the factors that affect users’ privacy decision-making practices. In this paper, we intend to comprehensively investigate these factors in light of two common OSN scenarios: the case where other users request access to the user’s information, and the case where the user shares this information voluntarily. Using a real-life dataset from Google+ and three location-sharing datasets, we identify behavioral analogs to psychological variables that are known to affect users’ disclosure behavior: the trustworthiness of the requester/information audience, the sharing tendency of the receiver/information holder, the sensitivity of the requested/shared information, the appropriateness of the request/sharing activity, as well as some contextual information. We also explore how these factors work to affect the privacy decision making. Based on these factors we build a privacy decisionmaking prediction model that can be used to give users personalized advice regarding their privacy decisionmaking practices.
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Soltysova, Zuzana, and Vladimir Modrak. "Challenges of the Sharing Economy for SMEs: A Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 6504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166504.
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The sharing economy is becoming increasingly popular in many sectors also thanks to the fact that not only young generation, but people of almost all ages are digitally literate, and therefore they readily participate in sharing economy practices. A very important part of their motivation comes from the knowledge that it is a great way to save money, but a no less important reason is the philosophical aspect, which is consistent with efforts to promote more sustainable consumption practices that prioritize access over ownership. The sharing economy has become a subject of interest not only among researchers and practitioners but also among policymakers and stakeholders who are concerned about the further extension of digital ecosystems. Fortunately, theorists from many fields, such as the commercial economy, gift economy, entrepreneurship, digital transformation, etc., pay due attention to this phenomenon. However, there is still room for focused exploration of this entrepreneurial and innovative approach from specific views in order to bring useful findings and insights on given issues. The intention of this study is to analyze the existing related literature and categorize sharing economy-based business models in relation to traditional business models. Potentially, this study can also contribute to a better understanding of the perspectives of the sharing economy in the transition of SMEs towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm.
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Paudyal, D. R., K. McDougall, and A. Apan. "The Impact of Varying Statutory Arrangements on Spatial Data Sharing and Access in Regional NRM Bodies." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-8 (December 23, 2014): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-8-193-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial information plays an important role in many social, environmental and economic decisions and increasingly acknowledged as a national resource essential for wider societal and environmental benefits. Natural Resource Management is one area where spatial information can be used for improved planning and decision making processes. In Australia, state government organisations are the custodians of spatial information necessary for natural resource management and regional NRM bodies are responsible to regional delivery of NRM activities. The access and sharing of spatial information between government agencies and regional NRM bodies is therefore as an important issue for improving natural resource management outcomes. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status of spatial information access, sharing and use with varying statutory arrangements and its impacts on spatial data infrastructure (SDI) development in catchment management sector in Australia. Further, it critically examined whether any trends and significant variations exist due to different institutional arrangements (statutory versus non-statutory) or not. A survey method was used to collect primary data from 56 regional natural resource management (NRM) bodies responsible for catchment management in Australia. Descriptive statistics method was used to show the similarities and differences between statutory and non-statutory arrangements. The key factors which influence sharing and access to spatial information are also explored. The results show the current statutory and administrative arrangements and regional focus for natural resource management is reasonable from a spatial information management perspective and provides an opportunity for building SDI at the catchment scale. However, effective institutional arrangements should align catchment SDI development activities with sub-national and national SDI development activities to address catchment management issues. We found minor differences in spatial information access, use and sharing due to varying institutional environment (statutory versus non-statutory). The non-statutory group appears to be more flexible and selfsufficient whilst statutory regional NRM bodies may lack flexibility in their spatial information management practices. We found spatial information access, use and sharing has significant impacts on spatial data infrastructure development in catchment management sector in Australia.