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Kasper, Matthias. "How do Institutional, Social, and Individual Factors Shape Tax Compliance Behavior? Evidence from 14 Eastern European Countries." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5153/1/SSRN%2Did2825994.pdf.
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This paper uses micro-level data from a nationally representative survey of 22,000 individuals in 14 Eastern European countries to investigate the effects of institutional, social, and individual factors on taxpayers' perceptions of power, motivations to comply, and non-compliant behaviors. The results indicate that institutional, social, and individual aspects shape taxpayer behavior: attitudes of peers, individual compliance norms, and the tax burden impact on non-compliance. Moreover, I find several effects of the subjective appraisal of the interaction with tax administrations. Positive experiences strengthen perceptions of power and intrinsic motivations to comply. They also increase the propensity to report non-compliant behavior in the past, suggesting educational effects of taxpayer services and tax audits. (author's abstract)Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Mannerhill, Lizette, and Jenny Dahlstrand. ""We believe in healthy, no matter what body shape you have" : En kvalitativ textanalys av kvinnoframställningen på bikiniföretagets Elsa and Rose Swimwears Instagram." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43012.
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Syftet med studien är att genom en semiotiskt bildanalys och genusvetenskaplig ansats undersöka hur det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwear framställer kvinnan i sin marknadsföring på Instagram. Då tidigare forskning kring kvinnlig framställning i reklam till stor del fokuserat på endast kroppsstorlek och attraktivitet har vi valt att inkludera analysverktyg som pose, gaze, samt etnicitet och hud. Detta för att bidra med ny kunskap om kvinnlig framställning inom reklam och sociala medier. Genom att studera sju bilder, som alla publicerades under 2018, på Elsa and Rose Swimwears Instagram-konto har vi undersökt hur kvinnan framställs, samt om och hur denna framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media. Studiens resultat visar att ingen av de sju bilder som ingick i analysen demonstrerar “den perfekta kvinnan”, som vanligtvis syns i medier och reklamsammanhang. Ingen av kvinnorna i bilderna innehar alltså alla normativa attribut, som till exempel både en extremt smal kropp och perfekt hud. Bildernas huvudsakliga syfte är således inte att marknadsföra sina produkter med hjälp av normativa kvinnokroppar, utan att genom sin marknadsföring även sprida budskap om att alla kroppar är värda att synas i media, oavsett storlek, hudton och utseendemässiga attribut. Slutligen sänder kvinnorna huvudsakligen signaler av självsäkerhet och kontroll genom sina blickar och poseringar, vilket demonstrerar deras medvetenhet om åskådaren. Resultatet i den här studien visar således att det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwears huvudsakliga framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den traditionella och normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media.The purpose of the study is to, through semiotic analysis and gender theory, investigate in which way the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear is representing women in their Instagram marketing. Since earlier research on female representation in advertising is largely focused on body size and attractiveness, we have in this study chosen to include analysis tools such as pose, gaze, as well as ethnicity and skin. This will contribute to new knowledge on female representation in commercials and on social media. By studying seven images, all posted in 2018, on Elsa and Rose Swimwear's Instagram account, we have investigated how women are represented as well as whether and how this representation differs from the normative female image usually seen in media. The result of the study shows that none of the seven images included in the analysis display "the perfect woman" that is usually seen in media and advertising. None of the women in the pictures possess all the normative attributes, such as both an extremely thin body and perfect skin. We find that the main purpose of the images is not to for the company to market their products with normative women's bodies, but rather market their products while spreading a message saying that all bodies are worth being seen in media, regardless of size, skin tone and appearance. Finally, the women in the pictures communicate self-confidence and control through their gazes and poses, and therefore demonstrating their consciousness of the observer. The result of the study shows that the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear's main representation of women differs from the traditional and normative female image.
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Brocker, Ann. "Kvinnors förhållningssätt till kropp och ätande : om ätbeteende, kroppsmissnöje och ålders samband med den självmedvetna emotionen skam." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15573.
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Undersökningen som är en korrelationsstudie från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv vände sig till kvinnor i en normalpopulation. Deltagarna var mellan 19 och 59 år. Ett syfte var att undersöka samband mellan kroppsmissnöje, skam och känslor, attityder och beteenden kopplade till ätande. Kroppsmissnöje konceptualiserades och mättes som missnöje med kroppsform. Skam konceptualiserades och mättes som body shame (skam över den egna kroppen). Enligt feministiska objektifieringsteorier lärs flickor tidigt att se sin egen kropp från en utomstående observatörs perspektiv. En del av de flickor och unga kvinnor som i kulturen erfar sexuell objektifiering internaliserar normer som objektifierar deras kroppar. Detta förutsätts kunna leda till skamkänslor och ätproblem. Eftersom kroppsnormerna är orealistiska är de omöjliga att mot-svara och misslyckandet med detta genererar ytterligare skamkänslor. Menopausen kan för många individer innebära mindre exponering för sexuell objektifiering varför skamkänslor kan antas minska. Ett ytterligare syfte var därför att undersöka ålders samband med skam. Resultatet indikerar att såväl kroppsmissnöje som skam är riskfaktorer för utvecklandet av attityder och beteenden kopplade till ätproblem. Kroppsmissnöje korrelerade starkt positivt med skam och det förelåg ett svagt negativt samband mellan ålder och skam.
