Journal articles on the topic 'Shaming effect'
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Hariyati, Rita, Muhammad Andri Setiawan, and Sulistiyana Sulistiyana. "The effect of body shaming on students who blame themselves." KONSELI : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal) 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/kons.v9i2.13886.
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Teenagers often become victims and perpetrators of body shaming carried out by those closest to them, such as family, community, and friends, by joking. Ignorant adolescents will not respond to these comments, but adolescents who cannot accept comments from their environment tend to blame themselves. This study aims to determine the effect of body shaming on self-blaming in students of SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional design and random sampling and obtained 239 samples. The analysis technique uses simple linear regression. The instruments used in this study were the body shaming scale by Vargas and the self-blaming scale by Coleman. The independent variable in this study is body shaming, and the dependent variable is self-blame. The results showed that there was an effect of body shaming on self-blaming in students of SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin. This study concluded that body shaming by students of SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin was classified as very high and resulted in students who were victims of body shaming experiencing moderate self-blaming. There is a significant influence between body shaming and self-blaming on students.
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Ramadhany, Harisa Ninda Siti, and K. Y. S. Putri. "The Effect of Body Shaming on Instagram on Student's Confidence." HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v5i2.4466.
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<p class="abstrak"><em>Social media is used to express someone's personal image and connect with anyone. Not only that, many people play social media to display their advantages. So it is undeniable that everyone can compare each other like physical insults or body shaming like social media. This study aimed to determine whether there is an effect of body shaming on Instagram on the trust of female students in the Communication Studies program, State University of Jakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with an explanatory format. The researcher collected data using a questionnaire distributed through a link to 37 respondents, and the sampling technique used was a simple random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate an effect of body shaming on Instagram on female students' self-confidence. The regression coefficient value obtained in this study is Y= 22.788 + 0.285X with a significance level of 0.000 less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the X variable affects the Y variable. Body shaming on Instagram on female students' self-confidence by 6.9% with a shallow category and the rest is influenced by other things outside of this study, such as the psychological component.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak">Media sosial digunakan sebagai wadah untuk mengekspresikan diri dan berhubungan dengan siapapun itu. Tak hanya itu, banyak orang yang memainkan media sosial hanya untuk memajang kelebihannya. Sehingga tak bisa dipungkiri, layaknya media sosial, setiap orang pasti bisa membandingkan satu sama lain seperti penghinaan fisik atau <em>body shaming</em>. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh <em>body shamming</em> di Instagram terhadap kepercayaan mahasiswi di program studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Metode yang idigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan format <em>explanatory</em>. Peneliti mengumpulkan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui <em>link</em> kepada 37 responden dan Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan Teknik <em>simple random sampling</em>. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh <em>body shaming</em> di <em>Instagram</em> terhadap kepercayaan diri mahasiswi, nilai koefisien regresi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah Y= 22,788 + 0,285 X dengan tingkat signifikans 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y. Angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh <em>body shaming</em> di <em>Instagram</em> terhadap kepercayaan diri mahasiswi sebesar 6,9% dengan kategori sangat rendah dan selebihnya dipengaruhi oleh hal-hal lain di luar dari penelitian ini, seperti komponen psikologi</p>
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Ahmed, Eliza, and John Braithwaite. "Forgiveness, Shaming, Shame and Bullying." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 38, no. 3 (December 2005): 298–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.38.3.298.
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This study predicts self-initiated bullying from three variables: shaming, forgiveness and shame. Data were collected from 1875 Bangladeshi school children (60% girls; mean grade = 8.28) using the Bengali version of the Life at School Survey. Results demonstrated that reintegrative shaming and forgiveness were related to less bullying. High shame acknowledgment (accepting responsibility, making amends) and low shame displacement into anger or blaming others were also associated with less bullying. Liking school protected children who experienced (a) less reintegrative shaming, and (b) more stigmatising shaming at home. Equally, more reintegrative shaming and less stigmatising shaming protected children against bullying when liking for school was absent. The forgiveness main effect on bullying (22.4% reduction) was much bigger than the main effect of reintegrative shaming (11.3% reduction). These results are consistent with the view that forgiveness is a more powerful restorative practice than reintegrative shaming.
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Nasution, Nani Barorah, and Ernita Simanjuntak. "Pengaruh Body Shaming terhadap Self-Esteem Siswa SMP." Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan 5, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i7.13770.
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<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The existence of a standardized appearance or ideal body, both for men and for women, often triggers body shaming for people who do not comply with these standards. This study aims to investigate the effect of body shaming on students' self-esteem This research uses a quantitative method using survey questionnare. Population of this study were 242 students of SMPN 2 Datuk Lima Puluh, with 60 sample of students. The instruments given were a questionnaire of body shaming and self-esteem. Then the data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results of the calculations in data analysis indicates that each addition of one unit of body shaming score will be followed by a reduction in the score of the level of self-esteem. Furthermore, the results of the correlation coefficient showed that there is an effect of Body Shaming on Self-Esteem of Junior High School.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Adanya standarisasi penampilan tubuh yang ideal, baik bagi laki-laki maupun perempuan seringkali memicu terjadinya <em>body shaming</em> pada orang-orang yang tidak sesuai dengan standarisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menguji Pengaruh <em>Body Shaming</em> terhadap <em>Self-Esteem</em> Siswa SMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 242 siswa SMPN 2 Datuk Lima Puluh dengan sampel 60 siswa. Instrumen yang diberikan adalah angket <em>body shaming</em> dan <em>self-esteem</em>. Hasil analisas data s menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu satuan skor <em>body shaming</em> akan diikuti oleh pengurangan skor tingkat <em>self-esteem</em>. Selanjutnya hasil koefisien korelasi menunjukkan data bahwa rhitung>rtabel (0,455>0,254). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh Body Shaming terhadap Self-Esteem Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Datuk Lima Puluh Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.
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Hidayat, Rahmad, Eka Malfasari, and Rina Herniyanti. "HUBUNGAN PERLAKUAN BODY SHAMING DENGAN CITRA DIRI MAHASISWA." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.7.1.2019.79-86.
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Perlakuan body shaming adalah pengalaman yang di alami individu ketika kekurangan di pandang sebagai sesuatu yang negatif oleh orang lain dari bentuk tubuhnya.Efek dari perlakuan body shaming bisa membentuk citra diri positif ataukah negatif dari seorang tersebut..Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengatahui hubungan perlakuan body shaming dengan citra diri pada mahasiswa STIKes Payung Negeri Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan desian penelitian korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross- Sectional. Sampel penelititan teridiri dari 103 Mahasiswa. Metode pengambilan sample adalah purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dimulai tanggal 01-03 mei 2018. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji statistik Chi- Square. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai pvalue = 0,036, hal ini berarti berarti nilai p<0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perlakuan body shaming dengan citra diri pada mahasiswa STIKes Payung Negeri Pekanbaru, dan nilai OR (Odds Ratio) sebesar 0,343 dengan CI (Confidence Interval) 0,136-0,865. Rekomendasi penelititan ini adalah memberikan intervensi untuk mengurangi perlakuan body shaming pada remaja untuk meningkatkan citra diri. Kata kunci : Perlakuan body shaming, Citra diri. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY SHAMING TREATMENT WITH SELF-IMAGE STUDENTS ABSTRACTThe treatment of body shaming is an experience experienced by the individual when deficiency is seen as something negative by others of his or her body shape. The effect of the body shaming treatment can form a positive self-image or negative of a person.. The purpose of this study to knowing relationship treatment of body shaming with self-image at STIKes Payung Negeri Pekanbaru students. This type of research was quantitative with the descriptions of correlation research using Cross-Sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 103 Students. with purposive sampling. Tehnique this research was started on 01-03 May 2018. The analysis used Chi-Square statistical test. The result of statistical test is p value = 0.036, it means p value <0,05 so ho is rejected, it means there is a significant correlation between body shaming treatment with self image of STIKes Payung Negeri Pekanbaru student, and OR (Odds Ratio) value equal to 0.343 with CI (Confidence Interval) 0,136-0,865. This research recommendation is to provide intervention to reduce the body shaming treatment in adolescents to improve self-image. Keywords: Body shaming treatment, Self image
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Hendrix, Cullen S., and Wendy H. Wong. "When Is the Pen Truly Mighty? Regime Type and the Efficacy of Naming and Shaming in Curbing Human Rights Abuses." British Journal of Political Science 43, no. 3 (October 31, 2012): 651–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000488.
