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Journal articles on the topic 'Shape Variable'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Lu, Xin. "Relationship between Special Body Variable and Figure of Women’s Trousers Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.654.

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The special body shapes of women, such as convex belly and convex hip are chosen to sum up its body shape change law and set up the relationship between variable of four types of body shapes and pattern figure to complete the initial research of body feature corresponding to the digitalization of women’s trousers pattern in this paper. This is the basic research directing at women’s trousers pattern auto-design system of special body shape, setting up the correlative relationship between women’ body shape feature and structure feature of trousers to guarantee the consistency between body shape and pattern design in the process of garment PCAD system intelligent design, which provides the possibility for the research of intelligent women’s trousers pattern design system based on the body shape and plays a positive role in changing the traditional pattern design concept and design means.

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2

Choubey, N., and A. Ojha. "Trigonometric Splines with Variable Shape Parameter." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 1 (February 2008): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmj-2008-38-1-91.

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3

Tsai, Ping-Sing. "Shape from shading with variable albedo." Optical Engineering 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.601957.

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4

Kacimov, Anvar. "Optimal shape of a variable condenser." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 457, no. 2006 (February 8, 2001): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2000.0677.

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5

Akhmediev, Nail, Wiesław Królikowski, and A. W. Snyder. "Partially Coherent Solitons of Variable Shape." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 21 (November 23, 1998): 4632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.4632.

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6

Snoeks, E., A. van Blaaderen, T. van Dillen, C. M. van Kats, M. L. Brongersma, and A. Polman. "Colloidal Ellipsoids with Continuously Variable Shape." Advanced Materials 12, no. 20 (October 2000): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200010)12:20<1511::aid-adma1511>3.0.co;2-6.

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7

Ito, Osamu, and Hideo Hashimoto. "Motion Compensation Methods Using Variable-Size and Variable-Shape Blocks." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 53, no. 7 (1999): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.53.1045.

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8

Cervantes-Salguero, Keitel, Shogo Hamada, Shin-ichiro Nomura, and Satoshi Murata. "Polymorphic Ring-Shaped Molecular Clusters Made of Shape-Variable Building Blocks." Nanomaterials 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano5010208.

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9

Zhang, Wei, Xiang Shi, and Dong Bo Li. "Research on the Variable Leads Transmission Mechanism Meshing Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 2268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2268.

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In this paper, the surface shapes of roller followers and spiral groove are researched. General surface equations of different types of roller follower are studied. According to the ordinary equation of spiral groove, the region shape between roller follower and spiral groove is discussed with the Hertz contact theory. By researching on the common mesh type, we can conclude that the gap shape function is elliptic equation.

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10

Kočandrle, P., and P. Koška. "Three-Dimensional shape optimization approach based on natural design variables and the boundary element method." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v315377.

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This paper deals with shape optimization of three-dimensional elastic bodies. The proposed approach is based on natural design variables and shape functions and utilizes the boundary element method. The design variables are the magnitudes of a set of fictitious loads applied on the structure. Shape optimal design problems based on minimum mean compliance, peak stress minimization and stress constraints are considered. A general method for shape design sensitivity analysis using the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method is used. The sensitivity formula for a general stress constraint imposed over the optimized boundary is derived. Optimal shapes for three-dimensional problems are presented to show numerical applications.

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11

Jingbin Wang, V. Athitsos, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke. "Detecting Objects of Variable Shape Structure With Hidden State Shape Models." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 30, no. 3 (March 2008): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2007.1178.

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12

Senba, Atsuhiko, and Yoshiro Ogi. "D1 Shape Adjustment Techniques for Variable Structures with Shape Memory Polymers." Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference 2011.20 (2012): _D1–1_—_D1–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesec.2011.20._d1-1_.

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13

Holownia, B. P. "Rubber Cylinders under Hydrostatic Pressure with Variable Poisson's Ratio." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 4 (September 1, 1995): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538759.