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Clemente, Marco. "Social Evaluations in a Multiple-Audience Context : The Impact of a Social Misconduct on People's Complaints, Share Price and Media Evaluation." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHEC0012/document.
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Littérature sur l'évaluation sociale a principalement analysé la dyade “audience-candidat”,laissant La recherche sur les évaluations sociales s’est principalement focalisé sur la dyade “audiencecandidat”,sans s’intéresser à la façon dont l’audience principale (par exemple un agent exerçant uncontrôle social) influence l’évaluation d’une autre audience. Cette thèse explore la question desévaluations sociales dans un contexte d’audiences multiples. Elle se focalise sur les comportementsorganisationnels condamnables – une important forme d’évaluation sociale, pourtant en partieignorée par la recherche – et pose la question suivante : “Pourquoi une audience change-t-elle sonévaluation après un comportement organisationnel condamnable?”. Les trois essais s’intéressent àune différente forme d’audience (ou d’évaluation) : les individus (plaintes), les investisseurs (prix del’action) et les médias (évaluation de la presse écrite). Deux contextes novateurs et données uniquesont été utilisés : l’auto régulation du secteur de la publicité en Grande-Bretagne, et Calciopoli, lescandale qui a affecté la Série A en Italie en 2006. Les résultats montrent qu’en cas de comportementorganisationnel condamnable, l’évaluation des agents de contrôle social influence l’évaluation d’autreaudience, mais cet effet n’est pas mécanique. Trois modérateurs sont identifiés : l’ambiguïté de lanorme, la proéminence de l’évènement, et à quel point les transgresseurs sont des acteurs locaux. Enrésumé, cette thèse montre que les normes sociales sont mieux comprises dans un cadre triadique :“candidat – agent de contrôle social – autre audience”. Les normes sociales ne sont pas exogènes,mais sont crées de manière endogène par les actions des candidats et les évaluations de deuxaudiences au moinsLiterature on social evaluations has mainly analyzed the “audience-candidate” dyad,leaving underexplored the way the evaluation of a main audience (e.g. a social-control agent)influences the evaluation of another audience. This dissertation looks at social evaluations in amultiple-audience context. It focuses on organizational social misconduct - an important, yetunderstudied social evaluation - and it investigates “Why does an audience change its evaluationfollowing organizational social misconduct?”. Each of the three essays focuses on a differentaudience (evaluation): people (people’s complaints), investors (share price) and the media(newspapers’ evaluation). Two novel settings and unique databases were used: advertising selfregulationin the UK and Calciopoli, the scandal that affected the Italian Serie A in 2006. Resultsshow that in case of organizational social misconduct, the evaluation of a social control agent doesinfluence the evaluation of another audience, however this effect is not mechanical. Three primarymoderators emerge from the three essays: the ambiguity of the norm, the saliency of the event, andlocalness of the transgressors. In summary, this dissertation shows that social norms are betterunderstood in a triadic framework: “candidate – social-control agent – another audience”. Socialnorms are not set exogenously, but are endogenously created by the actions of the candidates andthe evaluations of (at least) two audiences
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Balog, Greta. "Why do I shave?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104100.
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Visual aesthetics play a vital role in today’s Western society. We built up a society where physical appearance represents high values in our everyday life. Not only the way we consume things and engage with the internet have a connection to how we see and place ourselves in society but the way the system works and treats us. Under the word “system” I refer to the intertwined connection of patriarchy and capitalism. With this project, I explore this connection as well as how the system influences social norms, body aesthetics and acceptance. More specifically, I take shaving and myself as an example and examine the question of “Why do women shave?”. The representation of women in our current society shapes our idea and opinion on shaving therefore I work with questions such as: How are social norms created and how do they influence us? What are the ways to challenge and break these norms, if it is possible at all? How can our capacity for developing autonomy remain while being influenced by the system? My practice investigates these questions comprehensively and addresses the importance of discussions and the understanding of the roots of our behavior as well as how we as individuals contribute to the influence of society and the system.
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Carrera, Marianna. "Shape the wireless traffic in the home network." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066248.
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Eriksson, Angelica. "Shame to cool? : An empirical study on how Flygskam has affected demand for domestic flights in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446351.
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Throughout the last few years, Flygskam, a norm against air travel, has grown steadily in Sweden due to its emissions. Flygskam is a Swedish word referring to the shame that follows air travel since it runs counter to the norm behavior. This thesis investigates the effect of Flygskam on demand for domestic flights in Sweden using synthetic control and panel data for 2003-2019. The results indicate that Flygskam seems to affect the domestic passengers in Sweden, estimated to be approximately 22% lower in 2019 than the counterfactual, significant on a 1% level.
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Huffman, Kerri Mills. "Investigation into the potential invasiveness of the exotic Narrow-leaved Bittercress, (Cardamine impatiens L.), Brassicaceae." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31375.
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Exotic species often invade new areas and displace native species. The problems associated with such invasions are well known, but for many exotic species, experimental work has not yet been done to predict which, and under what conditions they may become a problem. Two greenhouse experiments were devised to investigate the plasticity, shade tolerance, and phenotypic differences of full-siblings from 3 populations of Cardamine impatiens, a Eurasian species potentially invasive in North America. Potted plants were subjected to 0, 54, 76, or 91% shade created by neutral density shade cloth application. In addition, the impact of a cold pre-treatment of seedlings on the growth and reproductive output of C. impatiens plants was examined.
