Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shame'
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1
Alderson, Taylor. "The Shame Complex| A Depth Psychological Exploration of Shame." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10749256.
Abstract:
This thesis is an alchemical hermeneutic exploration of shame from the depth psychological perspective of a complex. Literature is reviewed related to a definition of the shame complex and understanding its etiology and phenomenological and psychological effects. Through a depth psychological analysis of the author’s personal experience, which includes developing and living with a shame complex, the path toward healing shame is realized as the ability to find the courage to uncover and disclose a personal narrative in the presence of an empathetic analyst, who had the competence to contain and bear witness to his client’s story. For the author, this courageous act has allowed a transformative journey from living with the dehumanizing, toxic effects of shame to realizing a healthy, integrated, humanizing, and enriched quality of life.
2
Pappaianni, Edoardo. "Shame on you! Cognitive mechanisms and neural correlates of shame." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252594.
Abstract:
Shame is a self-conscious emotion that characterizes the life of all individuals. It arises when a moral violation occurs and the person is judged negatively by others for a way of being that does not correspond to the standards of society. Although over the years it has been widely treated from a theoretical point of view, there are few attempts in the literature to approach it scientifically by psychologists and neuroscientists. Using an integrated approach, based on neuroimaging, behavioral and neuropsychological investigations, in this thesis we aimed to investigate what are the cognitive mechanisms through which shame operates and what are its neural bases. After an initial theoretical introduction in which a novel model of shame functioning is proposed, two behavioral studies are presented in which an innovative experimental paradigm of shame elicitation has been validated and tested. Subsequently, the single-case of a patient with rare bilateral amygdala damage has been described. Since this region is notoriously crucial for emotional aspects, we tested the possibility that an amygdala injury could also lead to deficits in perception and recognition of shame. Afterward, to investigate if shame had its own specific neural activation map, a meta-analysis on functional studies in the literature that investigated the neural bases of shame and guilt (another self-conscious emotion) has been carried out. Finally, given the heterogeneity of the paradigms included in the meta-analysis, we run an fMRI study using our novel paradigm in order to detect shame neural signal. In general, by combining different methodologies, this work allowed us to approach shame from different perspectives, from simple elicitation and behavioral measurement to its neural basis. This has added a piece of knowledge in the field of affective neuroscience regarding a moral emotion (i.e. shame) that is fundamental to individual well-being within our society.
3
Pappaianni, Edoardo. "Shame on you! Cognitive mechanisms and neural correlates of shame." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252594.
Abstract:
Shame is a self-conscious emotion that characterizes the life of all individuals. It arises when a moral violation occurs and the person is judged negatively by others for a way of being that does not correspond to the standards of society. Although over the years it has been widely treated from a theoretical point of view, there are few attempts in the literature to approach it scientifically by psychologists and neuroscientists. Using an integrated approach, based on neuroimaging, behavioral and neuropsychological investigations, in this thesis we aimed to investigate what are the cognitive mechanisms through which shame operates and what are its neural bases. After an initial theoretical introduction in which a novel model of shame functioning is proposed, two behavioral studies are presented in which an innovative experimental paradigm of shame elicitation has been validated and tested. Subsequently, the single-case of a patient with rare bilateral amygdala damage has been described. Since this region is notoriously crucial for emotional aspects, we tested the possibility that an amygdala injury could also lead to deficits in perception and recognition of shame. Afterward, to investigate if shame had its own specific neural activation map, a meta-analysis on functional studies in the literature that investigated the neural bases of shame and guilt (another self-conscious emotion) has been carried out. Finally, given the heterogeneity of the paradigms included in the meta-analysis, we run an fMRI study using our novel paradigm in order to detect shame neural signal. In general, by combining different methodologies, this work allowed us to approach shame from different perspectives, from simple elicitation and behavioral measurement to its neural basis. This has added a piece of knowledge in the field of affective neuroscience regarding a moral emotion (i.e. shame) that is fundamental to individual well-being within our society.
4
Euvrard, Jonathan George. "Shame is valuable." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002838.
Abstract:
In this thesis I argue that shame is valuable because it contributes to the moral life by promoting coherence. I start by developing and defending a conception of shame. On my conception, rational shame involves a negative self-assessment, in which I am both the assessor and the object of assessment, and in which the standard of assessment is my own. I then develop a notion of coherence, and apply it to the relationship between values, and the relationship between values and actions. I also tie the notion of coherence to what I call “the moral life”. I then discuss two ways in which shame can work to promote coherence. Firstly, I describe a process of critical reflective self-assessment, and show how this is a particularly effective method of promoting coherence when coupled with shame. Secondly, I discuss the connection between my emotions and my values, arguing that this connection promotes coherence, and that shame works to reinforce this connection and thereby to promote coherence.
5
Fernie, Ewan. "Shame in Shakespeare." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14961.
