Academic literature on the topic 'Shape morphology analyses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Bond, Jason E., and David A. Beamer. "A morphometric analysis of mygalomorph spider carapace shape and its efficacy as a phylogenetic character (Araneae)." Invertebrate Systematics 20, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is05041.
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Shape features are often used as characters in cladistic analyses, yet states of these characters are seldom delineated in an objective, repeatable fashion. Carapace shape is one such character that is often used in analyses of mygalomorph spider relationships. For example, most analyses have used cephalic region morphology (e.g. steeply arched v. flat or sloping) as a key feature that delineates some major clades. In practice, carapace shapes at the extremes are relatively easy to identify; however, intermediate carapace shapes have proven to be much more difficult to objectively score in one of three shape categories. In this study, carapace shape is used as an exemplar characteristic to evaluate the utility of shape features in phylogenetic analyses and to evaluate our ability to effectively score discrete character states. Carapaces from 178 spider specimens sampled across 13 of the 15 nominal mygalomorph families were digitally photographed and their outlines were traced and pseudo-landmarks plotted. An elliptical Fourier analysis was then employed in an attempt to both delineate and assess character states. It is concluded that landmark analyses are inappropriate for carapace shape delineation as a result of difficulties in scoring precision and, thus, outline analyses are the preferred method given the morphology. Carapace shape is not a very useful character for broad-level systematic studies of mygalomorph relationships owing to the variable nature of the feature and our inability to detect discrete discernable shapes.
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SWISHER, ROBERT E., and JIH-PAI LIN. "A geometric morphometric analysis of Arachnoides placenta (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida): An examination of ontogenetic development and morphological variation." Zoosymposia 15, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.18.
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Irregular echinoids, particularly clypeasteroids or “sand dollars”, have obtained highly adaptive morphologies suited to their life habitats. Specimens (n = 26) of a clypeasteroid echinoid Arachnoides placenta were examined to understand how these adaptive morphologies were ontogenetically and developmentally obtained. Ontogenetically, early post-larval juvenile specimens have a pentagonal morphologic outline (known as ambitus) that shifts to a circular or a sub-circular morphology observed in the largest adult specimens. Circular morphology appears optimized for the adult life habitat or niche. Both landmark and semilandmark geometric morphometric methodologies were applied to quantify shape change, ontogenetic variation, and developmental morphology in A. placenta. Ambitus change is concentrated along the interambulacral regions with broader curvature variations occurring across both ambulacral and interambulacral regions. Circular adult morphology was a result of non-isometric shape change concentrated anteriorly with minor variation around posterior margin/periproctal furrow. Interior morphologic change of the petaloids and periproct was also quantified, mainly impacting posterior outline morphology. Minimal deformation of the basicoronal plates was detected, indicating stability during ontogeny. Results indicated that complex, non-isometric allometric shape change, both along the ambitus and interiorly, is required to morph from a pentagonal outline in post-larval juveniles to a circular or sub-circular ambitus morphology in adults. This analysis demonstrates the advantages of both landmark and semilandmark geometric morphometric analyses for quantifying developmental change and shape variation in Clypeasteroida.
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Suzuki, Kazumasa, Yasuaki Tokudome, Hiroshi Tsuda, and Masahide Takahashi. "Morphology control of BiFeO3aggregatesviahydrothermal synthesis." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715023845.
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The assembly of crystalline building units with specific shape-derived properties into aggregates is often required to broaden their practical applications because the properties of the building units can be fully integrated and used in the aggregates owing to their orientation. Herein, morphology-controlled BiFeO3aggregates composed of oriented crystalline building units were fabricatedviaa hydrothermal process without any additives, and the effects of the supersaturation conditions on the aggregation state were investigated. The supersaturation condition, controlled by varying the KOH concentration, was found to affect the shape of the crystalline building units. For lower supersaturation conditions, the morphology of the aggregates was found to be closely related to the shape of the fundamental building units, and the results indicated that oriented attachment occurred between specific crystal faces of the building units. Under a high supersaturation condition, the morphology of the aggregate did not reflect the shape of the building units and a monodispersed spherical aggregate was obtained. Further, the internal microstructures of the aggregates changed from homogeneous and dense to sparse core and dense shell structures with an increasing supersaturation condition. The formation mechanism of these morphology-controlled aggregates is discussed using microstructure analyses. The present approach to control the morphology of aggregates using the shape of the building units and aggregation kinetics could also be applicable for other microcrystalline aggregated systems in addition to BiFeO3.
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Kozitzky, Emma. "The impact of hybridization on upper first molar shape in robust capuchins (Sapajus nigritus x S. libidinosus)." Dental Anthropology Journal 34, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v34i1.316.
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To better understand the impact of hybridization on development and morphology, I analyze an understudied phenotype in hybrid morphology research: tooth shape. I apply a 2D geometric morphometric approach to compare variation in first upper molar cusp tip positions and crown outline shape among 31 crested capuchins (Sapajus nigritus), 37 bearded capuchins (S. libidinosus), and 44 hybrids (S. nigritus x S. libidinosus). A principal components analysis shows that group membership accounts for a significantly greater proportion of variance along the first major axis of M1 shape variation than does allometry. While most hybrids have S. nigritus-like M1s, several possess a transgressive M1 shape not observed in either parental species. Procrustes distances are greater in hybrids compared to the parental capuchins, and two-block partial least squares analyses show that hybrids exhibit weaker integration between cusp tip positions and crown outline shape. These results demonstrate that hybridization generates novel M1 shapes and support the hypothesis that destabilized development results in elevated phenotypic variance in hybrids. Further studies of dental shape in hybrid primates will generate important data for on-going efforts to detect potential hybrids in the hominin fossil record and to understand the evolutionary outcomes of anthropogenic hybridization.
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Mahé, Kélig, Djamila Ider, Andrea Massaro, Oussama Hamed, Alba Jurado-Ruzafa, Patrícia Gonçalves, Aikaterini Anastasopoulou, et al. "Directional bilateral asymmetry in otolith morphology may affect fish stock discrimination based on otolith shape analysis." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy163.
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Abstract Otolith shape analysis is an efficient fish stock identification tool. However, most applications used left and right otoliths or only one of them arbitrarily chosen without testing for biases resulting from potential directional bilateral asymmetry (DA) in otolith shape, i.e. a unimodal population-level deviation form bilateral symmetry between right and left otolith shapes. In this study, 560 bogues (Boops boops) were sampled from 11 geographical locations from the Canary Islands to the Aegean Sea and elliptical Fourier descriptors were used to describe their otoliths’ shape. First, a significant otolith DA was observed at the global scale with an average amplitude of 2.77%. However, at the scale of sampling locations, DA was not always significant and varied in amplitude and direction. Second, population structure was investigated using the shape of either right otoliths or left otoliths or both together. Analyses based on right otoliths or both otoliths together, suggested three stock units: a North-Western Mediterranean Sea stock, an Eastern Mediterranean Sea stock, and a Central-Eastern Atlantic Ocean and South-Western Mediterranean Sea stock. In contrast, no coherent geographical pattern was found based on left otoliths. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for potential otolith DA in otolith shape-based stock identification.