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Does naming and shaming states affect respect for human rights in those states? This article argues that incentives to change repressive behaviour when facing international condemnation vary across regime types. In democracies and hybrid regimes – which combine democratic and authoritarian elements – opposition parties and relatively free presses paradoxically make rulers less likely to change behaviour when facing international criticism. In contrast, autocracies, which lack these domestic sources of information on abuses, are more sensitive to international shaming. Using data on naming and shaming taken from Western press reports and Amnesty International, the authors demonstrate that naming and shaming is associated with improved human rights outcomes in autocracies, but with either no effect or a worsening of outcomes in democracies and hybrid regimes.
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Nyamutata, C. "Engaging or Shaming? An Analysis of UN’s Naming and Shaming of Child Abusers in Armed Conflict." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (September 24, 2013): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00401005.
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The impact of armed conflict on children has been recognized for some time as a major humanitarian problem. In 1999, the United Nations (UN) Security Council began taking up the abuse of children during armed conflict as a regular thematic issue. As part of the protective framework, the UN adopted a “strategy” of “naming and shaming” government forces and rebel groups recruiting, killing, maiming, raping or other sexual abusing of children during conflict. The philosophical justification of the public exposures is premised on the supposed stigmatic and deterrent effect on named and shamed offenders. However, little analysis has gone into the impact of this UN policy. This paper has the modest aim of assessing the UN’s naming and shaming practice since inception of the policy in 2002. The efficacy of shaming sanctions is contestable. The recent UN annual statistics on the exposed parties do not seem to evince a convincing causal link between of naming and shaming and adherence to international humanitarian law and international human rights law, particularly among armed non-State groups (ANSAs) so far. Naming and shaming represents an antagonistic modus operandi. This paper argues that humanitarian engagement with ANSAs offers a non-confrontational and corrective approach and thus greater promise for compliance and protection of children during armed conflict than naming and shaming.
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Zarpli, Omer, and Huseyin Zengin. "Shame, endorse, or remain silent?: State response to human rights violations in other countries." Research & Politics 9, no. 1 (January 2022): 205316802110703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680211070344.
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Naming and shaming has been widely used by governments and non-governmental organizations to address human rights violations. Yet despite the prevalence of this foreign policy instrument, the question of when states publicly denounce norm-violators received relatively little scholarly attention. We examine this question in the context of China’s repression of its Uyghur minority. This case offers a unique opportunity to study not only when countries engage in naming and shaming but also when they explicitly defend or endorse rights violations. We analyze the official positions of 174 countries between 2019 and 2021. We find that while geopolitical alignment is a significant predictor of both shaming and defending, a nation’s strong trade links with China has a less straightforward effect. Similarly, while democracies are significantly less likely to defend China’s Uyghur policy, they are not more likely to denounce it. We also find that identity-related factors have a muted effect. The paper advances our understanding of a broader spectrum of government behavior vis-a-vis human rights violations in other countries, and has implications for the role of identity in inter-state shaming.
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Peterson, Timothy M., Amanda Murdie, and Victor Asal. "Human Rights, NGO Shaming and the Exports of Abusive States." British Journal of Political Science 48, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000065.
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Does the attention of human rights organizations limit exports from rights-abusing states? This article examines how naming and shaming by human rights organizations (HROs) conditions the influence of human rights abuse on exports, and argues that human rights abuse alone is insufficient to damage a state’s exports. However, as attention to abuse via HRO shaming increases, abuse has an increasingly negative impact on exports. Importantly, this relationship is also conditional on the respect for human rights among importing states; human rights abuse, even if it is shamed, has no effect when importers are similarly abusive. Empirical tests utilizing gravity models of trade incorporating data on physical integrity rights abuse and HRO shaming in 1990–2008 yield strong support for our expectations.
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Sari, Tri Indah, and Rezkiyah Rosyidah. "Pengaruh Body Shaming terhadap Kecenderungan Anorexia Nervosa pada Remaja Perempuan di Surabaya." Personifikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi 11, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/personifikasi.v11i2.9105.
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ABSTRACTThere are many dramatic changes in adolescence, one of them is the physical changes in which adolescent girls are less satisfied with their bodies due to increased amount of fat. There is an assumption that having a thin body will be easier to adapt to the social environment, influencing adolescents in making a decision to go on a diet even though it causes a tendency to anorexia nervosa. This research was conducted to knowing the effect of body shaming on the tendency of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls in Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative approach where the respondents in this study were adolescent girls who experienced the tendency of anorexia nervosa in the city of Surabaya with a total of 349 respondents. The instruments in this study were the body shaming scale and the tendency scale for anorexia nervosa. This study used to simple linear regression test to analyze data (with SPSS 24 for windows program). The results of the study show the value of F = 54.172; P = 0.00, and R = 0.135. This means that there is an effect of body shaming on the tendency of anorexia nervosa in teenage girls in Surabaya. ABSTRAK Banyak perubahan dramatis di usia remaja, salah satunya adalah perubahan fisik dimana remaja perempuan kurang puas dengan tubuhnya terkait dengan meningkatnya jumlah lemak. Adanya anggapan bahwa memiliki tubuh kurus akan lebih mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sosial, mempengaruhi remaja dalam mengambil suatu keputusan untuk melakukan diet meskipun menimbulkan kecenderungan anorexia nervosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh body shaming terhadap kecenderungan anorexia nervosa pada remaja perempuan di Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana responden dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja perempuan yang mengalami kecenderungan anorexia nervosa di kota Surabaya dengan jumlah 349 responden. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah skala body shaming dan skala kecenderungan anorexia nervosa. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji regresi linier sederhana dengan bantuan program SPSS 24 for windows dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai F = 54,172; P = 0,00, dan R = 0,135. Artinya terdapat pengaruh body shaming terhadap kecenderungan anorexia nervosa pada remaja perempuan di Surabaya.
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Ravary, Amanda, Mark W. Baldwin, and Jennifer A. Bartz. "Shaping the Body Politic: Mass Media Fat-Shaming Affects Implicit Anti-Fat Attitudes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 11 (April 14, 2019): 1580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219838550.
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The human psyche is profoundly shaped by its cultural milieu; however, few studies have examined the dynamics of cultural influence in everyday life, especially when it comes to shaping people’s automatic, implicit attitudes. In this quasi-experimental field study, we investigated the effect of transient, but salient, cultural messages—the pop-cultural phenomenon of celebrity “fat-shaming”—on implicit anti-fat attitudes in the population. Adopting the “copycat suicide” methodology, we identified 20 fat-shaming events in the media; next, we obtained data from Project Implicit of participants who had completed the Weight Implicit Association Test from 2004 to 2015. As predicted, fat-shaming led to a spike in women’s (N=93,239) implicit anti-fat attitudes, with events of greater notoriety producing greater spikes. We also observed a general increase in implicit anti-fat attitudes over time. Although these passing comments may appear harmless, we show that feedback at the cultural level can be registered by the “body politic.”
