Journal articles: 'Shape Control'

1

FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "NANOPARTICLE SHAPE CONTROL." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 49 (2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n049.p010a.

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Koconis, David B., Låszló P. Kollår, and George S. Springer. "Shape Control of Composite Plates and Shells with Embedded Actuators. II. Desired Shape Specified." Journal of Composite Materials 28, no. 5 (1994): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839402800504.

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The changes in shapes of fiber-reinforced composite beams, plates and shells affected by embedded piezoelectric actuators were investigated. An analytical method was developed to determine the voltages needed to achieve a specified desired shape. The method is formulated on the basis of mathematical models using two-dimensional, linear, shallow shell theory including transverse shear effects which are important in the case of sandwich construction. The solution technique is a minimization of an error function which is a measure of the difference between the deformed shape caused by the application of voltages and the desired shape. A computationally efficient, user-friendly computer code was written which is suitable for performing the numerical calculations. The code, designated as SHAPE2, gives the voltages needed to achieve specified changes in shape. To validate the method and the computer code, results generated by the code were compared to existing analytical and experimental results. The predictions provided by the SHAPE2 code were in excellent agreement with the results of the other analyses and data.

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Katie, Lu. "Silver Nanoparticles: Reducing Environmental Toxicity Through Shape Control." ESSENCE International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation 9, no. 1 (2018): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.103.

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Nyirő -Kósa, Ilona, Dorottya Csákberényi Nagy, and Mihály Pósfai. "Size and shape control of precipitated magnetite nanoparticles." European Journal of Mineralogy 21, no. 2 (2009): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1920.

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Deckelnick, Klaus, Philip J. Herbert, and Michael Hinze. "A novel W^1,∞ approach to shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 28 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2021108.

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This article introduces a novel method for the implementation of shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains. We propose to use the shape derivative to determine deformation fields which represent steepest descent directions of the shape functional in the W1,∞-topology. The idea of our approach is demonstrated for shape optimisation of n-dimensional star-shaped domains, which we represent as functions defined on the unit (n − 1)-sphere. In this setting we provide the specific form of the shape derivative and prove the existence of solutions to the underlying shape optimisation problem. Moreover, we show the existence of a direction of steepest descent in the W1,∞− topology. We also note that shape optimisation in this context is closely related to the ∞−Laplacian, and to optimal transport, where we highlight the latter in the numerics section. We present several numerical experiments in two dimensions illustrating that our approach seems to be superior over a widely used Hilbert space method in the considered examples, in particular in developing optimised shapes with corners.

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ABELS, ARTUR, and MAARJA KRUUSMAA. "SHAPE CONTROL OF AN ANTHROPOMORPHIC TAILORING ROBOT MANNEQUIN." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 10, no. 02 (2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843613500023.

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In this paper, we describe a new type of humanoid robot designed for made-to-measure garment industry — a shape-changing robotic mannequin. This mannequin is designed to imitate body shapes of different people. The main emphasis of this paper is on modeling and shape-optimization algorithm used to adjust mannequins shape to resemble the shape of any given person. We represent the whole procedure of adjusting the mannequin to the body shapes of real people. Finally, we provide the estimate of the mannequin's model precision and suitability of the proposed solutions for made-to-measure tailoring application. The results show that the mannequin and the optimization methods are sufficiently precise for the requirements in tailoring industry.

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Jensen, Robert E. "Control of mitochondrial shape." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 17, no. 4 (2005): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.011.

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8

Bikeev, E. V., M. G. Matylenko, D. O. Shendalev, et al. "Spacecraft reflector shape control." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 734 (January 29, 2020): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/734/1/012031.

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9

Chin, Ching Wen, and Motoyasu Tanaka. "Local Shape Transformation of a Snake Robot by Changing Approximation Range on Continuous Curve." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 36, no. 6 (2024): 1315–27. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2024.p1315.

