Journal articles: 'Shape pad thrust bearings'

1

Jeng, M. C., G. R. Zhou, and A. Z. Szeri. "A Thermohydrodynamic Solution of Pivoted Thrust Pads: Part I—Theory." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261160.

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The object is construction of a thermohydrodynamic theory of thrust bearings. The bearing pad has the geometry of an annular sector and is supported in one point; about this point it is free to pivot. The film shape is arbitrary, thus permitting specification of thermal-elastic deformation and/or crowning of the pad. The lubricant which is interposed between bearing pad and runner has temperature dependent viscosity. The lubricant flow may be laminar or turbulent. The numerical method employed in this work is the method of Finite Differences for the pressure equation and Galerkin’s method with B-spline test functions for the energy equation.

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Aggarwal, Shipra, and R. K. Pandey. "Performance investigation of micro-pocketed textured pad thrust bearing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 8 (November 12, 2018): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2017-0302.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceive a new surface texture incorporating a tiny shape among the micro-pockets (with circular, rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular cross-sections) and dimples (cylindrical, hemispherical and ellipsoidal) for exploring to enhance the maximum possible performance behaviors of sector shape pad thrust bearing. Design/methodology/approach Numerical simulation of hydrodynamically lubricated sector shape textured pad thrust bearing has been presented incorporating thermal and cavitation effects. The coupled solution of governing equations (Reynolds equation, film thickness expression, viscosity–temperature relation, energy equation and Laplace equation) has been achieved using finite difference method and Gauss–Seidel iterative scheme. Findings With new textured pads, higher load-carrying capacity and lower coefficient of friction are obtained in comparison to plain sector shape pad. Texture pattern comprising square cross-sectional pockets yields higher load-carrying capacity and lower coefficient of friction in comparison to other cross-sectional shapes (circular, trapezoidal and triangular) of pockets considered herein. Originality/value This study reports a new texture, which involves micro-pockets of square cross-sectional shapes to improve the performance behavior of sector shape pad thrust bearing. About 75 per cent increase in load carrying capacity and 42 per cent reduction in coefficient of friction have been achieved with pad having new texture in comparison to conventional pad.

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Fesanghary, M., and MM Khonsari. "On the modeling and shape optimization of hydrodynamic flexible-pad thrust bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 227, no. 6 (December 6, 2012): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650112464323.

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J.C. Blanco, Claudio, Alvaro T. Prata, and Francisco C.L. Pessoa. "Simulation and optimization of thrust circular bearings with planes sector-shaped." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2011-0052.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze journal thrust bearings geometries, used in household refrigerators, using a modified version of the Reynolds equation which includes the inertial terms. Design/methodology/approach – The Reynolds equation was solved through the finite volume method, thus providing the pressure field in the lubricant film and, consequently, the load and the power used by the bearing. Such parameters depend on bearing geometry, which was optimized through the method of Lagrange multipliers, to support a given load and use the lowest power possible. The optimized geometries included the Rayleigh pad with 4, 8 and 16 steps, and a milled geometry with 4 steps. Findings – For the Rayleigh pad, the number of steps was varied and a decrease in the power consumed with the increase in the number of steps was observed. The milled pad performance was better than that Rayleigh pad with 4 steps and comparable to the pad with 8 steps. Originality/value – The manufacture of pads, with a high number of steps, is complicated and, then, a milled pad with 4 steps was proposed in this paper. The use of milled pads is a technological innovation worthy of a more thorough investigation, considering its facility of manufacture when compared to the Rayleigh pad.

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Yadav, Saurabh K., and Satish C. Sharma. "Finite element analysis of tilted thrust pad bearings of various recesses shapes considering thrust pad flexibility." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 230, no. 7 (December 3, 2015): 872–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650115619610.

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6

Hashimoto, H., and S. Wada. "Turbulent Lubrication of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings With Thermal and Elastic Deformations." Journal of Tribology 107, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261006.

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Pad deformations of sector-shaped, tilting-pad thrust bearings affecting turbulent lubrication are discussed theoretically. Solving the lubrication and energy equations with turbulence and centrifugal forces and the elastic and moment balance equations of a pad simultaneously, film pressure and temperature distributions, thermal and elastic deformations and inclinations of a pad are obtained. Film thicknesses at a pivot under a constant shaft speed become larger due to pad deformations, whereby pad inclinations increase and friction torque coefficients decrease outstandingly. It is important to introduce the effects of pad deformations when analysing performances of such bearings running in the turbulent conditions.

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Yu, Xiao Dong, Zhen Guo Li, De Fan Zhou, Heng Wei Li, Chun Li Gao, Zhi Xin Qiu, Bo Wu, Yan Qin Zhang, Bai Qin, and Xue Zhe Dong. "Influence Research of Recess Shape on Dynamic Effect of Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.57.