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Cohen Zilka, Gila. "E-Safety in the Use of Social Networking Apps by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults." Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning 14 (2018): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4136.
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Aim/Purpose: Following the widespread use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, this paper sought to examine the usage habits, sharing, and dangers involved from the perspective of the children, adolescents, and young adults. The research question was: What are the usage habits, sharing, drawbacks, and dangers of using SNAs from the perspective of children, adolescents, and young adults? Background: Safety has become a major issue and relates to a range of activities including online privacy, cyberbullying, exposure to violent content, exposure to content that foments exclusion and hatred, contact with strangers online, and coarse language. The present study examined the use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, from their point of view. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study; 551participants from Israel completed questionnaires, and 110 respondents were also interviewed. Contribution: The study sought to examine from their point of view (a) characteristics of SNA usage; (b) the e-safety of SNA; (c) gender differences between age groups; (d) habits of use; (e) hazards and solutions; and (f) sharing with parents and parental control. Findings: Most respondents stated that cyberbullying (such as shaming) happens mainly between members of the group and it is not carried out by strangers. The study found that children’s awareness of the connection between failures of communication in the SNAs and quarrels and disputes was lower than that of adolescents and young adults. It was found that more children than adolescents and young adults believe that monitoring and external control can prevent the dangers inherent in SNAs, and that the awareness of personal responsibility increases with age. The SNAs have intensified the phenomenon of shaming, but the phenomenon is accurately documented in SNAs, unlike in face-to-face communication. Therefore, today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Recommendations for Practitioners: Efforts should be made to resolve the issue of shaming among members of the group and to explain the importance of preserving human dignity and privacy. The Internet in general and SNAs in particular are an integral part of children’s and adolescents’ life environment, so it can be said that the SNAs are part of the problem because they augment shaming. But they can also be part of the solution, because interactions are accurately documented, unlike in face-to-face communication, where it is more difficult to examine events, to remember exactly what has been said, to point out cause and effect, etc. Therefore, more than ever before, today it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming both in face-to-face and in the SNA communication, because from the point of view of youngsters, this is their natural environment, which includes smart phones, SNAs, etc. Recommendations for Researchers: The study recommends incorporating in future studies individual case studies and allowing participants to express how they perceive complex e-Safety situa-tions in the use of social networking apps. Impact on Society: Today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Future Research: The study was unable to find significant differences between age groups. Fur-ther research may shed light on the subject.
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Jarvis, Lee C. "Shame and institutional stability – or – change in healthcare." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 3/4 (April 11, 2016): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help introduce the empirical study of emotion within an institutional framework by examining shame and shaming as drivers of institutional stability and change, respectively. Design/methodology/approach – The author conducted a qualitative study of 101 US print media articles generated by major US news publications and trade magazines from 1999 to 2011 in the wake of the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) 1999 report To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Findings – This study resulted in two major findings. First, this research found that the institutions constituting the collective professional identity of physicians persisted via institutionalized shame inculcated in physicians during their extensive socialization into the medical profession. Potential shame over medical error served to reinforce institutionalized cultures which exacerbated medicine’s problems with error reporting. Second, this study reveals that field-level actors engage in shaming to affect institutional change. This research suggests that the IOM report was in effect a shaming effort directed at physicians and the institutions constituting their collective identity. Research limitations/implications – This study provides some verification of recent theoretical works incorporating emotion into institutional theory and also illustrates how shame can be incorporated into collective identity as an institutional imperative. Originality/value – This study provides a rare empirical investigation of emotion within an institutional framework, and illuminates ways in which the emotion of shame interacts with institutional processes. This research also focusses on collective identity and institutional stability, two topics which are largely ignored by contemporary institutional researchers but are integral aspects of social life.
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Dhotre, Miss Pooja Dilip. "Public Trolling Detection on Twitter Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37020.
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Social media websites are among the internet's most far-reaching digital sites. Billions of social network users exist Users' frequent interactions with social networking sites, like Twitter, have a widespread and sometimes unfortunate effect on day-to-day life. Social networking sites make it easy for large amounts of unwanted and unrelated information to spread around the world. Twitter is a popular micro blogging service where users connect with others with similar interests. Because of the current popularity of Twitter, it is vulnerable to public shaming. Recently, Twitter has emerged as a rich source of human-generated information, with the added benefit of connecting you with customers and enabling two-way communication. It is generally accepted that when someone posts a comment in an occurrence, it is likely to humiliate the victim. The fact that shaming users' follower counts increase faster than that of the people who don't use shame is interesting. Using machine learning algorithms, users will be able to identify disrespectful words, as well as the overall negativity of those words, which is displayed in a percentage.
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Chepkorir, Catherine, Niceta Ireri, and Alice Omondi. "The Impact of Stigmatization on Behavior Change among Young Adults from First Love Kenya." Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies 4, no. 1 (October 25, 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6038.
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Family reintegration is one of the processes that are critical and sensitive after children go through rehabilitation and psychological recovery. Many young people reunite with their biological parents or guardians after attaining the legal age of being termed as young adults. Since reintegration is not an event but a process, many things come to play. Several young adults who have reintegrated with their families after healing, treatment, recovery, and stabilization in the children’s homes exhibit disruptive behaviour and psychological disorders after being reunited with their guardians or families. This study is anchored in reintegrative shaming theory, Goffman’s Stigma theory and behavioural change theory. The study aimed to examine the impact of stigmatization on behaviour change among young adults from First Love Kenya. The study group consisted of 92 respondents: 71 young adults, one children officer, and 20 parents/guardians. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and an interview guide. The research instruments were validated by a reliability test and was found to be credible. Upon collection, the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive statistics were percentages, frequency counts, mean and standard deviation. At the same time, the inferential statistics tested the hypotheses using Pearson’s correlation test to correlate family reintegration and behaviour change. Regression analysis was then used to measure the effect of shaming, stigmatization, and reintegration on behaviour change. Results showed that stigmatization had a negative and significant impact on change of behaviour among young adults (β = -.39 p = .000<.05). Further, reintegration had a negative though insignificant impact on change of behaviour among young adults (p =.985>.05). The study concluded that shaming and stigmatization contributes significantly to negative change of behaviour among young adults. The study recommended the need for stakeholders to review the policies on reintegration. The focus should be on how to eliminate defensiveness and attitude of worthlessness among young adults; how to enhance social skills among young adults, and how to deal with depression, rebellion and aggression; and how to enhance confidence, self-esteem, and acceptance among young adults. Keywords: Stigmatization, behaviour change, young adults
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Kelly, Khim, and Jean Lin Seow. "Investor Reactions to Company Disclosure of High CEO Pay and High CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio: An Experimental Investigation." Journal of Management Accounting Research 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51392.
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ABSTRACT There is significant debate about the usefulness of disclosing the CEO-to-median employee pay ratio, as required under Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States. Using an experiment, we find that disclosing higher-than-industry CEO pay (versus comparable-to-industry CEO pay) marginally decreases perceived CEO pay fairness and perceived workplace climate, which is counteracted by a significant positive effect on perceived CEO attraction/retention ability, although there are no significant indirect effects through these perceptions on perceived investment potential. However, incrementally disclosing a higher-than-industry pay ratio (versus disclosing only higher-than-industry CEO pay) significantly decreases perceived CEO pay fairness and marginally deceases perceived workplace climate, and we find a significant indirect negative effect on perceived investment potential through perceived CEO pay fairness. If companies are concerned about negative public perceptions, then our results suggest that pay ratio disclosures may be better able than current CEO pay disclosures at shaming companies into restraining CEO pay. Data Availability: Contact the authors.