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A snake robot can form various shapes by fitting to an arbitrary continuous curve thanks to its numerous degrees of freedom. When traversing an unknown complex environment, a snake robot may need to perform local shape transformation to avoid obstacles or perform specific tasks. In this study, we present a local shape transformation control method for expanding the mobility of a snake robot. The proposed control method lifts a local part of the robot away from the target continuous curve while the leading part and the trailing part shift accordingly to remain fitted to the continuous curve without twisting. The proposed local shape transformation is realized by changing the approximation range on the continuous curve without changing the shape of the continuous curve. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the local hump-shaped transformation control on various types of continuous curves. We also evaluated the proposed control method by comparing it with other local shape transformation control methods through simulations. Additionally, we propose two examples of applications which are the recovery from a stuck state and recovery from joint failure. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

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10

Yang, Kaike, Junpeng Luo, Zhaoting Yuan, et al. "Topology Optimization of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators for Prescribed Two-Way Transforming Shapes." Actuators 13, no. 2 (2024): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13020065.

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This paper proposes a new topology optimization formulation for obtaining shape memory alloy actuators which are designed with prescribed two-way transforming shapes. The actuation behaviors of shape memory alloy structures are governed by austenite-martensite phase transformations effected by thermal-mechanical loading processes; therefore, to realize the precise geometric shape variations of shape memory alloy actuators, traditional methods involve iteration processes including heuristic structural design, numerical predictions and experimental validation. Although advanced structural optimization methods such as topology optimization have been used to design three-dimensional (3D) shape memory alloy actuators, the maximization/minimization of quantities such as structural compliance or inaccurate stroke distances has usually been selected as the optimization objective to obtain feasible solutions. To bridge the gap between precise shape-morphing requirements and efficient shape memory alloy actuator designs, this paper formulates optimization criteria with quantitatively desired geometric shapes, and investigates the automatic designs of two-way prescribed shape morphing shape memory alloy structures based on the proposed topology optimization method. The super element method and adjoint method are used to derive the analytical sensitivities of the objective functions with respect to the design variables. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain 3D actuator designs that have the desired two-way transforming shapes.

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11

Tanveer, Muhammad, and Kwang-Yong Kim. "Effects of Bridge-Shaped Microchannel Geometry on the Performance of a Micro Laminar Flow Fuel Cell." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (2019): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120822.

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A laminar flow micro fuel cell comprising of bridge-shaped microchannel is investigated to find out the effects of the cross-section shape of the microchannel on the performance. A parametric study is performed by varying the heights and widths of the channel and bridge shape. Nine different microchannel cross-section shapes are evaluated to find effective microchannel cross-sections by combining three bridge shapes with three channel shapes. A three-dimensional fully coupled numerical model is used to calculate the fuel cell’s performance. Navier-Stokes, convection and diffusion, and Butler-Volmer equations are implemented using the numerical model. A narrow channel with a wide bridge shape shows the best performance among the tested nine cross-sectional shapes, which is increased by about 78% compared to the square channel with the square bridge shape.

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Tohgo, Keiichiro, Yuki Tochigi, Hiroyasu Araki, and Yoshinobu Shimamura. "OS17-1-2 Deformation and mechanical response of shape-control plate using NiTi shape memory alloy wire." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _OS17–1–2——_OS17–1–2—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._os17-1-2-.

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13

Ye, Changlong, Yang Su, Suyang Yu, and Yinchao Wang. "Development of a Deformable Water-Mobile Robot." Actuators 12, no. 5 (2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12050202.

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This article proposes a deformable water-mobile robot that can be used for rescue work. The robot body adopts an open-motion chain structure with two degrees of freedom, including two drive modules and one main control module. The three modules are connected through deformation joints, and each drive module is equipped with an underwater thruster. The robot can obtain a triangle, linear shape, curved shape, and U-shape through deformation and have three types of motion: linear shape motion, U-shaped motion, and curved shape motion. In the linear shape, a multi-island genetic algorithm was used to optimize the structural parameters with the minimum resistance and the maximum volume. Floating state analysis was conducted in the U-shape, and the structural parameters were reasonably designed. By experimenting with the robot prototype on water, the robot can achieve oscillating, linear, U-shaped, and horizontal rotary motion, has an automatic adjustment function, and effective buoyancy meets the required requirements.

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14

Yang, Li Po, and Bing Qiang Yu. "Shape Detecting and Shape Control of Cold Rolling Strip." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.902.

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Based on the shape detecting principle and the DSP (Digital Signal Processing) technology, a high-precision shape detecting system of cold rolling strip is developed to meet industrial application. It was successfully used in Angang 1250 mm HC 6-high reversible cold rolling mill. The precision of shape detecting was 0.2 I, the shape deviation was controlled within 6 I after the close loop shape control was input.