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Cooper, W. James, and Scott J. Steppan. "Developmental constraint on the evolution of marsupial forelimb morphology." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09102.
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Compared with the placental mammals, marsupials are born at an almost embryonic stage, but nearly all of these neonates immediately climb or crawl to one of their mother’s teats using precociously developed forelimbs. Marsupial adults also exhibit limited forelimb shape diversity relative to the members of their sister group. That the functional requirements of this natal climb have imposed a developmental constraint on marsupial forelimb evolution represents a compelling and widely accepted hypothesis, yet its resulting predictions for the comparative patterns of mammal limb shape diversity have never been tested. In order to perform such tests we conducted extensive taxonomic sampling of mammal limb morphology (including fossil specimens), and then examined these data using morphometric methods, non-parametric analyses of anatomical disparity, and phylogenetic comparative analyses of evolutionary rates. Our results strongly support the constraint hypothesis, and indicate that the highly significant differences between marsupial and placental forelimb shape diversity has been strongly influenced by different rates of morphological evolution among the distal forelimb elements in these two important mammal lineages.
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Yousefkhani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian, Hossein Nabizadeh, and L. Lee Grismer. "Ecomorphological differences among forest and rock dwelling species of Darevskia Arribas, 1999 (Squamata, Lacertide) in the Elburz Mountains, Iran." Herpetozoa 35 (December 21, 2022): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e95257.
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Ecological pressure is the major driver of morphological adaptation. Different habitat preferences even among closely related species, often result in the evolution of different body shapes. In the present study, we employed geometric morphometric and principal component analyses (PCA) to compare body shape and head plate morphology among seven species in the genus Darevskia Arribas, 1999 from the Elburz Mountains, Iran that occur in either rocky or forested habitats. The geometric morphometric analysis and the PCA of meristic characters recovered a wide degree of overlap between the rock and forest dwelling species. The PCA of the morphometric characters showed wide separation among the rock and forest dwelling species as well as among some of the rock dwelling species. These results strongly suggest that body shape is correlated with the habitat type whereas head plate morphology and scale meristics are not. Furthermore, the results suggest that the rock dwelling species may be occupying and navigating their microhabitat in different ways. Ecological observations are needed to test this hypothesis.
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Goswami, Anjali, Akinobu Watanabe, Ryan N. Felice, Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, and P. David Polly. "High-Density Morphometric Analysis of Shape and Integration: The Good, the Bad, and the Not-Really-a-Problem." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz120.
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Abstract The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data of thousands of species, methods for quantifying morphology that harness this rich phenotypic information are quickly emerging. Among these techniques, high-density geometric morphometric approaches provide a powerful and versatile framework to robustly characterize shape and phenotypic integration, the covariances among morphological traits. These methods are particularly useful for analyses of complex structures and across disparate taxa, which may share few landmarks of unambiguous homology. However, high-density geometric morphometrics also brings challenges, for example, with statistical, but not biological, covariances imposed by placement and sliding of semilandmarks and registration methods such as Procrustes superimposition. Here, we present simulations and case studies of high-density datasets for squamates, birds, and caecilians that exemplify the promise and challenges of high-dimensional analyses of phenotypic integration and modularity. We assess: (1) the relative merits of “big” high-density geometric morphometrics data over traditional shape data; (2) the impact of Procrustes superimposition on analyses of integration and modularity; and (3) differences in patterns of integration between analyses using high-density geometric morphometrics and those using discrete landmarks. We demonstrate that for many skull regions, 20–30 landmarks and/or semilandmarks are needed to accurately characterize their shape variation, and landmark-only analyses do a particularly poor job of capturing shape variation in vault and rostrum bones. Procrustes superimposition can mask modularity, especially when landmarks covary in parallel directions, but this effect decreases with more biologically complex covariance patterns. The directional effect of landmark variation on the position of the centroid affects recovery of covariance patterns more than landmark number does. Landmark-only and landmark-plus-sliding-semilandmark analyses of integration are generally congruent in overall pattern of integration, but landmark-only analyses tend to show higher integration between adjacent bones, especially when landmarks placed on the sutures between bones introduces a boundary bias. Allometry may be a stronger influence on patterns of integration in landmark-only analyses, which show stronger integration prior to removal of allometric effects compared to analyses including semilandmarks. High-density geometric morphometrics has its challenges and drawbacks, but our analyses of simulated and empirical datasets demonstrate that these potential issues are unlikely to obscure genuine biological signal. Rather, high-density geometric morphometric data exceed traditional landmark-based methods in characterization of morphology and allow more nuanced comparisons across disparate taxa. Combined with the rapid increases in 3D data availability, high-density morphometric approaches have immense potential to propel a new class of studies of comparative morphology and phenotypic integration.
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Szmańda, Jacek Bogusław, and Karol Witkowski. "Morphometric Parameters of Krumbein Grain Shape Charts—A Critical Approach in Light of the Automatic Grain Shape Image Analysis." Minerals 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090937.
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Grain-shape analyses are essential in geological research because they provide the basis for genetic interpretations, including sedimentation conditions. The methods of visual evaluation used so far have been subjective, time-consuming and labour intensive. Automatic particle image analysis, including the methods used by the Morphology G3SE device, open up the possibility of mass and objective roundness analysis of mineral and organic particles. The article presents the results of measurements for the grain scale proposed by Krumbein in 1941, as this scale has been used in numerous sedimentological studies. The standard shapes were analysed using four parameters: High Sensitivity (HS) Circularity, Convexity, Solidity and Aspect Ratio. In the discussion, both the results and the grain-shape standards were critically assessed. The most important trends in the distribution of morphometric parameters of the scale are shown. On this basis, it was found that it is impossible to determine the parameter boundary values that would distinguish each class of grain roundness proposed by Krumbein. The conclusions propose criteria for the automatic differentiation of angular, subrounded and rounded grains, which could be a basis for describing the shape of mineral particles.
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Hernández-L., N., Á. R. Barragán, S. Dupas, J. F. Silvain, and O. Dangles. "Wing shape variations in an invasive moth are related to sexual dimorphism and altitude." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 5 (January 27, 2010): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530999054x.