In our first experiment, we subjected Cardamine impatiens to non-shaded cages, 54%, or 76% shade intensity. Plants died very quickly, so LD50 data were used as a relative measure of fitness, and relative growth indices were calculated over time. Other relative measures of fitness included canopy area, leaf area, number of leaves, number of leaves per canopy area, and final plant weight. Plants in cages with no shade treatment grew faster than those in cages with shade cloth and final plant weight decreased as shade treatment percentage increased. In each population, the number of leaves increased over time and the number of leaves per canopy area decreased over time under shade treatments.
Our second experiment involved the application of 54%, 76%, and 91% shade intensity. The additional shade treatment of 91% was applied to determine the extent of plant tolerance and plasticity in response to light reduction. Due to high plant mortality in our first experiment, we treated Cardamine impatiens with a 4 week cold period prior to treatment, which simulates its biennial growth form in its natural western Virginia region habitat. Since this second experiment took place later in the year, day length was extended to more accurately duplicate the conditions during the first experiment. LD50 calculations were not necessary, and 7 of the 135 plants produced seed. Relative measures of fitness included canopy area, leaf area, number of leaves, number of leaves per canopy area, and final plant weights. As in experiment one, the number of leaves per plant increased over time, final plant weight decreased as shade treatment increased, and the number of leaves per canopy area decreased as shade treatment increased.
From these two experiments, we determined that Cardamine impatiens is a species that exhibits phenotypic plasticity and therefore may pose a threat as an invasive species. C. impatiens is able to grow and exhibit plasticity of plant architecture under the conditions of very low light. The number of leaves per canopy area decreased as shade increased, suggesting that C. impatiens is highly adaptable to low light conditions, and therefore may be exhibiting phenotypic plasticity by reallocating its resources by producing fewer leaves while maintaining canopy area. This data along with other C. impatiens traits such as high levels needed for seed production, its persistence in seed banks, along with a lack of known major enemies, indicates that they have a great capacity to invade a wide variety of habitats. We also determined that a cold treatment is necessary in order for C. impatiens to obtain optimal growth and reproduction.
Master of Science
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Assaf, Elias. "From Social Networks to International Relations: How Social Influence Shapes International Norm Adoption and The Global Order." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574591937096021.
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Woronzoff-Dashkoff, Elisabeth. "Playing for Their Share: A History of Creative Tradeswomen in Eighteenth Century Virginia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403460106.
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Gajny, Laurent. "Approximation de fonctions et de données discrètes au sens de la norme L1 par splines polynomiales." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0006/document.
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L'approximation de fonctions et de données discrètes est fondamentale dans des domaines tels que la planification de trajectoire ou le traitement du signal (données issues de capteurs). Dans ces domaines, il est important d'obtenir des courbes conservant la forme initiale des données. L'utilisation des splines L1 semble être une bonne solution au regard des résultats obtenus pour le problème d'interpolation de données discrètes par de telles splines. Ces splines permettent notamment de conserver les alignements dans les données et de ne pas introduire d'oscillations résiduelles comme c'est le cas pour les splines d'interpolation L2. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une étude du problème de meilleure approximation au sens de la norme L1. Cette étude comprend des développements théoriques sur la meilleure approximation L1 de fonctions présentant une discontinuité de type saut dans des espaces fonctionnels généraux appelés espace de Chebyshev et faiblement Chebyshev. Les splines polynomiales entrent dans ce cadre. Des algorithmes d'approximation de données discrètes au sens de la norme L1 par procédé de fenêtre glissante sont développés en se basant sur les travaux existants sur les splines de lissage et d'ajustement. Les méthodes présentées dans la littérature pour ces types de splines peuvent être relativement couteuse en temps de calcul. Les algorithmes par fenêtre glissante permettent d'obtenir une complexité linéaire en le nombre de données. De plus, une parallélisation est possible. Enfin, une approche originale d'approximation, appelée interpolation à delta près, est développée. Nous proposons un algorithme algébrique avec une complexité linéaire et qui peut être utilisé pour des applications temps réelData and function approximation is fundamental in application domains like path planning or signal processing (sensor data). In such domains, it is important to obtain curves that preserve the shape of the data. Considering the results obtained for the problem of data interpolation, L1 splines appear to be a good solution. Contrary to classical L2 splines, these splines enable to preserve linearities in the data and to not introduce extraneous oscillations when applied on data sets with abrupt changes. We propose in this dissertation a study of the problem of best L1 approximation. This study includes developments on best L1 approximation of functions with a jump discontinuity in general spaces called Chebyshev and weak-Chebyshev spaces. Polynomial splines fit in this framework. Approximation algorithms by smoothing splines and spline fits based on a sliding window process are introduced. The methods previously proposed in the littérature can be relatively time consuming when applied on large datasets. Sliding window algorithm enables to obtain algorithms with linear complexity. Moreover, these algorithms can be parallelized. Finally, a new approximation approach with prescribed error is introduced. A pure algebraic algorithm with linear complexity is introduced. This algorithm is then applicable to real-time application
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Garner, Joel. "Industrial radioactivity in the UK's onshore oil and gas industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24709.