Abstract:
This thesis is a critical study of the theme of shame in Shakespeare. The first chapter defines the senses in which shame is used. Chapter Two analyses the workings of shame in pre-renaissance literature. The argument sets aside the increasingly discredited shame-culture versus guilt-culture antithesis still often applied to classical and Christian Europe; then classical and Christian shame are compared. Chapter Three focuses on shame in the English Renaissance, with illustrations from Spenser, Marlowe, Jonson, and Milton. Attention is also paid to the cultural context, for instance, to the shaming sanctions employed by the church courts. It is argued that, paradoxically, the humanist aspirations of this period made men and women more vulnerable to shame: more aware of falling short of ideals and open to disappointment and the reproach of self and others. The fourth chapter is an introductory account of Shakespearean shame; examples are drawn from the plays and poems preceding the period of the major tragedies, circa. 1602-9. This lays the groundwork, both conceptually and in terms of Shakespeare's development, for the main part of the thesis, Part Two, which offers detailed readings of Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. In Each case, a consideration of the theme of shame illuminates the text in question in new ways. For example, and exploration of shame in Hamlet uncovers a neglected spiritual dimension; and it is argued that, despite critical tradition, shame, rather than jealousy, is the key to Othello, and that Antony and Cleopatra establishes the attraction and limitation of shamelessness. The last Chapter describes Shakespeare's distinctive and ultimately Christian vision of shame. In a tail-piece it is suggested that this account of Shakespearean shame casts an intriguing light on a little-known interpretation of Shakespeare's last days by the historian E.R.C. Brinkworth.
6
Rousseau, Glenna S. Vernon Laura. "A comparison of personal attribute and scenario based shame measures." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ROUSSEAU_GLENNA_56.pdf.
7
Monroe, Ann Elizabeth. "School-induced shame : an investigation of college freshmen's K-12 shame experiences /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1417812661&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1219952712&clientId=22256.
8
Tripp, Eleanor D. "Beyond Shame: A Therapeutic Mobile Application for the Development of Shame Resilience." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1565469401297672.
9
Armstrong, Jessica Lee. "Internalized Shame and Shame Tolerance in Inpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders." Thesis, Clark University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288589.
Abstract:
Internalized shame, a construct that assesses the extent to which an individual identifies with the experience of feeling deeply flawed, unworthy, and defective (Cook, 1987, 1991, 2001), has been associated with negative clinical outcomes in substance use disorders (SUDs; Harper, 2011). Tolerance for shame-related distress, or shame tolerance, has been associated with other forms of psychopathology (Schoenleber & Berenbaum, 2010, 2012), and may serve to moderate the relationship between internalized shame and SUD treatment outcomes. This mixed-methods study explores internalized shame and shame tolerance in the context of early recovery from SUDs, particularly as they are associated with inpatient treatment success and participant experiences with relapse. Self-report measures and interviews were used, and thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was utilized in analyzing qualitative data. Quantitative analyses did not find support for the moderating effects of shame tolerance on the impact of internalized shame on treatment outcomes in individuals with SUDs in inpatient treatment. However, there was a significant interaction between gender, prior relapse, and internalized shame, such that women with prior relapse presented with higher internalized shame and lower shame tolerance than women with no prior relapse or men in either condition. A semi-structured interview and subsequent qualitative analyses were utilized to explore participant experiences with relapse and treatment. Results revealed superordinate and subthemes related to each of three content areas – relapse experiences, abstinence in response to craving, and current treatment experiences – and interview excerpts are included to highlight each theme. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
10
Ortlund, Eric N. "Shame and restoration an exegetical exploration of shame in Ezekiel's restoration prophecies /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
11
Ortlund, Eric Nels. "Shame and restoration an exegetical exploration of shame in Ezekiel's restoration prophecies /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2003. http://www.tren.com.
12
Smith, Fran. "Shame and the body." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1177/.
Abstract:
This thesis is primarily concerned with aspects of theory and practice in Counselling Psychology, with a focus on the issues of shame and the body. i. Sections of the portfolio • Section A: Firstly I will present the research study which explores the lived experience of a changing body. This is investigated specifically in the context of individuals who have lost significant amounts of weight and have had the resultant excess skin removed by plastic surgery. • Section B: Secondly I will explore the factors and processes which enable resilience and positive adjustment in individuals living with a visible difference. This exploration takes the form of a critical literature review. • Section C: Thirdly I will present a clinical case study. This study considers professional aspects of clinical practice throughout work with a particular client. Key aspects in this clinical piece of work resonate with issues which arose from the analysis of the research study and the critical literature review.
13
Scheiner, Nicole Sandra. "Shame - The Hidden Emotion." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511769.
14
Hooper, Megan. "Shame and compulsive behaviours." Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21123.