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15

Lee, Jenn Hua, and Shi Nine Yang. "Shape preserving and shape control with interpolating Bézier curves." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 28 (December 1989): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(89)90339-7.

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16

Arguillère, Sylvain, Emmanuel Trélat, Alain Trouvé, and Laurent Younès. "Shape deformation and optimal control." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 45 (September 2014): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/201445031.

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17

Filankembo, A., and M. P. Pileni. "Shape control of copper nanocrystals." Applied Surface Science 164, no. 1-4 (2000): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(00)00345-7.

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18

Arcos, Gabriel, Guillermo Montilla, José Ortega, and Marco Paluszny. "Shape control of 3D lemniscates." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 73, no. 1-4 (2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2006.06.001.

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19

Perez, Geronimo, Jefferson Araujo, Paulina Romero, and Guillermo Solorzano. "Shape Control of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, S2 (2020): 2818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620022886.

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20

Kashiwase, Toshio, Masaki Tabata, Kazuo Tsuchiya, and Sadao Akishita. "Shape Control of Flexible Structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 2, no. 1 (1991): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9100200107.

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21

Utku, S., C. P. Kuo, J. A. Garba, and B. K. Wada. "Shape Control of Inflatable Reflectors." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 6, no. 4 (1995): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9500600412.

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22

PAN, DENGYU, SHUYUAN ZHANG, GONGPU LI, YIQING CHEN, and J. G. HOU. "SHAPE CONTROL OF Bi2S3 NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 01, no. 02 (2002): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x02000140.

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Bi 2 S 3 nanocrystals with different shapes were synthesized via a simple solventothermal route. Nanorods and nanotubes can be obtained by changing reaction temperature. In the presence of surfactant, hollow nanospheres can be produced. The nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microcopy. The growth mechanisms were discussed.

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Peng, Xiaogang, Liberato Manna, Weidong Yang, et al. "Shape control of CdSe nanocrystals." Nature 404, no. 6773 (2000): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35003535.

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Poudyal, Narayan, Girija S. Chaubey, Chuan-bing Rong, and J. Ping Liu. "Shape control of FePt nanocrystals." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 7 (2009): 07A749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3077210.

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25

Renardy, Michael. "Shape Control by Collinear Actuators." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 156, no. 3 (2001): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002050000120.

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26

Sarfraz, Muhammad. "Shape Control & Designing Objects." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 30 (2018): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.312.

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Ramirez, E., L. Eradès, K. Philippot, P. Lecante, and B. Chaudret. "Shape Control of Platinum Nanoparticles." Advanced Functional Materials 17, no. 13 (2007): 2219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200600633.

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Donovan, Brian R., Valentina M. Matavulj, Suk-kyun Ahn, Tyler Guin, and Timothy J. White. "All-Optical Control of Shape." Advanced Materials 31, no. 2 (2018): 1805750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805750.

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FUKUDA, Masatoshi, Akira TODOROKI, Yoshihiro MIZUTANI, and Yoshiro SUZUKI. "Shape control and stiffness control of partially flexible CFRP by using shape memory alloy." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2016 (2016): PS—19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2016.ps-19.

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30

Berrini, Elisa, Bernard Mourrain, Yann Roux, Mathieu Durand, and Guillaume Fontaine. "Geometric Modelling and Deformation for Shape Optimization of Ship Hulls and Appendages." Journal of Ship Research 61, no. 02 (2017): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2017.61.2.91.

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The precise control of geometric models plays an important role in many domains such as computer-aided geometric design and numerical simulation. For shape optimization in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the choice of control parameters and the way to deform a shape are critical. In this article, we describe a skeleton-based representation of shapes adapted for CFD simulation and automatic shape optimization. Instead of using the control points of a classic B-spline representation, we control the geometry in terms of architectural parameters. We assure valid shapes with a strong shape consistency control. Deformations of the geometry are performed by solving optimization problems on the skeleton. Finally, a surface reconstruction method is proposed to evaluate the shape's performances with CFD solvers. We illustrate the approach on two problems: the foil of an AC45 racing sail boat and the bulbous bow of a fishing trawler. For each case, we obtained a set of shape deformations and then we evaluated and analyzed the performances of the different shapes with CFD computations.

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Hirtler, Lena, Katrin Tschematschar, Franz Kainberger, and Sebastian Röhrich. "Applicability of Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of the Intercondylar Notch." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135921.

