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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shape interrogation

Academic literature on the topic 'Shape interrogation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shape interrogation"

1

Abrams, S. L., L. Bardis, C. Chryssostomidis, N. M. Patrikalakis, S. T. Tuohy, F. E. Wolter, and J. Zhou. "The Geometric Modeling and Interrogation System Praxiteles." Journal of Ship Production 11, no. 02 (May 1, 1995): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1995.11.2.117.

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After establishment of design requirements and creation of an initial shape, the design process of free form shapes should include interrogation and fairing until a desired shape, with appropriate geometric and performance characteristics, is achieved. Afterwards, the quality of the manufactured product can be determined by comparing measured data with the design model. To permit automated design and manufacturing, mathematical methods and algorithms for the creation, interrogation, fairing, and inspection of curves and surfaces have been developed and integrated into a computer system called Praxiteles. The general layout of Praxiteles, along with a description of design capabilities, is presented. This description covers the areas of input, output, approximation and conversion for data exchange, a summary of some shape creation methods, and a description of some advanced interactive interrogation, fairing, and inspection methods for NURBS curves and surfaces. Examples illustrate some of the features of the system, as applied in the design and inspection of marine propellers. Recommendations for future development of the system are also presented.

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Hoffmann, C. M., and N. F. Stewart. "Accuracy and semantics in shape-interrogation applications." Graphical Models 67, no. 5 (September 2005): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2005.01.001.

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Gabrielides, Nikolaos C., and Nickolas S. Sapidis. "Numerical Shape Interrogation of Planar Generalized Cubic Curves." Computer-Aided Design 146 (May 2022): 103234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2022.103234.

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Gobithaasan, R. U., and Kenjiro T. Miura. "Logarithmic curvature graph as a shape interrogation tool." Applied Mathematical Sciences 8 (2014): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2014.312709.

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Maekawa, T., F. E. Wolter, and N. M. Patrikalakis. "Umbilics and lines of curvature for shape interrogation." Computer Aided Geometric Design 13, no. 2 (March 1996): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8396(95)00018-6.

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Gürsoy, H. N., and N. M. Patrikalakis. "Automated interrogation and adaptive subdivision of shape using medial axis transform." Advances in Engineering Software and Workstations 13, no. 5-6 (September 1991): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-3552(91)90033-z.

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Lindner, Miriam. "Public Reactions to Male Versus Female Terrorism: Experimental Evidence for the Male Warrior Hypothesis." Evolutionary Psychology 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 147470491876457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704918764578.

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One of the most consistent findings in the domain of criminal justice is that female and male offenders are perceived differently, often resulting in milder sentencing of women compared to men. Although previous studies have sought to identify factors that shape public reactions to terrorism and support for harsh interrogation techniques in its aftermath, empirical studies on differential reactions to female (vs. male) terrorist violence remain scarce. Here, it is argued that the often-violent evolutionary history of our species has shaped the way in which we perceive and react to female (vs. male) terrorist violence. Based on the framework of coalitional psychology—and specifically, the male warrior hypothesis—the assumption is tested that terror-suspect sex, in interaction with other threat cues such as in- or out-group membership and size of coalition, affects support for interrogational torture. This prediction was tested by conducting a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of 2,126 U.S. adults. Results demonstrated that terror-suspect sex significantly shapes reactions to and perceptions of terrorist violence. Further, nuanced responses based on respondent sex revealed that these associations were exclusively driven by male participants. Gender attitudes and mere punitiveness did not account for the findings, suggesting that male coalitional psychology is deeply ingrained and readily activated by cues implying intergroup conflict.

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Debnath, P. P., M. G. Rashed, D. Das, and M. R. Basar. "Smart Interrogation System by Detection of Visual Focus of Attention." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.47481.