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Hossain, Tanjim, Mengze Shi, and Robert Waiser. "Measuring Rank-Based Utility in Contests: The Effect of Disclosure Schemes." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 6 (August 25, 2019): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243719853289.
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This article studies how the incentive structures and disclosure schemes of a contest affect the contestants’ intrinsic motivations. Specifically, the authors measure the effects of these design decisions on two types of nonmonetary rank-based utility: self-generated and peer-induced. They run a set of laboratory experiments involving contests under various reward spreads and disclosure schemes. First, they find that virtually all commonly adopted disclosure schemes generate positive peer-induced rank-based utility. However, the relative performances of alternative disclosure schemes can depend on the spread of contest rewards and the number of contestants. Second, being recognized as a winner confers positive peer-induced rank-based utility; moreover, being recognized as the sole first-place winner or as one among multiple winners does not produce significantly different peer-induced utility. Third, “shaming” by disclosing the identity of contestants ranked at the bottom leads to negative peer-induced rank-based utility, but the effect is marginally insignificant. Finally, a smaller spread of contest rewards consistently results in higher levels of self-generated rank-based utility. These results underscore the importance of jointly choosing incentive structures and disclosure schemes.
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Bell, Sam R., K. Chad Clay, and Amanda Murdie. "Join the Chorus, Avoid the Spotlight: The Effect of Neighborhood and Social Dynamics on Human Rights Organization Shaming." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717727829.
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Which countries are likely to be ignored for their human rights abuses? This article focuses on one particular way that cases of human rights abuse might be overlooked by human rights organizations (HROs): the relative visibility of the state’s abusiveness vis-à-vis its geographic and social peers. HROs are more likely to target abusive states that are located in regions with more HRO resources and/or are surrounded by states that demonstrate higher respect for human rights, as these abuses will stand out much more clearly. Further, human rights treaties can be used by abusive states as a form of strategic “social camouflage,” with states trying to minimize the risk of HRO attention by ratifying human rights treaties to look more like their rights-respecting peers. Using a cross-national time-series research design, this article finds much support for the argument: abusive states that “join the chorus” avoid HRO attention.
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Nasywa, Naila, Fatwa Tentama, and Mujidin Mujidin. "WHAT MAKES THE CYBERBULLYING MODEL AMONG VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 40, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.34549.
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Cyberbullying refers to aggressive behaviors in social media in the forms of repeated actions of insults, shaming, and threats to other people. This study aims to examine the model of empathy, self-esteem, and school climate effects on cyberbullying to vocational students. The participants of this study were 505 eleventh grade students from vocational schools X, Y, and Z in Yogyakarta. The sample of this study included 180 students which were selected from the population using the cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using the empathy, self-esteem, and school environment scales. The collected data were then analyzed using inner and outer model tests in Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Smart Partial Least Square 3.2.8. The results of this study show that the model with empathy, self-esteem, and school climate to predict cyberbullying had a good fit with the empirical data. It was found that empathy and school environment had a negative effect on cyberbullying. In contrast, no effects were found in self-esteem and cyberbullying.
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Chen, Jennifer J., Peizhen Sun, and Zuwei Yu. "A Comparative Study on Parenting of Preschool Children Between the Chinese in China and Chinese Immigrants in the United States." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 9 (December 3, 2015): 1262–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15619460.
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The goal of this questionnaire-based study was to compare the relative endorsement of specific parenting patterns among two ethnic Chinese groups rearing preschool children: Chinese parents in China ( N = 117) and first-generation Chinese immigrant parents in the United States ( N = 94). A significant interaction effect was found between country and gender on the nonreasoning/punitive dimension of authoritarian parenting, revealing that Chinese fathers endorsed this pattern more strongly than both Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers. There was also a significant interaction effect between country and gender on the practice of shaming/love withdrawal, indicating that Chinese fathers espoused this pattern more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers and Chinese mothers, but Chinese immigrant mothers endorsed it more strongly than Chinese immigrant fathers. Furthermore, it was revealed that Chinese immigrants endorsed beliefs about maternal involvement more strongly than their Chinese counterparts. The results are discussed in the context of cultural and contextual influences.
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Brutti, Nicola. "Public Awareness through Private Law Remedies: The Struggle for Information in the Samsung/Apple Case." European Business Law Review 26, Issue 3 (May 1, 2015): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2015021.
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Compelling a party to disseminate judicial orders through her Homepage implies a relevant discretionary power. The work discusses the extension of such a judicial power, pointing out some questions and raising some concerns. What is the real function of such prominent advertising? Is it possible to repair a damage beared by a private plaintiff by restablishing a correct information of the public at large? Can injunctive reliefs transcend the immediate interests of the litigants in order to further social objectives? This paper does not provide definitive answers, rather it is a starting point for a discussion. The survey recalls other questions like: the increasing use of moral arguments in Courts' reasoning in order to prevent violations or breach of duties, public information and commercial certainty as legal goals, the controversial shaming effect of the remedy at issue and the threats to personality rights and freedom of expression.
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Klopfer, Kristina M., Katreena Scott, Jennifer Jenkins, and Joe Ducharme. "Effect of Preservice Classroom Management Training on Attitudes and Skills for Teaching Children With Emotional and Behavioral Problems: A Randomized Control Trial." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 42, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888406417735877.
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Childhood emotional and behavioral problems are prevalent in elementary classroom settings, making it imperative that high-quality, efficacious training be available to support teachers in managing disruptive and distressed child behaviors. Our study used a randomized control design to examine the impact of 36 hours of preservice education targeted at improving the attitudes of teachers toward children with emotional and behavioral difficulties, and developing their skills in using proactive and preventative strategies to address anticipated behavioral challenges. Eighty-two preservice teachers were randomly assigned to an elective course on management of emotional and behavioral problems (50 teachers) or to an alternate elective of their choice (32 teachers). Results highlight the positive influence of targeted preservice instruction; specifically, there were medium to large posttest effect size differences between preservice teachers who received this elective as compared with those who did not on measures of teachers’ use of psychological pressure (e.g., teacher disappointment and shaming; d = 0.76), their positive emotions ( d = 0.69), negative reactions ( d = 1.05), and their use of proactive strategies ( d = 1.43 and 1.59), inadequate strategies ( d = 0.73), and reactive strategies ( d = 1.01) in response to challenging child behaviors in simulated classrooms. No significant intervention-related differences were noted in preservice teacher self-efficacy, endorsement of rules and control, warmth and support, or negative beliefs. Overall, results provide promising evidence that preservice training can effectively affect the immediate attitudes and skills of teachers for supporting children with emotional and behavioral problems in a regular classroom context.
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Sadia, Halimatus, Md Arman Sorif Jibon, and Md Shahin Parvez. "Effects of Media Advertisement Representation of Womens’ Body Image on Violence against Women in Bangladesh." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 06 (2022): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6606.
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In most societies, women are the victims of physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. Sexual abuse is the main obstacle to the achievement of their rights. Most of the advertisements on national television channels, newspapers, and magazines in Bangladesh were the depiction of a women’s body as a sexual thing. The present comprehensive study is to identify how advertisement represents women and its impact on woman’s identity construction. This research also investigates the effect of media advertisement on the young generation. This quantitative study was conducted, through 80 male and female students were randomly selected from the two reputed universities at Khulna in Bangladesh. This study found that about 80 percent of women and more than 77.5 percent of women were accordingly victims of sexual assault and faced body shaming. Women are always conscious about to be being thin-shaped body; consequently, they were dissatisfied with their body shape, which was calculated by almost about 70 percent of girls. Most of them (81.25%) men and their families looking for a bride consider girls with bright looks. This research observed that the viewpoint on women was all about the reflection of the media’s advertisement on society. This study will help to take initiatives where problems have arrived and how media advertisers promote the product more consciously which will maintain a certain cultural sentiment.
