Journal articles on the topic 'Shape Transitioning'
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Denman, Zachary J., Vincent Wheatley, Michael K. Smart, and Ananthanarayanan Veeraragavan. "Supersonic combustion of hydrocarbons in a shape-transitioning hypersonic engine." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 36, no. 2 (2017): 2883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.081.
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Davidson, Brittany I., and Adam N. Joinson. "Shape Shifting Across Social Media." Social Media + Society 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 205630512199063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305121990632.
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Individuals change and adapt their behavior according to their social situation (e.g., transitioning from work to home). However, how does this shape shifting of self-presentations and identity translate into various online platforms? This exploratory study utilizes a novel and mixed methodological approach to better understand user behavior across social media platforms. We interviewed 22 participants and employed a repertory grid technique to reveal deeper similarities and differences in behavior across various online platforms. We found that users had a variety of strategies for managing multiple audiences across multiple platforms. Almost all participants actively separated their professional (e.g., LinkedIn) and social (e.g., Facebook or Instagram) oriented platforms typically by self-censorship of posts rather than utilizing audience management tools. Via the repertory grid technique, we revealed a number of more subtle nuances of how participants reflect on how and why they maintain a number of social media identities.
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Denman, Zachary J., Wilson Y. K. Chan, Stefan Brieschenk, Ananthanarayanan Veeraragavan, Vincent Wheatley, and Michael K. Smart. "Ignition Experiments of Hydrocarbons in a Mach 8 Shape-Transitioning Scramjet Engine." Journal of Propulsion and Power 32, no. 6 (November 2016): 1462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.b36099.
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Curran, Damian, Vincent Wheatley, and Michael Smart. "Investigation of Combustion Mode Control in a Mach 8 Shape-Transitioning Scramjet." AIAA Journal 57, no. 7 (July 2019): 2977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j057999.
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Haseeb, Abdul, Hong Chen, Yufei Huang, Ping Yang, Xuejing Sun, Adeela Iqbal, Nisar Ahmed, et al. "Remodelling of mitochondria during spermiogenesis of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 11 (2018): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18010.
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Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles that have the ability to change their shape under different conditions, such as in response to stress, disease, changes in metabolic rate, energy requirements and apoptosis. In the present study, we observed remodelling of mitochondria during spermiogenesis and its relationship with mitochondria-associated granules (MAG). At the beginning of spermiogenesis, mitochondria are characterised by their round shape. As spermiogenesis progresses, the round-shaped mitochondria change into elongated and then swollen mitochondria, subsequently forming a crescent-like shape and finally developing into onion-like shaped mitochondria. We also noted changes in mitochondrial size, location and patterns of cristae at different stages of spermiogenesis. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were found in the size of the different-shaped mitochondria. In early spermatids transitioning to the granular nucleus stage, the size of the mitochondria decreased, but increased subsequently during spermiogenesis. Changes in size and morphological variations were achieved through marked mitochondrial fusion. We also observed a non-membranous structure (MAG) closely associated with mitochondria that may stimulate or control fusion during mitochondrial remodelling. The end product of this sophisticated remodelling process in turtle spermatozoa is an onion-like mitochondrion. The acquisition of this kind of mitochondrial configuration is one strategy for long-term sperm storage in turtles.
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Kim, Yijung K., and Sae Hwang Han. "Internet Use and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Focus on Asymmetric Effects and Contextual Factors." Gerontologist 62, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab149.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Despite emerging literature linking Internet usage and cognitive functioning in later life, research seldom takes changes in older adults’ Internet use into account. How changes in Internet use influence older adults’ cognitive decline over time, particularly in the context of sociodemographic factors that shape Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use, remains an open question. Research Design and Methods Using 9 waves of panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002–2018), we examined within-person asymmetric effects of transitioning into and out of Internet use on cognitive functioning, and whether the associations vary across birth cohorts and by living arrangement. Results Transitioning into Internet use (i.e., Internet use onset) was associated with improved cognitive functioning at a given wave and decelerated cognitive decline over time. Transitioning out of the Internet (i.e., Internet use cessation) was associated with worse cognitive functioning at a given wave and accelerated cognitive decline over time. Furthermore, birth cohort and living arrangement moderated these associations. The detrimental effect of transitioning out of Internet use was worse for older adults born in 1941 or before. The cognitive benefits of transitioning into Internet use were greater for those older adults who live alone. Discussion and Implications These findings highlight the interplay between technology, social environment, and cognitive functioning in later life. The salubrious effects of using the Internet, as well as the deleterious effects of ceasing to use such technology, underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy and access to ICT among the older adult population.
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Pellegrini, Chiara. "The I in Trans Genre." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-7914556.
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Abstract The following is a transcription of an interview with Juliet Jacques, conducted and edited by Chiara Pellegrini. Placing Trans: A Memoir (2015) in the context of Jacques's larger body of work, the interview discusses writing in the first person, transitioning in the media, and the normative temporalities of life writing that shape what constitutes a culturally recognizable trans identity.
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Suresh, Vignesh, Yajun Wang, and Beiwen Li. "High-dynamic-range 3D shape measurement utilizing the transitioning state of digital micromirror device." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 107 (August 2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.03.030.
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Han, Ok-Min. "A Study on the Constructionand Social Meaning of ‘mound-shaped monument’ in the Yeongsangang River Basin." RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE MAHAN-BAEKJE CULTURE 40 (December 31, 2022): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34265/mbmh.2022.40.2.
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his study starts with the problem consciousness that it is difficult to define the concept of tombs in the Yeongsangang River basin as ancient tombs with data such as Sumyo(壽墓) or Heomyo(虛墓). Since there is no central burial facility, it is difficult to see it as an ancient tomb, and it is judged as a ‘mound-shaped monument’ in terms of shape and function. As a result of the mound-shaped monument review, it can be found in seven places from the upstream station of the Yeongsangang River to the downstream station. The shape and structure are the same as the 'mound' of the ancient tomb, and can be discussed in five ways: location, number, stone cover status, shape, and ditch facilities. The characteristics are that there are many places with a good view, many square shapes, many made of one, and many without ditch facilities. It can be said that the concept was different from the tombs gathered on the flat land with ditches. It is a ‘signature symbol’ role that shows the status of the group, and it seems to be a trend phenomenon that creates a huge ancient tomb in that it matches its appearance and function within a certain period of time. The Yeongsangang River basin was created from the middle of the 5th century to diversify its social meaning and pray for authority and well-being. From the existence of the 'mound-shaped monument' it can be seen that even in the process of gradually transitioning from Mahan to Baekje, it was completed as a tomb landscape with various components in addition to the mound. In the future, extensive archaeological approaches to space composition are expected to be made to deepen consciousness research such as Mahan's grave and funeral.
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McKillip, Mary E. M., Anita Rawls, and Carol Barry. "Improving College Access: A Review of Research on the Role of High School Counselors." Professional School Counseling 16, no. 1 (October 2012): 2156759X1201600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x1201600106.
