Academic literature on the topic 'Shape Variable'

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Journal articles on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Lu, Xin. "Relationship between Special Body Variable and Figure of Women’s Trousers Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.654.

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The special body shapes of women, such as convex belly and convex hip are chosen to sum up its body shape change law and set up the relationship between variable of four types of body shapes and pattern figure to complete the initial research of body feature corresponding to the digitalization of women’s trousers pattern in this paper. This is the basic research directing at women’s trousers pattern auto-design system of special body shape, setting up the correlative relationship between women’ body shape feature and structure feature of trousers to guarantee the consistency between body shape and pattern design in the process of garment PCAD system intelligent design, which provides the possibility for the research of intelligent women’s trousers pattern design system based on the body shape and plays a positive role in changing the traditional pattern design concept and design means.
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Choubey, N., and A. Ojha. "Trigonometric Splines with Variable Shape Parameter." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 1 (February 2008): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmj-2008-38-1-91.

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Tsai, Ping-Sing. "Shape from shading with variable albedo." Optical Engineering 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.601957.

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Kacimov, Anvar. "Optimal shape of a variable condenser." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 457, no. 2006 (February 8, 2001): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2000.0677.

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Akhmediev, Nail, Wiesław Królikowski, and A. W. Snyder. "Partially Coherent Solitons of Variable Shape." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 21 (November 23, 1998): 4632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.4632.

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Snoeks, E., A. van Blaaderen, T. van Dillen, C. M. van Kats, M. L. Brongersma, and A. Polman. "Colloidal Ellipsoids with Continuously Variable Shape." Advanced Materials 12, no. 20 (October 2000): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200010)12:20<1511::aid-adma1511>3.0.co;2-6.

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Ito, Osamu, and Hideo Hashimoto. "Motion Compensation Methods Using Variable-Size and Variable-Shape Blocks." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 53, no. 7 (1999): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.53.1045.

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Cervantes-Salguero, Keitel, Shogo Hamada, Shin-ichiro Nomura, and Satoshi Murata. "Polymorphic Ring-Shaped Molecular Clusters Made of Shape-Variable Building Blocks." Nanomaterials 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano5010208.

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Zhang, Wei, Xiang Shi, and Dong Bo Li. "Research on the Variable Leads Transmission Mechanism Meshing Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 2268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2268.

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In this paper, the surface shapes of roller followers and spiral groove are researched. General surface equations of different types of roller follower are studied. According to the ordinary equation of spiral groove, the region shape between roller follower and spiral groove is discussed with the Hertz contact theory. By researching on the common mesh type, we can conclude that the gap shape function is elliptic equation.
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Kočandrle, P., and P. Koška. "Three-Dimensional shape optimization approach based on natural design variables and the boundary element method." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v315377.

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This paper deals with shape optimization of three-dimensional elastic bodies. The proposed approach is based on natural design variables and shape functions and utilizes the boundary element method. The design variables are the magnitudes of a set of fictitious loads applied on the structure. Shape optimal design problems based on minimum mean compliance, peak stress minimization and stress constraints are considered. A general method for shape design sensitivity analysis using the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method is used. The sensitivity formula for a general stress constraint imposed over the optimized boundary is derived. Optimal shapes for three-dimensional problems are presented to show numerical applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Sturgill, Derek Joseph. "Variable shape parameter strategies in radial basis funchtion methods." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=950.

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Bush, Michael T. (Michael Thomas). "Enhanced comfort of seating systems through variable shape and compliance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41800.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-74).
A new type of seat cushion has been developed. The present use of the cushion is in wheelchair seating, but it may ultimately have application to general seating, particularly in situations where comfort is a significant consideration. The cushion is intended to optimally distribute the interface pressure on the seat of a wheelchair user, as well as to provide an opportunity for active pressure management. The principal goal in developing this cushion is the prevention of pressure sores (decubitis ulcers). The theoretical and design considerations upon which the cushion was developed are presented. Experimental materials data, as well as results of a prototype system, are supplied. A prototype cushion has been produced, and additional work is ongoing. The cushion uses vacuum to manipulate the elastic/collapse properties of open-cell foam; effectively setting a maximum pressure at the human interface. Assuming appropriate auxiliary hardware, pumps, controllers, and sensors it would be appropriate to use this cushion as the basis of an actively controlled seating system.
by Michael T. Bush.
M.S.
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Li, Bingjue. "Variable-Geometry Extrusion Die Synthesis and Morphometric Analysis Via Planar, Shape-Changing Rigid-Body Mechanisms." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1497529085483053.