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The paper presents an approach to detect and control the focus of attention of the suspect using his/her eye gaze and head movement direction to build up an automatic interrogation system- specially to detect lies. To this point, we classified interrogation conversation into different criteria and identified the fatal ones. At first, we conducted psychological experiments on the sampled population to detect the different parameters connected with various symptoms when the suspect tells lies and build our knowledgebase with the results. This knowledgebase helps the system to make strategic decisions and to optimize accuracy. A monitoring camera captures continuous interrogation and feeds the frames to our proposed system. 3D head tracker is used to track the head from image and Active Shape Model (ASM) is utilized to localize face points. Vector Field of Image Gradient (VFIG) is calculated to track the eyeball and its rotation within the eye area. Random eye and head movement, change of eyebrow at the critical level of questionnaire provide us the possibility of detecting lies. Finally, experiments are conducted in a controlled environment to validate our psychological findings.

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Debnath, P. P., M. G. Rashed, D. Das, and M. R. Basar. "Smart Interrogation System by Detection of Visual Focus of Attention." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.47481.

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The paper presents an approach to detect and control the focus of attention of the suspect using his/her eye gaze and head movement direction to build up an automatic interrogation system- specially to detect lies. To this point, we classified interrogation conversation into different criteria and identified the fatal ones. At first, we conducted psychological experiments on the sampled population to detect the different parameters connected with various symptoms when the suspect tells lies and build our knowledgebase with the results. This knowledgebase helps the system to make strategic decisions and to optimize accuracy. A monitoring camera captures continuous interrogation and feeds the frames to our proposed system. 3D head tracker is used to track the head from image and Active Shape Model (ASM) is utilized to localize face points. Vector Field of Image Gradient (VFIG) is calculated to track the eyeball and its rotation within the eye area. Random eye and head movement, change of eyebrow at the critical level of questionnaire provide us the possibility of detecting lies. Finally, experiments are conducted in a controlled environment to validate our psychological findings.

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Jovanovic, I., A. Foster, V. Kukharev, M. Mayer, A. Meddeb, J. Nattress, Z. Ounaies, and C. Trivelpiece. "Spectroscopic neutron detection using composite scintillators." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602325.

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Shielded special nuclear material (SNM), especially highly enriched uranium, is exceptionally difficult to detect without the use of active interrogation (AI). We are investigating the potential use of low-dose active interrogation to realize simultaneous high-contrast imaging and photofission of SNM using energetic gamma-rays produced by low-energy nuclear reactions, such as [Formula: see text]B(d,n[Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C(p,p[Formula: see text]C. Neutrons produced via fission are one reliable signature of the presence of SNM and are usually identified by their unique timing characteristics, such as the delayed neutron die-away. Fast neutron spectroscopy may provide additional useful discriminating characteristics for SNM detection. Spectroscopic measurements can be conducted by recoil-based or thermalization and capture-gated detectors; the latter may offer unique advantages since they facilitate low-statistics and event-by-event neutron energy measurements without spectrum unfolding. We describe the results of the development and characterization of a new type of capture-gated spectroscopic neutron detector based on a composite of scintillating polyvinyltoluene and lithium-doped scintillating glass in the form of millimeter-thick rods. The detector achieves >108 neutron–gamma discrimination resulting from its geometric properties and material selection. The design facilitates simultaneous pulse shape and pulse height discrimination, despite the fact that no materials intrinsically capable of pulse shape discrimination have been used to construct the detector. Accurate single-event measurements of neutron energy may be possible even when the energy is relatively low, such as with delayed fission neutrons. Simulation and preliminary measurements using the new composite detector are described, including those conducted using radioisotope sources and the low-dose active interrogation system based on low-energy nuclear reactions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shape interrogation"

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Sherbrooke, Evan Conway. "3-D shape interrogation by medial axial transform." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11450.

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Gürsoy, Halit Nebi. "Shape interrogation by medial axis transform for automated analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13967.

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Jones, Ashley Richard. "A novel detection system using neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination, for use in active interrogation environments." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/84682/.