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This work describes a simulation research concerning dynamic effect of multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing having rectangular recess, sector recess, ellipse recess and I-shaped recess in order to solve the loading capacity of the hydrostatic thrust bearing. Three-dimensional pressure field of gap fluid between the rotation worktable and the base has been computed by using the Finite Volume Method. This study theoretically analyzes the influence of recess shape on dynamic effect of the bearing according to computational fluid dynamics and lubricating theory, and the simulation results indicate that an improved characteristic will be affected by recess shape easily. Through this method, the safety of a multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing having different cavities can be forecasted, and the optimal loading capacity of such products can be achieved, so it can provide reasonable data for design, lubrication, experience and thermal deformation computation for hydrostatic thrust bearing.

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8

Medeiros, Nielson Veloso, Emanuel Negrão Macêdo, Rui Nelson Otoni Magno, Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco, and João Nazareno Nonato Quaresma. "Integral transform solution for the analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication of thrust bearings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-08-2016-0187.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is related to an analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication of circular thrust bearings. Design/methodology/approach The modified Reynolds equation was treated to obtain a hybrid numerical-analytical solution through the generalized integral transform technique (GITT) for the problem. Findings Numerical results for the engineering parameters such as pressure field, load capacity and power consumption were thus produced as functions of the radial and circumferential directions. These parameters depend on the geometry of sector-shaped used: Rayleigh pad with 4, 8 and 16 steps. Comparing among them, on the numerical point of view, the Rayleigh pad geometry with N = 16 steps has a better satisfactory performance because it has a lower power consumption. Originality/value The present GITT results and those obtained by the finite volume method (FVM) from previous works in the literature were confronted to verify whether the results are consistent and to demonstrate the capacity of the GITT approach in handling thrust bearing problems.

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9

Bassani, R., E. Ciulli, and P. Forte. "An investigation on thrust bearing tilting pads." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 212, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650981542083.

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The present work regards the first stage of a research activity aimed at the understanding of the phenomena involved in the working of thrust bearing tilting pads. Three pads of the same shape and dimensions with different pivot positions have been studied. An experimental investigation is carried out on the pads using a particularly versatile test rig. Simultaneous measurements of film thickness, pad tilt and frictional force are made; in particular the tilt angle is measured by optical interferometry with monochromatic light. Experimental results are compared with numerical data. A finite element method code is used to calculate the pressure field of the finite thrust pad. For a given pivot film thickness an iterative procedure yields the tilt angle using the condition of zero moment about the pivot. First results indicate the way to future investigations.

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10

Shao, Jun-peng, Guang-dong Liu, and Xiaodong Yu. "Simulation and experiment on pressure field characteristics of hydrostatic hydrodynamic hybrid thrust bearings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2018-0063.

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PurposeThis paper aims to improve the bearing capacity of hydrostatic thrust bearing under working conditions of high speed and heavy load; a new wedge-shaped structure opened on an edge of oil seal is put forward, the loss and insufficiency for hydrostatic bearing capacity are made up by using dynamic pressure, and then, hydrostatic hydrodynamic lubrication is realized.Design/methodology/approachOil film three-dimensional models of unidirectional and bi-directional hydrostatic hydrodynamic oil pad are established by using UG. The oil film pressure fields of two kinds of oil pad are simulated by using ANSYS ICEM CFD and ANSYS CFX; the pressure fields distribution characteristics are obtained, and the effects of workbench rotary speed and bearing weight on pressure field are analyzed. Also, the experimental verification is made.FindingsThe results demonstrate that with an increase in workbench rotary speed, the oil film pressure of two kinds of hybrid oil pad increases gradually, and the maximum pressure of the bi-directional one accounts for 95 per cent of the unidirectional one when the load is constant. With an increase in load, the oil film pressure of two kinds of hybrid oil pad increases gradually, the difference between them is 9.4 per cent under the condition of load of 25twhen the rotary speed is constant.Originality/valueThe paper can provide theoretical basis for a structure design of hybrid thrust bearing under different rotary speed and load conditions, and compensate the shortage of static pressure-bearing capacity by using dynamic pressure, improve the stability of vertical CNC machining equipment.

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11

Yadav, Saurabh Kumar, Arvind Kumar Rajput, Nathi Ram, and Satish Chandra Sharma. "A novel technique to compute static and dynamic performance characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2017-0090.