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Abstract Elastomers are increasingly used in specialized engineering applications where their complex shape often requires a detailed stress analysis. Specialized programmes have to be used for incompressible materials such as elastomers, since the standard computer finite element packages are unable to give accurate solutions for rubbers with Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The present paper uses an established finite difference method to examine the deflected shape of rubbers under hydrostatic pressure. A particular case of a rubber cylinder subjected to hydrostatic pressure is examined, where a natural tendency is to assume that the rubber cylinder will reduce slightly in volume, evenly all the way round. However, by performing a detailed finite difference analysis, it was found that the final shape, under pressure, was dependent on the value of Poisson's ratio, and height to diameter ratio of the rubber cylinder. An interesting result is that the end of the cylinder, and the circumferential surface will change shape from a concave to a convex surface by changing the value of ν for certain cylindrical shapes of rubber.

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14

Hamilton, Emily, Philip Warrick, and Daniel O’Keeffe. "Variable decelerations: do size and shape matter?" Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 25, no. 6 (August 2011): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2011.594118.

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15

Chien, Wei, and Chien-Ching Chiu. "Electromagnetic imaging for shape and variable conductivity." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 14, no. 5 (2004): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20030.

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16

Chiu, Sung Nok, Leevan Ling, and Michael McCourt. "On variable and random shape Gaussian interpolations." Applied Mathematics and Computation 377 (July 2020): 125159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2020.125159.

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17

Tao, Longbin, Kay Yeong Lim, and Krish Thiagarajan. "Heave Response of Classic Spar With Variable Geometry." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1643085.

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Spar platforms with cylindrical shape and constant cross-section area may experience resonant heave motions in sea states with long peak periods, which are probably excessive for riser integrity due to its low damping and relatively low natural heave period. Changes to hull shape and cross-section that produce more benign heave behavior were discussed by some researchers in the past. In this study, the viscous damping of spar structures is explicitly calculated, and incorporated to the potential solution. It is concluded that the heave resonant response can be considerably reduced by alternative hull shapes via increased damping mechanism and the natural heave period being kept outside the range of the wave energy.

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18

Ewert, Sigrid, and Andries van der Walt. "Generating Pictures Using Random Forbidding Context." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 07 (November 1998): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000518.

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We use random context picture grammars to generate pictures through successive refinement. At any stage a picture consists of a shape divided into smaller shapes, each containing a variable or terminal. A variable may be rewritten according to a production of the underlying grammar. This entails either dividing the shape containing it into smaller shapes, or substituting a variable or terminal for it. For visualization purposes every terminal is associated with a color, and its shape is filled with that color. We show pictures generated with random context picture grammars, then concentrate on grammars which use forbidding context only and present a shrinking lemma for the corresponding languages.

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19

Corte-Real, L., and A. P. Alves. "Vector quantisation of image sequences using variable size and variable shape blocks." Electronics Letters 26, no. 18 (1990): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900952.

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20

Souza, Ivo, and JoséLuís Martins. "Metric tensor as the dynamical variable for variable-cell-shape molecular dynamics." Physical Review B 55, no. 14 (April 1, 1997): 8733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.8733.

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21

Jang, Si young, Yun hye Song, and Yoon Su Baek. "Design of the VSA (Variable Stiffness Actuator) Mechanism Using Cam Shape." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2019.36.6.617.

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22

Jang, Si young, Yun hye Song, and Yoon Su Baek. "Design of the VSA (Variable Stiffness Actuator) Mechanism Using Cam Shape." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2019.36.7.617.

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23

Rini, Dyah Sinto. "Algebra Tiles as Physical Manipulatives to Support Students’ Understanding of Linear Equations in One Variable." Southeast Asian Mathematics Education Journal 12, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46517/seamej.v12i2.121.