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Continuous improvements are being sought to identify special nuclear material more accurately. Active interrogation is a current field of research for this application, capable of penetrating shielding materials but which can feature a complex and challenging radiation field for detectors to operate in. This research was aimed at improving active interrogation techniques further by optimising experimental setups and procedures and reducing undesirable dead periods of acquisition which may be observed. The important outcomes from this research are listed below: • The creation of a new empirical fit to better represent the rising edge of pulses from both neutrons and gamma rays than the currently used Marrone fit (suited to the decay tail of pulses). • The ability to clearly distinguish a selection of gamma rays using this rise time technique post-processing previously acquired data consisting of a mixed radiation field. • The effect of angular orientation of liquid scintillators on FoM values after performing PSD techniques has been identified as well as sensitivity issues associated with the position of the nitrogen void within these detectors. • A novel gated organic plastic scintillator detector has been operated and controlled using a trigger circuit devised in this research. This circuit controlled whether the gated detector was active through the presence of light. • A radiation based detector was integrated with this trigger circuit controlling the gated detector by making the device inactive whenever a radiation count was observed.

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BOSCHIROLI, MARIA ALESSANDRA. "Local parametric bézier interpolants for triangular meshes: from polynomial to rational schemes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/27853.

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Problems of "Reverse Engineering" type are recurrent in Computer Aided (Geometric) Design (CA(G)D) and in computer graphics, in general. They consist in the reconstruction of objects from point clouds. In computer graphics, for visualisation purposes, for example, the existing solutions consist in triangulating the point data and then fitting them with planar triangles. The object is thus approximated by a piecewise linear surface, which is only C0 continuous. In order to obtain a smooth aspect a huge amount of triangles is necessary. Triangular meshes are widely used because they are sufficiently general to represent surfaces of arbitrary genus. The goal of this thesis, after having acquired an overview of the existing literature, was to present a scattered data interpolation method by means of polynomial and rational parametric surfaces in Bézier form of the lowest possible degree. Every method that tries to solve a data fitting problem encounters the same main difficulty: dealing with the smoothness of the surface. To be useful for surface design, a data fitting scheme must produce a smooth surface. After a brief introduction, in chapter 2 we analyse the existing continuous interpolatory curved shape surface schemes. They recently emerged to address specific requirements of the resource-limited hardware environments and to provide smooth surfaces by visually enhancing the resulting C0 surface by using as little information as possible. The bibliographic study allowed us also to analyse what is called vertex consistency problem. This problem is about the limitations involved when constructing G1-continuous surfaces by means of triangular Bézier patches. The G1 methods proposed until now in the literature either bypass the problem or find the way to construct the surface in such a way that it is solvable. In chapter 3, we briefly describe the interesting recently published solutions and we focus our attention on quadratic patches by analysing some particular G1-conditions and describing our first attempts to solve them. Then, in chapter 4 we treat G1 rational blend interpolatory schemes, i.e., those methods that use rational blends to construct the surface avoiding the vertex consistency problem. The study of the existing schemes allowed us to develop a new cubic polynomial Gregory patch. Its generalisation to a rational patch is currently a work in progress. The first results to improve the surface shape of our schemes on arbitrary meshes, preserving its good approximation behaviour and, possibly, keeping its computational cost as low as possible, are shown in chapter 5. Finally, in chapter 6 we conclude summarising and commenting the work presented in this thesis.

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Tsukayama, John K. "By any means necessary : an interpretive phenomenological analysis study of post 9/11 American abusive violence in Iraq." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4510.

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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.

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Books on the topic "Shape interrogation"

1

Barley, Stephen A. On the characterisation and interrogation of shape. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0.

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1953-, Maekawa Takashi, ed. Shape interrogation for computer aided design and manufacturing. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. Springer, 2009.

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Takashi Maekawa,Nicholas M. Patrikalakis. Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. Springer, 2010.

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Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (Mathematics and Visualization). Springer, 2002.

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Moore, Helen. The Shapes of Romance in the Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.66.