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Bhadane-Deshpande, Minal. "Towards a Shape Memory Alloy Based Variable Stiffness Ankle Foot Orthosis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333750098.

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Salerno, Robert James. "Shape control of high degree-of-freedom Variable Geometry Truss manipulators." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50089.

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Variable Geometry Trusses (VGT’s) can be used as the fundamental building blocks in constructing long-chain, high degree-of-freedom manipulators. This thesis focuses on the kinematics of two such manipulators. It also illustrates how the concept of shape control can be applied to simplify the computational aspects of controlling these devices. To serve as examples, algorithms are developed for the control of both a thirty degree of freedom planar manipulator and a sixty degree-of-freedom spatial manipulator. Based on a review of the literature, this work appears to be the first attempt to develop real-time, position control strategies for such highly-dexterous manipulators.
Master of Science
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Morris, Asa M. "Generic parallel aerodynamic shape optimisation using efficeint variable fidelity domain element parameterisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500430.

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Wischt, Rachel Jeanne. "Variable Stiffness and Active Damping Technique for Turbomachinery using Shape Memory Alloys." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447425764.

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Awrejcewicz, Jan, Lidiya Kurpa, and T. Shmatko. "Nonlinear vibration of orthotropic shallow shells of the complex shape with variable thickness." Thesis, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, 2011. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37115.

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Early R-functions theory [1] combined with variational methods have been applied to linear [2] and nonlinear vibration problems [3,4] of the shallow shells theory of the constant thickness. In the present study, we first apply R-functions theory in order to investigate the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of orthotropic shallow shells of complex shape with variable thickness. Mathematical formulation is made in the framework of classical geometrically nonlinear theory of thin shallow shells. For a discretization of the original system in time, approximation of unknown functions is carried out by using a single mode approach. In order to construct a system of basic functions, the proposed algorithm includes sequence of the linear problems such as finding eigen functions of the linear vibrations of shallow shells with variable thickness and auxiliary tasks of the elasticity theory. The linear problems are solved by the R-functions method. The developed approach allows reducing the original problem to the corresponding problem of solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), whose coefficients are presented in analytical form. In order to solve the obtained system of ODEs the Bubnov-Galerkin method is applied. The proposed algorithm is implemented within an automated system POLE-RL [1]. Numerical examples of large-amplitude flexible vibrations of shallow orthotropic shells with complex shape and variable thickness are introduced demonstrating merits and advantages of the R-functions method. Comparison of the obtained results regarding shells with rectangular plans with the other methods confirms the reliability of the proposed method.
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Mikol, Collin Everett. "Design, Modeling, and Experimental Testing of a Variable Stiffness Structure for Shape Morphing." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523454926569658.

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Vesel, Richard Jr. "Optimization of a wind turbine rotor with variable airfoil shape via a genetic algorithm." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/44504.

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Books on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Ailawadi, Kusum L. Market share and ROI: A peek at some unobserved variables. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1993.

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Ailawadi, Kusum L. Market share and ROI: A peek at some unobserved variables. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1993.

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Halazonetis, Demetrios J. Quantitative description of the shape of the mandible: Relation to other craniofacial variables and growth direction. [S.l: s.n.], 1986.

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Shape-preserving approximation by real and complex polynomials. Boston: Birkhäuser, 2008.

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Southeast Geometry Seminar (15th 2009 University of Alabama at Birmingham). Geometric analysis, mathematical relativity, and nonlinear partial differential equations: Southeast Geometry Seminars Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, and the University of Tennessee, 2009-2011. Edited by Ghomi Mohammad 1969-. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.

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Thokala, Praveen. Airfoil shape optimization using variable-complexity methods. 2005.

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House, Marty Publishing. Preschool Coloring Books Age 4-5: An Activity Book for Kids and Toddlers with a Variable Shape, Rectangles, Triangles, Squares, and Much More. Independently Published, 2021.

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Lee-Felker, Stephanie A., and Colin J. Wells. Pleomorphic Calcifications. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0042.

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Pleomorphic calcifications are categorized among calcifications with suspicious morphology: amorphous, coarse heterogeneous, fine linear or fine-linear branching, and fine pleomorphic calcifications. Unlike amorphous calcifications, pleomorphic calcifications are more conspicuous, with discernible shapes that appear predominantly irregular, and are variable in size and configuration. A segmental distribution, seen as a triangular shape with its apex centered at the nipple, is especially suspicious for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or multifocal breast cancer, as its pattern of calcium deposition suggests involvement of a duct system within the breast. This chapter, appearing in the section on calcifications, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for pleomorphic calcifications. Topics discussed include characteristic morphology and distribution of pleomorphic calcifications, BI-RADS assessments, core needle biopsy, and radiological–pathological correlation.
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Eaton, Kent. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800576.003.0006.