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High school counselors potentially hold a key position to help increase the number of U.S. students receiving post-secondary degrees, particularly to address inequalities that prevent certain students from successfully transitioning to college. Using the model of student success (Perna & Thomas, 2008), this study reviewed the literature to understand how various contexts (social, school, family, student) shape high school counselor interactions with students as they work to improve post-secondary outcomes of college access and enrollment.
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Vernik, Lev, and Mark Kachanov. "Modeling elastic properties of siliciclastic rocks." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 6 (November 2010): E171—E182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3494031.
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We have modeled the effective elastic moduli — and hence the compression and shear wave velocities — of dry sandstones. The modeling is distinctly different in two ranges of porosity [Formula: see text]: from zero to the consolidation limit [Formula: see text] (consolidated regime), where the rock is treated as continuous material containing pores and cracks, and from [Formula: see text] to the critical porosity [Formula: see text], where the rock is transitioning to a granular material (unconsolidated regime). In the consolidated regime, the modeling is micromechanics based and yields the moduli in terms of porosity, pore-shape factor, and crack density, based on the noninteraction approximation with the Mori-Tanaka correction for interactions. By necessity, it contains empirical parameters reflecting highly irregular shapes of pores and microcracks. In the unconsolidated regime, we propose empirical relations of the Mori-Tanaka type where pore-shape factors assume large values, consistent with very soft, concave pore shapes typical in this regime. Combined, the two models can be viewed as a sand diagenesis model for the entire range of porosities, from zero to [Formula: see text]. Its predictions cover the available experimental data on arenites, the most ubiquitous group of sandstones. Finally, our empirical relations for inorganic shales express bedding-normal velocities as functions of porosity and total clay content.
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MacDonnell, Judith A., and Alisa Grigorovich. "Gender, Work, and Health for Trans Health Providers: A Focus on Transmen." ISRN Nursing 2012 (December 17, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/161097.
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Well-documented health research points to trans people’s vulnerability to health inequities that are linked to deeply embedded structural and social determinants of health. Gender and work, as social determinants of health for trans people, both shape and are shaped by multiple factors such as support networks, social environments, income and social status, shelter, and personal health practices. There is a gap in the nursing literature in regards to research on work and health for diverse trans people and a virtual silence on the particular issues of trans-identified health providers. This qualitative study used comparative life history methodology and purposeful sampling to examine links among work, career, and health for transmen who are health providers. Semistructured interviews were completed with four Canadian transmen involved in health care professional and/or practice contexts with diverse professions, age, work, and transitioning experiences. Critical gender analysis showed that unique and gender-related critical events and influences shape continuities and discontinuities in their careerlives. This strength-based approach foregrounds how resilience and growth emerged through participants’ articulation with everyday gender dynamics. These findings have implications for nursing research, education, and practice that include an understanding of how trans providers “do transgender work” and supporting them in that process.
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Loridan, T., S. Khare, E. Scherer, M. Dixon, and E. Bellone. "Parametric Modeling of Transitioning Cyclone Wind Fields for Risk Assessment Studies in the Western North Pacific." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 3 (March 2015): 624–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0095.1.
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AbstractProbabilistic risk assessment systems for tropical cyclone hazards rely on large ensembles of model simulations to characterize cyclones tracks, intensities, and the extent of the associated damaging winds. Given the computational costs, the wind field is often modeled using parametric formulations that make assumptions that are based on observations of tropical systems (e.g., satellite, or aircraft reconnaissance). In particular, for the Northern Hemisphere, most of the damaging contribution is assumed to be from the right of the moving cyclone, with the left-hand-side winds being much weaker because of the direction of storm motion. Recent studies have highlighted that this asymmetry assumption does not hold for cyclones undergoing extratropical transitions around Japan. Transitioning systems can exhibit damaging winds on both sides of the moving cyclone, with wind fields often characterized as resembling a horseshoe. This study develops a new parametric formulation of the extratropical transition phase for application in risk assessment systems. A compromise is sought between the need to characterize the horseshoe shape while keeping the formulation simple to allow for implementation within a risk assessment framework. For that purpose the tropical wind model developed by Willoughby et al. is selected as a starting point and parametric bias correction fields are applied to build the target shape. Model calibration is performed against a set of 37 extratropical transition cases simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. This newly developed parametric model of the extratropical transition phase shows an ability to reproduce wind field features observed in the western North Pacific Ocean while using only a restricted number of input parameters.
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Cooper, Caroline M. "‘This is Our Way In’: The Civil Society of Environmental NGOs in South-West China." Government and Opposition 41, no. 1 (2006): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00173.x.
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AbstractA growing number of Chinese environmental groups constitute not only an effective force in tackling environmental issues, but also a genuine civil society that is transforming state-society relations in China. This paper will consider how the environmental movement now taking shape among south-western China's environmental NGOs creates new civic freedoms and deals with existing constraints under the current Chinese political system. While this empowerment of local citizens will have a broadly positive influence on the protection of China's environment, precedent from other transitioning countries shows that environmental movements can be inextricably linked to important new freedoms for the public as well as jarring political change.
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Lenzi, Sara, and Paolo Ciuccarelli. "Intentionality and design in the data sonification of social issues." Big Data & Society 7, no. 2 (July 2020): 205395172094460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720944603.
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Data sonification is a practice for conducting scientific analysis through the use of sound to represent data. It is now transitioning to a practice for communicating and reaching wider publics by expanding the range of languages and senses for understanding complexity in data-intensive societies. Communicating to wider publics, though, requires that authors intentionally shape sonification in ways that consider the goals and contexts in which publics relate. It requires a specific set of knowledge and skills that design as a discipline could provide. In this article, we interpret five recent sonification projects and locate them on a scale of intentionality in how authors communicate socially relevant issues to publics.
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De Wagter, Christophe, Bart Remes, Rick Ruijsink, Freek van Tienen, and Erik van der Horst. "Design and Testing of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAV Optimized for Carrying a Hydrogen Fuel Cell with a Pressure Tank." Unmanned Systems 08, no. 04 (September 21, 2020): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385020500223.
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Flight endurance is still a bottleneck for many types of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) applications. While battery technology improves over the years, for flights that last an entire day, batteries are still insufficient. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells offer an interesting alternative but pose stringent requirements on the platform. The required cruise power must be sufficiently low and flying with a pressurized tank poses new safety and shape constraints. This paper proposes a hybrid transitioning UAV that is optimized towards carrying a hydrogen tank and fuel cell. Hover is achieved using 12 redundant propellers connected to a dual Controller Area Network (CAN) bus and dual power supply. Forward flight is achieved using a tandem wing configuration. The tandem wing not only minimizes the required wingspan to minimize perturbations from gusts during hover, but it also handles the very large pitch inertia of the inline pressure tank and fuel cell very well. During forward flight, 8 of the 12 propellers are folded while the tip propellers counteract the tip vortexes. The propulsion is tested on a force balance and the selected fuel cell is tested in the lab. Finally, a prototype is built and tested in-flight using battery power. Stable hover, good transitioning properties, and stable forward flight are demonstrated.
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Vásquez-Saavedra, Cristián, Gabriel Abarca-Brown, and Svenska Arensburg Castelli. "Towards a “transitioning”: Biographical clues on gender transition, malaise, and health services in Chile." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 1 (January 2022): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022271.31912020.