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The early modern period is often characterized as a time of energetic reshapings in literature, religion, and culture. Starting from the premise that the interrogation and reshaping of human subjects is also one of the key enterprises of late medieval and early modern romance, this article analyzes what Caxton might have meant in ascribing “humanyté” to Malory’sMorte Darthurand considers some of the re-formations practised on human “shapes,” or bodies, in Sidney’sArcadiaand Lodge’sRosalynd. It argues that romance’s exploration of the human, particularly the malleability of body and mind, facilitates the transformation of its own generic “shape.”

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Papanikolaou, Aristotle, and George E. Demacopoulos, eds. Fundamentalism or Tradition. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823285792.001.0001.

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Tradition, secularization and fundamentalism—all three categories are contested, yet in their contestation, they shape our sensibilities and are mutually implicated, the one with the others. The discussion around the mutually implicated meanings of the “secular” and “fundamentalism” bring to the foreground more than ever, and in a way unprecedented in the pre-modern context, the question of what it means to think and live as Tradition. The Orthodox theologians of the twentieth century, in particular, have always emphasized Tradition not as a dead letter but as a living presence of the Holy Spirit. But how can we discern when Tradition as living discernment is not fundamentalism? And what does it mean to think as a Tradition and live in Tradition when surrounded by something like the “secular”? The essays in this volume continue both the interrogation of the categories of the “secular” and “fundamentalism,” all the while either implicitly or explicitly exploring ways of thinking about tradition in relation to these interrogations. In this interrogation, however, one witnesses a consensus that whatever the secular or fundamentalism may mean, it is not Tradition, which is historical, particularistic, in motion, ambiguous and pluralistic, while simultaneously not being relativistic. If the wider debates about the secular and fundamentalism seem interminable and often frustrating, perhaps the real contribution of those discussions is a clearer sense of what it means to live and think like—to be as Tradition.

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Sanders, Rebecca. The Politics of Plausible Legality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870553.003.0001.

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After 9/11, the Bush administration and, to a lesser degree, the Obama administration authorized controversial interrogation, detention, trial, lethal targeting, and surveillance practices. At the same time, American officials frequently invoked legal norms to justify these policies. This chapter introduces the book’s central questions: how can we make sense of these attempts to legalize human rights abuses and how does law influence state violence? As initially outlined in this chapter, the book argues that national security legal cultures shape how political actors interpret, enact, and evade legal rules. In the global war on terror, a culture of legal rationalization pushed American authorities to construct plausible legality, or legal cover for contentious counterterrorism policies. This culture contrasts with cultures of exception and cultures of secrecy, which have shaped American national security practice in the past, as well as a culture of human rights favored by many international law and human rights advocates.

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Hall, Lucy B., Anna L. Weissman, and Laura J. Shepherd, eds. Troubling Motherhood. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190939182.001.0001.

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In global politics, women’s bodies are policed, objectified, surveilled, and feared, with particular attention paid to both their met or unmet procreative potential. By illuminating and interrogating representations and narratives of maternity, this volume shows how practices of global politics shape and are shaped by the gendered norms and institutions that underpin motherhood. The guiding theoretical idea in this volume is that motherhood matters in global politics. However - as with so many political phenomena coded ‘female’ in the binary cognitive architectures of the West - the diverse ways in which performances and practices of motherhood are constituted by and are constitutive of other dimensions of political life they are frequently obscured or assumed to be of little interest to scholars, policy makers, and practitioners. Featuring innovative and diverse interrogations of the politics of motherhood as an institution, this collection shows that maternality is troubled, complicated, and heterogeneous in global politics and thus performances and practices of motherhood warrant closer and more sustained scrutiny.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shape interrogation"

1

Hahmann, Stefanie, Alexander Belyaev, Laurent Busé, Gershon Elber, Bernard Mourrain, and Christian Rössl. "Shape Interrogation." In Mathematics and Visualization, 1–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33265-7_1.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Curve and Surface Interrogation." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 195–230. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_8.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Representation of Curves and Surfaces." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 1–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_1.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Geodesics." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 265–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_10.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Offset Curves and Surfaces." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 293–365. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_11.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Differential Geometry of Curves." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 35–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_2.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Differential Geometry of Surfaces." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 49–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_3.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Nonlinear Polynomial Solvers and Robustness Issues." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 73–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_4.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Intersection Problems." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 109–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_5.