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AbstractWing morphology has great importance in a wide variety of aspects of an insect's life. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to test the hypothesis that variation, in insect wing morphology patterns, occurs between sexes and along altitudinal gradients for invasive species, despite their recent association to this environment. We explored the variation in wing morphology between 12 invasive populations of the invasive potato pest, Tecia solanivora, at low and high altitude in the central highlands of Ecuador. After characterizing sexual dimorphism in wing shape, we investigated if moths at higher elevations differ in wing morphology from populations at lower altitudes. Results indicate wing shape and size differences between sexes and between altitudinal ranges. Females showed larger, wider wings than males, while high altitude moths showed larger, narrow-shaped wings by comparison to low-altitude moths. GLM analyses confirmed altitude was the only significant determinant of this gradient. Our study confirms a sexual dimorphism in size and wing shape for the potato moth. It also confirms and extends predictions of morphological changes with altitude to an invasive species, suggesting that wing morphology variation is an adapted response contributing to invasion success of the potato moth in mountainous landscapes. Ours is one of the first studies on the morphology of invasive insects and represents a valuable contribution to the study of insect invasions because it both offers empirical support to previous genetic studies on T. solanivora as well as proving broader insight into the mechanisms behind morphological evolution of a recently introduced pest.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Mottini, d'Oliveira Alejandro Ricardo. "Analyse de la morphologie axonale : du traitement des images à la modélisation." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4066/document.
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L'analyse de la morphologie axonale est un problème important en neuroscience. Diverses études ont montré que les caractéristiques morphologiques de ces structures donnent des informations sur son fonctionnement et permettent la caractérisation d'états pathologiques. En conséquence, il est important de développer des méthodes pour étudier leurs formes et quantifier leurs différences structurelles.Dans cette thèse on propose une méthode pour la comparaison des arbres axonaux qui inclue des informations topologiques et géométriques. La méthode est fondée sur la théorie des formes élastiques. Avec cette approche, nous pouvons exhiber le chemin géodésique entre deux formes et la forme moyenne d'un ensemble d'échantillons. En outre, nous proposons un schéma de classification à partir de cette métrique que nous comparons à l'état de l'art. Finalement, nous proposons un modèle stochastique pour la simulation de la croissance axonale défini par une chaîne de Markov. Il considère 2 processus principaux qui modélisent l'élongation et forme de l'axone et la génération des branches. Le processus de croissance dépend de différentes variables, dont un champ externe d'attraction généré par certaines molécules dans l'environnement. Les deux techniques proposées ont été validées sur une base d'images de microscopie confocale de neurones chez la Drosophile. Des neurones normaux et modifiés génétiquement ont été considérés. Les résultats montrent que la méthode de comparaison proposée fournit de meilleurs résultats que les méthodes décrites dans la littérature. De plus, les paramètres du modèle donnent des informations sur le processus de croissance de chaque population d'axonesThe morphological analysis of axonal trees is an important problem in neuroscience. It has been shown that the morphological characteristics of thesestructures provide information on their functioning and allows the characterization of pathological states. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop methods to analyze their shape and to quantify differences between structures. In this thesis we propose a method for the comparison of axonal trees that takes into account both topological and geometrical information. Using this method, which is based on the Elastic Shape Analysis Framework, we can compute the geodesic path between two axons and the mean shape of a population of trees. In addition, we derive a classfication scheme based on this metric and compare it with state of the art approaches. Finally, we propose a 2D discrete stochastic model for the simulation of axonal biogenesis. The model is defined by a third order Markov Chain and considers two main processes: the growth process that models the elongation and shape of the neurites and the bifurcation process that models the generation of branches. The growth process depends, among other variables, on an external attraction field. Both techniques were validated on a database of real fluorescent confocal microscopy images of neurons within Drosophila fly brains. Both normal neurons and neurons in which certain genes were inactivated have been considered. Results show that the proposed comparison method obtains better results that other methods found in the literature, and that the model parameter values provide information about the growth properties of the populations
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Impey, Stephen J. "Non-linear image processing techniques and their application to the analysis of antirrhinum petal shape development." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323310.
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Aedo, John R. "Does Shape Predict Performance? An Analysis of Morphology and Swimming Performance in Great Basin Fishes." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2751.pdf.
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Viechnicki, Bryon Joseph. "Three-dimensional Surface Changes in the Mandible during Growth and Development." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/211932.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth provides the potential for pedodontists, orthodontists and surgeons to prescribe treatment that works in harmony with the individual growth of the patient. Despite efforts by 3D pioneers, the visualization of growth and development remains reminiscent of the landmark-based cephalometric analyses used in two-dimensional studies. The objective of this study was to identify 3D topographical changes of the mandible during growth and development of adolescent orthodontic patients. Nine pairs of pre- and post-orthodontic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to generate mandibular surfaces. Surfaces were superimposed on trabecular bone in the anterior mandible using a mutual information algorithm, and topographical changes were visualized and quantified. The intra- and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients for surface generation (0.94 and 0.93, respectively) and superimposition (0.96 and 0.82, respectively) demonstrate the reliability of the techniques. The findings of this study support the theories of bone remodeling reported in histological, implant-based, and landmark studies of mandibular growth.
Temple University--Theses
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Harrison, Ryan K. S. "Investigating the Relationships Between Material Properties and Microstructural Shapes as Quantified by Moment Invariants." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1162.
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The analysis of microstructural shapes is an underutilized tool in the field of materials science. Typical observations of morphology are qualitative, rather than quantitative, which prevents the identification of relationships between shape and the mechanical properties of a material. Recent advances in the fields of computer vision and high-dimensional analysis have made computer-based shape characterization feasible on a variety of materials. In this work, the relationship between microstructural shapes, and the properties and function of the material as a whole, is explored using moment invariants as global shape descriptors. A diifferent relationship is examined in each of three material systems: how the three-dimensional shapes of cells in the cotyledons of the plant Arabidopsis Thaliana can be used to identify cell function; the two-dimensional shapes of additive manufacturing feedstock powder and the ability to distinguish between images of powders from different samples; and the two-dimensional shapes of ' precipitates and their influence on the creep resistance of single crystal nickel-base superalloys. In the case of Arabidopsis Thaliana cotyledon cells, three-dimensional Zernike and Cartesian moment invariants were used to quantify morphology, and combined with size and orientation information. These feature sets were then analyzed using unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods. Moderate success was found using unsupervised methods, indicating that natural delineations in the data correlate to cell roles to some degree. Using supervised methods, a success rate of 90% was possible, indicating that these features can be used to identify cell function. The ability of two-dimensional Cartesian moment invariants to distinguish meaningful features in particles of additive manufacturing feedstock was tested by using these features to classify images of feedstock. Ultimately, simple histogram matching methods were unsuccessful, likely because they rely on the most common particles to draw conclusions. A bag-of-words method was used, which uses high-dimensional visualization and clustering techniques to classify individual particles by common features. Histograms of particle clusters are then used to represent each image. This method was far more successful, and a correct classification rate of up to 90% was found, and comparable rates were discovered using invariants which describe the shapes only broadly. This indicates that moment invariants are an effective measure of the morphologies of these types of particles, and can be used to classify powder shapes, which control many properties which are relevant to the additive manufacturing process. In the case of the superalloys, it has been shown that the shape distribution of ' precipitates can be tracked using second order moment invariants. In addition, several loworder moment invariants are shown to correlate to creep resistance in four alloys examined, which supports the idea that the shape of precipitates plays role in determining creep resistance in these alloys.