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Camarneiro, Ashley. "Inclusive or Exclusive: Body Positive Communication in Imagery and Clothing in Athens, Greece." Earth Common Journal 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.1265.
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It is expected that 40% of adults in Greece will be obese by 2030, and more and more individuals in the country are inactive. There are many reasons for obesity and inactivity; however, factors such as societal influences and appearance-focused communication are known to have an effect. Negative body communication—in other words, size-discrimination or shaming—may cause a person to consume unhealthy or large amounts of food and avoid exercise. Likewise, a system of social marking divides one group, the “ideal” group, from another group, the “lesser” group, thereby creating a perception of abnormality towards the “lesser” group and strengthening a social divide. Moreover, labelling theory states that individuals tend to behave based on the label assigned to them. In contrast, body positive communication seeks to challenge beauty standards and encourage a healthy mindset that in turn inspires healthy consumption and activity. This study analyzes communication towards females in Athens, Greece, through imagery, by examining front-of-store signage and mannequins, and clothing, by reviewing the size range available for purchase in stores. Major findings reveal that images do not show diversified sizing and the most common sizes are medium and small. This paper shows that negative communication could potentially exacerbate the overweight and obesity rate and that Athens, Greece has inadequate body positive communication practices.
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Webb, Jennifer B., Mallory F. Fiery, and Nadia Jafari. "“You better not leave me shaming!”: Conditional indirect effect analyses of anti-fat attitudes, body shame, and fat talk as a function of self-compassion in college women." Body Image 18 (September 2016): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.009.
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Dementavičienė, Augustė. "How the New Technologies Shapes the Understanding of the Political Act: the case of Digital Vigilantism." Politologija 95, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2019.95.4.
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This paper is part of a bigger project where I try to evaluate and merge different philosophical and sociological approaches in order to understand and show how new technologies could change political life. This article aims to propose conceptual instruments suitable for that endeavor through the analysis of a small example of postmodern life – Digital Vigilantism – and based on ideas of Daniel Trottier, Zygmunt Bauman, and Michel Foucault. The swarm is a metaphor used by Zygmunt Bauman to show how the understanding of communities is changed in liquid modernity. Swarms are based on untied, uncontrolled, short-term relationships between consumers/users that are formed with the express purpose of achieving some goals. Swarms could be massive in numbers and have a lot of power for a quite short period. One such example could be Digital Vigilantism, which is an act of punishing certain citizens – those believed to be deserving of punishment by Internet users. One particular form of digital vigilantism is disclosing someone’s personal information (addresses, phone numbers, emails, Facebook accounts, etc.) for everybody to see in order to spread shaming acts. The acts of DV sometimes gain enough power to change the political agenda. The problem is that the interest of people to solve certain issues is often extremely short; meanwhile, a sustainable political act/change requires an active and stable effort for a much longer period. The main intrigue lies in whether the political act itself can change from being influenced by the swarm effect.
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Adediran, Bolarinwa. "Reforming the Security Council through a Code of Conduct: A Sisyphean Task?" Ethics & International Affairs 32, no. 4 (2018): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679418000631.
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AbstractThe failure of the UN Security Council to adequately and effectively address the Syrian crisis has brought renewed scrutiny to the veto and its capricious use during mass atrocity situations. In response to these concerns, the idea of a code of conduct to regulate the exercise of the veto during humanitarian situations is now being increasingly advanced by several states, including France and the United Kingdom. This paper disputes the utility of such a code and argues that it would not make any significant difference to the way mass atrocity crimes are addressed. I examine three core arguments often extended to justify the merit and the utility of the norm: the circumvention argument, the naming and shaming argument, and the Charter reform argument. I show how each of these arguments is undermined by mistaken notions about the norm's procedural effectiveness, and the role the veto plays in cases of what Simon Chesterman calls “inhumanitarian noninterventions.” Additionally, drawing on interviews conducted with diplomats at the United Nations in New York, I present evidence that resistance to a code of conduct comes not only from the permanent five members of the Council but also from the nonpermanent members, further imperiling the idea's capacity to effect change. Ultimately, I contend that the current global effort to curtail the influence of the veto is nothing more than a journey down the rabbit hole: exciting, but ultimately distracting.
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Thakur, Kritika, Sangeeta H. Toshikhane, Dinesh Patil, and Shikha Desai. "Pakshaghat and its Management through Panchakarma: A Case Study." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i1.1772.
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Vata among tridosha is considered as the controller of everything in the Sharira. Vitated Vata itself effects the Dusyas which pervades the entire body or a part of it and gives rise to different types ailment is called Vatavyadhi. Pakshaghata is one of the important diseases of such criteria which is popularly known as Hemiplegia. A 60 years old male Patient, K/C/O of HTN Since 3 year & Stroke 3 Months ago complaining of Kinchita Vak-Aspastata (incomplete speech), Bhar-Vruddhi (Heaviness of left limbs), Vama bahu Karma alpata (Left upper limb weakness), Vama amsha sandhi stabhata (Left shoulder stiffness) since 3 Month. Patient was on various treatment methods for the past 2 months but did not get complete improvement. He came to Parul Ayurveda Hospital. The patient was treated with Panchakarma procedure, Shamana Aushadhi and Physiotherapy. This study shows the effective result of Panchakarma treatment along with Shamana Aushadhi and Physiotherapy in Pakshaghata disease. It also helps to understand the pathophysiology of Pakshaghata through Ayurveda. In this study an attempt has been made to describe all Scientific effect of Panchakarma procedures, Shaman Aushadhis and effect of Physiotherapy has been explained in this case.
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Larke, Ben. "'. . . And the Truth Shall Set You Free': Confessional Trade-Offs and Community Reconciliation in East Timor." Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no. 4 (2009): 646–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853109x460237.
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AbstractIn East Timor, as with many nations dealing with the legacies of colonisation and occupation, divisions and allegiances forged in the past are combining with other contemporary factors to destabilising effect. The civil unrest of 2006/2007 provides the most recent example of the propensity for violence to escalate rapidly in such a climate. In this context, past experience in promoting and facilitating re-integration following the mass displacement in 1999 in East Timor may offer lessons for those seeking to address social cohesion in the wake of more recent displacement. This paper assesses the work of the Community Reconciliation Process implemented by the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (Commonly known by the Portuguese acronym CAVR) in order to provide a reflection on what was achieved and highlight some of the shortcomings that might similarly befall current, and future, attempts. In doing so, the process, and particularly the use of narrative, is considered in terms of its performative elements: the circumstances in which the scripts were written; the stage on which they were acted out; the actors who voiced them, and the audience who listened. It is argued that the Community Reconciliation Process, through its mechanism that synthesised customary reconciliation procedures and elements of the formal justice system, facilitated a reintegrative process that had at its core the exchange of confession, apology and shaming for the right to re-enter the social group from which perpetrators had been excluded. This process, however, may have occurred at the expense of the competing needs of those who had been victimised.
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Losoncz, Ibolya, and Graham Tyson. "Parental Shaming and Adolescent Delinquency: A Partial Test of Reintegrative Shaming Theory." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 40, no. 2 (August 2007): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.40.2.161.