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The final chapter concludes the book in two ways. First, it summarizes the central claim that structural significance, institutional capacity, and coalitional dynamics together explain whether subnational officials can advance successful subnational policy challenges. This part of the chapter also assesses the more general theoretical implications of the research findings for each causal variable (structure, capacity, and coalitions). Whereas most of the book examines how decentralization has empowered territorial actors to shape ideological conflicts, the second half of the conclusion reverses this focus by exploring how ideological conflict over the market also shapes territorial outcomes, most significantly through the redistribution of authority and resources between levels of government. The chapter ends with representative examples of recentralization in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru; these show how ideological conflict over the market has led national governments in each country to recentralize authority and resources in the attempt to undercut subnational policy challenges.
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Dang, Duc Anh, and Hai Anh La. Political connections and firm's formalization: Evidence from Vietnam. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/904-4.

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The literature shows that political connections have different effects on firms’ activities. However, the question of how political connections affect firms’ formalization has not been explored. Using data from three waves of the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprise Survey for the period from 2007 to 2011, this paper aims to examine the relationship between political connections and firms’ formalization in Viet Nam. We find that firms with political connections increase their share of formal workers. The results also show that smaller firms tend to be more formalized if they have political connections. To overcome bias and inconsistency concerns due to potential omitted variables and reverse causality, we use political connections in a firm’s industry in other districts as an instrumental variable. The instrumental variable results confirm our previous results that political connections do indeed lead to a higher level of formalization.
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Book chapters on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Leifsson, Leifur, and Slawomir Koziel. "Variable-Fidelity Aerodynamic Shape Optimization." In Computational Optimization, Methods and Algorithms, 179–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20859-1_9.

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Wiechmann, K., F. J. Barthold, and E. Stein. "Shape Optimization under Shakedown Constraints." In Inelastic Analysis of Structures under Variable Loads, 49–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9421-4_4.

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Kriegman, David Juris, Peter N. Belhumeur, and Athinodoros S. Georghiades. "Representations for Recognition Under Variable Illumination." In Shape, Contour and Grouping in Computer Vision, 95–131. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46805-6_7.

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Koziel, Slawomir, and Leifur Leifsson. "Airfoil Shape Optimization Using Variable-Fidelity Modeling and Shape-Preserving Response Prediction." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 99–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20986-4_4.

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Wentzcovitch, Renata M. "First Principles Molecular Dynamics with Variable Cell Shape." In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 113–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0461-6_9.

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Costantini, Paolo. "Shape-preserving interpolation with variable degree polynomial splines." In Advanced Course on FAIRSHAPE, 87–114. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82969-6_8.

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Gage, Peter J. "Variable-Complexity Evolution of Shape Grammars for Engineering Design." In Artificial Intelligence in Design ’96, 311–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0279-4_17.

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Kriegman, David J., Peter N. Belhumeur, and Athinodoros S. Georghiades. "Shape and Enlightenment: Reconstruction and Recognition under Variable Illumination." In Robotics Research, 79–87. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0765-1_10.

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Gabrielides, N. C., and P. D. Kaklis. "C4 Interpolatory Shape-Preserving Polynomial Splines of Variable Degree." In Geometric Modelling, 119–54. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6270-5_8.

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Athitsos, Vassilis, Jingbin Wang, Stan Sclaroff, and Margrit Betke. "Detecting Instances of Shape Classes That Exhibit Variable Structure." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2006, 121–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11744023_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Murray, Benjamin C. Mac, Bryan N. Peele, Patricia Xu, Josef Spjut, Omer Shapira, David Luebke, and Robert F. Shepherd. "A variable shape and variable stiffness controller for haptic virtual interactions." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robosoft.2018.8404930.

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Garnham, Nigel W., and Mohammad K. Ibrahim. "Adaptive subregion variable shape block compensated prediction." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by Andrew G. Tescher. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.186554.

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Widmann, James M., and Sheri D. Sheppard. "Shape Optimization Using a Variable Number of Conic Patches." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0367.