Abstract:
95 leaves.The area of shame, in psychology, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite a great richness of theoretical literature, there is, unfortunately, a dearth of actual research on shame. This study has sought to empirically investigate the relationship between shame and three compulsive behaviours, namely, alcohol dependence, drug dependence and disordered eating. Relations between shame and alcohol dependence, and shame and drug dependence have already been established in the research literature. This study sought to validate these relationships and to extend the research in the area to establish a link between shame and disordered eating. Cook's Internalised Shame Scale was used to assimilate shame, whilst Millon's Clinical Multiaxial Inventory was used to assess drug and alcohol dependence. Disordered eating was assessed by using the Eating Attitudes Test. Pearson's Product Moment Correlations were computed, and regression analyses were conducted, it was found that shame was significantly correlated with alcohol dependence, drug dependence and disordered eating, and that shame predicted 33% of the variation in alcohol dependent behaviour, 36% of the variation in drug dependent behaviour, and 30% of the variation in disordered eating. Within the methodology used it was not possible to establish causality. However, it was possible to contextualise these results within the literature, and suggest possible explanations. From within the literature on shame it was suggested that shame is linked to alcohol abuse and drug abuse as well as to disordered eating, and that the relationship is one of circular causality. Shame is consequent on these behaviours but these behaviours also attempt to reduce shame and are intended to be self soothing, and containing of the uncomfortable feelings attached to an inadequate sense of self. Limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were examined.
AM2016
15
Lanzer, Mariah. "To Feel No Shame." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620415373044069.
16
Krishnamoorthy, Govind. "Affect Regulation of Shame." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366917.
Abstract:
Over the past two decades persuasive arguments have been made to expand
the role of emotion in clinical psychology. Research within the basic affective
sciences suggests a number of ways that current psychological treatments may benefit
from interventions explicitly targeting emotions, particularly for resistant forms of
adult psychopathology. Research in this area has found that the inability to regulate
feelings of shame may be a significant risk factor in the onset and recurrence of major
depression and other psychological disorders. Although theoretical and research
interest in the nature and consequences of shame have burgeoned in recent decades,
little attention has yet been given to research on the regulation of shame. The present
research describes two studies designed to redress this situation. Study 1 investigated
the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal relative to rumination in reducing feelings of
shame. It was hypothesized that participants who reappraised an autobiographical
shame event would report lower levels of shame than those ruminating about the
event. Study 1 adapted the experimental methodology used by Ray, Wilhelm, and
Gross (2008) in their investigation of the emotion regulation of anger. Participants
initially recalled and rated a personal, real-life shame experience and were then asked
to think about it in one of two ways: by ruminating about the event or by positively
reappraising it. Results revealed lower levels of shame associated with reappraisal,
relative to rumination.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
17
Kissaun, Greta Darmanin. "Shame in psychotherapy : Maltese psychotherapists' lived experience of shame in the therapeutic encounter." Thesis, Regent's University London, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719800.
Abstract:
Shame is an emotion that features widely in a range of mental health difficulties. Feelings of shame are frequently elicited in the therapeutic encounter. Undetected shame may cause ruptures in the therapeutic relationship and premature termination of therapy. Despite this, the literature review suggests shame in psychotherapy has been largely under-researched. This study explores how Maltese therapists understand and manage feelings of shame evoked in the therapeutic encounter. The literature review discusses the major theories and contentions regarding shame in psychotherapy and traces the transition from viewing shame as an intrapsychic phenomenon to its effect on relationships and its presence in the wider social context. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experience of Maltese psychotherapists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants whose years of experience ranged between six and 28. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four super-ordinate themes emerged: The Therapist’s World of Shame, Be-holding Patients’ Shame; A Shared Experience, and The Island of Shame. Participants portrayed themselves as highly self-judgmental and shame-prone individuals, and described their cultural context as “a breeding ground for shame”. This research illustrates the benefit of therapists’ understanding their own and their patients’ shame signals and triggers during therapy. It broadens understanding of how cultural dynamics serve to augment feelings of shame, which can lead to the loss of a psychotherapist’s sense of authenticity. This study also strengthens the evidence base regarding training and supervisory needs of trainee therapists.
18
Herr, Peter. "SHAME REACTIONS; AN ATTRIBUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin989425737.
19
au, Clearly@iprimus com, and Colin Earl. "Shame, Admiration, and Self-Esteem." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061129.122025.
Abstract:
This thesis is an exploration of the shame that inheres in not being able to self-admire. I call this incapacity to admire oneself ontological shame, and I argue that it is the source of the masquerades, concealments and negative emotions that surround the pursuit and defence of a self-esteem founded on an impoverished form of pride. I argue that there is a radical asymmetry between our admiration and esteem for others and how we evaluate our own sense of self-worth. Where admiration at its highest pitch is the wonderful agape experience of apprehending preciousness in others, our own sense of self-worth is limited to experiences of pride and other forms of self-affirmation; none of which allow us the joy of seeing ourselves as wonders in the world. Because we can admire and want to be admired, not being able to self-admire amounts to a limitation of a sort which carries with it a primordial resentment against life itself. It is largely how we respond to our ontological limitation and to our resentment that determines the positive or negative manner in which we interact with others, and whether or not we are likely to have an envious or humble disposition.
In the first three chapters I lay the groundwork for the main argument of the thesis by highlighting the difficulties self-esteem theorists have in agreeing upon the value of high self-esteem, introduce the relation between self-esteem and shame, argue for a distinction between self-esteem and public esteem, and provide an account of the gift-exchange nature of admiration which explains why we cannot self-admire. In the central chapters I focus on shame; on acts of concealment that can be either appropriate covering for, or deceitful denial of our ontological limitation; how self-worth is created through a reconciliation to shame, and why the self-act dissociation theories of guilt fail to capture the shame attached to being guilty of a wrongdoing. In Chapters Seven and Eight I examine envy, first in how it can be disguised as moral resentment; how it differs to admiration in its role in emulation, and finally how as a disposition it stands in stark contrast to humility. It is in humility that we grasp the benefits associated with our own incapacity to self-admire through our need to interact and exchange gifts with others.