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Abstract We analyze how the interactions between the trans population and the Chilean healthcare system shape specific processes of malaise associated with gender transition (“tránsito de género”). Adopting psychoanalytic and transfeminist conceptual approaches, as well as a biographical methodology, we examine autobiographical narratives of three trans subjects. We discuss three topics: childhood as a critical period for gender transition and malaise; the role of institutions; and the ways through which subjects manage malaise. We argue that trans subjects face specific sociocultural conditions that lead to unique processes of malaise associated with gender transition. We show how politicization and the construction of an institutional framework, bodily aesthetical modifications, and the self-administration of medical knowledge emerge as some of the paths to navigate the gender transition process. Besides, we foreground the notion of “transitioning” (“transicionar”) by considering the criticism voiced by the participants. By using this notion, they interrogate the rigidity and psychopathologization of identity that is implicitly present in the notion of gender transition, as well as they enrich the transfeminist discourse in favor of their agency/autonomy.
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Adair, Desmond, and Martin Jaeger. "In-Plane Free Vibration Analysis of a Scimitar-Type Rotating Curved Beam Using the Adomian Modified Decomposition Method." Mathematical and Computational Applications 25, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca25040068.
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Free in-plane vibrations of a scimitar-type nonprismatic rotating curved beam, with a variable cross-section and increasing sweep along the leading edge, are calculated using an innovative, efficient and accurate solver called the Adomian modified decomposition method (AMDM). The equation of motion includes the axial force resulting from centrifugal stiffening, and the boundary conditions imposed are those of a cantilever beam, i.e., clamped-free and simple-free. The AMDM allows the governing differential equation to become a recursive algebraic equation suitable for symbolic computation, and, after additional simple mathematical operations, the natural frequencies and corresponding closed-form series solution of the mode shapes are obtained simultaneously. Two main advantages of the application of the AMDM are its fast convergence rate to a solution and its high degree of accuracy. The design shape parameters of the beam, such as transitioning from a straight beam pattern to a curved beam pattern, are investigated. The accuracy of the model is investigated using previously reported investigations and using an innovative error analysis procedure.
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Tamamoto, Takumi, Keita Takeuchi, and Koichi Koganezawa. "Development of Gripper to Achieve Envelope Grasping with Underactuated Mechanism Using Differential Gear." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0855.
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In a previous study, we developed a seven-axis multi-joint gripper (MJG) with a mechanism for varying the joint stiffness and showed that it was capable of dexterous grasping. In this research, we expand this design by introducing a hand with several multi-jointed fingers. The mechanism of grasping with this hand involves the use of serially connected differential gear systems (DGSs). The DGSs are controlled by only two actuators: one for driving the joints simultaneously and the other for adjusting the stiffness of all of the joints. The hand is shown to successfully grasp and envelope objects of some shapes without sensory feedback and handle objects by pinching them with the finger tips and subsequently transitioning to an envelope grasp. The mechanism that significantly contributes to this result is the tip roller attached to the fingertip. It is incorporated into the joint drive mechanism using a DGS. These functionalities are considerably advantageous in scenarios where information about the objects to be grasped, such as the shape and precise position, cannot be obtained.
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Ibrahim, I. H., E. Y. K. Ng, K. Wong, and R. Gunasekaran. "Effects of centerline curvature and cross-sectional shape transitioning in the subsonic diffuser of the F-5 fighter jet." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 22, no. 10 (October 2008): 1993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0744-7.
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Concilio, A., I. Dimino, S. Ameduri, and R. Pecor. "Adaptive Structures and Biomimetic Robots – A Perspective." International Journal of Robotics and Automation Technology 7 (November 29, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2409-9694.2020.07.6.
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This paper gives an overview of some recent full-scale demonstrations of morphing devices capable of providing innovative capabilities to general systems in changing shape and improving performance significantly during operations. In aeronautics, large progress has been observed over the last few years, meaning that this technology is rapidly transitioning from laboratory scale to high TRL demonstrators. The most advanced concepts already proved to withstand loads with minimal deformation while having the capability to change their geometry to attain additional benefits with respect to their original mission. In the same way, robotics has become one of the most prominent technological trends of the current century. The rapid increase in their use and development has significantly changed our society by gradually replacing a large share of human jobs. Such an evolution is also rapidly accelerating, as technological advances in automation, engineering, artificial intelligence, and machine learning converge. Since both domains involve the integration of actuators, sensors and controllers and face integrity challenges in harsh environments, they may be seen somehow related and probably share a common future. In this article, the authors propose an original view of a possible future scenario that is likely to consider a unique development path for research on adaptive structures and robotics.
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Stayton, C. Tristan. "Performance Surface Analysis Identifies Consistent Functional Patterns across 10 Morphologically Divergent Terrestrial Turtle Lineages." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz072.
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Abstract Newly-developed methods for utilizing performance surfaces—multivariate representations of the relationship between phenotype and functional performance—allow researchers to test hypotheses about adaptive landscapes and evolutionary diversification with explicit attention to functional factors. Here, information from performance surfaces of three turtle shell functions—shell strength, hydrodynamics, and self-righting—is used to test the hypothesis that turtle lineages transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats show patterns of shell shape evolution consistent with decreased importance of hydrodynamic performance. Turtle shells are excellent model systems for evolutionary functional analysis. The evolution of terrestriality is an interesting test case for the efficacy of these methods because terrestrial turtles do not show a straightforward pattern of morphological convergence in shell shape: many terrestrial lineages show increased shell height, typically assumed to decrease hydrodynamic performance, but there are also several lineages where the evolution of terrestriality was accompanied by shell flattening. Performance surface analyses allow exploration of these complex patterns and explicit quantitative analysis of the functional implications of changes in shell shape. Ten lineages were examined. Nearly all terrestrial lineages, including those which experienced decreased shell height, are associated with morphological changes consistent with a decrease in the importance of shell hydrodynamics. This implies a common selective pattern across lineages showing divergent morphological patterns. Performance studies such as these hold great potential for integrating adaptive and performance data in macroevolutionary studies.
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Hu, Shu. "Parents’ Migration and Adolescents’ Transition to High School in Rural China: The Role of Parental Divorce." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 12 (May 28, 2018): 3324–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18778083.
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Using both quantitative and qualitative data collected in a migrant-sending county from 2012 to 2013, this article examines the mechanisms through which parental migration could shape adolescents’ transition to high school in rural China. Though parental migration improves children’s educational outcomes via social remittance of education value, it also leads to a decline in children’s educational achievements by increasing the odds of parental divorce. The likelihood of divorce rises with the migration of mother or both parents, and this significantly increases the risks of discontinuing schooling and transitioning to vocational high schools, relative to attending academic high schools. In contrast to the conventional explanations of economic resources and psychological health, this article emphasizes the significant role of marital instability in the link between parental migration and children’s educational outcomes.
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Boehme, Kate, Peter Mitchell, and Alan Lester. "Reforming Everywhere and All at Once: Transitioning to Free Labor across the British Empire, 1837–1838." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 688–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000233.