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To help students in solving the linear equations in one variable, teacher can use a learning media such as algebra tiles. Algebra tiles are square and rectangle-shaped tiles that represent numbers and variables. Algebra tiles consist of three different-size pieces. The smallest tile is square shape and represents ± 1, the other tile is rectangular shape and represents ± x and the largest tile is large square shape that represents ± x2. The pieces are usually colour-coded so that one colour represents positive values and another color represents negative values. This research is a best practice that was conducted at class VII.7 SMPN 18 Tangerang. The aim of this research is to describe how the algebra tiles supports students’ understanding in solving linear equations in one variable. The competence achievement indicators are: modelling algebraic expressions using algebra tiles; solving linear equations in one variable using algebra tiles; solving linear equations in one variable without use algebra tiles. Data collection through photos, videos, worksheet and students’ work. Students did reducing and balancing ways to find the simple form of algebra tiles. The purpose of reducing or balancing of both sides of linear equations in one variable is to get how many square tiles that equals to one rectangular tile. Algebra tiles made students to be easier in solving linear equations in one variable. Students were very happy to learn mathematics using algebra tiles. The algebra tiles supports students’ understanding in solving linear equations in one variable.

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24

Todorovic, Dejan. "Constancies and illusions in visual perception." Psihologija 35, no. 3-4 (2002): 125–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0203125t.

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This paper presents a systematic exposition of the general structure of visual constancies and illusions, including the introduction of a number of conceptual distinctions, illustrated by many examples. The study of these phenomena involves the distal, the proximal, and the phenomenal domain. The relations of concordance and discordance between pairs of domains are defined, followed by the definitions of four visual modes (concordant, proximal, constancy, illusion) as particular constellations of concordance-discordance relations between all three domains. Constancies and illusions are characterized by proximal-phenomenal discordance. Attributes of entities of visual domains are divided into the geometric (size, shape, location, orientation) and the photometric (reflectance, illumination) class. The phenomenal domain involves two types of attributes, one group distally and the other proximally focused. Research on both constancies and illusions can be described as involving the study of the effects of two independent variables on a dependent variable. The first independent variable (target variable) is a distal attribute, such as size, shape etc. In constancy studies, the second independent variable (confound variable), is a variable such as distance, orientation etc, that, together with the confound variable, affects the corresponding proximal variable (such as proximal size, shape etc). In illusion studies, confound variables do not affect the proximal variables, but do affect the corresponding phenomenal variables. The main part of the paper consists in the descriptions of studies of constancies and illusions of size, shape, location, orientation, and achromatic and chromatic color, all presented in a common format, which facilitates the comparison of their similarities and differences. The importance of presentation conditions (full-cue versus reduced cue) and instruction type (distally versus proximally focused) is stressed. Finally, salient cases are pointed out in which relations between phenomenal variables tend to take a form qualitatively similar to the relation of the corresponding non-phenomenal variables.

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25

Ali, Md Hazrat. "Design and Development of Integrated Mechanical Actuator for Measuring Variable Inner Hole-Shape Parameters." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 3, no. 3 (July 25, 2015): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.3.134.

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26

Stachoň, Zdeněk, Čeněk Šašinka, Jiří Čeněk, Stephan Angsüsser, Petr Kubíček, Zbyněk Štěrba, and Martina Bilíková. "Effect of Size, Shape and Map Background in Cartographic Visualization: Experimental Study on Czech and Chinese Populations." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110427.

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This paper deals with the issue of the perceptual aspects of selected graphic variables (specifically shape and size) and map background in cartographic visualization. The continued experimental study is based on previous findings and the presupposed cross-cultural universality of shape and size as a graphic variable. The results bring a new perspective on the usage of shape, size and presence/absence of background as graphic variables, as well as a comparison to previous studies. The results suggest that all examined variables influence the speed of processing. Respondents (Czech and Chinese, N = 69) identified target stimuli faster without a map background, with larger stimuli, and with triangular and circular shapes. Czech respondents were universally faster than Chinese respondents. The implications of our research were discussed, and further directions were outlined.

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27

Ma, Wen Yu, Jian Wei Yang, Ye Yao, Yong Qiang Zhang, and Jun Zhang. "The Analysis on the Stamping Formability of High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 885 (May 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.885.3.