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Hermann, Simon Maximilian [Verfasser]. "Visual analytics methods for shape analysis of biomedical images exemplified on rodent skull morphology / Simon Maximilian Hermann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139048864/34.
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Vandenbussche, Pierre. "Otolithes et bioindication : conséquence d’un stress environnemental sur la morphologie des sagittae de Dicentrarchus labrax et Oblada melanura." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4122/document.
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Le but de notre étude était de valider un indicateur de la qualité de l’environnement, parmi trois approches : des mesures morphologiques de juvéniles de poissons ; la quantification de l’asymétrie fluctuante de leurs otolithes ; l’analyse de la forme de leurs otolithes. Les résultats in aquaria sur Dicentrarchus labrax ont montré une absence d’effet de mono contaminations par des polluants classiques comme le phosphore ou le zinc, à des concentrations correspondant à celles in situ en zones fortement anthropisées. Des concentrations plus élevées de zinc ont toutefois induit une modification de la forme des otolithes en plus d’un effet négatif sur la taille et le poids. Par nos prélèvement in situ sur trois ans d’Oblada melanura, nous avons mis en évidence de manière reproductible que, comparativement à des sites préservés et des arrivées de petits cours d’eau, des ports de plaisance de taille moyenne ont un effet négatif sur la longueur standard des juvéniles et induisent une modification de la forme de leurs otolithes. De l’ensemble de nos résultats nous pouvons déduire que tailles et poids sont facilement mesurables mais présentent des variabilités dans leurs réponses. La mesure de l’asymétrie des otolithes de juvéniles ne semble pas adaptée à une utilisation en bioindication. Au contraire, l’analyse de formes des sagittae de juvéniles paraît adaptée pour suivre des modifications de l’environnement pour des poissons de deux familles différentes, Moronidés et Sparidés. Cette analyse semble un outil prometteur en bioindication, applicable pour les gestionnaires de l’environnementThe aim of our study was to validate the most suitable environmental indicator among three approaches: morphological measurements of fish juveniles; quantification of the fluctuating asymmetry of their otoliths; analysis of their otolith shape. In aquaria, results for Dicentrarchus labrax have shown that mono-contamination by classical pollutants, such as phosphorus or zinc, has no effect for concentrations corresponding to those measured in highly anthropized environments. Nevertheless, higher zinc concentrations induce otolith shape alterations in addition to their negative impact on fish size and weight. On the basis of our three-year in situ Oblada melanura samplings, we have demonstrated that, in a replicable manner, compared to preserved areas and small waterway mouths, mid-size recreational harbours negatively impact juvenile standard length and also alter otolith shape. By comparison with in aquaria results, these alterations are consistent with a synergy of disturbance sources which taken independently do not have any impact. Taking into account all our results, we deduce that size and weight are easy to measure but show response variability. Measurement of fish juvenile otoliths' fluctuating asymmetry does not seem to be suitable for use in bioindication. Conversely, fish juvenile sagittae shape analysis is well-suited to surveys of environmental modifications, for fishes from two different families, Moronidae and Sparidae. This analysis seems to be a promising tool for bioindication, with a practical application for environmental managers
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Mayer, Jürgen. "Investigation of the biophysical basis for cell organelle morphology." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26600.
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It is known that fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe maintains its nuclear envelope during mitosis and it undergoes an interesting shape change during cell division - from a spherical via an ellipsoidal and a peanut-like to a dumb-bell shape. However, the biomechanical system behind this amazing transformation is still not understood. What we know is, that the shape must change due to forces acting on the membrane surrounding the nucleus and the microtubule based mitotic spindle is thought to play a key role. To estimate the locations and directions of the forces, the shape of the nucleus was recorded by confocal light microscopy. But such data is often inhomogeneously labeled with gaps in the boundary, making classical segmentation impractical. In order to accurately determine the shape we developed a global parametric shape description method, based on a Fourier coordinate expansion. The method implicitly assumes a closed and smooth surface. We will calculate the geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional shape and extend it to 3-dimensional properties, assuming rotational symmetry.
Using a mechanical model for the lipid bilayer and the so called Helfrich-Canham free energy we want to calculate the minimum energy shape while respecting system-specific constraints to the surface and the enclosed volume. Comparing it with the observed shape leads to the forces. This provides the needed research tools to study forces based on images.
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Mayer, Jürgen. "Investigation of the biophysical basis for cell organelle morphology." Master's thesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25225.
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It is known that fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe maintains its nuclear envelope during mitosis and it undergoes an interesting shape change during cell division - from a spherical via an ellipsoidal and a peanut-like to a dumb-bell shape. However, the biomechanical system behind this amazing transformation is still not understood. What we know is, that the shape must change due to forces acting on the membrane surrounding the nucleus and the microtubule based mitotic spindle is thought to play a key role. To estimate the locations and directions of the forces, the shape of the nucleus was recorded by confocal light microscopy. But such data is often inhomogeneously labeled with gaps in the boundary, making classical segmentation impractical. In order to accurately determine the shape we developed a global parametric shape description method, based on a Fourier coordinate expansion. The method implicitly assumes a closed and smooth surface. We will calculate the geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional shape and extend it to 3-dimensional properties, assuming rotational symmetry.
Using a mechanical model for the lipid bilayer and the so called Helfrich-Canham free energy we want to calculate the minimum energy shape while respecting system-specific constraints to the surface and the enclosed volume. Comparing it with the observed shape leads to the forces. This provides the needed research tools to study forces based on images.