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Purpose This study aims to analyze the dynamic performance of aerostatic thrust bearing for different geometries of recess. Different geometries of recess of equal recess area, i.e. circular, elliptical, rectangular and annular, have been considered in analysis. The work also analyzes the influence of tilt angle on the performance of thrust bearing. To compute the unknown pressure field, the Reynolds equation governing the flow of compressible lubricant (air) has been solved using finite element formulation. Further, separate finite element formulations have been carried out to compute fluid film stiffness and damping coefficients directly. This method provides quick computation of stiffness and damping coefficients of aerostatic thrust bearing than the usual approach. Design/methodology/approach As the Reynolds equation governing the flow of compressible lubricant is nonlinear partial differential equation, the computation of the stiffness and damping coefficient follows an iterative procedure. It requires a lot of computational energy. Therefore, in the present work, a novel technique based on finite element formulation is suggested to compute air film stiffness and damping coefficient in aerostatic thrust bearing. Findings A novel technique based on finite element formulation is illustrated to simulate the performance of tilted pad aerostatic thrust bearing. On the basis of simulated results, following key conclusions may be drawn. The static and dynamic performance of a circular aerostatic tilted thrust pad bearing is significantly affected with a change in the value of tilt parameter and the shape of the recess. Research limitations/implications Implications are as follows: direct computation of air film damping coefficient is performed without perturbation method in finite element method (FEM); influence of tilt on aerostatic thrust bearing is studied; influence of recess shape on aerostatic thrust bearing is observed; and finite element formulation of aerostatic thrust bearing is performed. Originality/value The present work will be quite useful for bearing designer and academicians.

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12

Yoshimoto, S., and K. Kohno. "Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Aerostatic Circular Porous Thrust Bearings (Effect of the Shape of the Air Supply Area)." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (June 30, 2000): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1308027.

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Recently, graphite porous material has been used successfully in an aerostatic bearing. In actual bearing design, it is often necessary to reduce the thickness of porous material to make the bearing smaller. However, a reduction in thickness results in a reduction in the strength of the porous material. In particular, when the diameter of porous material is large, it is difficult to supply the air through the full pad area of porous material because it deforms. Therefore, in this paper, two types of air supply method (the annular groove supply and the hole supply) in a circular aerostatic porous thrust bearing are proposed to avoid the deflection of the bearing surface. The static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous bearing with these air supply methods are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In addition, the effects of a surface restricted layer on the characteristics are clarified.

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13

Srikanth, Duriseti Venkata, K. K. Chaturvedi, and A. Chenna Kesava Reddy. "Evaluation of Operational Characteristics in a Large Thrust Bearing." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2014010104.

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In this paper the non dimensional load parameter, volumetric flow rate, energy flux, oil film temperature and power loss of a large thrust pad bearing are formulated. The objective of the paper is to determine the novel non dimensional thermal, volumetric and power loss parameters in addition to the known load and energy flux parameters of the bearing. The computation is done by formulating and numerically solving the oil film thickness, two dimensional Reynolds', Vogel-Cameron and energy equations at the different nodes of the pad oil film using a finite difference procedure. The lower the degree of the objective shape polynomial more is the accuracy of the slider bearing shape and pressure distribution. The developed derives the value of ‘a' for which the load is maximum. The variation of the dominant bearing centre of pressure with respect to the corresponding values of ‘a' is studied. From the equation of fluid film temperature the minimum rise in bearing temperature corresponding to the values of ‘a' are determined. The oil film temperature distribution results are found satisfactory in terms of computer time and convergence criteria. The accuracy of the results is thoroughly validated by the variation of the load and thermal contours. This data and analysis serves as an input for rotor dynamic studies and includes the scope to develop safe operation of the bearing at high speeds in vertical hydro-electric rotors.

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HASHIMOTO, Hiromu, and Sanae WADA. "Performance characteristics of sector-shaped pad thrust bearings in turbulent regime. 1st report. Static characteristics." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 53, no. 496 (1987): 2664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.53.2664.

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15

Hashimoto, H. "The Effects of Fluid Inertia Forces on the Static Characteristics of Sector-Shaped, High-Speed Thrust Bearings in Turbulent Flow Regime." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261939.

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This paper describes a study on the performance characteristics of sector-shaped, high-speed thrust bearings subjected to the effects of both turbulence and fluid inertia forces. The basic lubrication equations are derived by integrating the momentum and continuity equations in the polar coordinates including the full inertia terms throughout the film thickness; and a numerical calculation technique combining the control volume integration and the Newton-Raphson linearization method is applied to solve the equations. The static characteristics such as the load carrying capacity and the pressure center are calculated for various values of pad extent angle and inner-to-outer radius ratio of a pad. The theoretical results of the load carrying capacity are compared with the experimental results. It was found that the fluid inertia forces have significant effects on the static characteristics of the bearings. Good agreement was obtained between theoretical and experimental results.

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16

Yadav, Saurabh K., and Satish C. Sharma. "Performance of hydrostatic tilted thrust pad bearings of various recess shapes operating with non-Newtonian lubricant." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 87 (September 2014): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2014.04.009.

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17

Hashimoto, H. "Performance Characteristic Analysis of Sector-Shaped Pad Thrust Bearings in Turbulent Inertial Flow Regime Under Three Types of Lubrication Conditions." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920284.