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The past decade has seen an increase in the application of Braithwaite's reintegrative shaming theory as a framework for restorative justice programs. However, to date the theory has received little empirical attention. The current study set out to contribute to the empirical testing of the theory by exploring the appropriateness of the causal model put forward by Braithwaite. One-hundred-and-seventy Year 9 and Year 10 high school students from 2 government high schools in the Australian Capital Territory completed a survey capturing projected delinquency, delinquent peers and family processes. Principal component analysis found an overlap between aspects of shaming with reintegration and stigmatisation. Furthermore, not all facets of reintegration and stigmatisation were found to be discrete concepts. Results from subsequent structural equation modelling were largely supportive of RST, particularly the theory's emphasis on the harmful effects of stigmatisation and the beneficial effects of reintegration. However, shaming, as defined in the theory, may not affect predatory crime in the way it is predicted by RST.
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Snyder, Jack. "Backlash against human rights shaming: emotions in groups." International Theory 12, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971919000216.
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AbstractHuman rights advocates continue to use shaming as a central tool despite recognizing its declining effectiveness. Shame is indeed a potent motivator, but its effects are often counterproductive for this purpose. Especially when wielded by cultural outsiders in ways that appear to condemn local social practices, shaming is likely to produce anger, resistance, backlash, and deviance from outgroup norms, or denial and evasion. Shaming can easily be interpreted as a show of contempt, which risks triggering fears for the autonomy and security of the group. In these circumstances, established religious and elite networks can employ traditional normative counter-narratives to recruit a popular base for resistance. If this counter-mobilization becomes entrenched in mass social movements, popular ideology, and enduring institutions, the unintended consequences of shaming may leave human rights advocates farther from their goal.
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V, Rahul Bharadwaj, Aishwarya P, and Akshaya SR. "Psychological Effects of Body Shaming in Adolescence." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47314.
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Abstract: This study aims to determine the degree to which peers, the media, and social media influence adolescents' body image, individual shame of other people for their appearances, and stress that results in a number of psychological consequences and also the impacts of negative body image and its influence on quality of life. We should be conscious of the fact that we were all formed differently. We shouldn't be ashamed of being unique. Boys and girls, you are both gorgeous inside and out, regardless of how big your waist, stomach, or scale reading may be
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Berliant, Maria, Nabiha Rahman, Christopher Mattice, Chirayu Bhatt, and Kay-Anne Haykal. "Barriers faced by medical students in seeking mental healthcare: A scoping review." MedEdPublish 12 (November 16, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mep.19115.1.
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Background: Medical students commonly exhibit mental health issues. Despite the availability of professionals on medical campuses, seeking help continues to be a challenge for some students. Our review aimed to identify the barriers medical students face when seeking professional mental healthcare. Methods: A Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search was created for articles using PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases to identify articles specifically about medical students and their barriers to professional mental healthcare. Inclusion criteria included articles in which barriers to mental healthcare were either the primary variable or one of multiple study results. No date limits were imposed. Reviews, pilot projects, or articles that did not address barriers to mental healthcare faced by medical students or focused on veterinary or dental students were excluded. A total of 454 articles were identified and screened by title/abstract and then full text. Data were extracted from 33 articles using an independent framework. Barriers identified were compiled and reported. Results: From a total of 33 articles, the most identified barriers were fear of negative effect on residency/career opportunities, fear of confidentiality breach, stigma and fear of shaming from peers, lack of perceived seriousness/normalization of symptoms, lack of time, and fear of documentation on academic record. Students also preferred to seek care outside of their institution from fear of their provider being an academic preceptor. Conclusions: Many of the barriers to mental healthcare faced by medical students relate to a fear of academic and career reprisal, and fear of confidentiality breach. It appears that despite recent efforts to decrease stigma surrounding mental illness, many medical students struggle to seek appropriate support. Access to mental healthcare can be improved by increasing transparency regarding what information will be displayed on academic records, dispelling common myths about mental healthcare, and increasing awareness about resources available for medical students.
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D Lad, Dr Meenal, and Dr Rohan Sanjay Vishvasrao. "Role of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in the Management of Guttate Psoriasis W.S.R. to Kitibha Kushtha: A Case Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220815.
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Psoriasis is a dermatological disorder, which is a chronic inflammatory as well as a hyperproliferative skin disorder. Which particularly affects the extensor surfaces & scalp region. Which has a 0.09 to 11.2 % prevalence rate worldwide, Various treatments are available for this in modern medical science but they have various side effects. Ayurveda has the main aim of Prevention as well as a cure for various diseases. A 20 years old male patient was suffering from Guttate Psoriasis since one year. There are various treatment modalities and principles of Ayurveda that helps to prevent as well as cure kitibha kushtha which has a resemblance with Guttate Psoriosis. This case study intends the efficacy of Shodhana Chikitsa as well as Shamana Chikitsa in the management of Psoriasis that is Kitibha kushtha1. The Patient got highly significant results in Chief complaints i.e. Mandalotpatti, Kandu and Daha after shodhan and shaman chikitsa. (Before treatment PASSI score was 51.) Key words: Shodhana Chikitsa, Shamana Chikitsa, Guttate Psoriasis, Kitibha Kushtha,Case report.
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Garcia, Deni Smith. "Three Worlds Collide: A Novel Approach to the Law, Literature, and Psychology of Shame." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 6, no. 1 (October 1999): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v6.i1.5.
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This Comment illuminates the shaming issue from a "law in literature"" 7 standpoint since, through literature, contextualization and empathy can be best understood. "Literature is instructive to lawyers and scholars because it leads away from a view of law as formal, mechanized rule-making, and leads instead toward all the possibilities, probabilities, ambiguities and doubts that life possesses." More specifically, through analyzing the conditions that existed in Hawthorne's Salem at the close of the Seventeenth century, and contrasting them with conditions in America at the beginning of the Twenty-first century, this Comment exposes the flaws inherent in a modern scarlet letter sentence. Part I addresses the legal world of shame, using illustrative examples from The Scarlet Letter. First, Part I traces the movement from theocracy to democracy to show why shaming historically declined as a form of punishment. Second, the shaming definition is expanded focusing on two divergent schools of thought on what constitutes an effective shaming. Third, the modern and postmodern viability of shame punishment is questioned. Part I concludes by developing a shame profile and addressing specific concerns that arise as a result of legal shaming. Part II addresses the psychological world of shame by examining the dangers of delving into the depths of the human psyche. Additionally, Part II questions the role of the judiciary in the psychological realm, and examines the distinction between shame and guilt. Part III addresses Hester Prynne's shaming in The Scarlet Letter and analogizes the psychological effects of shame upon Hester Prynne,20 her daughter Pearl, and Reverend Dimmesdale to the modern psychological literature of shame, demonstrating that the literary world can inform the legal world that modern shaming is troublesome and inappropriate. This Comment concludes with the suggestion that shaming, although potentially effective, is a politically motivated, media- driven tactic that avoids confronting the very real psychological and social consequences inherent in a modern scarlet letter sentence.
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Fung, Joey J., and Anna S. Lau. "Punitive discipline and child behavior problems in Chinese-American immigrant families: The moderating effects of indigenous child-rearing ideologies." International Journal of Behavioral Development 33, no. 6 (July 30, 2009): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409343749.
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In a sample of 107 Chinese immigrant families we examined whether cultural child-rearing beliefs moderated the association between parents’ use of punitive discipline and children’s behavioral adjustment. Immigrant parents and their children aged 7 to 17 years completed measures of parental discipline and child behavior problems. Parents also reported on indigenous Chinese child-rearing ideologies regarding shaming and training as strategies for raising competent and moral children. Results of hierarchical regression models conducted with parent-reported data indicated that the negative effects of punitive discipline on child behavior problems were not apparent when parents adhered to training and shaming ideologies. However, the buffering effects of training ideologies were more robust and consistent than shaming. The findings provide some evidence that the discipline—behavior problem link may be moderated by cultural context of caregiver psychology which shapes the meaning and implications of parental behavior.