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Recently the high strength steel has been applied in the automotive more and more widely. In this study, the effect of blank shape on the formability of an automotive part was analyzed. The three kinds of blank shapes were chosen, including a rectangular shaped blank, a blank with two corners cut straightly and a blank with two corners cut in curve. The effect of the variable blank holder force on the formability was studied. The four kinds of variable blank holder force were applied. The blank shape in this part is the blank with two corners cut curve. The results show that the blank with two corners curve is the most suitable. And the blank holder force from 1000 kN to 1500 kN is the most useful for the formability.

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28

Arbour, B., and P. Massel. "Solving the Impediment Induced Variable Shape Covering Problem." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 12, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512913509033.

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29

Cleveland, William S., Marylyn E. McGill, and Robert McGill. "The Shape Parameter of a Two-Variable Graph." Journal of the American Statistical Association 83, no. 402 (June 1988): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478598.

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30

Coppa, G. G. M., V. Riccardo, and G. Lapenta. "Kinetic theory of charged particles of variable shape." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 6 (June 1996): 2229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871930.

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31

Chiandussi, G., G. Bugeda, and E. Oñate. "Shape variable definition with and C2 continuity functions." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 188, no. 4 (August 2000): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(99)00358-8.

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32

HAMAMOTO, Takuji, and Ken-ichi FUJITA. "WATER TANK EXPERIMENT OF SHAPE-VARIABLE FLOATING STRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 724 (2016): 1039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.81.1039.

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33

OKADA, Yuki, and Wataru YAMAZAKI. "Efficient shape optimization using variable fidelity simulation data." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2018.55 (2018): C014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2018.55.c014.

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34

Gramüller, B., A. Tempel, and C. Hühne. "Shape-variable seals for pressure actuated cellular structures." Smart Materials and Structures 24, no. 9 (July 30, 2015): 095005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/24/9/095005.

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35

Osborn, Melvin N. "Variable shape, fluid flow nozzle for sound suppression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, no. 3 (March 1985): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392137.

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36

ZHANG, Dongwei, Koichi HORITA, Naoto OH-TAKE, and Kazunori KATO. "505 Variable Shape Extrusion of Aluminum Square Pipes." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2000.8 (2000): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2000.8.163.

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37

Cuschieri, A. "Variable curvature shape- memory spatula for laparoscopic surgery." Surgical Endoscopy 5, no. 4 (December 1991): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02653258.

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38

Ashir, M., M. Vorhof, A. Nocke, and C. Cherif. "Shape-variable adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics based on shape memory alloy hybrid yarns." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 460 (December 24, 2018): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/460/1/012002.

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39

EWERT, SIGRID, and ANDRIES VAN DER WALT. "GENERATING PICTURES USING RANDOM PERMITTING CONTEXT." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 13, no. 03 (May 1999): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001499000197.

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We use random context picture grammars to generate pictures through successive refinement. At any stage a picture consists of a shape divided into smaller shapes, each containing a variable or terminal. A variable may be rewritten according to a production of the underlying grammar, which entails either dividing the shape containing it into smaller shapes, or substituting a variable or terminal for it. A production may depend on context randomly distributed in the intermediate picture. Context is classified as either permitting or forbidding, the former enabling the application of a production, the latter inhibiting it. For visualization purposes every terminal is associated with a color, and its shape filled with that color. We show examples of pictures generated with random context picture grammars. Then we concentrate on grammars which use permitting context only and present a pumping lemma for the corresponding picture sets.

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40

Yampolsky, M., C. M. Salafia, O. Shlakhter, D. P. Misra, D. Haas, B. Eucker, and J. Thorp. "Variable placental thickness affects placental functional efficiency independent of other placental shape abnormalities." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2, no. 4 (May 9, 2011): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174411000195.