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An influence of lubrication conditions on the performance characteristics of sector-shaped pad thrust bearings, which are subjected to the effects of both turbulence and fluid film inertia, is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The momentum equations in terms of pressure and stream function are solved by applying a numerical calculation technique combining control volume integration and the Newton-Raphson linearization method, under three kinds of inlet boundary conditions in relation to three types of lubrication conditions, namely: the flooded condition, the over flooded condition, and the starved condition. Sample numerical results pertaining to the pressure distribution, load carrying capacity and inlet flow rate are obtained for θ = 60 deg, R1 = 0.5, Re = 2000, Re* = 0 to 1.6 and A = 1.0 to 2.0, and the results of the load-carrying capacity are compared with experimental results. From the theoretical and experimental results, the relationships between the lubrication conditions and the static performance characteristics of the bearings are clarified.

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Sharma, Satish C., S. C. Jain, and D. K. Bharuka. "Influence of recess shape on the performance of a capillary compensated circular thrust pad hydrostatic bearing." Tribology International 35, no. 6 (June 2002): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(02)00013-0.

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Yang, Xiao Dong, Jun Peng Shao, Xiao Qiu Xu, Yun Fei Wang, Chao Yin, and Hui Jiang. "Research on Velocity Influence on Thermal Deformation Field of Heavy Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.968.

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According to the structure of workbench and base of heavy hydrostatic bearing which is applied in heavy equipment, thermal deformation equations of the structure are deduced and boundary conditions for numerical simulation are established based on thermal elasticity theory. Then thermal deformation of hydrostatic bearing without load is calculated at different velocity. The results indicate that: temperature and velocity impacts a significant influence on thermal deformation of hydrostatic bearing. Thermal deformation increases as the velocity increases; workbench up-warps severely, oil-pad inclines towards outside to a certain extent, which results in the lubrication clearance emerges as wedge-shape deformation. The conclusions from thermal deformation calculation could provide theoretical basis for structure design of hydrostatic bearing and ravel out the thermal deformation problem.

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20

Aggarwal, Shipra, and R. K. Pandey. "Frictional and load-carrying behaviours of micro-textured sector shape pad thrust bearing incorporating the cavitation and thermal effects." Lubrication Science 29, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.1367.

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21

HASHIMOTO, Hiromu, and Sanae WADA. "Performance characteristics of sector-shaped pad thrust bearings in turbulent regime. (2nd Report, An influence of inlet pressure boundary conditions on the static characteristics)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 55, no. 512 (1989): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.55.1075.

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22

Murdzia, Edward, and Stanisław Strzelecki. "CALCULATIONS OF TILTING-PAD THRUST BEARINGS." Tribologia 298, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8366.

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The application of thrust bearings in different engineering designs generates problems of thermal state, which generates the wear of the fixed or tilting pads of bearings. These problems can be avoided by means of proper methods and numerical algorithms of calculations of the bearing static characteristics, including the maximum oil film temperature. The knowledge of thermal state of bearings should assure safe, reliable, and durable bearing operation and is important for the designers of thrust bearings. This paper presents the results of calculations of some static characteristics of a tilting-pad thrust bearing, including its maximum oil film temperature. Numerical solution by means of finite differences was applied for the solution of geometry, Reynolds, energy, and viscosity equations. Adiabatic oil film laminar flow in the bearing gap was considered. The developed code of the computation of bearing performances creates a tool that leads to the solution of thermal problems. Different values of operating speeds were assumed.

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23

McCarthy, D. M. C., S. B. Glavatskih, and I. Sherrington. "Oil-film thickness and temperature measurements in PTFE and babbitt faced tilting-pad thrust bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 219, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x9853.

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The influence of pad facing material on hydrodynamic lubrication in tilting-pad thrust bearings is investigated in terms of pad and oil-film temperatures and thicknesses. Two tilting-pad thrust bearings are examined: one with babbitt pad facing, the other with a layer of PTFE-based composite material. Frictional torque, pad, collar, and oil-film temperatures and thicknesses are all monitored by means of a comprehensive array of sensors mounted in the bearing and shaft. A considerably smaller range of temperature is seen in the steel backing immediately below the surface material for the PTFE faced pads. Oil-film temperatures measured at the mid-point on the pad trailing edge show no significant difference between the two bearings. Oil-film thicknesses in the two bearings are seen to differ. At the leading edge, oil-film thickness is thinner for the PTFE pad than for babbitt. However, at the trailing edge the PTFE pad has the thicker film.

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24

Mittwollen, N., T. Hegel, and J. Glienicke. "Effect of Hydrodynamic Thrust Bearings on Lateral Shaft Vibrations." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920697.

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A computational method for the prediction of static and dynamic characteristic data of tilting pad and fixed pad thrust bearings for high surface velocities and high thermal loads is developed and verified. Furthermore, a convenient model is presented, which allows the determination of the dynamic coefficients for the gyrating movement of the thrust collar, where it is sufficient using the purely axial dynamic single pad coefficients only. Introducing these coefficients into an accordingly modified rotor dynamics program, the lateral vibrations of a high speed rotor with sliding bearings are calculated and a considerable effect of the thrust bearings is shown. These theoretical results are also verified experimentally through vibration measurements at a high speed rotor test rig.