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AbstractIn late 1837 and early 1838 the British imperial government was preparing for an empire-wide transition from bonded to nominally free labor. This article builds upon recent scholarship that promotes a holistic, global approach to this transition, by narrowing the temporal frame and expanding the spatial. We emphasize interconnectivity and simultaneity rather than chronological succession, and we analyze the governance, rather than the experience, of this transition. Our approach is founded upon analysis of correspondence passing from every British colonial site through the Colonial Office in 1837–1838. We suggest that this hub of imperial government sought to reconcile the persistence of different conditions in each colony with the pursuit of three overarching policy objectives: redistributing labor globally; distinguishing between the moral debts owed to different kinds of bonded labor, and managing tradeoffs between security, economy, and morality. We conclude that the governance of the transition to free labor is best conceived as an assemblage of material and expressive elements of different spatial scales, whose interactions were complex and indeterminate. Through these specific governmental priorities and a particular communications infrastructure, these elements were brought into critical alignment at this moment to shape a significant transition in relations between people across the world.
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Neal, Nicholas, and David Rothamer. "Evolving one-dimensional transient jet modeling by integrating jet breakup physics." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 9 (February 1, 2017): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416688119.
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High-speed optical measurements of unsteady liquid fuel jets under engine-like conditions have shown that the initial penetration of the jets does not follow the behavior predicted by previously introduced one-dimensional jet models based on gas-jet principles. The experimental data indicate that the transient jet penetration velocity is initially controlled by the jet exit velocity, transitioning to gas-jet like mixing-dominated penetration further downstream. This behavior is consistent with the common description of high-pressure fuel jets as containing a liquid core surrounded by entrained gas and fuel droplets. In this paper, a new one-dimensional modeling methodology is introduced that couples the transport equations for the evolution of the liquid core of the jet and the surrounding sheath of droplets resulting from breakup. This allows for the penetration of the jet to be initially governed by the liquid core, which is relatively unaffected by the ambient gas, transitioning to spray penetration dominated by the entrained ambient gas. The model also provides a defined jet centerline velocity, which allows for the shape of the radial profiles of fuel velocity and fuel volume fraction to be solved for directly, without the need for a steady-jet assumption, as was used in previous one-dimensional models. This change removes the need for a constant momentum flux assumption, improving the transient nature of the model. The results of the model are validated against the aforementioned optical transient jet measurements. The model and all associated experimental data have been made available for use at rothamer.erc.wisc.edu/dlp .
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Zhang, Jianying, Daibang Nie, Kelly Williamson, Arthur McDowell, MaCalus V. Hogan, and James H.-C. Wang. "Moderate and intensive mechanical loading differentially modulate the phenotype of tendon stem/progenitor cells in vivo." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0242640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242640.
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To examine the differential mechanobiological responses of specific resident tendon cells, we developed an in vivo model of whole-body irradiation followed by injection of either tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP-TSCs) or mature tenocytes expressing GFP (GFP-TNCs) into the patellar tendons of wild type C57 mice. Injected mice were subjected to short term (3 weeks) treadmill running, specifically moderate treadmill running (MTR) and intensive treadmill running (ITR). In MTR mice, both GFP-TSC and GFP-TNC injected tendons maintained normal cell morphology with elevated expression of tendon related markers collagen I and tenomodulin. In ITR mice injected with GFP-TNCs, cells also maintained an elongated shape similar to the shape found in normal/untreated control mice, as well as elevated expression of tendon related markers. However, ITR mice injected with GFP-TSCs showed abnormal changes, such as cell morphology transitioning to a round shape, elevated chondrogenic differentiation, and increased gene expression of non-tenocyte related genes LPL, Runx-2, and SOX-9. Increased gene expression data was supported by immunostaining showing elevated expression of SOX-9, Runx-2, and PPARγ. This study provides evidence that while MTR maintains tendon homeostasis by promoting the differentiation of TSCs into TNCs, ITR causes the onset of tendinopathy development by inducing non-tenocyte differentiation of TSCs, which may eventually lead to the formation of non-tendinous tissues in tendon tissue after long term mechanical overloading conditions on the tendon.
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Wytrwat, Tom, Mahdi Yazdanpanah, and Stefan Heinrich. "Bubble Properties in Bubbling and Turbulent Fluidized Beds for Particles of Geldart’s Group B." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091098.
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Predicting bubble properties in fluidized beds is of high interest for reactor design and modeling. While bubble sizes and velocities for low velocity bubbling fluidized beds have been examined in several studies, there have been only few studies about bubble behavior at superficial gas velocities up into the turbulent regime. For this reason, we performed a thorough investigation of the size, shape and velocity of bubbles at superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.18 m/s up to 1.6 m/s. Capacitance probes were used for the determination of the bubble properties in three different fluidized bed facilities sized of 0.1 m, 0.4 m and 1 m in diameter. Particles belonging to Geldart’s group B (Sauter mean diameter: 188 µm, solid density: ρs = 2600 kg/m3) were used. Correlations for the determination of bubble phase holdup, vertical bubble length and bubble velocity are introduced in this work. The shape of bubbles was found to depend on superficial gas velocity. This implies that at large superficial gas velocities the horizontal size of a bubble must be much smaller in comparison to its vertical size. This leads to a decrease of pressure fluctuations, which is observed in the literature as a characteristic of transitioning into a turbulent regime.
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Nippa, Michael, Sanjay Patnaik, and Markus Taussig. "MNE responses to carbon pricing regulations: Theory and evidence." Journal of International Business Studies 52, no. 5 (March 17, 2021): 904–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00403-8.
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AbstractThis paper develops theory suggesting that, relative to purely domestic firms, multinational enterprises (MNE) have greater incentives and strategic and operational means to respond to expanding carbon emissions constraints. We test our resulting hypotheses with data on changes in carbon emissions by over 6,000 industrial plants during Phase 2 (2008–2012) of the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme. We find that MNE maintain: (1) consistent carbon reductions across institutional contexts, and (2) an overall carbon performance edge over domestic firms. The carbon performance gap between MNEs and domestic firms narrowed, however, in host countries transitioning towards more stringent market regulatory systems. By demonstrating that the effects of national and international carbon regulations on firm behavior interact in important ways with each other and with firm characteristics, this paper deepens understanding of how institutions are likely to shape the ongoing energy transition towards a low-carbon economy.
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Merrick, Gordon N. "A Lens for Analysis of Payment for Ecosystem Services Systems: Transitioning the Working Lands Economic Sector from Extractive Industry to Regenerative System." Land 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060637.
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Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) systems are gaining attention worldwide. These systems are an increasingly used incentive structure for conservation, presenting a significant opportunity for science to impact and shape commerce. However, PES systems lack a unifying framework to analyze and evaluate them from multiple perspectives, including ecological revitalization alongside economic and social revitalization. In this study, I formulate a new analytical framework that accommodates both public and private PES systems, and test the framework with hypotheticals from both systems. Utilizing the framework developed, this article shows that publicly-operated PES systems function optimally, as a public system provides optimized benefits regarding societal and ecological outcomes, now and for future generations.