20
Knight, John G. "Shame, the church, and healing." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
21
Johnson, Judith. "Resilience : stress, shame and paranoia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4423/.
Abstract:
Both Volumes I and II of this thesis were submitted in partial fulfillment of the Clinical Psychology Doctorate at the University of Birmingham. Volume I is the research component and comprises of a literature review and an empirical study. Volume II is the clinical component and comprises of five clinical practice reports. Volume I: Research Component Definitions of resilience remain unclear, and there has been minimal research in the area of resilience to psychotic symptoms, such as paranoia. A selective literature review and research study were conducted to address these issues. The review aimed to i) provide a brief overview of the development of two influential areas of resilience research, and ii) to then contribute to this field by adapting a recently proposed framework for investigating resilience, the Bi-Dimensional Framework. The empirical paper aimed to use the Bi-dimensional Framework to investigate whether low levels of shame, or a potential resistance to shame, might confer resilience against the development of paranoia in the face of life stress. Volume II: Clinical Component Five reports describe various assessments, formulations and interventions that were completed from cognitive-behavioural, psychodynamic, cognitive-analytic and neuropsychological perspectives. A service evaluation using quantitative data is also included.
22
Leeming, Dawn. "Managing shame : a contextual analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532659.
Abstract:
Feelings of shame can be difficult to manage. However, there has been limited research attention to the contextual factors which may make this particularly difficult, partly because shame has often been conceptualised as primarily an intrapsychic phenomenon. Alongside this, investigations of managing potentially shaming identities, often conceptualised as `stigma management', have generally not focused on emotion. To bridge this gap in the literature I draw on theoretical resources such as symbolic interactionism and social constructionism to conceptualise experiences of shame as constructed within interaction in particular social locations and from the discursive resources available. Within this framework I attempt to develop a more contextualisedu nderstandingo f managings hamet hrough two qualitative investigations. The first study exploresf ifty written accountso f experienceso f shame provided by a cross-section of students and employees at a British university. These are obtainedb y meanso f a questionnairew hich asksp articipantst o provide a narrative account of an experience of public shame and then answer several openended questions about this. The data is interrogated through two analyses. The first is a thematic analysis which explores the data as revealing something of the participants' subjective experiences. The second analysis draws on Foucauldian approachesto discoursea nalysisa nd treatst he data as a text which revealst he subject positionsm adea vailablef or resisting shame. The analysesp oint to the importanceo f a contextualiseda pproacht o understandingm anagings hame. In particular they illuminate the importance of positioning vis-ä-vis others, the use of shame as a form of social control, the varied meanings of shame and suggest that feelings of shame can be debilitating and difficult to manage, particularly where these are multi-layered and contradictory. The seconds tudy explorest he managemenot f potential shamei n relation to using mental health services through 22 interviews with service users. A thematic analysis of meaning-making which draws on both contextual constructionist and discursive approachesto data analysish ighlights the importanceo f the availability of both discursive and relational resources for avoiding and repairing shame. As for the first study, the results of the analysis suggest that some of the prior literature may have emphasised self-acceptance in repairing shame at the expense of theorising the need for a shift in the self-in-relation-to-others. I discuss the implications of these theoretical developments from both studies for mental health services and the development of approaches to helping individuals who struggle with shame which are not perniciously individualising and hence shaming. I also reflect on what the analyses indicate about the possibilities for combining methodologies which have apparently differing epistemological positions and the challenges involved in doing this.
23
Mapp, Gillian C. T. "Shame and the rejected self." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650269.
Abstract:
The research adopted a qualitative, idiographic design to explore the lived experiences of eight individuals who had persistent enuresis (they were bedwetting until at least 15/16 years old). The current literature base on enuresis has predominately been conducted on children and there is a scarcity of research conducted into persistent enuresis. Research has been conducted into the impact of enuresis, which has predominately relied on quantitative methods and has often relied on parental reports. This research aimed to deepen the understanding of persistent enuresis and explore the experience. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). There was an over-arching theme that appeared to run throughout all of the participants' experiences, which was the fear of rejection. This fear appeared to significantly impact on how the participants related to other people. Three superordinate themes were identified. The first superordinate theme titled 'Self-Evaluations' describes the psychological experience of bedwetting. It describes the emotional and cognitive experience of bedwetting. The second superordinate theme, titled 'The Relational Experience' describes the experience of bedwetting on a number of different significant relationships. The last superordinate theme, titled 'The Concealment' describes the actions the participants adopted in order to prevent detection. Each of these superordinate themes was further divided into sub-themes and was illustrated by verbatim accounts from the participants. The fundamental findings and theoretical insights are discussed which appeared to revolve around balancing acceptance and rejection in relation to the self and other people. Persistent enuresis can have profound psychosocial implications. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed along with recommendations for future work.