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The intercondylar notch (IN) can differ in morphology and size, influencing the contained ligaments. For a better understanding of the influence of the IN’s anatomy on knee pathologies, a classification of different shapes was proposed. However, a detailed evaluation of the reliability of these classifications is lacking thus far. In coronal knee MRIs of 330 patients, the IN width was measured and three shapes were calculated to generate objective control results. Notch shapes were classified by two blinded investigators, first without and then with visual assistance to guide the shape classification. The distribution of the three different shapes was as follows: A-shape: n = 43, 13.0%; inverse U-shape: n = 100, 30.3%; Ω-shape: n = 183, 56.7%. The semi-quantitative evaluation distribution was as follows: A-shape: n = 44, 13.3%; inverse U-shape: n = 37, 11.2%; Ω-shape: n = 249, 75%; there was fair (κ = 0.35) agreement compared to that of the control results. The assisted semi-quantitative evaluation distribution was as follows: A-shape: n = 44, 13.3%; inverse U-shape: 103, 31.2%; Ω-shape: n = 183, 55.3%; there was very good (κ = 0.92) agreement compared to that of the control results. In the shape evaluation of the IN, rigid guidelines and visual assistance must be used to ensure reliability. The utilization of visual assistance led to higher inter- and intra-rater agreements in the semi-quantitatively evaluation of the IN shape when compared to those in the classification without visual assistance.

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32

Almaghout, Karam, and Alexandr Klimchik. "Manipulation Planning for Cable Shape Control." Robotics 13, no. 1 (2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics13010018.

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The control of deformable linear objects (DLOs) such as cables presents a significant challenge for robotic systems due to their unpredictable behavior during manipulation. This paper introduces a novel approach for cable shape control using dual robotic arms on a two–dimensional plane. A discrete point model is utilized for the cable, and a path generation algorithm is developed to define intermediate cable shapes, facilitating the transformation of the cable into the desired profile through a formulated optimization problem. The problem aims to minimize the discrepancy between the cable configuration and the targeted shape to ensure an accurate and stable deformation process. Moreover, a cable dynamic model is developed in which the manipulation approach is validated using this model. Additionally, the approach is tested in a simulation environment in which a framework of two manipulators grasps a cable. The results demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method, offering a promising direction for robotic manipulation of cables.

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Chandra, Ramesh. "Active shape control of composite blades using shape memory actuation." Smart Materials and Structures 10, no. 5 (2001): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/10/5/318.

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Matunag, Saburo, Iljic Thomas, and Yohei Tanaka. "4116 Morphable Beam Shape Characteristics and Its Shape Control Method." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.5 (2007): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.5.0_377.

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35

Bodaghi, M., A. R. Damanpack, M. M. Aghdam, and M. Shakeri. "Active shape/stress control of shape memory alloy laminated beams." Composites Part B: Engineering 56 (January 2014): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.018.

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36

Yun, Jiyeong, Kyeongtae Jeong, Jongyoung Youn, and Donghoon Lee. "Development of Side Mold Control Equipment for Producing Free-Form Concrete Panels." Buildings 11, no. 4 (2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040175.

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Free-form concrete panel production requires an increasing amount of manpower because the molds cannot be reused. There are many limitations when it comes to reproducing accurate forms due to the many manual processes. Therefore, the current study developed side mold control equipment that can automatically fabricate molds for free-form concrete panels. The equipment is capable of molding various shapes and sustainable operation. However, there may be errors as it automatically produces various shapes. Therefore, it is necessary to check the errors between manufactured shapes and designed shapes. The shape created using the side mold control equipment showed less than 0.1° error in side angle and ±3 mm error in side length. Therefore, the equipment manufactured a precise shape. Based on the findings of the study, the side mold control equipment will be used to produce accurate shape of free-form concrete panels automatically.

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37

Koconis, David B., Låszló P. Kollår, and George S. Springer. "Shape Control of Composite Plates and Shells with Embedded Actuators. I. Voltages Specified." Journal of Composite Materials 28, no. 5 (1994): 415–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839402800503.