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Frickenstein, Alex N., Jordan M. Hagood, Collin N. Britten, Brandon S. Abbott, Molly W. McNally, Catherine A. Vopat, Eian G. Patterson, et al. "Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Properties and Strategies for Enhancing Clinical Effect." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040570.
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Due to the theragnostic potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), these were extensively investigated as a novel approach to improve clinical outcomes. Boasting an impressive array of formulations and modifications, MSNs demonstrate significant in vivo efficacy when used to identify or treat myriad malignant diseases in preclinical models. As MSNs continue transitioning into clinical trials, a thorough understanding of the characteristics of effective MSNs is necessary. This review highlights recent discoveries and advances in MSN understanding and technology. Specific focus is given to cancer theragnostic approaches using MSNs. Characteristics of MSNs such as size, shape, and surface properties are discussed in relation to effective nanomedicine practice and projected clinical efficacy. Additionally, tumor-targeting options used with MSNs are presented with extensive discussion on active-targeting molecules. Methods for decreasing MSN toxicity, improving site-specific delivery, and controlling release of loaded molecules are further explained. Challenges facing the field and translation to clinical environments are presented alongside potential avenues for continuing investigations.
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Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean, and Shu Hu. "Coming of Age in Times of Change." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 646, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212468667.
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This article aims to (1) describe trends for Chinese young adults’ pathways into adulthood for birth cohorts that have experienced distinct historical events over the past half century and (2) examine factors that shape young adults’ transitioning behavior. We draw data from the 2005 to 2008 Chinese General Social Survey. In contrast to the increasingly protracted trend seen in many Western societies, the more recent Chinese cohorts transitioned to marriage and parenthood sooner than those who grew up during the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. The economic and education reforms since the late 1970s have greatly increased urban-rural disparity in youths’ life trajectories despite their generally positive impact on young adults’ educational attainment and economic well-being. While near-universal marriage and childbearing within marriage prevail and son preference remains strong in modern China, evidence suggests that today’s young Chinese are exploring new pathways to adulthood, including cohabitation and premarital sex.
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Vijayabaskar, M. "State spatial restructuring, subnational politics and emerging spaces of engagement for collective action: Labour regimes in Tamil Nadu, southern India." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16664097.
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This paper contributes to the emerging literature on state rescaling by examining how processes of restructuring in late transitioning countries like India shape spaces of collective action for labour. India’s subnational States, which have become increasingly critical scales for shaping processes of economic restructuring, face competing governance imperatives. On one hand, they must offer a business-friendly environment, including cheap labour, in order to attract private investments. On the other hand, in a democratic polity, they are compelled to secure political power through electoral appeal to labour. Through a study of labour regimes in the southern State of Tamil Nadu, I argue that subnational governments have responded to this challenge by enabling a scale of labour governance that undermines labour’s ability to engage with new spaces of collective action opened up by reforms and globalization. Rather, the State subsidizes labour through welfare provisioning in their residential spaces even as it draws upon inter-State migrant labour that wields less electoral power.
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Boeraeve, Fanny, Marc Dufrêne, Nicolas Dendoncker, Amandine Dupire, and Grégory Mahy. "How Are Landscapes under Agroecological Transition Perceived and Appreciated? A Belgian Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062480.
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An increasing number of agricultural transition initiatives are taking place, seeking more autonomy and resilience on the farms. This undeniably reshapes the landscape and the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). To date, little research includes the knowledge and perceptions of local communities on rural landscapes in agricultural transition. Yet, farmers shape the landscape and ES delivery, and local inhabitants are directly impacted. The present work aims at assessing the extent to which locals (local inhabitants and farmers) appreciate and view landscapes undergoing agricultural transitions. To do so, questionnaires were submitted to locals enquiring about appreciation and ES perceptions of transitioning landscapes. These landscapes were shown in manipulated photographs simulating an agroecological landscape, a conventional agriculture landscape, and landscapes including each isolated agroecological practice (resulting in six ‘scenarios’). In order to put locals’ perceptions in perspective, the same questionnaire was submitted to ‘ES experts’, and ES perceptions were compared to field-based ES measurements in agroecological and conventional parcels of the same study region. The results show that locals and ES experts appreciate and perceive these scenarios similarly. The agroecological scenario was seen as the most appreciated and the one delivering the most ES, while the conventional one was the least appreciated and seen as the one delivering the least ES. These perceptions of ES delivery partially correspond to the ES field measurements, which showed a similar productivity within agroecological and conventional parcels and more regulating ES in agroecological parcels. We discuss how our results call for the assessment of the multi-performance of agricultural systems in terms of ES rather than focusing on yield only, and how future research addressing agroecological transition should rely on integrated valuations and mixed methods to better embrace the complexity of such transitioning systems.
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Leen, Robert. "Shape optimisation of a snowboard binding highback. A case study of generative design process comparison." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.598.
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<div><p>FEA software is traditionally expensive to purchase, takes a high level of technical skill and understanding and requires users to dedicate years to develop specialist skills. With the increasing popularity of more user-friendly, elementary software packages such as Fusion360, more cost effective and efficient processes can be developed and harnessed, especially by SME’s and designers that don’t have the ability to purchase expensive software packages. One particular FEA element that has recently begun transitioning from highly specialised to more readily available is ‘generative design’ and ‘shape optimisation.' Shape optimisation has only been able to be utilised by large corporations with large research and development budgets. This case study looks at exploring and optimising the methods involved in generative design for product development and it’s aimed at facilitating practises for small to medium enterprises (SME’s).</p><p>The work described in this paper presents a study using a snowboard binding highback component which was reverse engineered using 3D scanning. A blank model, free of any discerning features was created from the scan and then used as the platform for the generative design phase. This process was completed using easily accessible software (Fusion 360) as well as high-end professional software (Ansys 16). A comparison between the two workflows analyses the resultant model outcomes and outlines efficiencies regarding processing time, technical skill, and latent difficulties of the entry-level process for generative design of the snowboarding high back.</p><p>This paper aims to demonstrate and describe an optimisation model for generative design and shape optimisation during entry-level product development.</p></div>
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Ripoll, Juan-José, Mingyuan Zhu, Stephanie Brocke, Cindy T. Hon, Martin F. Yanofsky, Arezki Boudaoud, and Adrienne H. K. Roeder. "Growth dynamics of the Arabidopsis fruit is mediated by cell expansion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 50 (November 22, 2019): 25333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914096116.
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Fruit have evolved a sophisticated tissue and cellular architecture to secure plant reproductive success. Postfertilization growth is perhaps the most dramatic event during fruit morphogenesis. Several studies have proposed that fertilized ovules and developing seeds initiate signaling cascades to coordinate and promote the growth of the accompanying fruit tissues. This dynamic process allows the fruit to conspicuously increase its size and acquire its final shape and means for seed dispersal. All these features are key for plant survival and crop yield. Despite its importance, we lack a high-resolution spatiotemporal map of how postfertilization fruit growth proceeds at the cellular level. In this study, we have combined live imaging, mutant backgrounds in which fertilization can be controlled, and computational modeling to monitor and predict postfertilization fruit growth in Arabidopsis. We have uncovered that, unlike leaves, sepals, or roots, fruit do not exhibit a spatial separation of cell division and expansion domains; instead, there is a separation into temporal stages with fertilization as the trigger for transitioning to cell expansion, which drives postfertilization fruit growth. We quantified the coordination between fertilization and fruit growth by imaging no transmitting tract (ntt) mutants, in which fertilization fails in the bottom half of the fruit. By combining our experimental data with computational modeling, we delineated the mobility properties of the seed-derived signaling cascades promoting growth in the fruit. Our study provides the basis for generating a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing fruit growth and shape.