24
Bennett, R. "Shame and psychopathology in adolescence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446541/.
Abstract:
Shame has been theorised to contribute to several areas of psychopathology that are particularly prominent in adolescence. However, it is an area that has received little attention in empirical research to date. In order to explore the role of shame in the development of adolescent psychological problems, a cross-sectional study was conducted which involved one hundred and sixty teenagers from an Inner London school. Data regarding psychological problems, current shame-proneness, and perception of parenting were collected via questionnaires. Adolescent psychological problems were shown to be associated with shame and no effect was found for age or gender. It was also found that shame, parental styles of overprotection and emotional unavailability, and psychological problems were all related in adolescence, similar to previous findings with adults, and that shame partially mediated the relationships of parenting styles and emotional problems. Furthermore, the independent effect of shame seemed to have a greater effect on psychological problems than did peer group difficulties, which may suggest that even through the 'rebellious' phase of adolescence, parenting style holds more importance psychologically, to the teenager, than peer relationships. The findings imply that feelings of shame may be a useful focus in therapy with teenagers and that preventative interventions aimed at altering parenting style could be implemented before the child reaches adolescence for a better effect.
25
Earl, Colin. "Shame, admiration, and self-esteem." Thesis, Earl, Colin (2006) Shame, admiration, and self-esteem. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/448/.
Abstract:
This thesis is an exploration of the shame that inheres in not being able to self-admire. I call this incapacity to admire oneself ontological shame, and I argue that it is the source of the masquerades, concealments and negative emotions that surround the pursuit and defence of a self-esteem founded on an impoverished form of pride. I argue that there is a radical asymmetry between our admiration and esteem for others and how we evaluate our own sense of self-worth. Where admiration at its highest pitch is the wonderful agape experience of apprehending preciousness in others, our own sense of self-worth is limited to experiences of pride and other forms of self-affirmation; none of which allow us the joy of seeing ourselves as wonders in the world. Because we can admire and want to be admired, not being able to self-admire amounts to a limitation of a sort which carries with it a primordial resentment against life itself. It is largely how we respond to our ontological limitation and to our resentment that determines the positive or negative manner in which we interact with others, and whether or not we are likely to have an envious or humble disposition.
In the first three chapters I lay the groundwork for the main argument of the thesis by highlighting the difficulties self-esteem theorists have in agreeing upon the value of 'high' self-esteem, introduce the relation between self-esteem and shame, argue for a distinction between self-esteem and public esteem, and provide an account of the gift-exchange nature of admiration which explains why we cannot self-admire. In the central chapters I focus on shame; on acts of concealment that can be either appropriate covering for, or deceitful denial of our ontological limitation; how self-worth is created through a reconciliation to shame, and why the 'self-act dissociation' theories of guilt fail to capture the shame attached to 'being guilty' of a wrongdoing. In Chapters Seven and Eight I examine envy, first in how it can be disguised as moral resentment; how it differs to admiration in its role in emulation, and finally how as a disposition it stands in stark contrast to humility. It is in humility that we grasp the benefits associated with our own incapacity to self-admire through our need to interact and exchange gifts with others.
26
Earl, Colin. "Shame, admiration, and self-esteem." Earl, Colin (2006) Shame, admiration, and self-esteem. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/448/.
Abstract:
This thesis is an exploration of the shame that inheres in not being able to self-admire. I call this incapacity to admire oneself ontological shame, and I argue that it is the source of the masquerades, concealments and negative emotions that surround the pursuit and defence of a self-esteem founded on an impoverished form of pride. I argue that there is a radical asymmetry between our admiration and esteem for others and how we evaluate our own sense of self-worth. Where admiration at its highest pitch is the wonderful agape experience of apprehending preciousness in others, our own sense of self-worth is limited to experiences of pride and other forms of self-affirmation; none of which allow us the joy of seeing ourselves as wonders in the world. Because we can admire and want to be admired, not being able to self-admire amounts to a limitation of a sort which carries with it a primordial resentment against life itself. It is largely how we respond to our ontological limitation and to our resentment that determines the positive or negative manner in which we interact with others, and whether or not we are likely to have an envious or humble disposition.
In the first three chapters I lay the groundwork for the main argument of the thesis by highlighting the difficulties self-esteem theorists have in agreeing upon the value of 'high' self-esteem, introduce the relation between self-esteem and shame, argue for a distinction between self-esteem and public esteem, and provide an account of the gift-exchange nature of admiration which explains why we cannot self-admire. In the central chapters I focus on shame; on acts of concealment that can be either appropriate covering for, or deceitful denial of our ontological limitation; how self-worth is created through a reconciliation to shame, and why the 'self-act dissociation' theories of guilt fail to capture the shame attached to 'being guilty' of a wrongdoing. In Chapters Seven and Eight I examine envy, first in how it can be disguised as moral resentment; how it differs to admiration in its role in emulation, and finally how as a disposition it stands in stark contrast to humility. It is in humility that we grasp the benefits associated with our own incapacity to self-admire through our need to interact and exchange gifts with others.
27
Sherwood, John. "Biblical ministry in a shame culture." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
28
Johnston, Cindy M. "Development of the Adolescent Internalized Shame Scale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/MQ50700.pdf.