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Lindner, Claudia. "Statistical shape analysis of the proximal femur : development of a fully automatic segmentation system and its applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/statistical-shape-analysis-of-the-proximal-femur-development-of-a-fully-automatic-segmentation-system-and-its-applications(b36076bd-32da-4b00-9518-d05060aaa594).html.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of human joint disease causing significant pain and disability. Current treatment for hip OA is limited to pain management and joint replacement for end-stage disease. The development of methods for early diagnosis and new treatment options are urgently needed to minimise the impact of the disease. Studies of hip OA have shown that hip joint morphology correlates with susceptibility to hip OA and disease progression. Bone shape analyses play an important role in disease diagnosis, pre-operative planning, and treatment analysis as well as in epidemiological studies aimed at identifying risk factors for hip OA. Statistical Shape Models (SSMs) are being increasingly applied to imaging-based bone shape analyses as they provide a means of quantitatively describing the global shape of the bone. This is in contrast to conventional clinical and research practice where the analysis of bone shape is reduced to a series of measurements of lengths and angles. This thesis describes the development of a novel fully automatic software system that segments the proximal femur from anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs by densely placing 65 points along its contour. These annotations can then be used for the detailed morphometric analysis of proximal femur shape. The performance of the system was evaluated on a large dataset of 839 radiographs of mixed quality. Achieving a mean point-to-curve error of less than 0.9mm for 99% of all 839 AP pelvic radiographs, this is the most accurate and robust automatic method for segmenting the proximal femur in two-dimensional radiographs yet published. The system was also applied to a number of morphometric analyses of the proximal femur, showing that SSM-based radiographic proximal femur shape significantly differs between males and females, and is highly symmetric between the left and right hip joint of an individual. In addition, the research described in this thesis demonstrates how the point annotations resulting from the system can be used for univariate and multivariate genetic association analyses, identifying three novel genetic variants that contribute to radiographic proximal femur shape while also showing an association with hip OA.The developed system will facilitate complex morphometric and genetic analyses of shape variation of the proximal femur across large datasets, paving the way for the development of new options to diagnose, treat and prevent hip OA.
Books on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Mutational and morphological analysis: Tools for shape evolution and morphogenesis. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1999.
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International Symposium of Biological Shape Analysis (3rd 2013 Tōkyō Daigaku). Biological shape analysis: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium, University of Tokyo, Japan, 14-17 June 2013. Edited by Lestrel Pete E. Hoboken], New Jersey: World Scientific, 2015.
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Glanville, Peter John. The Lexical Semantics of the Arabic Verb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.001.0001.
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This book is an investigation of Arabic derivational morphology that focuses on the relationship between verb meaning and linguistic form. Beginning with the ground form, the book offers a comprehensive analysis of the most common verb patterns of Arabic from a lexical semantic perspective. Peter Glanville explains why verbs with seemingly unrelated meanings share the same phonological shape, and analyses sets of words that contain the same consonantal root to arrive at a common abstraction. He uses both contemporary and historical data to explore the semantics of reflexivity, symmetry, causation, and repetition, and argues that the verb patterns of Arabic that express these phenomena have come about as the result of grammaticalization and analogical processes that are common crosslinguistically. The book adopts an approach to morphology in which rule-based derivation has created word patterns and consonantal roots, with the result that in some derivations roots may be extracted from a source word and plugged in to a pattern. It illustrates the semantic relationship between a source word and its derivative, while also offering evidence to support the view of the consonantal root as a morphological object.
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Aspden, Richard, and Jenny Gregory. Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0011.
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The study of joint morphology can help us to understand the risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA), how it progresses, and aids in developing imaging biomarkers for study of the disease. OA results in gross structural changes in affected joints. Growth of osteophytes, deformation of joint components, and loss of joint space where cartilage has broken down are all characteristics of the disorder. Certain bone shapes as well as malalignment predispose people to future OA, or may be a marker for early OA. Geometrical measures, such as the alpha angle or Wiberg’s CE angle, used to be the primary tool for investigating morphology. In recent years, however, statistical shape modelling (SSM) has become increasingly popular. SSM can be used with any imaging modality and has been successfully applied to a number of musculoskeletal conditions. It uses sets of landmark points denoting the anatomy of one or more bones to generate new variables (modes) that describe and quantify the shape variation in a set of images via principal components analysis. With the aid of automated search algorithms for point placement, the use of SSMs is expanding and provides a valuable and versatile tool for exploration of bone and joint morphometry. Whilst the majority of research has focused on hip and knee OA, this chapter provides an overview of joint morphology through the whole skeleton and how it has helped our ability to understand and quantify the risk and progression of osteoarthritis.
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An Invariant Approach to Statistical Analysis of Shapes. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2001.
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Talbot, Hugues, and Richard Beare. Mathematical Morphology. CSIRO Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643107342.
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Mathematical morphology is a powerful methodology for processing and analysing the shape and form of objects in images. The advances in this area of science allow for application in the digital recognition and modeling of faces and other objects by computers.
Mathematical Morphology is comprehensive work that provides a broad sampling of the most recent theoretical and practical developments in applications to image processing and analysis. Subject areas covered include: binary morphology, regularised region growing, morphological scale-space techniques, levelings, reconstruction, modeling and simulation, and applications as diverse as medicine, forestry and geology.
This fascinating research will be of great interest to engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians and statisticians whose research work is focussed on the theoretical and practical aspects of non-linear image processing and analysis. The content stems from the proceedings of the VIth International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, held April 3–5, 2002 in Sydney, Australia.
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Lestrel, Pete E. Biological Shape Analysis: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium, School of Dentistry, UCLA, 19-22 June, 2015. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2017.
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Kageyama, Taro, Peter E. Hook, and Prashant Pardeshi, eds. Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759508.001.0001.
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This volume presents a detailed survey of the systems of verb-verb complexes in Asian languages from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Many Asian languages share, to a greater or lesser extent, a unique class of compound verbs each consisting of a main verb and a quasi-auxiliary verb known as a ‘vector’ or ‘explicator’. These quasi-auxiliary verbs exhibit unique grammatical behavior that suggests that they have an intermediate status between full lexical verbs and wholly reduced auxiliaries. They are also semantically unique, in that when they are combined with main verbs, they can convey a rich variety of functional meanings beyond the traditional notions of tense, aspect, and modality, such as manner and intensity of action, benefaction for speaker or hearer, and polite or derogatory styles in speech. In this book, leading specialists in a range of Asian languages offer an in-depth analysis of the longstanding questions relating to the diachrony and geographical distribution of verb-verb complexes. The findings have implications for the general understanding of the grammaticalization of verb categories, complex predicate formation, aktionsart and event semantics, the morphology-syntax-semantics interface, areal linguistics, and typology.
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Dresher, B. Elan, and Harry van der Hulst, eds. The Oxford History of Phonology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796800.001.0001.
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This volume is an up-to-date history of phonology from the earliest known examples of phonological thinking through the rise of phonology as a field in the 20th century and up to the present time. The volume is divided into five parts. Part I, Early insights in phonology, begins with writing systems and has chapters devoted to the great ancient and medieval intellectual traditions of phonological thought that form the foundation of later thinking and continue to enrich phonological theory. Part II, The founders of phonology, describes the important schools and individuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who shaped phonology as an organized scientific field. Part III takes up Mid-twentieth-century developments in phonology in the Soviet Union, Northern and Western Europe, and North America; it continues with precursors to generative grammar, and culminates in a chapter on Chomsky & Halle’s The Sound Pattern of English (SPE). Part IV, Phonology after SPE, shows how phonological theorists responded to SPE with respect to derivations, representations, and phonology-morphology interaction. Theories discussed include Dependency Phonology, Government Phonology, Constraint-and-Repair theories, and Optimality Theory. This part ends with a chapter on the study of variation. Part V, New methods and approaches, has chapters on phonetic explanation, corpora and phonological analysis, probabilistic phonology, computational modelling, models of phonological learning, and the evolution of phonology. This exploration of the history of phonology from various viewpoints provides new perspectives on where phonology has been and throws light on where it is going.