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Turner, Oliver C., Famke Aeffner, Dinesh S. Bangari, Wanda High, Brian Knight, Tom Forest, Brieuc Cossic, et al. "Society of Toxicologic Pathology Digital Pathology and Image Analysis Special Interest Group Article*: Opinion on the Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Digital Toxicologic Pathology." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319881401.
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Toxicologic pathology is transitioning from analog to digital methods. This transition seems inevitable due to a host of ongoing social and medical technological forces. Of these, artificial intelligence (AI) and in particular machine learning (ML) are globally disruptive, rapidly growing sectors of technology whose impact on the long-established field of histopathology is quickly being realized. The development of increasing numbers of algorithms, peering ever deeper into the histopathological space, has demonstrated to the scientific community that AI pathology platforms are now poised to truly impact the future of precision and personalized medicine. However, as with all great technological advances, there are implementation and adoption challenges. This review aims to define common and relevant AI and ML terminology, describe data generation and interpretation, outline current and potential future business cases, discuss validation and regulatory hurdles, and most importantly, propose how overcoming the challenges of this burgeoning technology may shape toxicologic pathology for years to come, enabling pathologists to contribute even more effectively to answering scientific questions and solving global health issues. [Box: see text]
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Naim, Kamran, Curtis Brundy, and Rachael G. Samberg. "Collaborative transition to open access publishing by scholarly societies." Molecular Biology of the Cell 32, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0178.
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For decades, universities, researchers, and libraries have sought a systemwide transition of scholarly publishing to open access (OA), but progress has been slow. There is now a potential for more rapid and impactful change, as new collaborative OA publishing models have taken shape. Cooperative publishing arrangements represent a viable path forward for society publishers to transition to OA as the default standard for disseminating research. The traditional article processing charge OA model has introduced sometimes unnavigable financial roadblocks, but cooperative arrangements premised on collective action principles can help to secure long-term stability and prevent the risk of free riding. Investment in cooperative arrangements does not require that cash-strapped libraries discover a new influx of money as their collection budgets continue to shrink, but rather that they purposefully redirect traditional subscription funds toward publishing support. These cooperative arrangements will require a two-way demonstration of trust: On one hand, libraries working together to provide assurances of sustained financial support, and on the other, societies’ willingness to experiment with discarding subscriptions. Organizations such as Society Publishers Coalition and Transitioning Society Publications to Open Access are committed to education about and further development of scalable and cooperative OA publishing models.
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Gonzalez, Katerina, C. Justice Tillman, and Jeanne Johnson Holmes. "Coming home: Why veterans with disabilities withhold workplace accommodation requests." Human Relations 73, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 1439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719875810.
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Veterans with disabilities are often hesitant to request an accommodation in the workplace, despite the fact that many intranational legal frameworks require employers to provide reasonable accommodation. This study draws from social identity and disability help-seeking theoretical perspectives to examine various factors – veteran identity, disability attributes, and workplace inclusive climate perceptions – which shape feelings of psychological safety and the decision to request a disability accommodation among military veterans with disabilities. Findings suggest veteran identity strain (an incongruence between one’s civilian work and military identity) is related to withholding of an accommodation request through decreased psychological safety. We also find veteran identity strain is less likely to be associated with decreased psychological safety when an organization is perceived to have a strong climate of inclusion, especially for military veterans with higher degrees of disability invisibility. The current study sheds light on why veterans with disabilities might not engage in help-seeking behaviors, and contributes to research streams on workplace disability and veteran workplace integration. Practically, we encourage employers to be especially aware of the needs of vulnerable employees and to develop inclusive climates in order to better support all military personnel transitioning to a civilian workforce.
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Best, David, Sharynne Hamilton, Lauren Hall, and Lorana Bartels. "Justice capital: A model for reconciling structural and agentic determinants of desistance." Probation Journal 68, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02645505211005018.
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The emerging literature on desistance (and recovery from addictions) has focused on key life-course transitions that can be characterised as the need for jobs (meaningful activities), friends (transitioning to pro-social) and houses (a home free from threat). The term ‘recovery capital’ is used to characterise personal, social and community resources an individual can draw upon to support their recovery, partly bridging agentic (personal) and structural (community) factors. The development of the concept of ‘justice capital’ furthers this reconciliation, by focusing on resources an individual can access and the resources that an institution can provide. We build on this by outlining the concept of institutional justice capital (IJC) to examine the role of criminal justice institutions in supporting or suppressing justice capital, particularly for marginalised groups. We use a case study approach, drawing on recent studies in prisons in Australia and the United Kingdom to develop a model of justice capital at an institutional level and discuss how this can shape reform of prisons and can be matched to the needs of offenders. The paper concludes with a discussion of future directions in implementing an IJC model, to deliver a strengths-based approach to promoting desistance and creating a metric for assessing the rehabilitative activities of institutions.
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Noonan, Kara, Thomas Fair, Kristiaan Matthee, Kelsey Sox, Kylie Smith, and Michael Childress. "Reef Fish Associations with Natural and Artificial Structures in the Florida Keys." Oceans 2, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 634–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030036.
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Throughout the Caribbean, coral reefs are transitioning from rugose, coral-dominated communities to flat, soft coral-dominated habitats, triggering declines in biodiversity. To help mitigate these losses, artificial structures have been used to re-create substrate complexity and support reef inhabitants. This study used natural and artificial structures to investigate the factors influencing the use of habitat by reef fish. During 2018 and 2019, divers added artificial structures and monitored the fish assemblages associating with both the artificial structures and naturally occurring corals. Overall, there were more fish on natural structures than on artificial structures. While structure shape did not influence fish use, there was a non-significant trend for increased use of larger structures. Fish observations did not differ across a gradient of shallow, complex reefs to deeper, flatter reefs; however, analyses of feeding guilds revealed clearer patterns: herbivores and omnivores were positively associated with low rugosity reefs where macroalgal abundance was higher, whereas invertivores preferred more rugose reefs. These results suggest that as reefs lose structural complexity, fish communities may become dominated by herbivores and omnivores. It also appears that the addition of artificial structures of the type used here may not mitigate the effects of structure loss on reef fish assemblages.
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Louder, Elena, and Carina Wyborn. "Biodiversity narratives: stories of the evolving conservation landscape." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000387.