29
Singleton, Joanne Helen. "Shame in adults : exploring the relationships between shame, attachment, the family system and psychologcal outcome." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444865.
30
Ling, Heidi. "Shame in adolescents : the relationship between shame and anger and the role of self compassion." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576496.
Abstract:
Background: Previous studies suggest there is a relationship between shame and anger but findings are somewhat inconsistent. Research on self compassion is still in its infancy but it has been suggested to be a protective factor for a number of psychopathologies. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between shame and anger in an adolescent sample and whether self compassion was a moderator in this relationship. The study also aimed to further distinguish between self compassion and self esteem by considering the former's relationship to anger when controlling for the benefits of self esteem. Method: The study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of 145 young people aged between 14 and 17 years old. Participants completed measures of shame, self compassion, anger, depression and self esteem. Analysis was conducted using multiple regression. Results: The analysis revealed that shame was a significant predictor of trait anger and anger expression when controlling for self esteem and depression. Self compassion was not found to be a moderator of the relationship between shame and trait anger. Finally self compassion predicted unique variance in trait anger when controlling for self esteem. Discussion: Findings demonstrate an association between shame and anger that could be explained by theories that suggest the painful experience of shame leads to anger (Lewis, 1971). Self compassion was found to be highly correlated with shame which may explain the non significant moderator finding. Self compassion appears to better predict lower levels of anger possibly due to its non evaluative nature. This study is limited by its methodology as casual assumptions cannot be inferred.
31
Rice, Frank D. "An Old Testament concept of shame." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
32
Powell, Meriel. "Exploring the territory of shame : building awareness of ways in and out of shame through a co-creative investigation of metaphors around the shame experience." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21310/.
Abstract:
The aim of the present qualitative heuristic and hermeneutic phenomenological study was to create a broad and accurate picture of the shame affect and provide both a description of the experience of the torment of shame, and ways out of shame. Five experienced psychotherapists, interested in shame, working as supervisors, trainers, managers of counselling and psychotherapy services, and writers of psychotherapy books, participated in seven semi-structured interviews totalling seven hours. The interviews focused on the use of metaphors when working with shame issues in therapy, supervision and training, which yielded 2155 metaphors. A thematic analysis was conducted on the 301 rated strongest metaphors in the data, which were coded and put into themes and sub-themes. This was condensed into a detailed discussion on the 22 most poetical and striking multi-layered conceptual metaphors offering the richest descriptions of the nature of shame and ways of dealing with it. The analysis initially produced a picture of the phenomenon of shame as a complex process, made up of negative, positive and middle-ground metaphors about defences which were called ‘bridging’ metaphors. This showed shame as an experience of Isolation, Powerlessness, Sensory agony, Self-consciousness and Woundedness, with multiple ways of presenting itself (or camouflaging itself). The analysis also showed key consistent themes of ways out of shame as a secure Relationship, involving core conditions of warmth, non-judgementalism, empathy and trust; Knowledge, involving curiosity, vulnerability, recognising, exploring and understanding; Creativity involving imaginative/unorthodox use of language, inner and outer dialogue and image, creative adjustments and strategies; and Acceptance, involving acknowledging and accepting shame compassionately, with good humour, as a normal part of life. Defence mechanisms, both helpful to protect us, and unhelpful, to maintain stuck shame positions, were identified. Shame work involves becoming familiar with the deep and wide phenomenon of shame, talking about it, understanding the defences that hold us in shame, working through and reconciling to the reality of shame. The researchers’ metaphorical journey of exploration through the multi-faceted landscape of shame with the participants and her own seven year study of the heuristic shame experience led to healing and crystallisation. The metaphors were integrated into a map of the territory of shame, held together in the wisdom offered in 09’s metaphor: “Love is the antidote to shame”. The concepts of “The Four E’s of Shame: Entering, Engaging with, Expressing and Embracing shame”, and also “Creative Assertiveness” were introduced.
33
Wickström, Elisabeth. "Låt oss tala om skam! : Psykoterapeuters upplevelser av att arbeta med skam." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5276.