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WODTKE, Michał. "HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS WITH POLYMER LINING." Tribologia 268, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6998.

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Polymeric linings of sliding surfaces of the hydrodynamic bearings have been used successfully for over 50 years. Despite of their long history of operation and research, they have not become widespread in industrial applications. This fact may be surprising, considering the conclusions that have been published concerning bearing operation and design. This paper summarizes the current state of the art of the tilting-pad thrust bearings with a polymer lining of pad sliding surfaces. Bearing design and the most commonly used polymeric materials are described. The results of the latest theoretical and experimental researches by both bearing manufacturers and at scientific centres are presented. Observed properties of the bearings with polymer lining were compared to the properties of the bearings covered with Babbitt, which is the most frequently material used as lining for hydrodynamic bearings.

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Gardner, W. W. "An Experimental Study of Thrust Pad Flutter." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834590.

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Tilting pad thrust bearings are commonly used on both the active and inactive (loaded and unloaded) sides of thrust collars of turbomachinery rotors. Fatigue failure of temperature sensor leadwires to the inactive side thrust pads and abnormal wear at contact points of these thrust pads, in several field applications, led to an investigation as to the cause. Since these problems occurred only on “unloaded” thrust bearings, flutter (vibration) of these inactive side thrust pads was suspected. Tests were run in the laboratory on a double thrust bearing under conditions simulating a turbomachine application. Pad flutter was found at two distinct conditions; low oil flows (as suspected), and also at high oil flows. The paper presents the results of these tests with data on the influence of the parameters studied, and the findings with respect to elimination of this flutter.

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Szeri, A. Z. "Discussion: “Performance Characteristic Analysis of Sector-Shaped Pad Thrust Bearings in Turbulent Inertial Flow Regime Under Three Types of Lubrication Conditions” (Hashimoto, H., 1990, ASME J. Tribol., 112, pp. 477–484)." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2924245.

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Hashimoto, H. "Closure to “Discussion of ‘Performance Characteristic Analysis of Sector-Shaped Pad Thrust Bearings in Turbulent Inertial Flow Regime Under Three Types of Lubrication Conditions’” (1990, ASME J. Tribol., 112, p. 485)." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2924246.

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29

Wang, Shun, Qingchang Tan, and Zunquan Kou. "Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of large scale composite thrust bearing with sector pad faced by PTFE." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2015-0031.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to construct lubrication model closer to the fact of thrust bearings and to calculate the bearings characteristics of lubrication for understanding how structures influence bearings performances and, importantly, what can be the most beneficial. Large-scale composite thrust bearings with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-faced sector pad backed by steel base are used increasingly in equipment. But there are plenty of puzzled problems in design and application. Design/methodology/approach – The authors established a 3D thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model. Oil film was formulated by Reynolds equation for pressure, and by energy equation for temperature varying through oil film thickness. Meanwhile, pad temperature was formulated by solid heat transfer equation. Elastic and thermal deformations of pad surface were calculated. Viscosity and density of oil were valued separately under different pressure and temperature. Load balance was considered as well as overturning moment balance. Finite difference method was applied to discrete these equations. Findings – PTFE layer and steel base have either helpful or detrimental impact on contact strength and full film lubrication of thrust bearing depending on their relationship in thickness. Temperature lag between middle layer of steel base and pad surface depends on PTFE layer, but not on the steel base. PTFE layer thickness should be considered when alarming threshold value of the bearings temperature is chosen. Originality/value – Three-dimensional TEHL model of large-scale composite thrust bearings was established, which included more factors close to the actual. Conclusions were drawn. These proposals are helpful to design the bearings.

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Zhai, Liming, Zhengwei Wang, Yongyao Luo, and Zhongjie Li. "TEHD analysis of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage unit." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2015-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage, considering the effect of the thermal elastic deformation of the pad and collar. Design/methodology/approach This study used the fluid–solid interaction (FSI) technique to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing for several typical operating conditions. The influences of the operating conditions and the thrust load on the lubrication characteristics were analyzed. Then, various pivot eccentricities were investigated to analyze the effects of the pivot position. Findings It is found that the effect of the radial tilt angle of the collar runner on the oil film is compensated for by the radial tilt of the pad. The central pivot support system is the main factor limiting the loads of bidirectional thrust bearings. Originality/value This paper has preliminarily revealed the lubrication mechanism of bidirectional tilting-pad thrust bearings. A three-dimensional FSI method is suggested to evaluate the thermal–elastic–hydrodynamic deformations of thrust bearings instead of the conventional method, which iteratively solves the Reynolds equation, the energy equation, the heat conduction equation and the elastic equilibrium equation.