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Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and Takashi Maekawa. "Differential Geometry of Intersection Curves." In Shape Interrogation for Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, 161–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04074-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shape interrogation"

1

Patrikalakis, N. M., and H. N. Gursoy. "Shape Interrogation by Medial Axis Transform." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0010.

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Abstract In this paper we develop a new interrogation method based on the medial axis transform to extract some important global shape characteristics from geometric representations. These shape characteristics include constrictions, maximum thickness points, and associated length scales; isolation of holes and their proximity information; and a set of topologically simple subdomains decomposing a complex domain. The algorithm we develop to compute the medial axis transform of planar multiply connected shapes with curved boundaries can automatically identify these characteristics. Higher level algorithms for generation of finite element meshes of planar multiply connected domains, adaptive triangulation and approximation of trimmed curved surface patches and other engineering applications using the medial axis transform are also discussed.

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Chang, Jack, Mark Ganter, and Duane Storti. "Interval Method for Interrogation of Implicit Solid Models." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14290.

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Abstract Computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems intended to support automated design and manufacturing applications such as shape generation and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) must provide not only methods for creating and editing models of objects to be manufactured, but also methods for interrogating the models. Interrogation refers to any process that derives information from the model. Typical interrogation tasks include determine surface area, volume or inertial properties, computing surface points and normals for rendering, and computing slice descriptions for SFF. While currently available commercial modeling systems generally employ a boundary representation (B-rep) implementation of solid modeling, research efforts have considered implicit modeling schemes as a potential source of improved robustness. Implicit implementations are available for a broad range of modeling operations, but interrogation operations have been widely considered too costly for many applications. This paper describes a method based on interval analysis for interrogating implicit solid models that aims at achieving both robustness and efficiency.

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AbdulKareem, Lokman A., Barry J. Azzopardi, Sebastian Thiele, Andrew Hunt, and Marco J. Da Silva. "Interrogation of Gas/Oil Flow in a Vertical Using Two Tomographic Techniques." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79840.

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Two tomographic techniques have been applied to the flow in a 67 mm internal diameter vertical pipe. One is Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) mounted on the outside of the non-conducting pipe wall. Another technique, known as the Wire Mesh Sensor (WMS) was used. The measuring systems provide time and cross-sectionally resolved information about the spatial distribution of the phases. The information can be used to obtain space and time averaged void fractions, radial profiles of time averaged void fraction and cross-sectional averaged time series of void fraction. Simultaneous measurements were made with the two techniques for gas superficial velocities of 0.05–5.5 m/s and liquid superficial velocities of 0–0.7 m/s with air and silicone oil as the fluids. Bubble, slug and churn flows were identified from the characteristic signatures of the Probability Density Functions of the cross-sectionally averaged void fraction. In addition, the detailed shape of individual large bubbles has been extracted. The output of both instruments shows clearly that the shapes of the large bubbles in slug flow are distinctly different from the smooth bullet-shaped. In this larger diameter pipe, the interface is much more disturbed. In addition, flow can be classified according to the sizes of bubbles present. Distributions of bubble sizes are presented and the fractions of gas flowing in different bubble sizes classes quantified.

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Leonard, John E., and Jami J. Shah. "Automatic Bar Stock Selection for Machining." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0068.