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Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) is a common feature in North Sea oil and gas production offshore but, to date, has been reported from only one production site onshore in the United Kingdom. This site, Wytch Farm on the Dorset coast, revealed high activity concentrations of lead-210 in metallic form but little evidence of radium accumulation. NORM has now been discovered at two further onshore sites in the East Midlands region of the UK. The material has been characterised in terms of its mineralogy, bulk composition and disequilibrium in the natural uranium and thorium series decay chains. In contrast to Wytch Farm, scale and sludge samples from the East Midlands were found to contain elevated levels of radium and radioactive progeny associated with crystalline strontiobarite. The highest radium-226 and radium-228 activity concentrations found in scale samples were 132 and 60 Bq/g, with mean values of 86 and 40 Bq/g respectively, somewhat higher than the mean for the North Sea and well above national exemption levels for landfill disposal. The two East Midlands sites exhibited similar levels of radioactivity. Scanning electron microscope imaging shows the presence of tabular, idiomorphic and acicular strontiobarite crystals with elemental mapping confirming that barium and strontium are co-located throughout the scale. Bulk compositional data show a corresponding correlation between barium-strontium concentrations and radium activity. Scales and sludge were dated using the 226Ra/210Pb method giving mean ages of 2.2 and 3.7 years, respectively. The results demonstrate clearly that these NORM deposits, with significant radium activity, can form over a very short period of time. Although the production sites studied here are involved in conventional oil recovery, the findings have direct relevance should hydraulic fracturing or fracking for shale gas be pursued in the East Midlands oilfield. Highly saline flowback fluid containing above regulation levels of radium has already been observed as a result of exploratory fracking operations in the North West s Bowland Shale and now appears a likely outcome if similar operations are conducted in the East Midlands. Barite (barium sulphate) coprecipitation is a cost-effective method for removing radium from solution. For the first time, reagent quantities for radium recovery by barite coprecipitation have been optimised in saline solutions of ionic strength (IS) 0.3 and 3 M. The process is highly effective, removing a maximum of ~90% radium in a single optimised coprecipitation step, but requiring substantially more sulphate at 3 M than at 0.3 M ionic strength to reach this maximum. It has been shown that, if left, the radiobarite precipitate will continue to remove radium by post-precipitation (recrystallisation). A pattern of diminishing returns in radium recovery by post- precipitation at each IS was observed; the rate was faster in the first 24 hours then dropped significantly over 14 days. After 14 days >80% of the radium was recovered, slightly more radium being removed at IS = 0.3 M. Therefore, if >90% radium recovery is sought, further co- and post-precipitation steps could be undertaken to approach the UK s 0.01 Bq/dm3 radium aqueous waste discharge exemption limit. However, compliance with UK s aqueous waste regulations would require multiple coprecipitation steps to recover >99.9% radium, which may not be feasible in practice. The Bowland Shale has high shale gas prospectivity and may be subject to further fracking operations in the future. Should local groundwaters mix with flowback fluid, there is potential for drinking water supplies to become contaminated. Baseline monitoring of groundwater was conducted in the region, so that comparisons may be made following potential fracking operations. The determined mean baseline for radium-226 and uranium-238 were 15.5 and 11.1 mBq/dm3 respectively, both below their respective notifiable drinking water level in the UK. In the majority of the groundwaters, barite is supersaturated and geochemical modelling has shown that a considerable proportion of the aqueous radium could precipitate in the Ba1-xRaxSO4 solid solution. A further increase in dissolved radium, barium and sulphate as a result of fracking will greatly increase the likelihood of concentrating the radium in barite scales, commonly found in oil and gas production equipment. What this means in terms of the potential NORM inventory is that Ra-containing NORM could manifest itself as fluid or solid waste.
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Balevi, Mehtap, and Carin Friborg. "Hovrättens och tingsrättens bedömning av hedersrelaterat våld och annat våld : - En kvalitativ analys av rättsfall rörande våldsbrott." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32706.
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The purpose of the study has been to describe and analyse in which way court make a distinction between honour related violence and violence in other cases by using an text analysis together with an content analysis. Previous research shows that honour related violence have been a controversial concept, which have made it hard for the swedish society to get a hand of the background of the phenomenon. Some researcher describe honour related violence as a cultural related lifestyle, all though some researchers does not agree with this explanation. The result have been analysed through a feministic perspective on gender, definitions of ascendancy, the normalizations process of violence and through honour and shame. To create an understanding of how the gender norms can take place in different family structures, Al-Baldawis pyramid of patriarchal family structure have been used as an illustration of the differences in authority of power. The main result shows that men's violence against women have been over represented, categorized after violence in close relationships. It also shows that the court´s assessment often is objective, based on the circumstances of the case.
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Bergnor, Emma. "Trösta eller tysta? : En essä om barns rätt till sina känslor." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30202.