Abstract:
Introduction: Shame seems to be one of our most unpleasant emotions. There are connections between shame and depression, acute stress syndrome and it is one of the main reason for committing suicide. Questions: What are psychotherapist´ views on the role of shame in the therapeutic process? Which are psychotherapist experiences when reducing shame has had a positive impact on humans well being? On the contrary what prevents us regulating shame and what are the difficulties in working with shame? Method: The study has a qualitative and hermeneutic approach and method of analysis is thematic. Five experienced psychotherapists participate. Result: Therapists have no experience of working with shame as a primary emotion. People are seeking therapy when shame is observed as anxiety or as a defence. Shame prevents us from our deep feelings as anger, sadness, love and interest etc. The non-verbal markers of shame do something with the whole personality and are close to our opinion about our self, that who I am. Discussion: The experience of shame reminds of the experience of anxiety and fear. Thereby we need to treat shame in the same way as we treat anxiety given Malan´s triangle of conflict. Otherwise the risk is high that the patient terminates treatment prematurely. The contrary to shame is that we are lovable and we need to reach that experience if we will be able to regulate shame in treatment. To achieve these, qualities as self-compassion, acceptance, non-judgemental is needed. Furthermore the therapist´ ability to create an alliance and that we start to speak about shame are important.Inledning: Skammen räknas som en av våra mest obehagliga känslor. Skam har stor inverkan på människor och det finns samband mellan svåra skamkänslor och depression, utmattningssyndrom och självmordshandlingar. Frågeställningar: Vad är psykoterapeuters syn på skammens roll i den terapeutiska processen? Vilka är psykoterapeuters erfarenheter där skamlindring varit viktigt för patientens tillfrisknande? Vilka är psykoterapeuters erfarenhet av skamlindring som hinder för patientens tillfrisknande? Vilka svårigheter finns för att arbeta med skam i terapirummet? Metod: Studien är kvalitativ med en hermeneutisk ansats och analysmetod är temaanlys. Fem erfarna legitimerade psykoterapeuter deltar. Resultat: Terapeuterna har ingen erfarenhet att arbeta med skam som grundaffekt. Människor söker terapi när skammen yttrar sig som en ångestkänsla eller försvar. Skammen hindrar oss att känna våra djupa känslor som vrede, sorg, kärlek, intresse etc. Det finns kännetecken på skam som gör något med hela personligheten och som ligger närma uppfattningen om sig själv, det jag är. Diskussion: Upplevelsen av skam påminner om ångest och rädsla. Vi behöver därför behandla skammen på samma sätt som vi arbetar med ångest utifrån Malans affekttriangel, annars är risken stor att vi tappar patienten. På det djupaste planet är skammens motpol att vara värd att älskas och vi behöver nå dit för att verkligen lindra skammen. Det krävs kvaliteter som självmedkänsla, acceptans, icke-dömande, terapeutens förmåga att skapa allians och att vi börjar prata om skam.
34
Sedighimornani, Neda. "Inquiry into shame : exploring mindfulness, self-compassion, acceptance, and mind-wandering as methods of shame management." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687350.
Abstract:
Shame is a complex emotion and often discussed with reluctance; these feelings are usually incapacitating and unbearable. In this thesis, four studies explored aspects of shame vulnerability and shame management. First, a cross-sectional study (n = 240) was carried out to assess factors contributing to the experience of shame. This study demonstrated that negative self-judgment and submissive coping strategies accounted for a significant variance in shame above and beyond the effects of recall of adverse childhood experiences, and that negative self-judgment fully mediated the relationship between recall of childhood experiences and shame. The second study (n = 140 and n = 415) examined the underlying factor structure of a new measure: the Acceptance of Shame and Embarrassment Scale (ASES). Factor analysis in both samples revealed that the ASES had good internal consistency and construct validity. Thirdly, a cross sectional study (n = 159) considered self-compassion and mindfulness as methods of shame management and demonstrated that mindful and self-compassionate were significantly and negatively correlated with the experience of shame. In addition, this study showed that self-compassion fully mediated the mindfulness-shame relationship. The final experimental study (n = 120) assessed the effect of shame on mind wandering. Participants were assigned to shame, pride, or control conditions, and mind wandering during a subsequent reading task was measured using retrospective and behavioural methods. Inducing feelings of shame did not have a significant effect on mind wandering. Overall, these studies suggested that (a) adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with negative self-judgment and shame, (b) adopting submissive coping strategies is likely to increase the chance of shame vulnerability, (c) the Acceptance of Shame and Embarrassment Scale had promising psychometric properties for assessing acceptance of shame and embarrassment experiences, (d) self-compassion mediated the relationship between mindfulness and shame, and (e) inducing feelings of shame did not have a significant effect on mind wandering.
35
Gridley, Barry. "The effect of a 10 week seminar on shame in relationships on marital satisfaction for Christian couples." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
36
Bashoor, Michael Scott. ""Let me not be ashamed" divine protection from shame in Psalm 25 /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
37
Seu, Irene Bruna. "A psychoanalytic feminist inquiry into shame." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317507/.
Abstract:
This thesis offers an inquiry into shame; in particular a reading of some women's lived experience of shame from a psychoanalytic and feminist perspective. This work also reflects critically on epistemological issues and tensions between the adoption of qualitative methods of research and psychoanalytic, feminist and post-structuralist readings of texts. The thesis starts with an outline of its contents, a reflexive history of the research, and a brief introduction on shame. Chapters one to three review the main body of literature on shame, critically reflecting on how shame is constructed within different theoretical frameworks. This investigation begins with the work of Sigmund Freud and the different constructions of shame in Freudian metapsychology (chapter one) and continues with a review of the literature on the role of shame in social and interpsychic dynamics (chapter two). Chapter three focuses on the literature arguing for a crucial link between shame and femininity. Epistemological and methodological issues are discussed in chapters four; while chapter five provides a detailed description of how the research was carried out and of the analysis of the text. Chapters six to ten are based on in-depth semi-structured interviews on women's experience of shame. The discursive analysis investigates the ideological function of the shameful subject position within the context of the themes identified in the thematic decomposition of the interviews. The conclusion summaries and reflects on the thesis as a whole; it also comments on some implications of the different readings of shame proposed in the thesis.