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SummaryNarratives shape human understanding and underscore policy, practice and action. From individuals to multilateral institutions, humans act based on collective stories. As such, narratives have important implications for revisiting biodiversity. There have been growing calls for a ‘new narrative’ to underpin efforts to address biodiversity decline that, for example, foreground optimism, a more people-centred narrative or technological advances. This review presents some of the main contemporary narratives from within the biodiversity space to reflect on their underpinning categories, myths and causal assumptions. It begins by reviewing various interpretations of narrative, which range from critical views where narrative is a heuristic for understanding structures of domination, to advocacy approaches where it is a tool for reimagining ontologies and transitioning to sustainable futures. The work reveals how the conservation space is flush with narratives. As such, efforts to search for a ‘new narrative’ for conservation can be usefully informed by social science scholarship on narratives and related constructs and should reflect critically on the power of narrative to entrench old ways of thought and practice and, alternatively, make space for new ones. Importantly, the transformative potential of narrative may not lie in superficial changes in messaging, but in using narrative to bring multiple ways of knowing into productive dialogue to revisit biodiversity and foster critical reflection.
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Adkins, Elisabeth N., Shaina Anderson, Trevor McKoy, Nakachi Maduka, and Tarun Goswami. "Etiology of breast development and asymmetry." Advances in General Practice of Medicine 4, no. 1 (2022): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/agpm.2022.01.004.
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Etiology of breast development and asymmetry is a fascinating research topic physiologically as well as pathophysiology from a certain condition. The shape, contour, and size of the breast are unique to each female. These factors are influenced by genetics, weight, exercise, menstruation cycles, pregnancy, menopause status, and age. An attempt was made to research the breast development at fetal development and transitioning into adulthood and menopause. Additionally, we compare breast development in males to the developments in females. Something that almost everyone experiences is breast asymmetry. Although breast asymmetry is experienced by all women, it ranges from grossly undetectable to the need for surgical intervention. It is thought that breast asymmetry has intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine the type and the extent of asymmetry observed. Hormones at play and their effect on breast asymmetry throughout breast development has been charted. Breast asymmetry is most often secondary to benign breast disorders and unassociated with a risk for malignancy. As the perception of one’s body image is an integral part of self-confidence, breast asymmetry has the potential to affect every woman’s quality of life, regardless of the degree of asymmetry. Throughout this effort, our aim was to analyze and understand breast development in males and females, breast changes from the prepubertal to post-menopausal period, benign pathological changes, summarizing the etiologies of breast asymmetry, and their effects on quality of life.
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Helles, Rasmus, and Mikkel Flyverbom. "Meshes of Surveillance, Prediction, and Infrastructure: On the Cultural and Commercial Consequences of Digital Platforms." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.13120.
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Digital platforms like Spotify, Netflix, and YouTube rely on mass data collection, algorithmic forms of prediction, and the development of closed digital systems. Seemingly technical and trivial, such operational and infrastructural features have both commercial and cultural consequences in need of attention. As with any other kinds of infrastructure, the surveillance practices and digital ecosystems that are now installed and solidified will have long-term effects and will be difficult to challenge. We suggest that the cultural and commercial ramifications of such datafied infrastructural developments can be unpacked by analyzing digital platforms—in this case Netflix—as surveillance-based, predictive infrastructures. Digital platforms fortify their market positions by transitioning surveillance-based assets of audience metrics into infrastructural and informational assets that set conditions for other actors and approaches at work in the domain of cultural production. We identify the central forces at play in these developments: digital platforms critically depend on proprietary surveillance data from large user bases and engage in data-structuring practices (Flyverbom and Murray 2018) that allow for predictive analytics to be a core component of their operations. Also, digital platforms engage in infrastructural development, such as Netflix’s decentralized system of video storage and content delivery, Open Connect. These meshes of user surveillance, predictive analytics, and infrastructural developments have ramifications beyond individual platforms and shape cultural production in extensive and increasingly problematic ways.
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Luo, Yuanze, Kate Rowlands, Katherine Alatalo, Elizaveta Sazonova, Abdurro’uf, Timothy Heckman, Anne M. Medling, et al. "A Multiwavelength View of IC 860: What Is in Action inside Quenching Galaxies *." Astrophysical Journal 938, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b7d.
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Abstract We present a multiwavelength study of IC 860, a nearby post-starburst galaxy at the early stage of transitioning from blue and star forming to red and quiescent. Optical images reveal a galaxy-wide, dusty outflow originating from a compact core. We find evidence for a multiphase outflow in the molecular and neutral gas phase from the CO position–velocity diagram and NaD absorption features. We constrain the neutral mass outflow rate to be ∼0.5 M ⊙ yr−1, and the total hydrogen mass outflow rate to be ∼12 M ⊙ yr−1. Neither outflow component seems able to escape the galaxy. We also find evidence for a recent merger in the optical images, CO spatial distribution, and kinematics, and evidence for a buried active galactic nucleus in the optical emission line ratios, mid-IR properties, and radio spectral shape. The depletion time of the molecular gas reservoir under the current star formation rate is ∼7 Gyr, indicating that the galaxy could stay at the intermediate stage between the blue and red sequence for a long time. Thus the timescales for a significant decline in star formation rate (quenching) and gas depletion are not necessarily the same. Our analysis supports the quenching picture where outflows help suppress star formation by disturbing rather than expelling the gas and shed light on possible ongoing activities in similar quenching galaxies.
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Kuan, Wee-Ling. "An Error Analysis of Orthographic Representation in Written Chinese Characters." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 7, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.3322.2021.
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This paper reports an error analysis of orthographic representation in written Chinese characters among Mandarin as foreign language (MFL) learners studying at an elementary level at a Malaysian public university in their dictation assessment. A total of 262 stroke error types of their orthographic representation in written Chinese characters were collected and analysed. The errors were consequently classified into four main categories among 165 MFL learners who took part in the study. The study found that participants made most mistakes in the stroke numbers and shape of orthographic representation in written Chinese characters. It was also found that there were detectable mistakes in stroke relation and stroke direction of orthographic representation in written Chinese characters. The cognitive factors contributing to the orthographic representation error types in written Chinese characters are discussed. It is concluded that beginner MFL learners would have a greater tendency to commit several character errors in writing Mandarin because of their low level of orthographic awareness and presumably a high cognitive load given to them as they transit from writing alphabets scripts to writing Chinese characters. Future research could examine how MFL learners cognitively adapt when transitioning from alphabet scripts to Chinese characters. Findings would guide instructors in the teaching Chinese characters more efficient and subsequently, it would allow them to interpret orthographic representations and write Chinese characters more accurately.
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Budelmann, Felix, and Timothy Power. "The Inbetweenness of Sympotic Elegy." Journal of Hellenic Studies 133 (2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426913000013.
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AbstractThis article revisits the question of how elegy was performed at the symposion, and argues that, rather than being either musical or non-musical, elegy situates itself between speech and song. None of the passages in which elegy mentions song are clearly self-referential: they tend to be generic, set in the future, concerned with other performers and other compositions or altogether too slippery in their language to pin them down. Moreover, there are a number of elegiac pieces that appear designed to allow symposiasts to shift from song to speech or speech to song, thereby introducing a new mode of performance, and so are themselves transitional. These observations about the way elegiac texts position their own performance are complemented by considerations about their actual performance. Evidence both from ancient musicologists and from other tonal languages suggests that inbetween modes of delivery were common in Greek poetry and the metrical shape makes elegy a prime candidate. The final section of the article turns to the difficult term elegos in fifth-century drama. It argues that several of these passages draw on inbetweenness as one association of elegos and thus decreases the gap between elegos and surviving elegy. A coda points out that the elegiacs in Euripides' Andromache are a further example of elegy transitioning between two modes of performance.