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The changes in shapes of fiber-reinforced composite beams, plates and shells affected by embedded piezoelectric actuators were investigated. An analytical method was developed which can be used to calculate the changes in shapes for specified applied voltages to the actuators. The method is formulated on the basis of mathematical models using two-dimensional, linear, shallow shell theory including transverse shear effects which are important in the case of sandwich construction. Solutions to the governing equations were obtained via the Ritz method. A computationally efficient computer code with a user-friendly interface was written which is suitable for performing the numerical calculations. The code, designated as SHAPE1, provides the change in shape for specified applied voltages. To validate the method and the computer code, results generated by the code were compared to existing analytical and experimental results and to test data obtained during the course of the present investigation. The predictions provided by the SHAPE1 code were in excellent agreement with the results of the other analyses and data.

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38

Kráľ, Ján, and Ján Kráľ. "Verification of Manufacturing Accuracy of Mathematically Defined Shaped Surfaces on 3D CNC Milling Machine." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.423.

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Verification of programming of various control systems and production of mathematically defined shaped surfaces on 3D CNC milling machine is a challenging technological process. Appropriate design and optimization of tool path is essential for the production of high-quality surfaces with the required accuracy and roughness. This paper presents the design of shaped surfaces in various programming means in order to evaluate both the accuracy of the shape manufactured by the production machine and also by program created shapes for control systems of 3D milling machines. Based on the analysis of mathematically defined shaped surfaces to evaluate both accuracy of shape of 3D milling machine and also applied programs for the programming of the selected control system the shaped surface "Interface" was chosen. The advantage of mathematically described surface is a better way to evaluate the accuracy compare to surface modeled e.g. by Bezier ́s curves. Mathematically described surfaces enable us to optimize their shapes by available mathematical functions. Typical example the derivatives are, which make it possible to search extremes. Verification of the shaped surfaces accuracy according to created control programs was solved using the 3D Carl-Zeiss coordinate system and also HOLOS software. Verified programs for the NC machine programming were in CATIA V5, Pro/Engineer and EqCAM. The result is an optimally designed original EqCAM program for 3D CNC milling machine programming, which generates optimal NC codes and bypasses various built-in interpolations, and by precise control at every step it is possible to achieve maximum accuracy and quality of machined surface for each 3D CNC milling machine.

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Jung, M. N., S. Y. Ha, H. S. Kim, et al. "The Shape Control of ZnO Based Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (2006): 3628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17996.

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Tetrapod-shape ZnO nanostructures are formed on Si substrates by vapor phase transportation method. The effects of two important growth parameters, growth temperature and VI/II ratio, are investigated. The growth temperature is varied in the range from 600 °C to 900 °C to control the vapor pressure of group II-element and the formation process of nanostructures. VI/II ratio was changed by adjusting the flux of carrier gas which affects indirectly the supplying rate of group VI-element. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), systematic variation of shape including cluster, rod, wire and tetrapod was observed. ZnO tetrapods, formed at 800 °C under the carrier gas flux of 0.5 cc/mm2 min, show considerably uniform shape with 100 nm thick and 1 ∼ 1.5 μm long legs. Also stoichiometric composition (O/Zn ∼ 1) was observed without any second phase structures. While, the decrease of growth temperature and the increase of carrier gas flux, results in the irregular shaped nanostructures with non-stoichiometric composition. The excellent luminescence properties, strong excitonic UV emission at 3.25 eV without deep level emission, indicate that the high crystalline quality tetrapod structures can be formed at the optimized growth conditions.

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40

Eijkenboom, J. F. A., J. H. Waarsing, E. H. G. Oei, S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, and M. van Middelkoop. "Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis?" Bone & Joint Research 7, no. 9 (2018): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.79.bjr-2018-0112.r1.