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Our previous work suggests that stressors that impact placental vascular growth result in a deformed chorionic surface shape, which reflects an abnormal placental three-dimensional shape. We propose to use variability of placental disk thickness as a reflector of deviations in placental vascular growth at the finer level of the fetal stems. We hypothesize that increased variability of thickness is associated with abnormal chorionic surface shape, but will be a predictor of reduced placental functional efficiency (smaller baby for a given placental weight) independent of shape. These measures may shed light on the mechanisms linking placental growth to risk of adult disease. The sample was drawn from the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Study. In all, 94.6% of the cohort consented to placental examination. Of the 1023 delivered at term, those previously sectioned by the Pathology Department were excluded, leaving 587 (57%) cases with intact placentas that were sliced and photographed. The chorionic surface shape and the shape of a central randomly oriented placental slice were analyzed and measures were compared using correlation. Lower mean placental disk thickness and more variable disk thickness were each strongly and significantly correlated with deformed chorionic plate shapes. More variable disk thickness was strongly correlated with reduced placental efficiency independent of abnormal chorionic surface shape. Variability of placental disk thickness, simple to measure in a single randomly oriented central slice, may be an easily acquired measure that is an independent indicator of lowered placental efficiency, which may in turn program the infant and result in increased risk for development of adult diseases.

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41

Syahrir, Rizka Zulfani, and Eri Prasetyo Wibowo. "Classification of Leaves Based on the Shape of Leaves Using Convolutional Neural Network Methods." IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/itsdi.v3i1.491.

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One part of the tree, namely the leaves, which grow on the branches, has several types of leaves consisting of 4 shapes, ranging from circular shapes, elongated shapes, and some even have a finger shape. Often we mistake the shapes of these leaves. This study discusses the classification of leaves based the shape of the leaf bones using the Convolutional Neural Network, which is used to classify data that has been labeled using one of the methods, namely supervised learning. The purpose of this method is to classify a variable into the variables that have been listed. The goal is to classify leaves based on leaf shape to implement a Convolutional Neural Network algorithm model for leaf classification based on bone shape, which will produce an accuracy value. Accuracy values are obtained from conducting experiments at the training and trial stages. So it can be concluded using the epochs parameter of 30 and a batch size of 128, using ReLU and Softmax activations. The results obtained for the accuracy value for training are 98.52%, while the validation is 89.06%.

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42

Sagar, B. S. Daya. "Cartograms via mathematical morphology." Information Visualization 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871613480061.

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Visualization of geographic variables as spatial objects of size proportional to variable strength is possible via generating cartograms. We developed a methodology based on mathematical morphology to generate contiguous cartograms. This methodology relies on weighted skeletonization by zone of influence. This weighted skeletonization by zone of influence determines the points of contact of multiple frontlines propagating from centroids of various planar sets (states) at the traveling rates depending upon the variable’s strength. The contiguous cartogram generated via this morphology-based algorithm preserves the global shape and local shapes and yields minimal area errors. We generated a cartogram for a population variable to demonstrate the proposed approach. Furthermore, the population cartograms for the United States generated via four other approaches are compared with the morphology-based cartogram in terms of errors with respect to area, local shape, and global shape. This approach for generating cartograms preserves the global shape at the expense of compromising with area errors. It is inferred from the comparative error analysis that the proposed morphology-based approach could be further extended by exploring the applicability of additional characteristics of B, which controls the dilation propagation speed and direction of dilation while performing weighted skeletonization by zone of influence, to minimize the local shape errors and area errors.

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43

Ren, Xiaoming, and Guangming Zhu. "A variable stiffness morphing skin: preparation and properties." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 12 (November 9, 2021): 125016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac32e8.