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Zhai, Liming, Yongyao Luo, Xin Liu, Funan Chen, Yexiang Xiao, and Zhengwei Wang. "Numerical simulations for the fluid-thermal-structural interaction lubrication in a tilting pad thrust bearing." Engineering Computations 34, no. 4 (June 12, 2017): 1149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2015-0209.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze lubrication characteristics of a tilting pad thrust bearing considering the effect of the thermal elastic deformation of the pad and collar. Design/methodology/approach This study used the fluid–solid interaction (FSI) technique to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a tilting pad thrust bearing for several typical operating conditions. The influences of the rotational speed, the thrust load and the oil supply temperature on the lubrication characteristics were analyzed. Findings The three-dimensional (3D) film model clearly shows that there is no pressure gradient but large temperature gradients across the film thickness. The wall heat transfer coefficients on the pad surfaces distribute in a very complex way and change within a large range. The rotational speed, the thrust load and the oil supply temperature have great but different influences on the lubrication characteristics. Originality/value This paper has preliminarily revealed the lubrication mechanism of the tilting-pad thrust bearings. The 3D FSI method is suggested to evaluate the thermal-elastic-hydrodynamic deformations of thrust bearings instead of the conventional method which iteratively solves the Reynolds equation, the energy equation, the heat conduction equation and the elastic equilibrium equation. Using FSI method, the heat transfer coefficients on the pad surfaces can be evaluated better.

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WASILCZUK, Filip, Michał WASILCZUK, and Michał WODTKE. "HYDROSTATIC THRUST BEARING WITH REDUCED POWER LOSSES." Tribologia 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7664.

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In many cases in rotating machinery, axial load is carried by tilting pad thrust bearings which have been developed since the beginning of 20th century. For high reliability and simplicity, most commonly the bearings are bath lubricated. In the times of sustainable development, however, minimization of friction losses becomes an important criterion for machinery assessment, and a strategic goal of their development. Performed calculations, based on elementary rules of fluid dynamics, showed that shearing losses in specially designed hydrostatic bearings can be considerably smaller than the losses in tilting pad hydrodynamic bearings. The aim of the research described in this paper was to check if the preliminary results presented earlier and conclusions of benefits of the further increase of the size of the hydrostatic pocket can be confirmed with the use of CFD calculations.

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Glavatskih, Sergei B. "Evaluating Thermal Performance of a PTFE-Faced Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 2 (March 19, 2003): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1506329.

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This paper compares and analyses operating characteristics of equalizing tilting pad thrust bearings with babbitt and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite facings. Each bearing arrangement included six pads with an outer diameter of 228.6 mm and 60 percent offset. The babbitted bearing was typical of design in general use. A PTFE composite was applied instead of the babbitt to a similar bearing. Bearings were tested at different load-speed combinations in the fully flooded mode. Pad temperature distributions, collar temperatures and bearing friction torque were continuously measured. Test results show that the PTFE composite provides excellent thermal insulation so that pad thermal crowning is eliminated. PTFE-faced bearings operate with lower power loss and slightly higher collar temperatures compared to similar babbitted bearings.

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Szczęch, Marcin, Wojciech Horak, and Yuliia Tarasevych. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF OPERATING PARAMETERS OF HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS LUBRICATED WITH MAGNETIC FLUID." Tribologia 291, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4764.

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The paper presents the results of numerical simulations (CFD) of hydrodynamic thrust slide bearings lubricated with magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The analyses were carried out to evaluate the influence of the rheological properties of the lubricant, as well as the geometry of the bearing's thrust pad surface. Bearing load conditions were considered on the key functional features of the system, i.e. axial force and torque. The paper presents a comparative analysis of various geometries of thrust bearings and points out possible functional features of hydrodynamic thrust bearings lubricated with fluids with controlled rheological properties.

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Smith, Edward H. "Observer-Based Control of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings." Lubricants 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10010011.

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The active control of hydrodynamic bearings is beginning to receive more attention in the pursuit of lower power losses and reduced maintenance. This paper presents a method by which, from simple measurements, rich information can be deduced from a running bearing that can used to modify the operating parameters of the unit. The bearing is a line-pivot, unidirectional, steadily loaded, directly lubricated tilting pad thrust bearing. This control is achieved by designing an Observer whose inputs include the output measurement(s) from the bearing. The Observer is, in some ways, an inverse model of the bearing (or Plant) that runs in parallel to the bearing and estimates the states of the bearing, such as the applied load, pivot height, minimum film thickness, maximum temperature, effective temperature and power loss. These estimated parameters can then be used in a control algorithm to modify bearing parameters such as inlet temperature or pivot location. It is demonstrated that disturbances in the load on the bearing can be detected simply by measuring a representative temperature in the bearing or changes in pivot height. Appropriate corrective action can then be employed. Whilst only steady-state operation is considered, the method could be developed to study time-varying situations.