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Linsenmeyer, Whitney, Katie Heiden-Rootes, Theresa Drallmeier, Emerson “Kai” Armstrong, and Michael Thomure. "The Evolving Role of Nutrition and Exercise in the Lives of Transgender Men: A Narrative Inquiry." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_039.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of transgender men related to nutrition, exercise, and body image throughout their transition. Our objectives were to 1) describe changes in attitudes and awareness related to nutrition, exercise, and body image throughout the process of transitioning, 2) explore the persistence of feminine or masculine schemas related to these variables, and 3) capture the role of nutrition and exercise as physical embodiments of gender expression. Methods We utilized narrative inquiry and a hybrid biographical, psychological and linguistic approach. The primary investigator conducted semi-structured interviews with ten adult transgender men. Each interview was crafted into a brief narrative and major themes were constructed across the narratives. Strategies of trustworthiness included member checking of the narratives and preliminary results, triangulation of multiple theories, reliance on four research team members in data analysis, and use of verbatim quotes. Results Five themes were constructed: Coming to life as a man; caring for a new body; expected and actual changes with hormone therapy; health information seeking; balancing the demands of daily life. Each theme was supported by three to five subthemes. A sample of the ten narratives reads: “CM is a 33 year-old transgender male and has been on hormone therapy for over five years. He gained about 60 pounds after starting hormone therapy due to an increase in appetite and a genuine desire to have a larger body size. He describes, “I'm not going to blow over and am just more rugged, solid, stocky” and going from “invisible to visible.” CM is now motivated to care for his health and longevity. He explains, “I really like my life now. It feels great! I get to be a husband. I get to do these things. I get to live my life as I am.” Conclusions Transgender men's relationship with nutrition and exercise generally improved throughout their transition second to improved body congruence and increased motivated to care for a new body. Healthcare providers can work with their transgender patients to better understand their goals for transitioning related to body size and shape, and can communicate how nutrition and exercise may play a role. Funding Sources This project was funded through an intramural grant at Saint Louis University.
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Chad, Hoggan. "Defining and Analyzing Transformative Learning." Labor et Educatio 8 (2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25439561le.20.007.12998.
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There is an important difference between the phenomena we study and the names we call them or theories we use to explain them. Transformative learning theory is a human construction designed to describe a phenomenon, but it is imperfect at best. The author advocates a delineation of the terms. Namely, the term perspective transformation should be used to refer to Mezirow’s theory because it has only ever been used for his specific theory. The term transformative learning should be used to refer to the broad range of theories (including Mezirow’s) that attempt to describe and explain dramatic changes in how people experience, conceptualize, and interact with the world. The author uses transformative learning in adult education investigations to understand the experiences of military veterans transitioning from combat to civilian life, of breast cancer survivors navigating the psycho-social transition of their disease, of students from backgrounds of poverty attending community college, and even the negative transformation of people becoming radicalized into violent terrorism. There are many more situations that cause people to change, and those specific situations shape the processes that lead to change and therefore shape the eventual outcomes of that change. All of the theories and constructs in the transformative learning literature are nothing more than human creations designed to explain the phenomena associatedwith dramatic learning and change in adulthood. The value of transformative learning as a metatheory is to provide constructs in the form of analytic tools that scholars from disparate disciplines can use in working together to create better, more useful constructs for understanding that phenomena. There are identified and presented the analytic tools (definition, criteria, typology) to provide a framework for scholars to think carefully and with clarity about what they mean when using the word “transformation”. The need in more holistic, interdisciplinary understandings of transformative learning is substantiated, thus promoting the use of transformative learning as a metatheory.
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Ross, Jason W., Morgan D. Ashworth, Daniel R. Stein, Oliver P. Couture, Christopher K. Tuggle, and Rodney D. Geisert. "Identification of differential gene expression during porcine conceptus rapid trophoblastic elongation and attachment to uterine luminal epithelium." Physiological Genomics 36, no. 3 (February 2009): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00022.2008.
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Early embryonic development in the pig is characterized by a rapid elongation of the conceptus trophectoderm on days 11–12 of gestation. Initially, the conceptus trophoblast is morphologically rearranged from a 10-mm sphere into a tubular shape, transitioning into a thin filamentous form >150 mm in length in 2–3 h, followed by continued expansion within the uterine lumen for several days. Conceptus elongation is critical for establishing adequate placental surface area needed for embryo and fetal survival throughout gestation. The objective of this study was to characterize conceptus gene expression during trophoblastic elongation and the early attachment to the uterine endometrium on days 11–14 of gestation with the GeneChip Porcine Genome Array. In all, 3,759 different probe sets were statistically different in at least one comparison [spherical vs. tubular, spherical vs. day 12 filamentous (D12F), spherical vs. day 14 filamentous (D14F), tubular vs. D12F, tubular vs. D14F, and D12F vs. D14F]. When restricted to the spherical vs. D12F and D12F vs. D14F comparisons, 482 and 232 genes, respectively, were statistically different with greater than twofold change in expression. Utilization of k-means clustering, in addition to the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), identified genes of interest. Quantitative RT-PCR expression profiles for interferon-γ (IFNG), heat shock protein 27 kDa (HSPB1), angiomotin, B-cell linker (BLNK), chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH), and maspin were supportive of the GeneChip Porcine Genome Array data.
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Vendrami, David L. J., Luca Telesca, Hannah Weigand, Martina Weiss, Katie Fawcett, Katrin Lehman, M. S. Clark, et al. "RAD sequencing resolves fine-scale population structure in a benthic invertebrate: implications for understanding phenotypic plasticity." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 2 (February 2017): 160548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160548.
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The field of molecular ecology is transitioning from the use of small panels of classical genetic markers such as microsatellites to much larger panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by approaches like RAD sequencing. However, few empirical studies have directly compared the ability of these methods to resolve population structure. This could have implications for understanding phenotypic plasticity, as many previous studies of natural populations may have lacked the power to detect genetic differences, especially over micro-geographic scales. We therefore compared the ability of microsatellites and RAD sequencing to resolve fine-scale population structure in a commercially important benthic invertebrate by genotyping great scallops ( Pecten maximus ) from nine populations around Northern Ireland at 13 microsatellites and 10 539 SNPs. The shells were then subjected to morphometric and colour analysis in order to compare patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation. We found that RAD sequencing was superior at resolving population structure, yielding higher F st values and support for two distinct genetic clusters, whereas only one cluster could be detected in a Bayesian analysis of the microsatellite dataset. Furthermore, appreciable phenotypic variation was observed in size-independent shell shape and coloration, including among localities that could not be distinguished from one another genetically, providing support for the notion that these traits are phenotypically plastic. Taken together, our results suggest that RAD sequencing is a powerful approach for studying population structure and phenotypic plasticity in natural populations.