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Christiansen, Michaeol G., and Richard K. Stucky. Revision of the Wind River Faunas, Early Eocene of Central Wyoming. Part 15. New Nyctitheriidae (?Lipotyphla) with Analysis of the Relationships of North American Taxa. Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55485/xmjs8079.
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Among the fossilized remains of early Eocene mammals collected from the Buck Spring Quarries of Wyoming are the dentitions of several previously undescribed nyctitheriids. Comparison of this material (from the Lost Cabin Member of the Wind River Formation, late Wasatchian Land Mammal Age (LMA), Lost cabinian Land Mammal Subage (LMSA, Wa-7)) to closely related taxa requires the description of a new genus and species of nyctitheres, Acrodentis rosenorum, as well as a new species of Nyctitherium, N. krishtalkai. A. rosenorumis similar to closely related Nyctitherium and Leptacodon, but is set apart by its distinctively shaped anterodorsally curving paraconid, together with a protoconid and metaconid that project away from one another forming an open trigonid. In the upper teeth, the paracone and metacone also project in slightly different directions, suggesting the association of upper and lower molar morphology. The protocone is nearly centered laterally between the paracone and metacone, unlike Leptacodon, and the hypoconal shelf is less broadly expanded than in Nyctitherium. N. krishtalkai, though similar to N. velox and N. serotinum, differs from these species in that the cristid obliqua terminates where it strikes the postvallid, the hypoconulid does not as closely twin the entoconid, and the entoconid occurs slightly higher than the hypoconid. In the upper teeth, the conules and conular wings are more developed than in previously described species, the hypocones, though broadly expanded into shelves on M1–2, are less developed, and the paracone and metacone of M3are less reduced. The evolutionary context of these two new groups was investigated with a cladistic analysis based on dental characters, including species from the described genera Nyctitherium, Leptacodon, Plagioctenodon, Plagioctenoides, Pontifactor, Wyonycteris, and Limaconyssus. Palaeictopsspp. served as the outgroup. The results of this analysis suggest a close relationship between Acrodentis, Leptacodon, and Nyctitherium, in which A. rosenorumappears closely related to an ancestor intermediate between Leptacodon and Nyctitherium. N. krishtalkaiis the most primitive of its genus and is the most closely related to A. rosenorum. Whereas a cladistic analysis involving only nyctitheres should not be used as basis to divide the family, two major clades within the Nyctitheriidae of North America may exist: one including the genera Leptacodon, Plagioctenodon, Nyctitherium, and Acrodentisand the other including Wyonycteris, Limaconyssus, and “Plagioctenoides.”
Book chapters on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Behuet, Sabrina, Sebastian Bludau, Olga Kedo, Christian Schiffer, Timo Dickscheid, Andrea Brandstetter, Philippe Massicotte, Mona Omidyeganeh, Alan Evans, and Katrin Amunts. "A High-Resolution Model of the Human Entorhinal Cortex in the ‘BigBrain’ – Use Case for Machine Learning and 3D Analyses." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_1.
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AbstractThe ‘BigBrain’ is a high-resolution data set of the human brain that enables three-dimensional (3D) analyses with a 20 µm spatial resolution at nearly cellular level. We use this data set to explore pre-α (cell) islands of layer 2 in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which are early affected in Alzheimer’s disease and have therefore been the focus of research for many years. They appear mostly in a round and elongated shape as shown in microscopic studies. Some studies suggested that islands may be interconnected based on analyses of their shape and size in two-dimensional (2D) space. Here, we characterized morphological features (shape, size, and distribution) of pre-α islands in the ‘BigBrain’, based on 3D-reconstructions of gapless series of cell-body-stained sections. The EC was annotated manually, and a machine-learning tool was trained to identify and segment islands with subsequent visualization using high-performance computing (HPC). Islands were visualized as 3D surfaces and their geometry was analyzed. Their morphology was complex: they appeared to be composed of interconnected islands of different types found in 2D histological sections of EC, with various shapes in 3D. Differences in the rostral-to-caudal part of EC were identified by specific distribution and size of islands, with implications for connectivity and function of the EC. 3D compactness analysis found more round and complex islands than elongated ones. The present study represents a use case for studying large microscopic data sets. It provides reference data for studies, e.g. investigating neurodegenerative diseases, where specific alterations in layer 2 were previously reported.
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Lachaud, Jacques-Olivier. "Digital Shape Analysis with Maximal Segments." In Applications of Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology, 14–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32313-3_2.
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Angulo, Jesus. "A Mathematical Morphology Approach to Cell Shape Analysis." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2006, 543–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71992-2_87.
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Chen, Min, James C. Gee, Jessica I. W. Morgan, and Geoffrey K. Aguirre. "Shape Decomposition of Foveal Pit Morphology Using Scan Geometry Corrected OCT." In Ophthalmic Medical Image Analysis, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32956-3_9.
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Luengo-Oroz, Miguel A., Jesús Angulo, Georges Flandrin, and Jacques Klossa. "Mathematical Morphology in Polar-Logarithmic Coordinates. Application to Erythrocyte Shape Analysis." In Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, 199–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11492542_25.
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Masutani, Yoshitaka, Tsuyoshi Kurihara, Makoto Suzuki, and Takeyoshi Dohi. "Quantitative Vascular Shape Analysis for 3D MR-Angiography Using Mathematical Morphology." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 449–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49197-2_58.
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Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo, and Lucas J. van Vliet. "A Rotation-Invariant Morphology for Shape Analysis of Anisotropic Objects and Structures." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 378–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45129-3_34.
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Hannezo, Edouard, and Colinda L. G. J. Scheele. "A Guide Toward Multi-scale and Quantitative Branching Analysis in the Mammary Gland." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 183–205. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_12.
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AbstractThe mammary gland consists of a bilayered epithelial structure with an extensively branched morphology. The majority of this epithelial tree is laid down during puberty, during which actively proliferating terminal end buds repeatedly elongate and bifurcate to form the basic structure of the ductal tree. Mammary ducts consist of a basal and luminal cell layer with a multitude of identified sub-lineages within both layers. The understanding of how these different cell lineages are cooperatively driving branching morphogenesis is a problem of crossing multiple scales, as this requires information on the macroscopic branched structure of the gland, as well as data on single-cell dynamics driving the morphogenic program. Here we describe a method to combine genetic lineage tracing with whole-gland branching analysis. Quantitative data on the global organ structure can be used to derive a model for mammary gland branching morphogenesis and provide a backbone on which the dynamics of individual cell lineages can be simulated and compared to lineage-tracing approaches. Eventually, these quantitative models and experiments allow to understand the couplings between the macroscopic shape of the mammary gland and the underlying single-cell dynamics driving branching morphogenesis.