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Li, Xibing, Weixiang Li, Xueyong Chen, Ming Li, Huayun Chen, and Xin Yue. "Design and performance analysis on heat pipe hydrostatic thrust bearings based on rectangular oil pad." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2017-0303.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of application of a heat pipe in an aspect of hydrostatic thrust bearings on thermal balance and deformation and the role of this application in increasing the rotating speed of a workbench. Design/methodology/approach Numerical simulations of oil film temperature field, the temperature field and thermal deformation of the bearing’s workbench and base were performed by finite element analysis (FEA) software for both the traditional hydrostatic thrust bearings and the heat pipe ones. Findings Oil pad and workbench of the hydrostatic thrust bearings are fabricated with a heat pipe cooling structure, which can take away most of the heat generated by shearing of the oil film, control the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the hydrostatic thrust bearing effectively, avoid the dry friction phenomenon and finally improve the processing quality of equipment. Originality/value The heat pipe hydrostatic thrust bearings could control the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the hydrostatic thrust bearing effectively, avoid the dry friction phenomenon and improve the processing quality of equipment.

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Wasilczuk, Michal, and Grzegorz Rotta. "On the Possibilities of Decreasing Power Loss in Large Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings." ISRN Tribology 2013 (January 14, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/732790.

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Different systems of direct oil supply have been developed in order to facilitate efficient introduction of fresh lubricant to the oil gap and reduction of churning power loss in tilting pad thrust bearings. Up to now there is no documented application of the supply groove in large thrust bearings used in water power plants. The results of modeling lubricant flow in the lubricating groove of a thrust bearing pad will be presented in the paper. CFD software was used to carry out fluid film calculations. Such analysis makes it possible to modify groove geometry and other parameters and to study their influence on bearing performance. According to the results a remarkable decrease in total power loss due to avoiding churning losses can be observed in the bearing.

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Xu, Xiao Qiu, Jun Peng Shao, Xiao Dong Yang, Yan Qin Zhang, Xiao Dong Yu, and Bing Wei Gao. "Simulation on Multi-Oil-Cavity and Multi-Oil-Pad Hydrostatic Bearings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.274.

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Taking multi-oil-cavity and multi-oil-pad hydrostatic bearings as studied projects, firstly make brief instructions for structure characteristics and working principal of hydraulic system; Then, build three-dimensional models of multi-oil-cavity and multi-oil-pad hydrostatic bearings respectively. Adopting finite volume method, oil film mesh is generated by universal finite analysis software CFD; then, carry on numerical simulations for pressure distribution and temperature distribution of the two studied hydrostatic thrust bearing under various viscosity, and make comparative analysis for difference between the two studied hydrostatic thrust bearing. Based on the analysis of numerical simulation results, the conclusions whether oil-return groove is set for hydrostatic bearing could be received. Simulation results reveal truly the influence of setting oil-return groove or not on hydrostatic thrust bearing, and improve structure design for hydrostatic thrust bearing.

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Lie, Yu, and R. B. Bhat. "Coupled Dynamics of a Rotor-Journal Bearing System Equipped with Thrust Bearings." Shock and Vibration 2, no. 1 (1995): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/602701.

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The rotordynamic coefficients of fixed-pad thrust bearing are introduced and calculated by using the out-domain method, and a general analysis method is developed to investigate the coupled dynamics of a rotor equipped with journal and thrust bearings simultaneously. Considerations include the effects of static tilt parameters of the rotor on rotordynamic coefficients of thrust bearing and the action of thrust bearing on system dynamics. It is shown that thrust bearing changes the load distribution of journal bearings and the static deflection of the rotor and delays the instability of the system considerably in lateral shaft vibration.

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Qiang, He, Li Lili, Ren Fengzhang, and Volinsky Alex. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Hydrostatic Spindle with Orifice Restrictors." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01610010079.

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Based on the theory of hydrostatic bearings, this paper presents a study of replacing the rolling bearings in a cold drawing spindle with the liquid hydrostatic bearings. An unloading mechanism is designed, containing two hydrostatic radial bearings and a thrust bearing, according to the mechanical characteristics of the spindle. In this study, a mathematical model of the hydrostatic bearing oil pad is developed. The effects of the rotating speed on pressure and flow fields of the oil pad are simulated using the finite element analysis and verified experimentally. The pressure in all recesses decreases with the rotation speed. Oil velocity of the radial hydrostatic bearing recess increases with the rotation speed, while the fluid flow velocity has almost no correlation with the rotation speed of the thrust bearing. The numerical and experimental results of the pressure in the recesses are consistent, confirming the validity and feasibility of this design.

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Storteig, Eskild, and Maurice F. White. "Dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamically lubricated fixed-pad thrust bearings." Wear 232, no. 2 (October 1999): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00153-2.

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Sinhasan, R., S. C. Jain, and S. C. Sharma. "Orifice-compensated flexible thrust pad bearings of different configurations." Tribology International 19, no. 5 (October 1986): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(86)90003-4.

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Jiang, X., J. Wang, and J. Fang. "Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 225, no. 2 (February 2011): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041305x10394408.

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Horner, D., J. E. L. Simmons, and S. D. Advani. "Measurements of Maximum Temperature in Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings." Tribology Transactions 31, no. 1 (January 1988): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402008808981796.