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Abstract Shape Optimization is a branch of structural optimization in which the boundaries of geometry are varied. The shape of the boundary is determined by optimizing a set of design variables that form the geometric description of the shape. This paper presents a method of two dimensional shape optimization in which the number of design variables is allowed to change during the optimization process. First an initial design representation is chosen and optimized. Next a new mathematical description of the optimized design is created with an increased number of design variables. This new design is subsequently optimized. This allows the optimization process to work within a larger design space that includes a greater variety of shapes. The process of adding design variables is repeated until no additional improvements in the design are made. Several design examples are solved with this procedure and presented.
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Tonomura, Osamu, Tatsuya Takase, Manabu Kano, and Shinji Hasebe. "Optimal Shape Design of Pressure-Driven Microchannels Using Adjoint Variable Method." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30109.

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The shape of microchannels is an important design variable to achieve the desired performance. Since most microchannels are, at present, designed by trial and error, a systematic optimal shape design method needs to be established. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often used to rigorously examine the influence of the shape of microchannels on heat and mass transport phenomena in the flow field. However, the rash combination of CFD and the optimization technique based on evaluating gradients of the cost function requires enormous computation time when the number of design variables is large. Recently, the adjoint variable method has attracted the attention as an efficient sensitivity analysis method, particularly for aeronautical shape design, since it allows one to successfully obtain the shape gradient functions independently of the number of design variables. In this research, an automatic shape optimization system based on the adjoint variable method is developed using C language on a Windows platform. To validate the effectiveness of the developed system, pressure drop minimization problems of a 180° curved microchannel and a branched microchannel in incompressible flows under constant volume conditions are solved. These design examples illustrate that the pressure drop of the optimally designed microchannels is decreased by about 20% ∼ 40% as compared with that of the initial shape.
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Tadakuma, Kenjiro, Erick Fernando Moya Arimie, and Riichiro Tadakuma. "Hyper flexible robot with variable stiffness and shape." In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2013.6584277.

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Kobayash, Hiroaki, Yusuke Maru, Motoyuki Hongoh, Shinsuke Takeuchi, Keiichi Okai, and Takayuki Kojima. "Study on Variable-Shape Supersonic Inlets and Miss..." In 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-05-c4.5.04.

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Ayhan, Oner, Bahri Abaci, and Tayfun Akgul. "Improved Active Shape Model for variable illumination conditions." In 2013 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2013.6659309.

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Lanitis, A. "Classifying variable objects using a flexible shape model." In Fifth International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950622.

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Alyanak, Edward, Vipperla Venkayya, Ramana Grandhi, and Ravi Penmetsa. "Variable Shape Cavitator Design for a Supercavitating Torpedo." In 10th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4424.

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Lyu, Ilwoo, Jonathan Perdomo, Gabriel S. Yapuncich, Beatriz Paniagua, Doug M. Boyer, and Martin A. Styner. "Group-wise shape correspondence of variable and complex objects." In Image Processing, edited by Elsa D. Angelini and Bennett A. Landman. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293273.

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Reports on the topic "Shape Variable"

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Chambers-Ju, Christopher, Amanda Beatty, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Exploring the Politics of Expertise:The Indonesian Teachers’ Union and Education Policy, 2005-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/101.

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Research on education politics often uses interest group pressure to explain the policy influence of teachers’ organizations. While acknowledging the power teachers’ unions have to articulate interests and shape labor policy, we explore how a less-studied variable–expertise (or the credibility of the claims they make to expertise)– shapes the policy process. In many low-and middle-income countries, teacher organizations struggle to demonstrate policy expertise and professional competence in core areas related to teaching and learning. Focusing on Indonesia from 2005-2020, we examine how the largest teachers’ organization influenced labor policy but was marginal in debates about professional standards, training, and evaluation due to its limited technical capacity and struggles to propose viable policy alternatives. Expertise is a critical policy input, and it deserves more attention in the education politics subfield. It is central for setting the agenda for policies to improve the quality of education and it has normative value for improving policy design overall.
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Брошко, Євгеній Олегович. Variability of Structural and Biomechanical Prameters of Pelophylax esculentus (Amphibia, Anura) Limb Bones. Vestnik zoologii, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1529.

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Structural and biomechanical parameters of Edible Frog, Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758), limb bones, namely, mass, linear dimensions, parameters of the shaft ’s cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional area, moments of inertia, radiuses of inertia) were investigated. Some coeffi cients were also estimated: diameters ratio (df/ds), cross-sectional index (ik), principal moments of inertia ratio (Imax/Imin). Coeffi cients of variation of linear dimensions (11.9–20.0 %) and relative bone mass (22–35 %) were established. Moments of inertia of various bones are more variable (CV = 41.67–56.35 %) in relation to radii of inertia (CV = 9.68–14.67 %). Shaft ’s cross-sectional shape is invariable in all cases. However, there is high individual variability of structural and biomechanical parameters of P. esculentus limb bones. Variability of parameters was limited by the certain range.We suggest the presence of stable norm in bone structure. Stylopodium bones have the primary biomechanical function among the elements of limb skeleton, because their parameters most clearly responsiveto changes in body mass.
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Horowitz, Joel L., and Joachim Freyberger. Identification and shape restrictions in nonparametric instrumental variables estimation. Institute for Fiscal Studies, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2012.1512.