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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.
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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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"Methods of analysis." In Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny, 56–62. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203165171-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Tang, Renxiang, Sachin Govil, Charlène Mauger, Sanjeet Hegde, Jeffrey H. Omens, James C. Perry, and Andrew D. McCulloch. "Modeling Single Ventricle Morphology With a HLHS-Specific Biventricular Template to Enhance Statistical Shape and Biomechanics Analyses." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95115.
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Abstract Modeling the hearts of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has remained an ongoing challenge. Thus, in this work, we developed a HLHS-specific biventricular template to capture the single ventricle morphology in this cohort accurately and robustly. We have demonstrated that using the HLHS-specific template to reconstruct patient-specific models from cardiac magnetic resonance images result in significantly higher accuracy comparing to that of using the generic template. Additionally, element distortion in meshes created using the HLHS-specific template is compatible with meshes currently used for finite element analysis. Accurate 3D patient-specific models will serve as powerful tools for subsequent statistical shape and biomechanics analyses to provide insights into remodeling of ventricular shape and function and their potential association with clinical outcomes.
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Liao, H., A. Gammoudi, S. Costil, and C. Coddet. "Influence of Surface Laser Cleaning Combined with Substrate Preheating on the Splat Morphology." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p0883.
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Abstract The morphology of sprayed splat raises the coatings adhesion and the properties which are determined by the spraying parameters. A lot of studies in this field show that the substrate surface temperature is a very relevant factor for the splat shape: the hypotheses of substrate surface wetability and contamination or absorption layer on the surfaces are supported by the fact that the near disk-shaped splat can be obtained in increasing the substrate temperature. In the PROTAL process, a short duration pulse laser is used to ablate the substrate just before powder spraying. This ablation is powerful enough to eliminate the contaminations on the substrate surface and to improve the adhesion. In this study the analyses of NiAl splat morphology on polished TA6V substrate were carried out using PROTAL process with different substrate temperatures and different heating modes: the flame and another laser. Results show that the temperature at which the disk shaped splat can be obtained was decreased dramatically by PROTAL process and PROTAL process combined with another laser has increased the adhesion strength of the coatings.
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SERO, DZEMILA, MARK SHRIVER, DIRK VANDERMEULEN, and PETER CLAES. "A Phenotypically Driven Segmentation for 3-D Facial Morphology: Modularity of 3-D Faces Through Spectral Clustering." In 4th International Symposium on Biological Shape Analysis (ISBSA). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813225701_0011.
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Jian Wu, Jian-Lin Ma, Feng Ye, and Qun Wang. "Application of morphology-based contour shape interpolation for CT images sequence." In 2007 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icwapr.2007.4420670.
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Shirai, K., Y. Endo, A. Kitadai, S. Inoue, N. Kurushima, H. Baba, A. Watanabe, and M. Nakagawa. "Character Shape Restoration of Binarized Historical Documents by Smoothing via Geodesic Morphology." In 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2013.260.
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Xiang, Jianping, Sabareesh K. Natarajan, Markus Tremmel, Ding Ma, J. Mocco, Adnan Siddiqui, Elad I. Levy, and Hui Meng. "Hemodynamic Metrics Correlate With Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Status Better Than Morphologic Metrics." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19664.
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Given the considerable risk of treating unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs), as well as the known severe morbidity of aneurysm rupture, elucidating those aneurysms that require prophylactic treatment can be a quandary. Traditionally, decision-making to treat an unruptured aneurysm was largely based on the Size of the aneurysm, but recent studies have failed to show significant correlation of Size with IA rupture, and a large number of ruptured aneurysms are small in Size.[1] Consequently, shape-based morphologic metrics have been explored in current investigations, and complex shapes have been correlated with rupture.[1] With the advancement of 3D angiography, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, patient-specific hemodynamics analysis has become feasible. Intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic factors, including wall shear stress (WSS), impingement regions, and oscillatory shear index (OSI), have been proposed as indicators for IA rupture risk.[2, 3] No study has rigorously examined both morphology-based and hemodynamics-based parameters from a uniform cohort to compare their relative importance. Our aim, therefore, was to identify significant morphologic and hemodynamic parameters that correlate with an aneurysm’s rupture status and examine whether hemodynamic parameters can separate ruptured and unruptured aneurysms better than morphologic parameters.
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Ascari, Alessandro, Alessandro Fortunato, Erica Liverani, and Adrian H. A. Lutey. "Laser Direct Energy Deposition Welding of AISI 316 Stainless Steel Sheets." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2779.
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Abstract The present paper assesses the applicability of laser powder direct energy deposition for welding of thin stainless steel sheets. Considering the rapid development of laser cladding and relatively wide range of equipment available in modern industrial settings, this technology can also be applied to laser welding, where the procedure is performed with a filler material comprising blown powder. To this end, an exhaustive experimental campaign has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the influence of the main process parameters, including laser power and powder feed rate, on the resulting weld bead characteristics. Two joint configurations have also been considered to assess the best solution in terms of both chamfer shape and sheet positioning. Butt and lap joints were prepared, with 30° and 45° V-groove configurations tested and characterized in the former case. In order to assess the resulting weld quality, metallographic analyses were carried out to measure the main morphological parameters of the weld beads, including width, penetration depth and reinforcement, and to evaluate the possible presence of defects such as pores, cracks or lack of melting. Tensile tests were also carried out with the purpose of characterizing the overall mechanical performance of the joints. These tests demonstrated good overall process feasibility and highlighted the fact that lap joints and 30° V-groove butt joints were the best configurations in terms of both weld bead quality and fused zone morphology.
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de Nardo, Luigi, Sabrina De Cicco, Matteo Jovenitti, Maria C. Tanzi, and Silvia Fare`. "Shape Memory Polymer Porous Structures for Mini-Invasive Surgical Procedures." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95559.
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In the recent past, clinical procedures underwent huge modifications. Among them, mini-invasive surgery has modified the clinical practice and the quality of life of patients. All these evolutions are strictly correlated to the advancement in materials science. Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs), a novel class of stimuli-responsive materials, can be considered ideal candidates for the design of devices for mini-invasive surgery. Such devices can be inserted in a compact temporary shape and subsequently expanded at body temperature: a bone defect, e.g., could be filled by a filler made of SMPs. With the aim of promoting tissue integration and healing, these structures should present a suitable porosity. In this work two different processing techniques to obtain shape memory polymer scaffolds from Calo·MER™, a SMP, are presented. Porous structures were obtained by micro-extrusion, with different chemical expanding agents or by particulate leaching with salt. Morphology, thermo-mechanical and shape recovery properties of the SMP porous samples were investigated. The obtained foams show a well interconnected morphology, with a pore size in the range suitable for bone applications. Shape memory properties were not significantly affected by the transformation processes: a good ability of recovering the original shape was verified. Therefore, foams obtained from these materials could be used to fabricate devices for mini-invasive surgical procedures.