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Salih Jabbar Al-Taweel, Luma, and Gaith Abedulkadhim Alwan Al- Jubouri. "Effect of Agricultural Exploitation on the Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and Its Kinetic Properties in Some Soils." Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol9.iss1.69.
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In order to study the role of agricultural exploitation in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the province of Diwaniyah, six sites that differ in some of their chemical, physical and biological properties were selected (Diwaniyah, Sunniya, Shamiya, Daghara, Afak and Al Budair). Three types of soils were chosen in each location, namely, orchard soil, field soil and jungle soil. The kinetic parameters of the enzymes maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were estimated in all study soils using increasing concentrations of the controlled substance. The results present that the highest efficacy of this enzyme is in the orchard soil of all sites except the location of the center Diwaniyah and Shamia. The average efficacy values ranged between (208.11 - 234.95) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The highest value of maximum velocity (Vmax) recorded at the field soil of Al-Shamia site (108.57) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The lowest value recorded at the soil of a jungle field at the Sunniya location (49.62) μg P-nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. While the orchard soil of Al-Budair had the highest value of the Michaelis constant (Km) of (85.90) mM, the orchard soil of the Sunniya location had the lowest value (24.34) mM.
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VENNESSON, PASCAL. "War under transnational surveillance: framing ambiguity and the politics of shame." Review of International Studies 40, no. 1 (April 23, 2013): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210513000089.
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Abstract‘Naming and shaming’ those accused of abuse and misconduct is one of the most common strategies of transnational activists. Yet both qualitative and quantitative studies show that the policy and behavioural effects of naming and shaming are often contradictory. Named and shamed actors do respond at least partially by adjusting their policies and behaviour to some extent, but the actions challenged publicly as human rights violations may not cease and can even become more widespread. This ambivalent outcome is usually explained by the uneven capacity of the target to reform or by its ‘strategic’ response to escape the consequences of naming and shaming. By contrast, I show that naming and shaming can be brought to a standstill when the frame used by transnational activists is ambiguous. I trace the role of framing ambiguity during the Human Rights Watch (HRW) ‘naming and shaming’ campaigns against the Israel Defence Force (IDF) in the course of the July–August 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war (Lebanon war), and the December 2008–January 2009 Israel-Hamas war (Gaza war). I argue that HRW's use of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as a frame led to an argumentative deadlock (frame implication contest). This legal frame, and the process of legal framing, did genuinely constrain the IDF, affecting its operations and behaviour. However, the ambiguity of the frame also provided the IDF with a range of material and ideational assets that gave it scope to claim that its actions were actually in conformity with applicable law, and to justify continuing to use force in densely populated areas.
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Sourabh G Deshmukh and Trupti I. Thakre. "Approach Towards Kushta (Psoriasis) With Ayurveda - A Case Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 5546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3189.
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Psoriasis is an autoimmune papulo-squamous disorder of the skin, characterized by sharply defined erythemato- squamous lesions covered with silvery scaling. It is chronic and is well known for its course of remissions and exacerbations. The worldwide burden of psoriasis is 2%, and the prevalence of psoriasis in India ranges from 0.44% to 2.8%. There is no radical cure for psoriasis due to its autoimmune nature. It can be correlated with Eka Kushtha, one of the types of Kshudra Kushtha. In Ayurveda, Vamana and Virechan karma are indicated in Kushtha, which results in the elimination of vitiated Doshas. The effect of Shodhana Chikitsa can be increased if it is followed by shaman Chikitsa which include both Antaparimarjan and Bahiparimarjan Chikitsa. So here a 41 years old female patient had complaints of whitish silvery plaques, itching, burning sensation and scaling since one year was successfully treated with Vamana and Virechan Karma, followed by Shamana Chikitsa like Gandhaka Rasayana, Vetapalli oil, S-kin powder, Padachira ointment for external application and Avipattikar Churna- 3gm twice a day before food with water for 15 days. Conclusion: The Vamana Karma and Virechan followed by Shamana Chikitsa orally, and local application is highly effective in patients of Eka Kushtha (Chronic Plaque Psoriasis).
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Zaman, Umer, Murat Aktan, Mahwish Anjam, Jerome Agrusa, Muddasar Ghani Khwaja, and Pablo Farías. "Can Post-Vaccine ‘Vaxication’ Rejuvenate Global Tourism? Nexus between COVID-19 Branded Destination Safety, Travel Shaming, Incentives and the Rise of Vaxication Travel." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 14043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132414043.
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Vaxication (i.e., post-vaccination travel) and branding destinations for COVID-19 safety have emerged as the cornerstones to fully rebound global tourism. Numerous destination brands are now stimulating tourism demand through realigned travel incentives specifically for fully vaccinated travelers. However, there is growing fear and incidents of travel shaming across destinations, especially due to the recent outbreaks of the highly contagious COVID-19 ‘delta and omicron’ variants. Addressing this critical research gap, the present study makes pioneering efforts to empirically examine the effects of COVID-19 branded destination safety (CBDS) on vaxication intentions, under the moderating influence of travel shaming and travel incentives. Drawing on study data from 560 fully-vaccinated residents from Hawaii, United States and structural equation modeling (SEM) with Mplus, the evidence suggests that the positive impact of CBDS on vaxication intention can be further strengthened by travel incentives, or weakened when travel shaming picks up more momentum. Besides the validation of newly developed scales, the study offers strategic insights based on dominant theories (e.g., theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory) to interpret the changing tourism demand, and to transform the emerging challenges into opportunities through and beyond the pandemic.
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Rekha, Gayathri M. Prakash, and Sanjeev Sood. "Management of Eka-Kushtha through Ayurveda (Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa)- A Case Study." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, no. 12 (2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.51204.
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Introduction-Psoriasis is the most common dermatological, chronic inflammatory condition characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and rounded plaques, covered by silvery micaceous scale. The exact cause is unknown but is thought to be related to genetic and environmental factors that trigger on over production of epidermal cells. In Ayurveda, all skin diseases are considered under heading of Kushtha. There are 7 Maha kushtha and 11 Kshudra kushtha. Eka-Kushtha is one of the Kshudra kushtha with vata-kapha predominance and symptoms of Eka-kushtha are Aswedanam, Mahavastu, Matsyashakalopamam, Krishna aruna varna which can be correlated with Psoriasis. 2-3% of the total world population have Psoriasis and Prevalence of Psoriasis in India ranges from 0.44 to 2.8%. Psoriasis is characterized by remissions and relapses. Although it is difficult to cure, yet topical and systemic therapeutic regimens administered singly or in combination, Current treatment modalities have their own limitation and side effects and there is a need for safe and effective treatment for psoriasis, where Ayurveda plays an important role. The basic principles of Ayurvedic treatment are Shodhana, Shamana and Nidana parivarjana. Material & Method- Hence present study highlights, management of Eka-Kushtha through Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa and in Shodhana chikitsa, Virechana karma is preferred. Result: Here an effort was made to treat a 60 years old male patient having signs and symptoms of Eka-Kushtha since last 10 years and in this study initially Shodhana chikitsa was given followed by Shamana chikitsa. Conclusions: Patient has had the disease for the past ten years and has been treated by various doctors, but has not had good results, and the disease has recurred. However, excellent outcomes were reached in this case using the Shodhana technique and Shaman Chikitsa.
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Kim, Hee Joo, and Jurg Gerber. "The Effectiveness of Reintegrative Shaming and Restorative Justice Conferences." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, no. 7 (August 8, 2011): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11418916.