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This essay is based on two selfexperienced situations. I examine my role as a preschool educationalist where children are prevented from expressing their emotions freely. The essay opens with a description of a middaysnack and the other story tells about a girl who is not allowed to decide herself when her sadness ends. The purpose of my examination is to problematize and reflect around the educationalists and my own encountering of the children in my stories. What does it mean to be a good educationalist when encountering children who express strong feelings? Which norms are created in the group of children when the individuals consistently are met by a silencing behaviour when in need of comforting? The situations themselves are not unique, they appear in different settings relatively often. I will also reflect on my own practical knowledge in relation to the stories as well as set my thoughts against the regulatory documents regarding swedish preshool. These thoughts will be examined in this essay against theories such as relation competence, children's emotional development and theories surrounding shame and norms.Den här essän är baserad på två självupplevda situationer. Jag undersöker min roll som förskolepedagog i situationer där barn hindras från att uttrycka sina känslor fritt. Essän inleds med en beskrivning av ett mellanmål och den andra berättelsen handlar om hur en flicka inte tillåts avgöra själv när hennes ledsenhet är slut. Syftet med min undersökning är att problematisera och reflektera kring pedagogernas och mitt eget bemötande av barnen i mina berättelser. Vad innebär det att vara en god pedagog i mötet med barn som uttrycker starka känslor? Vilka normer skapas i barngruppen när individerna konsekvent möts av ett tystande beteende då de är i behov av tröst? Situationerna är i sig inte unika, utan de förekommer i olika former relativt ofta. Jag kommer också reflektera över min egen praktiska kunskap i förhållande till berättelserna samt så ställer jag min reflektion mot min tolkning av styrdokumentens krav gällande den svenska förskolan. Jag använder mig av teorier som relationskompetens, barns känslomässiga utveckling och teori om skam och normer.
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Zhang, Min. "Discrete shape modeling for geometrical product specification : contributions and applications to skin model simulation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670109.
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The management and the control of product geometrical variations during the whole development process is an important issue for cost reduction, quality improvement and company competitiveness in the global manufacturing era. During the design phase, geometric functional requirements and tolerances are derived from the design intent. Geometric modeling tools, now largely support the modeling of product shapes and dimensions. However, permissible geometrical variations cannot be intuitively assessed using existing modeling tools. In addition, the manufacturing and measurement stages are two main geometrical variations generators according to the two well know axioms of manufacturing imprecision and measurement uncertainty. A comprehensive view of Geometrical Product Specifications should consider not only the complete tolerancing process, tolerance modeling and tolerance representation but also shape geometric representations, and suitable processing techniques and algorithms. GeoSpelling as the basis of the GPS standard enables a comprehensive modeling framework and an unambiguous language to describe geometrical variations covering the overall product life cycle thanks to a set of concepts and operations based on the fundamental concept of the "Skin Model". However, the "operationalization" of GeoSpelling has not been successfully completed and few research studies have focused on the skin model simulation. The skin model as a discrete shape model is the main focus of this dissertation. We investigate here discrete geometry fundamentals of GeoSpelling, Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques and Statistical Shape Analysis methods to simulate and analyze "realistic shapes" when considering geometrical constraints requirements (derived from functional specifications and manufacturing considerations). In addition to mapping fundamental concepts and operations to discrete geometry one's, the work presented here investigates a discrete shape model for both random and systematic errors when taking into account second order approximation of shapes. The concept of a mean skin model and its robust statistics are also developed. The results of the skin model simulations and visualizations are reported. By means of a case study based on a cross-shaped sheet metal part where the manufacturing process is simulated using Finite Element Analysis considering stochastic variations, the results of the skin model simulations are shown, and the performances of the method are described.
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Leal, Hensman Paloma. "Varför viskar vi : en essä om pedagogers svårigheter att bemöta och samtala om barns sexualitet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29437.
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I denna uppsats har jag funderat på de svårigheter som uppstår när barn på förskolan uttrycker sin sexualitet och visar intresse för kroppens genitalier genom undersökninglekar. Med hjälp av relevant litteratur, har jag studerat vad begreppet barns sexualitet innebär. I min uppsats, lyfter jag de aspekter som kan påverka hur vuxnas oro och osäkerhet vid behandling av barns sexualitets uttryck kan bidra till negativa konsekvenser för deras fortsatta sexualitetsutveckling. I dialog med litteraturen har jag bearbetat mitt dilemma och presenterat olika perspektiv som har påverkat hur människor i mitt dilemma och jag har agerat i bemötandet av barnens undersökningslekar. I min uppsats har jag också reflekterat över känslor av skam och diskriminering, med fokus på flickors sexualitet. I diskussionen har jag funderat på strukturella normer som påverkar människors beteende. Jag lyfter även förväntningar som finns på mig i min förskollärarroll och diskuterar hur riktlinjer i läroplanen som styrdokument skulle kunna underlätta behandlingen av mitt dilemma.
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Johansson, Sofia, and Klara Thunell. ""I've never been forced to do anything, I've sometimes just ignored listening to myself" : A qualitative study on the role of pornography in teenage girls' sexual experiences." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176042.
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Young men and women growing up in Sweden today have to face several difficult issues regarding their sexuality, yet, it is rather unexplored how they navigate through them. Pornography, the focus of this study, is widely used by both young men and women. However, few studies are examining young people’s own narratives of their encounters with pornography. The aim of this study was therefore to explore young women’s experiences of pornography, as well as how they believe pornography affects both themselves and other adolescents in terms of sexuality and sexual experiences. Seven young women between the age of 17-18 were interviewed for this study and their answers were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed that the participants experienced a predominately negative effect of pornography on their sexual lives. Due to the participants’ feminist moral values, their pornography consumption caused them strong feelings of shame. Further, they all felt pressured to adopt a supporting role in sex and to perform in line with a pornographic script, thus compromising their opportunity to self-pleasure, ability to consent, and claim of sexual agency. It also became evident how difficult it is to navigate through the conflicting roles within a postfeminist media culture, with regard to feminism, heterosexual gender norms, and the strong ideal of being an “agent” in sex. The results highlight the need for social change rather than individualized responsibility, in the pursuit of every person’s right to sexual integrity and sexual self-determination.