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Mitra, Anirban, Somasis Roy, and Sanjit Kumar Setua. "Shape analysis of decisive objects from an image using mathematical morphology." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Information Technology (C3IT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/c3it.2015.7060220.
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Pai, Tun-Wen, Keh-Hwa Shyu, Ling-Fan Chen, and Gwo-Chin Tai. "Mathematical morphology-based shape feature analysis for Chinese character recognition systems." In Visual Communications and Image Processing '95, edited by Lance T. Wu. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.206798.
Full textReports on the topic "Shape morphology analyses"
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Huang, Haohang, Erol Tutumluer, Jiayi Luo, Kelin Ding, Issam Qamhia, and John Hart. 3D Image Analysis Using Deep Learning for Size and Shape Characterization of Stockpile Riprap Aggregates—Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-017.
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Riprap rock and aggregates are extensively used in structural, transportation, geotechnical, and hydraulic engineering applications. Field determination of morphological properties of aggregates such as size and shape can greatly facilitate the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process for proper aggregate material selection and engineering use. Many aggregate imaging approaches have been developed to characterize the size and morphology of individual aggregates by computer vision. However, 3D field characterization of aggregate particle morphology is challenging both during the quarry production process and at construction sites, particularly for aggregates in stockpile form. This research study presents a 3D reconstruction-segmentation-completion approach based on deep learning techniques by combining three developed research components: field 3D reconstruction procedures, 3D stockpile instance segmentation, and 3D shape completion. The approach was designed to reconstruct aggregate stockpiles from multi-view images, segment the stockpile into individual instances, and predict the unseen side of each instance (particle) based on the partial visible shapes. Based on the dataset constructed from individual aggregate models, a state-of-the-art 3D instance segmentation network and a 3D shape completion network were implemented and trained, respectively. The application of the integrated approach was demonstrated on re-engineered stockpiles and field stockpiles. The validation of results using ground-truth measurements showed satisfactory algorithm performance in capturing and predicting the unseen sides of aggregates. The algorithms are integrated into a software application with a user-friendly graphical user interface. Based on the findings of this study, this stockpile aggregate analysis approach is envisioned to provide efficient field evaluation of aggregate stockpiles by offering convenient and reliable solutions for on-site QA/QC tasks of riprap rock and aggregate stockpiles.
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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from Composition B mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45260.
Full textAbstract:
Empirical measurements of the spatial distribution, particle-size distribution, mass, morphology, and energetic composition of particles from low-order (LO) detonations are critical to accurately characterizing environ-mental impacts on military training ranges. This study demonstrated a method of generating and characterizing LO-detonation particles, previously applied to insensitive munitions, to 81 mm mortar rounds containing the conventional explosive formulation Composition B. The three sampled rounds had estimated detonation efficiencies ranging from 64% to 82% as measured by sampled residual energetic material. For all sampled rounds, energetic deposition rates were highest closer to the point of detonation; however, the mass per radial meter varied. The majority of particles (>60%), by mass, were <2 mm in size. However, the spatial distribution of the <2 mm particles from the point of detonation varied be-tween the three sampled rounds. In addition to the particle-size-distribution results, several method performance observations were made, including command-detonation configurations, sampling quality control, particle-shape influence on laser-diffraction particle-size analysis (LD-PSA), and energetic purity trends. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of Composition B LO-detonation particles from command detonation through combined analysis by LD-PSA and sieving.
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Fridman, Eyal, and Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides: Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and that a key enzyme. designated MethylketoneSynthase 1 (MKS 1). catalyzes conversion of the intermediate B-ketoacyl- ACPs to the corresponding Cn-1 methylketones. The approach taken in this proposed project was to use an interspecific F2 population. derived from the cross between the cultivated lV182 and the wild species PIl26449. for three objectives: (i) Analyze the association between allelic status of candidate genes from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway with the methylketone content in the leaves (ii) Perform bulk segregant analysis of genetic markers along the tomato genome for identifying genomic regions that harbor QTLs for 2TD content (iii) Apply differential gene expression analysis using the isolated glands of bulk segregant for identifying new genes that are involved in the pathway. The genetic mapping in the interspecific F2 population included app. 60 genetic markers, including the candidate genes from the FAS pathway and SSR markers spread evenly across the genome. This initial; screening identified 5 loci associated with MK content including the candidate genes MKS1, ACC and MaCoA:ACP trans. Interesting observation in this genetic analysis was the connection between shape and content of the glands, i.e. the globularity of the four cells, typical to the wild species. was associated with increased MK in the segregating population. In the next step of the research transcriptomic analysis of trichomes from high- and 10w-MK plants was conducted. This analysis identified a new gene, Methy1ketone synthase 2 (MKS2), whose protein product share sequence similarity to the thioesterase super family of hot-dog enzymes. Genetic analysis in the segregating population confirmed its association with MK content, as well as its overexpression in E. coli that led to formation of MK in the media. There are several conclusions drawn from this research project: (i) the genetic control of MK accumulation in the trichomes is composed of biochemical components in the FAS pathway and its vicinity (MKS 1 and MKS2). as well as genetic factors that mediate the morphology of these specialized cells. (ii) the biochemical pathway is now realized different from what was hypothesized before with MKS2 working upstream to I\1KS 1 and serves as the interface between primary (fatty acids) and secondary (MK) metabolism. We are currently testing the possible physical interactions between these two proteins in vitro after the genetic analysis showed clear epistatic interactions. (iii) the regulation of the pathway that lead to specialized metabolism in the wild species is largely mediated by transcription and one of the achievements of this project is that we were able to isolate and verify the specificity of the MKS1 promoter to the trichomes which allows manipulation of the pathways in these cells (currently in progress). The scientific implications of this research project is the advancement in our knowledge of hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in plants and new leads for studying a new family in plants (hot dog thioesterase). The agricultural and biotechnological implication are : (i) generation of new genetic markers that could assist in importing this pathway to cultivated tomato hence enhancing its natural resistance to insecticides, (ii) the discovery of MKS2 adds a new gene for genetic engineering of plants for making new fatty acid derived compounds. This could be assisted with the use of the isolated and verified MKS1 promoter. The results of this research were summarized to a manuscript that was published in Plant Physiology (cover paper). to a chapter in a proceeding book. and one patent was submitted in the US.
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
Full textAbstract:
A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.