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Objectives It has been hypothesized that patellofemoral pain, a common knee condition in adolescents and young adults, may be a precursor of degenerative joint changes and may ultimately lead to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Since both conditions share several mechanical disease characteristics, such as altered contact area between the femur and patella and increased joint stress, we investigated whether these conditions share similar and different shape characteristics of the patella compared with normal controls. Methods This cross-sectional study compared three different study populations: 32 patellofemoral pain subjects (mean age, 32 years (22 to 45); 72% female); 56 isolated radiological patellofemoral osteoarthritis subjects (mean age, 54 years (44 to 58); 89% female); and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age, 52 years (44 to 58); 74% female). Measurements included questionnaires, and lateral and skyline radiographs of the knee. Two separate 30-point 2D statistical shape models of the patella were created from the lateral and skyline radiographs. A general linear model was used to test for differences in standardized shape modes (a specific shape variant of the patella) between patellofemoral osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain, and controls, using Bonferroni correction and adjustment for body mass index and gender. Results Five shape modes showed statistically significant differences between groups: skyline modes 1 (p < 0.001), 8 (p = 0.004), and 10 (p < 0.001); and lateral modes 5 (p = 0.002) and 7 (p = 0.002). Skyline mode 8 and lateral mode 5 were similar for patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain populations, while being statistically significant different from the control group. Conclusion Our results indicate that patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral osteoarthritis share similar shape characteristics, which are different from control subjects. These findings support the proposed continuum disease model of patellofemoral pain predisposing to the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Cite this article: J. F. A. Eijkenboom, J. H. Waarsing, E. H. G. Oei, S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, M. van Middelkoop. Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis? Patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain patients share aberrant patellar shape compared with healthy controls. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:541–547. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.79.BJR-2018-0112.R1.

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Williford, John-Michael, Jose Luis Santos, Rishab Shyam, and Hai-Quan Mao. "Shape control in engineering of polymeric nanoparticles for therapeutic delivery." Biomaterials Science 3, no. 7 (2015): 894–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5bm00006h.

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42

Yao, Guo-Feng, Xue-Fei Gao, and Su-Huan Chen. "Modal control in the optimal shape control and the shape control research of a paraboloid antenna under different stimulations." Smart Materials and Structures 14, no. 1 (2004): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/14/1/019.

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43

Wang, Xiao Chen, Quan Yang, Zhi Guo Liang, and Fei He. "Research on Generalized Overall Shape Setting Control Models with Asymmetric Shape Control Function for UCM Mill." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.478.

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Towards the insufficiency of the research on asymmetric shape defects control, and the equipment of new asymmetric shape control device—inverse symmetric roll bending for UCM cold mill, in this paper, by ANSYS finite element simulation, high-precision rolls-strip coupling models were established, and the difference of control character among all the symmetric and asymmetric shape control methods were analyzed, then generalized overall shape setting control models with asymmetric shape control function was proposed. It was proved by field application that the control models can effectively control asymmetric and high-order shape defects with the coordination of all the symmetric and asymmetric shape control methods. Consequently, expansive research and apply prospect should be expected.

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Qian, Bo, and Qiang Li. "A Novel Control Procedure for Single Axis Roll Forming." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.177.

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In flexible roll forming, the horizontal movable sheet steel can be formed by controlling the servo motor to drive the multi-pass vertical movable roll. Only when the longitudinal movable distance of the roll in every pass matches exactly the contours of the sheet steel in time and space, the designated cross-section shape can be formed. Controlling the servo motor by applying the configuration programming is a common approach to achieve roll motion, but will not be able or difficult to realize by the configuration programming for complex contour without the rules such as hyperbolic, or the molding product in asymmetric cross-section shape, however, there are two other approaches such as simplifying the curves and using similar shapes to fit the process. As for the complex non-symmetrical curvature shapes, this paper adopts the variable time-domain servo motion control method to form the sheet steel. Experiments show that the variable time-domain servo motor control is a good motion control method for the sheet steel forming in complex cross-section shape.

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Gao, Yuan, Huitao Liu та Mianjun Ma. "Preparation and shape control of β-Ni(OH)2 nano-particle". Open Chemistry 6, № 1 (2008): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-007-0059-z.

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AbstractA simple and convenient method for the preparation of needle-shape nanoparticles of β-Ni(OH)2 has been developed. Results show that a needle-shaped β-Ni(OH)2 can be easily obtained in the presence of ethylenediamine and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate within a size from 100 to 200 nm. The shape and structure of the product were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. It is noteworthy that the formation of needle-shape β-Ni(OH)2 benefits from the addition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The optimum preparation conditions and the possible mechanism are also discussed.

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Mitrishkin, Yuri V., Valerii I. Kruzhkov, and Pavel S. Korenev. "Methodology of Plasma Shape Reachability Area Estimation in D-Shaped Tokamaks." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234605.