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Oliver, Parera Maria. "Scene understanding from image and video : segmentation, depth configuration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663870.
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In this thesis we aim at analyzing images and videos at the object level, with the goal of decomposing the scene into complete objects that move and interact among themselves. The thesis is divided in three parts. First, we propose a segmentation method to decompose the scene into shapes. Then, we propose a probabilistic method, which works with shapes or objects at two different depths, to infer which objects are in front of the others, while completing the ones which are partially occluded. Finally, we propose two video related inpainting method. On one hand, we propose a binary video inpainting method that relies on the optical flow of the video in order to complete the shapes across time taking into account their motion. On the other hand, we propose a method for optical flow that takes into account the informational from the frames.Aquesta tesi té per objectiu analitzar imatges i vídeos a nivell d’objectes, amb l’objectiu de descompondre l’escena en objectes complets que es mouen i interaccionen entre ells. La tesi està dividida en tres parts. En primer lloc, proposem un mètode de segmentació per descompondre l’escena en les formes que la componen. A continuació, proposem un mètode probabilístic, que considera les formes o objectes en dues profunditats de l’escena diferents, i infereix quins objectes estan davant dels altres, completant també els objectes parcialment ocults. Finalment, proposem dos mètodes relacionats amb el vídeo inpainting. Per una banda, proposem un mètode per vídeo inpainting binari que utilitza el flux òptic del vídeo per completar les formes al llarg del temps, tenint en compte el seu moviment. Per l’altra banda, proposem un mètode per inpainting de flux òptic que té en compte la informació provinent dels frames.
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Cederberg, Tove, and Klara Larsson. "Den didaktiska onanin : Kroppsmaterialistisk analys om (från)varandet av kroppslig fakticitet i normkritiska texter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29526.
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The purpose of this study is to show the discourses that we can see in the texts from RFSU (2015) and “Rädda Barnen” (2013) about children's sexuality, we connect this empiricism to the preschool curriculum. Furthermore, we highlight the gaps that we can see are the different discourses in the texts and how present or absent physical factuality is. We also want to examine what it could mean for our didactic work with body factuality. Generally, there are a lot of texts about the importance of playfulness and many expressions that leave room for interpretation to the reader. We believe that concepts like playful, positive, equality, security, develop a responsible sexuality, private body parts, intimately, and so forth leaves subjective to interpretation of each individual preschool teacher. Children are described exploring their sexuality through play, were the body are in focus, but are often described limited as children's sexuality. Children's bodily feelings and sexuality described indistinct and confused resulting in that the body is made invisible. The discourses make themselves prominent in our discourse analysis is sexuality discourse, disquieting and fear discourse, discourse of norms, materialistic corporal discourse and the invisible discourse.
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Meakin, Matthias, and Dzenana Poturak. "Kvinnors våld mot män i nära relationer, könsnormer och maskulinitet : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares erfarenheter av möten med utsatta män." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104764.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate social workers' experience in meeting men who are victims of domestic violence by women. Through this study we want to acquire an in-depth understanding of how social norms of gender and masculinity have an impact on domestic violence by women as well as its impact on social workers in their treatment of the abused men. The methodological starting point of this study is based on a hermeneutic qualitative approach where empirical data have been obtained through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with six social workers who all come in contact with domestic violence through their work. Results from this study show that the norms of gender and masculinity which exist in our society do affect the view of men and manhood and it affects the view on women’s violence and violence in general. It also affects how the social workers treat men who are victims of domestic abuse by women. The result of this is that men feel a lot of shame about being victims of domestic abuse hence making it hard to reach them in efforts to help. Our conclusion is that social workers need to learn more about how norms of gender and masculinity affect what the men are feeling and hence find ways to treat these men without shame interfering in that treatment.
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Labbé, Fabienne. "VIH, stigmatisation et honte aux îles Fidji." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0152.