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Abstract Given a feature-based CAD model of a part’s geometry, the problem is to select the shape and size of bar stock from which the part can be made. It is assumed that standard stock shapes and sizes available in the workshop varies, so the task is to select the best suited stock geometry and cut-off length from the available inventory. Automatic workpiece selection involves the interrogation of a part database to determine the part’s shape characteristics, and to match the shape with available geometries. The requirements of a system to perform this task are presented along with several methods of determining the appropriate shape — GT coding, shrinking box, silhouette projection, point network, principal machining directions, and face extension. None of these methods is sufficiently robust by itself, so a combination of methods is required. Based on this hybrid technique, a system to perform automatic workpiece selection was designed and implemented. A coding scheme is used to select the workpiece shape, based on primary features and their relationships. Once the shape is selected, it is matched with available workpiece shapes. The workpiece is then sized using a version of the bounding box method.

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Langerak, Thomas R. "Instantiation and Manipulation of User-Defined Freeform Features." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49469.

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One of the sub-topics of CAD research is the topic of feature-based design. Features are characteristic parts of a shape to which functional or parameter information can be attached. By using features in a design process, high-level interrogation and editing of a shape model is enabled. It is widely accepted that feature-based design methods should be able to handle user-defined features. Much work has been done on the definition of features and the management of feature definitions, but very little work has been done on the instantiation of these features on a target shape, especially in the domain of freeform shape. This paper discusses the current literature on freeform feature-based design and identifies the issues that play a role in the instantiation and manipulation of freeform features on target shapes. Also, a general methodology is proposed for the instantiation and manipulation of freeform features. Finally, an implementation of the proposed methods and some application examples are given.

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Sarma, R., and D. Dutta. "Computing Equidistant Curves and Surfaces." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0413.

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Abstract The problem of computing equidistant curves and surfaces between a point and (i) a parametric curve and (ii) a parametric surface is considered. This problem is important since it can form a basis for further generalizations of the problem, viz., computing equidistant curves and surfaces between a pair of curves and a pair of surfaces. Engineering applications of such equidistant curves and surfaces include fluid flow analysis, mesh generation and shape interrogation.

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Fu, Qiang, and Zezhong C. Chen. "Medial Axis Transform of Planar Shapes With Free-Form Curve Boundary." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28903.

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Medial axis transform (MAT) is a very useful shape interrogation tool in NC tool path generation for pocket milling. This paper presents a new, efficient approach to calculating MATs of planar profiles with boundaries of free-form curves. The proposed approach is mainly based on profile boundary tracing and decomposition. By studying the basic elements of MAT and their geometric properties, several algorithms of finding contact circles are developed. The boundary tracing algorithm can handle profiles with/without internal holes. For a profile without internal holes, it is continuously divided into simpler sub-profiles while travelling along the boundary, and a tree data structure is adopted to keep track of the boundary decomposition process. For a profile with internal holes, it is divided into several simple profiles without internal holes. After generating the MAT of each simple profile, the completed MAT can be found by combining these MATs. This proposed approach is implemented and some illustrative samples are presented to demonstrate its advantages.

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Bishop, K. P., S. S. H. Naqvi, L. M. Milner, and J. R. McNeil. "Advances in the modeling of diffraction from latent image gratings." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tui6.

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As the photolithography field strives to obtain sub-half-micrometer geometries, the interrogation of latent images in photoresist is becoming increasingly important. A latent image is defined as the distribution of photoactive compound (PAC) concentration after exposure to radiation. The PAC concentration present in a photoresist layer after exposure determines the index of refraction of this layer. Photolithography simulation tools, such as PROLITH or SAMPLE, that model the PAC concentration can be utilized to provide a complete description of the index grating structure. Rigorous coupled-wave diffraction analysis is then used to model the scattered light from the latent image grating. The effects of focus and exposure conditions on the final line shape of the grating structure are of increasing importance in photolithography. By using the photolithography simulation tools, the effects of the focus and exposure conditions on the scattered light can now be considered. Also, processes that affect the latent image after the exposure step, such as post-exposure bake (PEB), can be considered. The theoretical results obtained illustrate how examination of scatter from a latent image grating enables the tracking of the effect of the focus, exposure, and PEB conditions.