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This paper suggests and develops a new methodology of estimation for a multivariable reachability region of a plasma separatrix shape on the divertor phase of a plasma discharge in D-shaped tokamaks. The methodology is applied to a spherical Globus-M/M2 tokamak, including the estimation of a controllability region of a vertical unstable plasma position on the basis of the experimental data. An assessment of the controllability region and the reachability region of the plasma is important for the design of tokamak poloidal field coils and the synthesis of a plasma magnetic control system. When designing a D-shaped tokamak, it is necessary to avoid the small controllability region of the vertically unstable plasma, because such cases occur in practice at a restricted voltage on a horizon field coil. To make the estimations mentioned above robust, PID-controllers for vertical and horizontal plasma position control were designed using the Quantitative Feedback Theory approach, which stabilizes the system and provides satisfactory control indexes (stability margins, setting time, overshoot) during plasma discharges. The controllers were tested on a series of plasma models and nonlinear models of current inverters in auto-oscillation mode as actuators for plasma position control. The estimations were made on these models, taking into account limitations on control actions, i.e., voltages on poloidal field coils. This research is the first step in the design of the plasma shape feedback control system for the operation of the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak. The developed methodology may be used in the design of poloidal field coil systems in tokamak projects in order to avoid weak achievability and controllability regions in magnetic plasma control. It was found that there is a strong cross-influence from the PF-coils currents and the CC current on the plasma shape; hence, these coils should be used to control the plasma shape simultaneously.

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Shon, Sudeok, Alan S. Kwan, and Seungjae Lee. "Shape control of cable structures considering concurrent/sequence control." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 52, no. 5 (2014): 919–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.52.5.919.

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Hu, Gang, Xiaomin Ji, Xinqiang Qin та Suxia Zhang. "Shape Modification forλ-Bézier Curves Based on Constrained Optimization of Position and Tangent Vector". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/735629.

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Besides inheriting the properties of classical Bézier curves of degreen, the correspondingλ-Bézier curves have a good performance on adjusting their shapes by changing shape control parameter. Specially, in the case where the shape control parameter equals zero, theλ-Bézier curves degenerate to the classical Bézier curves. In this paper, the shape modification ofλ-Bézier curves by constrained optimization of position and tangent vector is investigated. The definition and properties ofλ-Bézier curves are given in detail, and the shape modification is implemented by optimizing perturbations of control points. At the same time, the explicit formulas of modifying control points and shape parameter are obtained by Lagrange multiplier method. Using this algorithm,λ-Bézier curves are modified to satisfy the specified constraints of position and tangent vector, meanwhile the shape-preserving property is still retained. In order to illustrate its ability on adjusting the shape ofλ-Bézier curves, some curve design applications are discussed, which show that the proposed method is effective and easy to implement.

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Esmail, Ziana, William Wiltshire, Fabio H. S. L. Pinheiro, Carolina M. Frota, and Rodrigo França. "The effect of orthodontic bracket base shape on shear bond strength to human enamel, an in vitro study." Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry 11 (May 7, 2024): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/biid.v11.40585.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of orthodontic bracket base shape on shear bond strength (SBS) to human enamel and assess the nature of debonding fractures using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Orthodontic brackets with different-shaped bases (flower, heart, rectangle) were bonded to 120 extracted human third molars. Shear bond strength was measured using a Servohydraulic Test System at 24 h and 2 months after bonding. Adhesive Remnant Index scores were evaluated under 10x magnification to assess the amount of resin left on the tooth. The control bracket (rectangular base shape) had the highest mean SBS (26.8 ± 8.2 megapascals [MPa]), and significantly differed from the flower (17.2 ± 4.4 MPa) and heart (18.9 ± 3.5 MPa) base shapes (p < 0.001). The mean SBS between debonding times at 24 h (21.5 ± 7.4 MPa) and 2 months (20.4 ± 6.7 MPa) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Analysis of ARI scores showed a significant difference between flower-24 h versus heart-2 months (p = 0.039), flower-24 h versus heart-24 h (p = 0.004), and control-2 months versus heart-24 h (p = 0.015). Bracket base shape influenced SBS, with the rectangular base shape having a higher mean SBS compared to flower and heart base shapes. Variations in ARI scores occurred based on bracket shape and were of a mixed adhesive-cohesive nature. All bracket shapes had bond strengths above the clinically acceptable range of 6–8 MPa, and may thus provide adequate SBS in a clinical situation.

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Nabil, Marwa, and Hussien A. Motaweh. "Shape Control of Silica Powder Formation." Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 07, no. 03 (2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2019.73004.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shape Control'

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