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Cette thèse porte sur la stigmatisation associée au VIH aux îles Fidji, dans le Pacifique Sud. Elle examine les formes prises par la stigmatisation liée à l’infection, l’univers moral dans lequel elle prend forme et les logiques sociales et culturelles dont elle procède dans la société fidjienne. Elle analyse également la façon dont les personnes atteintes du VIH font l’expérience de cette stigmatisation et les stratégies mises en œuvre par celles-ci pour y faire face. Les analyses présentées dans cette thèse se fondent sur une recherche de terrain de 16 mois réalisée dans la ville de Suva entre 2007 et 2013 et analysant l’expérience de vie et de maladie des personnes atteintes du VIH. Elles s’appuient plus particulièrement sur des récits de vie recueillis auprès de 28 hommes et femmes vivant avec l’infection.En m’inspirant de l’approche théorique d’Arthur Kleinman qui envisage la stigmatisation comme un enjeu moral dans lequel une condition stigmatisée menace ce qui est fondamentalement en jeu pour les acteurs sociaux dans un monde local, je montre que le VIH constitue, pour la plupart des Fidjiens, un symbole des multiples menaces (sexualité hors mariage, sexualité entre personnes de même sexe, etc.) qui guettent aujourd’hui, selon eux, les institutions religieuses et coutumières de la famille et du mariage. Les attitudes stigmatisantes dont ils font preuve à l’égard des personnes séropositives – et au premier chef les commérages – peuvent donc être envisagées comme des tentatives pour préserver ces institutions qui sont au fondement de l’ordre social fidjien. Pour les personnes atteintes du VIH, l’infection met en péril ce à quoi elles attachent le plus d’importance, soit être considérées comme des personnes de valeur aux yeux de leur famille, de leur lignage, de leur clan et de leur village et maintenir des relations appropriées et non tendues avec eux. La honte constitue dès lors l’émotion dominante sous-tendant l’expérience de la majorité des personnes atteintes. Une dimension importante du travail de gestion du VIH par les personnes séropositives, comme je le soutiens dans cette thèse, consiste ainsi à négocier la stigmatisation et la honte pour elles-mêmes et à tenter d’en éviter l’extension ou d’en minimiser les effets pour leurs proches. Pour ce faire, elles mettent en œuvre différentes stratégies, notamment celles qui visent à conserver leur condition secrète, à se distancier de l’image d’immoralité associée au VIH en se convertissant à une Église pentecôtiste ou encore à cultiver un soi « (séro)positif » en adhérant à un groupe de soutien pour personnes séropositives. Je montre toutefois que le niveau de stigmatisation vécu par les personnes atteintes du VIH aux îles Fidji, ainsi que la possibilité qu’elles ont d’y répondre, ne sont pas les mêmes pour tous et qu’ils varient en fonction de trois facteurs principaux : la moralité, le genre et le niveau socioéconomiqueThis dissertation examines the stigma associated with HIV in Fiji, in the South Pacific. It analyzes the forms taken by stigma associated with the infection, the moral universe in which it takes place and the social and cultural logic underlying it in the Fijian society. It also examines how people living with HIV experience this stigma and the strategies they use to cope with it.The analyses presented draw on a 16-month fieldwork research carried out in Suva, the capital of Fiji, between 2007 and 2013. They are based on the life stories of 28 HIV-positive men and women with whom I had long-term exchanges. Drawing on Arthur Kleinman’s theoretical framework that considers stigma as an essentially moral issue in which a stigmatized condition threatens what is most at stake for actors in a local moral world, I show that HIV is, for most Fijians, a symbol of the multiple threats (sexuality outside of marriage, sexuality between people of the same sex, etc.) that endanger today, in their view, the religious and customary institutions of family and marriage. Fijian's stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV-positive people—and primarily gossips—can thus be seen as attempts to preserve these institutions that are the very foundation of the Fijian social order. For people living with HIV, the infection puts at risk what they value most, i.e. to be seen as a valuable person in the eyes of their family, lineage, clan and village, and to maintain appropriate and unstrained relationships with them. Shame is therefore the dominant emotion underlying the experience of most HIV-positive people. An important dimension of the work of managing HIV for HIV-positive people in Fiji, as I argue in this dissertation, is thus to negotiate stigma and shame and to try to avoid its spread and/or to minimize its effects on their loved ones. To do so, they employ different strategies, notably trying to keep their condition secret, distancing themselves from the image of immorality associated with HIV by converting to a Pentecostal church or embracing an “HIV-positive identity” by joining a support group for people living with HIV. However, I show that the level of stigma experienced by people living with HIV in Fiji, as well as their capacity to respond to it, is not the same for everyone. Three main factors influence the way HIV-positive people experience and cope with stigma and shame: morality, gender and socioeconomic level
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Dargytė, Eglė. "Rinkos rizikos analizė ir valdymas akcinėje bendrovėje Šiaulių bankas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050601_161929-48949.
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This master‘s final paper analyzes and systemizes theoretical and practical bank risk measurement and management analysis conducted by various Lithuanian and foreign authors; presents risk conception in banking sector. Comprehensively analyzes and evaluates bank’s market risk (interest rate, foreign currency and investment risk). The third part suggests market risk evaluation and management improvement opportunities in stock company Šiaulių bankas.
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Wu, Eugenia Ching. "When Bittersweet is as Good as Sweet: How Emotion Norms Shape Consumption Choices." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2288.
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Though societally-held norms about emotion are an ever-present factor that guide and shape our emotional experiences, little research has examined how these norms might influence our consumption behaviors. In my dissertation, I begin to bridge that gap by examining how emotion norms might encourage individuals to make certain consumption choices in an attempt to achieve or avoid specific emotional states. In particular, I focus specifically on the emotion norm associated with the experience of feeling ashamed to explore how emotion norms can lead us to make some rather unexpected choices. Across a series of studies, I find that the emotion norm associated with shame attenuates consumers' basic hedonic impulses and increases their preference for products that elicit mixed emotions. Importantly, I find that this occurs despite our natural preference for feeling positively and despite the fact that feeling mixed emotions is psychologically uncomfortable and aversive. Taken together, this work extends the existing research on motivated emotion, mixed emotions and emotion norms in (1) suggesting a novel reason for why individuals might seek out one emotional state over another (2) providing an explanation for why mixed emotions-eliciting products might succeed in the marketplace (3) demonstrating that not all negative emotions lead to mood repair behavior and (4) examining how emotion norms as fundamental social structures influence consumption behavior.