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Wasilczuk, Michał. "Friction and Lubrication of Large Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings." Lubricants 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants3020164.

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Yang, Shifu, Wenbin Zheng, Mulong Jiang, Shiyuan Pei, and Hua Xu. "A comparative experimental study on large size center and bi-directional offset spring-bed thrust bearing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119855241.

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The central support tilting thrust bearing is widely used in the motor-generator unit, and the central support tilting thrust bearing performs poorly compared with the offset bearing. In order to improve the performance of the thrust bearing capable of the bidirectional operation, a spring-supported switching tilting thrust bearing was designed, which could run under offset condition at both clockwise and counterclockwise. In order to verify the reliability of the bearing, we designed a true size thrust bearing test bench and measured the performance parameters of the temperature, pressure, oil film thickness, and power loss of the pad. This article introduces in detail the operation mechanism of the bidirectional offset spring-bed tilting thrust bearing. The bidirectional offset spring-bed tilting thrust bearing structure and the central support bearing structure were compared and tested. The test results of the performance difference of large tilting pad bearings with different structures were obtained. According to the experiment, the spring support structure has good adaptability, and the improved bidirectional offset support bearing not only has higher bearing capacity, but also has better performance in all aspects of temperature rise and loss than the central support bearing. The actual size experiment provides the experimental data for the theoretical calculation of large tilting pad bearings, providing a more accurate basis for the bearing performance and safety assessment.

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Almqvist, T., S. B. Glavatskikh, and R. Larsson. "THD Analysis of Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings—Comparison Between Theory and Experiments." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 2 (June 22, 1999): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555377.

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The objective of the present research is to verify a THD model of hydrodynamic thrust bearings. The developed model of a pivoted pad bearing, which can tilt both radially and circumferentially, allows for three-dimensional temperature distribution in the oil film and in the pad, as well as two-dimensional temperature variation in the runner. Viscosity and density are treated as functions of both temperature and pressure. Experiments have been performed on a test rig, containing two identical equalizing pivoted pad thrust bearings. Power loss, runner temperature, and pressure profiles as a function of load and rotational speed are compared for both theoretical and experimental investigations. Fairly good agreement has been found when the oil inlet temperature and heat transfer coefficients have been estimated in order to get the same runner temperature in both theory and experiment. [S0742-4787(00)00802-X]

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Artiles, A., and H. Heshmat. "Analysis of Starved Thrust Bearings Including Temperature Effects." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261454.

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A method of analysis is described treating starvation in finite thrust bearing pads. A variable-size finite difference mesh is used to represent the two-dimensional temperature and pressure fields. A combination of Newton-Raphson iteration, direct iteration, and column matrix methods are used to solve for the start-of-film and minimum film thickness as well as the coupled two-dimensional energy and Reynolds equations. A parametric study describes the performance characteristics of the tapered land thrust bearing (flowrates, extent of fluid film, temperature rises, load capacity and torque) for different minimum film thicknesses and levels of starvation. This study considered variations in the geometrical parameters such as pad aspect ratio (L/R2=1/3, 1/2, 2/3) and extent of the pad (β=27, 42, and 57 deg) with an optimum taper ratio (β1/β=0.8). It is found that the effects of starvation are fairly small near the flooded condition but accelerate rapidly below the 50 percent starvation level. The start of the film (θ1) depends mostly on the level of starvation, and is essentially independent of the geometrical parameters, operating conditions or film thickness.

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El-Saie, Y. M. H. Ali, and R. T. Fenner. "Three-Dimensional Thermoelastohydrodynamic Analysis of Pivoted Pad Thrust Bearings Part 2: Application of Theory and Comparison with Experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 1 (January 1988): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_085_02.

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In Part 1, a computational method was described for predicting the performance of pivoted pad thrust bearings. In this second part, computed results are compared with experimental data. Three test cases are considered, which cover the range of bearing sizes normally encountered in practice, from a 150 mm diameter laboratory scale experiment through the main propulsion thrust bearings of a destroyer to a 3 m diameter bearing. Generally good agreement is obtained for both temperatures and film thicknesses.

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WASILCZUK, Filip, Michał WASILCZUK, and Michał WODTKE. "PROSPECTS OF DECREASING POWER LOSSES IN A HYDROSTATIC THRUST BEARING." Tribologia, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6033.

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In numerous machines, axial load is carried by tilting pad thrust bearings known since the beginning of 20th century. These bearings are commonly bath lubricated, which is simple, does not require any additional pumps, and, due to this, such systems are highly reliable. In a contemporary technology, however, minimization of friction losses became an important goal of machinery improvement. Calculations based on elementary rules of fluid dynamics show that shearing losses in a specially designed hydrostatic bearing can be considerably smaller than the losses in a tilting pad hydrodynamic bearing. The aim of the research described in this paper was to check if the preliminary results can also be confirmed with the use of more advanced CFD calculations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shape pad thrust bearings'

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