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Abstract In the course of flight, morphing skins play an important role in morphing aircrafts. Shape memory polymer (SMP) with variable stiffness performance is a good candidate material for skin. In this paper, a series of SMP morphing skins were prepared from hydro-epoxy resin, carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) and maleic anhydride. By adjusting molecular weight and content of CTBN, in-plane properties and out-of-plane properties of morphing skins can be adjusted. Due to the in-plane tensile stress acting on the skin during flight, tensile test was carried out to study its in-plane performance. After testing, skin can resist maximum in-plane tensile strength of 63.7 MPa. As for the out-of-plane performance of the skin, shape memory test was studied in this paper. All morphing skins have 100% shape fixity rate (Rf) and fast shape recovery rate (Rr). When toughened by CTBN of 10% of 4000 molecular weight with a mass fraction, the skin can recover its out-of-plane deformed shape in 33 s. The SMP skins were proved to be a promising candidate for morphing skins.

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44

Koudela, Pavel, Juraj Chalmovský, and Lumír Miča. "The Reinforcement of Sand by Fibres with a Non-Uniform Shape." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2021-0013.

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Abstract The reinforcement of soil is used to improve its strength and stiffness. The standard method of soil reinforcement is an application of geosynthetics. Soil reinforcement by distributed discrete fibres represents an alternative to those techniques. Currently used fibres have a straight shape, uniform cross-section, and smooth surface, which is not optimal in terms of the fibre-soil interaction. In this study, fibres with a variable shape were utilized. The fibres were fabricated using a fused deposition modelling technology. Firstly, a brief theoretical background is presented. Then, the proposed shapes of the fibres and their manufacturing process are described. The mechanical properties of the soil-fibre composite were investigated through consolidated drained triaxial tests. Well-graded coarse sand and poorly-graded fine sand were used. A higher peak shear strength was observed in the case of fibres with a variable shape. The effect of the variable shape of the fibres on the peak shear strength was higher in the case of the coarse sand.

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45

Архипов, Дмитрий, Dmitriy Arkhipov, Сергей Евтушенко, Sergey Evtushenko, Геннадий Скибин, and Gennadiy Skibin. "Field research of a wedge-shaped core on the models of the strip foundations with variable geometric shape." Construction and Architecture 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3382.

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Many authors noted in the field research on the models of rigid foundations that a compacted wedge-shaped core of soil is formed with the destruction of the bases, which is a natural extension of the foundation. In the research of the strip foundation model with variable geometric shape of the foundation base, a compaction soil area of spherical shape with a diameter close to the width of the foundation model is found on a sand base. A wedge-shaped core, along the edges of which there has been a shift in mass of the base when achieving the ultimate loading, has been noted in a compaction soil area. The solid part of the foundation base is the compacted wedge-shaped core base, the height of the wedge-shaped core being commensurate with the length of the elements forming the foundation. Identified geometric parameters of compacted core under the foundation base of strip foundation with geometrically variable shape can be used in determining the ultimate bearing capacity of soil of the base for such foundations.

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Lee, Jae-Young, Seong J. Cho, Yong-Sin Seo, Chan-hun Park, Dong-Il Park, Byeung-In Kim, Hwi-Su Kim, and Sung-Hyuk Song. "Shape-adaptive Stiffness Variable Soft Gripper Using Porous Structure." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 27, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2021.20.0203.

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Mattmann, Michael, Carmela De Marco, Francesco Briatico, Stefano Tagliabue, Aron Colusso, Xiang‐Zhong Chen, Jonas Lussi, Christophe Chautems, Salvador Pané, and Bradley Nelson. "Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer Variable Stiffness 4D Robotic Catheters." Advanced Science 9, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 2103277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202103277.

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Calderon Hurtado, A., P. Peralta, R. O. Ruiz, M. Makki Alamdari, and E. Atroshchenko. "Shape optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesters of variable thickness." Journal of Sound and Vibration 517 (January 2022): 116503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116503.

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Koziel, Slawomir, and Leifur Leifsson. "Surrogate-Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization by Variable-Resolution Models." AIAA Journal 51, no. 1 (January 2013): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j051583.

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OKUDA, Hiroshi. "108 Shape Optimization Using Adjoint Variable Method in Flow." Proceedings of OPTIS 2006.7 (2006): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeoptis.2006.7.39.

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