Dissertation
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Garcia, Maria Pizarro Miranda Malheiro. "Family, peers and culture: what shapes perceived intimate partner violence in Portuguese youth?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21173.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most prevalent forms of violence in society. During youth, individuals begin to develop romantic relationships, as well as attitudes regarding violence, thus, this age-group is critical for investigation. Research has demonstrated how family-of-origin and peers both influence IPV, through social norms, however, the influence of perceived cultural norms has scarcely been investigated. Thus, the present correlational study explored the association between descriptive and prescriptive norms, ascribed by family, peers and culture, and intimate partner violence in a sample of Portuguese university students. 221 participants completed a questionnaire regarding the perceived frequency (descriptive norms) and acceptability (prescriptive norms) of violence in relation to the three aforementioned groups, as well as a self-report of the violence perpetrated by both themselves and their partners in their own relationships, either past or present. Results showed that peer descriptive norms predicted psychological violence in participant’s own relationships, but not physical or sexual violence. Parents did not correlate significantly with any kind of violence, and although cultural violence was perceived to be the highest out of all three groups, it was not as influential as the peer group for this sample. Practical implications to prevent IPV among university students should therefore focus on addressing peers and the larger school context, as well as psychological violence specifically.A violência no namoro (VNN) é uma das formas de violência mais prevalentes na sociedade. Durante a juventude, os indivíduos começam a desenvolver relações amorosas, bem como atitudes em relação à violência, logo, esta faixa-etária é crítica para a investigação. A literatura demonstra como a família de origem e os pares influenciam a VNN, através de uma abordagem de normas sociais. No entanto, a influência de normas culturais percecionadas tem sido pouco investigada. Assim, o presente estudo correlacional explorou a associação entre normas descritivas e prescritivas atribuídas pela família, pelos pares e pela cultura, e a violência no namoro em universitários portugueses. 221 estudantes universitários responderam a um questionário sobre a frequência percecionada da violência (normas descritivas) e a sua aceitabilidade (normas prescritivas) em relação aos três grupos acima mencionados, bem como um autorrelato da violência perpetrada por eles próprios e pelos seus parceiros nos seus relacionamentos, passados ou presentes. Os resultados mostraram que as normas descritivas dos pares previram violência psicológica nos relacionamentos dos próprios participantes, mas não violência física ou sexual. Os pais não se correlacionaram significativamente com nenhum tipo de violência e, embora a violência cultural tenha sido percebida como a mais alta entre os três grupos, não foi tão influente quanto o grupo de pares para esta amostra. As implicações práticas para prevenir a VNN entre estudantes universitários devem, portanto, focar-se no tratamento de pares e no contexto escolar mais amplo, bem como na violência psicológica, especificamente.
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Thede, Anne-Sophie. "Facilitating a behavioral change of carsharing customers towards a more sustainable personal mobility : the case of SHARE NOW." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29732.
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Over the past decade, the topic of sustainability has successfully moved from being a fringe topic to a mainstream issue of global importance. Despite sustainability receiving a high degree of attention, unsustainable consumption patterns prevail, especially in the context of personal mobility. Given the urgency of facilitating a shift to more sustainable consumption, it is of special interest to deepen our understanding of how mobility providers can positively impact their customers’ behavior to become more sustainable regarding personal mobility. This dissertation will analyze the example of SHARE NOW, the world’s biggest flexible car sharing provider. In order to develop a recommended course of action, this dissertation examines what a more sustainable personal mobility could look like in the context of SHARE NOW, and which factors make it hard for SHARE NOW customers to adopt more sustainable personal mobility behaviors. Analytical frameworks such as the attitude-behavior gap, the norm-activation method and the theory of planned behavior were utilized. Data collection includes secondary and primary, mainly qualitative, data. The case illustrates how a lack of ascription of responsibility and perceived behavioral control prevents SHARE NOW’s customers from adopting more sustainable personal mobility behaviors. In conclusion, SHARE NOW should promote sustainable multimodal mobility by making it desirable, attainable, and by highlighting that sustainability is our shared responsibility.Ao longo da última década, a sustentabilidade tornou-se, com sucesso, num assunto de relevância global. Contudo, padrões de consumo pouco sustentáveis permanecem, principalmente no que diz respeito à mobilidade pessoal. Devido à urgência de uma solução que facilite padrões de consumo mais sustentáveis, existe um interesse em aprofundar o nosso conhecimento na forma como fornecedores de serviços de car sharing podem impactar positivamente as atitudes dos seus consumidores, levando-os a adotar uma mobilidade mais sustentável. Esta tese foi desenvolvida recorrendo ao exemplo da SHARE NOW, o maior serviço de car sharing do mundo. De forma a desenvolver um plano de ação recomendado, esta tese baseia-se naquilo que uma mobilidade pessoal mais sustentável poderá ser no contexto da SHARE NOW, e no que dificultará a adoção de uma mobilidade mais sustentável por parte dos consumidores da SHARE NOW. Modelos como o attitude-behavior gap, o norm-activation method e a theory planned behavior foram analisadas. A recolha de dados incluiu dados primários e secundários, maioritariamente qualitativos. Este estudo ilustra como a falta de atribuição de responsabilidade e a percepção comportamental previne os consumidores da SHARE NOW de adotar padrões de comportamento mais sustentáveis. Conclui-se que que a SHARE NOW deveria promover a mobilidade multimodal sustentável de forma a torná-la mais desejável, atingível e responsabilidade de todos nós.