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Henderson, Pamela, and Jacek Komenda. "A Metallographic Technique for High Temperature Creep Damage Assessment in Single Crystal Alloys." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-488.

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The use of single crystal (SX) nickel-base superalloys will increase in the future with the introduction of SX blades into large gas turbines for base-load electricity production. Prolonged periods of use at high temperatures may cause creep deformation and the assessment of damage can give large financial savings. A number of techniques can be applied for life assessment, e.g. calculations based on operational data, non-destructive testing or material interrogation, but because of the uncertainties involved the techniques are often used in combination. This paper describes a material interrogation (metallographic) technique for creep strain assessment in SX alloys. Creep tests have been performed at 950°C on the SX alloy CMSX-4 and quantitative microstructural studies performed on specimens interrupted at various levels of strain. It was found that the strengthening γ′-particles, initially cuboidal in shape, coalesced to form large plates or rafts normal to the applied stress. The γ-matrix phase also formed plates. CMSX-4 contains ∼ 70 vol % γ′-particles and after creep deformation the microstructure turned itself inside out, i.e. the gamma “matrix” became the isolated phase surrounded by the γ′-“particles”. This can cause problems for computerised image analysis, which in this case, were overcome with the choice of a suitable measurement parameter. The rafts reached their maximum length before 2% strain, but continued to thicken with increasing strain. Although of different dimensions, the aspect ratios (length/thickness ratio) of the gamma-prime rafts and the gamma plates were similar at similar levels of strain, increasing from ∼1 at zero strain to a maximum of ∼3 at about 1–2 % strain. Analysis of microstructural measurements from rafting studies on SX alloys presented in the literature showed that the aspect ratios of the γ- and γ′-phases were similar and that at a temperature of 950–1000°C a maximum length/thickness ratio of about 2.5–3.5 is reached at 1 to 2% creep strain. Measurement of gamma-prime raft or (or gamma plate) dimensions on longitudinal sections of blades is thus a suitable method for high temperature creep damage assessment of SX alloys. This gives a considerable advantage over conventional Ni-base superalloys whose microstructures are usually very stable with respect to increasing creep strain.

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Tachibana, Rintarou, and Takayuki Saito. "A Relationship Between the Motion of a Zigzagging Bubble and its Surrounding Liquid Motion." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-11010.

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In the present study, a mechanism of zigzagging bubble motion was experimentally and quantitatively investigated. We focused on a relationship between the bubble motion (gravity-center motion and surface motion) and its surrounding liquid motion. We visualized the bubble motion and its surrounding liquid motion simultaneously using IST (Infrared Shadow Technique) and SPIV (Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry). The interrogation areas were located just above a needle (just after bubble launch) to the first inversion of the zigzagging trajectory (transition from the linear to the zigzag). First, the bubble trajectory, the surface motion and the bubble inclination angle of major axis were obtained from the IST images. Second, the pseudo-3D motions (2D-3C velocity fields) of the surrounding liquid were calculated from the SPIV results. Based on the velocity data, we calculated the surrounding pressure field around the bubble by solving simplified Navier-Stokes Equation. Finally, from these results, we quantitatively discuss the close relationship between the bubble motion and its surrounding liquid motion. In particular, we discuss the mechanism of the zigzagging motion. At the inversion point, the shape deformation of the bubble and the fluctuation of the surrounding liquid motion show distinctive behavior. We tentatively consider that the zigzagging motion is caused by the periodical fluctuation of the bubble deformation (the surface motion and the inclination angle of major axis) and the surrounding liquid motion; i.e. the asymmetry of the surrounding liquid (velocity and pressure) induced by the bubble surface oscillation characterizes the zigzag motion.

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Reports on the topic "Shape interrogation"

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Davis, Eric. SWIFT - Shaped-Waveform Interrogation of Fluids Technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764861.

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