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Freyberger, Joachim, and Joel L. Horowitz. Identification and shape restrictions in nonparametric instrumental variables estimation. Institute for Fiscal Studies, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2013.3113.

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Mullin, Elinor Rainbow Ruth, Katherine Elizabeth Mesick, Suzanne Florence Nowicki, Daniel David Schechtman Coupland, and Natalia Zaitseva. Thermal Variance of Organic Scintillators with Pulse Shape Discrimination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573989.

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Smith, Elizabeth S. Gender Dimensions of Climate Insecurity. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/msjj1524.

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Gender is a traditionally under researched dimension in scholarship on climate and security. However, as recent research has noted, it is a variable that cannot only shape how different groups of individuals are affected by climate-related security risks. Gendered norms and power structures can also increase or mitigate the likelihood of climate-related security risks. This SIPRI Insights paper contributes to the growing body of research on gender, climate and security by analyzing the gender dimensions of the four pathways of climate insecurity featured in past SIPRI studies: (a) livelihood deterioration; (b) migration and changing mobility; (c) tactical considerations of armed groups; and (d) elite exploitation and resource mismanagement. It reviews literature to highlight how gender can influence resilience and risk for different groups of men and women within the pathways. Where relevant, it also discusses how gender may serve as an instigating factor for the respective pathways. The paper stresses the need to critically understand the different and interlinked experiences of groups of men and women in the pathway contexts, and to ensure equal leadership and participation of all affected groups in addressing climate-related security risks.
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7

Fernandez, Ruben, Hernando Lugo, and Georfe Dulikravich. Aerodynamic Shape Multi-Objective Optimization for SAE Aero Design Competition Aircraft. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009778.

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The SAE Regular Class Aero Design Competition requires students to design a radio-controlled aircraft with limits to the aircraft power consumption, take-off distance, and wingspan, while maximizing the amount of payload it can carry. As a result, the aircraft should be designed subject to these simultaneous and contradicting objectives: 1) minimize the aerodynamic drag force, 2) minimize the aerodynamic pitching moment, and 3) maximize the aerodynamic lift force. In this study, we optimized the geometric design variables of a biplane configuration using 3D aerodynamic analysis using the ANSYS Fluent. Coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment were determined from the completed 3D CFD simulations. Extracted coefficients were used in modeFRONTIER multi-objective optimization software to find a set of non-dominated (Pareto-optimal or best trade-off) optimized 3D aircraft shapes from which the winner was selected based to the desired plane performance.
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8

Engel, Charles, Jeffrey Frankel, Kenneth Froot, and Anthony Rodrigues. The Constrained Asset Share Estimation (CASE) Method: Testing Mean-Variance Efficiency of the U.S. Stock Market. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4294.

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9

Shadurdyyev, G. Analysis of sets of factors affecting the variable flow of the Amu Darya River to create a seasonal prognostic model. Kazakh-German University, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/dkucrswp/2022/53-72.eng.

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The Amu Darya River is a transboundary river whose flow of the river in high-water years reaches up to 108 km3 and in low-water years up to 47 km3 and these are huge fluctuations in the water flow of the river for Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan, that share water among themselves. The point to consider is that the downstream countries Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (and possibly Afghanistan in the future) use a lot of water for irrigation, and therefore these countries are the ones most in need of an accurate forecast of the volume of water for the upcoming season. An accurate forecast of the volume of water on the seasonal scale is necessary for better planning of the structure of crops, and subsequently water use in the irrigation of crops. An acceptable solution to this challenge is the construction of an empirical time series model that will be used to predict the seasonal flows of the Amu Darya River to improve the planning and management of water resources in downstream countries. This article considers three important discharge time series in the larger Amu Darya Basin. These include the Kerki Gauge on the Amu Darya, Darband Gauge on Vaksh River and Khorog Gauge on Gunt River. Long-term time series from these stations are available for the study of the development and implementation of time-series based models for the prediction of discharge in the basin. At this stage, we attempt to demonstrate a proof-of-concept which can in a second step convince stakeholders to share such type of discharge data operationally for more effective water allocation between sectors and countries. All our work was carried out with the quantitative tools R/RStudio and QGIS. It can serve as a stepping stone for more complex forecasting models in the future.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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