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This article examines the effectiveness of diversionary restorative justice (RJ) conferences through the eyes of juvenile offenders. In Australia, Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) are based on Braithwaite’s theory of reintegrative shaming. Previous studies, although showing that RISE reported high levels of victim satisfaction and positive changes in the attitudes of offenders, also demonstrated that it has different outcomes for juvenile offenders depending on the type of offense with which they were charged. However, the effectiveness of RISE in terms of the offenders’ perceptions has not been addressed, and the impact of the offenders’ perceptions about RISE still remains under investigation. Using Australian data from RISE between 1995 and 1999, this article examines juvenile offenders’ perceptions on preventing reoffending, repaying the victim and society, and the degree of repentance. The data were taken from interviews with juvenile offenders to measure their perceptions after the court or RISE processing. A comparison of standard court processing effects and RISE on juvenile offending, including property crime, shoplifting, and violent offenses, was undertaken. The results from this study were somewhat inconsistent with previous research. In this study, there was no significant relationship between RJ conference and the offenders’ own perceptions on the prevention of future offending. However, it was found that there were treatment effects on repaying the victim, repaying society, and the degree of feeling repentance, and that younger offenders wanted to repay the victim/society and feel repentance.
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Surendra, Bunker, Dixit Neetu, and Dash Babita. "EFFECT OF MAJJA BASTI AND BAHYA SNEHANA (PIZICHIL) IN AVASCULAR NECROSIS - A CASE REPORT." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj4609102021.
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Avascular necrosis (AVN) also called osteonecrosis or a disorder resulting from a temporary or permanent loss of blood supply or interruption of supply to the bone. AVN is found in the age of 30- 40 years mostly. Blood carries essential nutrients and oxygen to the bone. When the supply is disrupted, the bone tissue became necrosed. AVN can occur at any bone but most commonly affects the ends (epiphysis) of a long bone such as thigh region bone i.e. femur characterized by the collapse of bone, pain, bone destruction, limping off the leg, loss of function of affected bone (temporary or permanent). Modern medical science has surgical treatment modalities like Arthroplasty, hip replacement and osteotomy etc having a higher failure rate is also cost worthy and has a poor prognosis. As per Ayurveda, the cases were diagnosed as Asthimajjagata vata vikara. In the present study, two male patients one is 45 years old another is 30 years old having signs and symptoms of Avascular necrosis and X- ray of bilateral hip joint showing AVN of the femoral head were taken into consideration and administered the therapy, Majja Basti, bahya snehana (pizichil) and the Shaman Kashaya i.e. Guggulu Tiktak Kashaya 20 ml BD for 15 days.significant relief with increasing functional femoral activities in the necrosed femoral head. Based on these case study it can be concluded that the Panchakarma treatment along with Shamana chikitsa is effective in the management of AVN of the femoral head. Keywords: Avascular necrosis, Asthimajja gata vata vikar, Majja Basti, Pizichil.
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Kumar, Savan, Dipti, and Nishi Arora. "MANAGEMENT OF SANDHIGATA VATA BY ERANDA TAILA: A CASE SERIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i1.2022.4466.
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Homeostasis of Vata, pitta and Kapha dose maintain the normal physiology of body. Any internal and external factor which disturb the normalcy of tri-doshas will lead to generation of diseases .The prevalence of Vatavyadhis such as Gridhrasi, Amavata is continuously increasing day by day. Sandhivata is the disease described under vatavyadhi. Knee joint and small joints are more prone to be affected by this disease because they are the most commonly used joints in daily works. Aim of this study is evaluate the effect of Eranda tail in pure vata originated sandhivata at time of its accumulation. The study was a consecutive case series done on an OPD basis to study the pre- and post-effect of the treatment regime mentioned earlier on patients suffering from sandhivata. This study was conducted on five patients of sandhivata, in whom eranda tail was given as Shamana medicines for the 90 days at time of accumulation of vata dosha in grishma ritu. Use of eranda tail at time of accumulation of vata dosha showed significant improvement in symptoms of sandhivata on first year and showed complete remission of the disease if we give it for consecutive 2 years. It was concluded that the use of any shaman type shodhan aushadhi at time of accumation of dosha will subside that dosha and not allow it to convert into an ailment.
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Ronken, Carol, and Robyn Lincoln. "Deborah's Law: The Effects of Naming and Shaming on Sex Offenders in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400303.
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Community notification laws for sex offenders are now widespread in the USA and there is considerable interest in introducing ,them in Australia. Along with these public moves to name and shame, there has been a parallel increase in private forms of naming and shaming through “outing” of sex offenders. This article examines both public and private notification to conclude from the few studies available that they fail to achieve their goals and lead to significant unintended consequences. The article analyses The Australian Paedophile and Sex Offender Index (Coddington, 1997), a prime exemplar of the private domain of notification, to explore a range of variables (offender demographics, offence details, sentences, previous convictions and victimology) and concludes that it is unrepresentative and has criminogenic potential. The article summarises direct consequences of notification actions that include possibilities for vigilantism, effects on treatment and rehabilitation, and displacement. Finally, it examines the theoretical frameworks in which notification laws have been couched — restorative justice and criminological notions of shame and degradation — to conclude that notification laws are not supported by these theoretical paradigms
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Johnson, Matthew S. "Regulation by Shaming: Deterrence Effects of Publicizing Violations of Workplace Safety and Health Laws." American Economic Review 110, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 1866–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180501.
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Publicizing firms’ socially undesirable actions may enhance firms’ incentives to avoid such actions. In 2009, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began issuing press releases about facilities that violated safety and health regulations. Using quasi-random variation arising from a cutoff rule OSHA followed, I find that publicizing a facility’s violations led other facilities to substantially improve their compliance and experience fewer occupational injuries. OSHA would need to conduct 210 additional inspections to achieve the same improvement in compliance as achieved with a single press release. Evidence suggests that employers improve compliance to avoid costly responses from workers. (JEL J28, J81, K32, L51, M54)
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Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, Nicole Janz, and Øyvind Isachsen Berntsen. "Human Rights Shaming and FDI: Effects of the UN Human Rights Commission and Council." World Development 104 (April 2018): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.11.014.
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Bagwell, Stephen, and Shelby L. Hall. "Publicity and perceptions of risk: The effects of HRO naming and shaming on sovereign credit rating." Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1758551.
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Walters, Glenn D. "The Shaman Effect in Counseling Clients with Alcohol Problems." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 19, no. 3 (September 2001): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v19n03_03.
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Poonia, Ritesh, and Arun Gupta. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF VIRECHANA KARMA WITH TRIVRITADI KWATH AND SHAMAN CHIKITSA WITH AVIPATIKARA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF URODAHA (RETROSTERNAL BURNING) IN AMLAPITTA (ACID PEPTIC DISORDER)." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1106203.
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In the recent years there has been an unprecedented increase in the incidence of Gastrointestinal System disorders due to change in lifestyle, diet pattern, behavioral pattern, mental stress and also hazardous use of painkillers. Ayurveda comes with varieties of treatment options to cure the GI disorders without causing any harmful effect. The aim of this study is to compare between Shodhan and Shaman therapy in Amlapitta, to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana Karma and Shaman Chikitsa. The criterions of diagnosis of patients was based on sign and symptoms of Amlapitta and Ayurvedic and modern text. Two groups were taken, and duration of study was of one month. In group A, virechana therapy was given with Trivritadi Kwath, and in group B, shaman therapy was given with Avipatikara churna. Follow up of patients was done after given therapy. Result shows that shodhana therapy is more effective than shaman therapy in patients of Amlapitta.