38
Nowill, Joanna Elizabeth. "Shame, guilt and mental health problems." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/113729.
Abstract:
This thesis comprises three main sections: a literature review, research report and a critical appraisal of the research process. The literature reviewed is the current scientific literature relating to shame and guilt. The review attempts to clarify the conceptual confusion regarding shame and guilt and in particular attempts to delineate the distinctions between the two constructs whilst acknowleding the intricate and entwined relationship. The review also attempts to clarify the confusion regarding the role of guilt and its capacity to elicit both adaptive and maladaptive responses according to the way in which it is operationalised and conceptualised. The importance of the relationship between shame, guilt and mental health problems is presented with supporting empirical evidence. It is concluded that a new shame and guilt measure is required to show how shame and the maladaptive and adaptive aspects of guilt can be operationalised. It is hoped that this will enable future researchers to consider incorporating a profile approach to guilt in particular and that clinicians will consider the multiple and complex roles of shame and guilt in relation to psychological symptoms. The research report (Section 2) comprises two studies. Study 1 is the design, development and piloting of the new questionnaire assessing dispositional shame and guilt. The new measure is constructed and validity tested using an inductive approach. Study 2 is the use of the new measure with a forensic clinical sample and the relationship between guilt, shame and psychological symptoms is examined. It is hoped that this study will encourage researchers to locate future investigations within the clinical population. The final section is the researcher's critical appraisal of the research process based on her personal diary. This section is reflective and considers the impact of the research process on the researcher, the highs and lows of the research process and what changes the researcher might make.
39
Brown, Susan M. "Shame & psychological distress in obesity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/964/.
Abstract:
The following research thesis discusses issues relevant to shame and psychological distress in women who are overweight or obese. The literature review summarises current knowledge regarding the relationship between binge eating and depression in obesity. Although largely based upon literature from the field of psychiatry, the review is intended to provide an overview for clinical psychologists. The literature is critically evaluated in terms of methodologies and theoretical approaches, and ideas for further research are suggested. In the final section, the clinical implications of the literature for clinical psychologists working with clients who are overweight and who binge eat are discussed. The brief paper explores the factor structure of an extended version of the "Experience of Shame Scale" (E. S. S. ) and the reliability of the extended scale in a community sample of women. Principal components analysis revealed that a three-factor solution was appropriate for this sample, demonstrating that the salient factors of shame in women are: - characterological shame, behavioural shame and bodily shame. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to measure shame in a community sample of women. The main paper investigates shame and psychological distress in a community sample of women who are overweight or obese. The study compares four groups of women, categorized according to Body Mass Index. The results demonstrated that women who were severely obese experienced significantly higher levels of shame and psychological distress than all other groups. They received significantly higher scores on all four subscales of the E. S. S (characterological, behavioural, bodily and eating shame) and also had significantly lower self esteem. The reflective review discusses issues arising from the research which may be of benefit to other applied and professional psychologists. It is divided into five sections - personal reflections on the research process, ethical considerations, methodological issues, empowerment in research and the use of psychiatric terminology in this study.
40
Xuereb, Sharon. "Shame, guilt, and denial in offenders." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20892/.
Abstract:
This thesis examined shame, guilt, and denial in sexual, violent, and general offenders, aiming to reach a clear conceptualisation of these concepts. Hence a measure of shame, guilt, and denial was developed for use with offenders. The research also examined the association of shame, guilt, and denial with more stable variables. Through a consultation with 39 experts, Study 1 identified attributes of shame, guilt, and denial. Study 2 was conducted with 339 male offenders. It was predicted that shame and guilt would not be confirmed as distinct concepts. The emerging model comprised three stable/chronic factors: Chronic distress and low self-worth, Chronic responsibility and self-blame, and Emotional capacity and perspective-taking; and five offence-related factors: Acknowledging responsibility, Distress and rejection, Minimisation of harm, Lack of negative emotion, and Functions of denial. Study 3 was conducted with 349 male and 196 female offenders, and coping styles were examined. It was predicted that chronic and offence-related distress would positively correlate with emotional and avoidant coping, while offence-related distress would also negatively correlate with rational and detached coping. It was also predicted that offence-denial would positively correlate with avoidant coping. These predictions were supported. In addition, the conceptual structure emerging from study 2 was confirmed after three factors with lower reliability were removed; and minor changes to the remalning factors were made. Study 4 was conducted with 405 male offenders, and included measures of self-esteem and maladaptive personality traits. It was predicted that self-esteem would negatively correlate with chronic distress and responsibility, and have a non-significant relationship with offence-denial. It was also predicted that maladaptive personality traits would positively correlate with chronic distress, chronic responsibility, and offencedenial. These predictions were supported, and the proposed concepts were again confirmed after small changes. Contrary to predictions, sexual offenders did not report more chronic distress, offence-related distress, or offence-denial. The current research indicates that distress and responsibility are better able to describe offenders' chronic and offence-related experiences than shame, guilt, and denial. In addition, while literature on offence-denial focuses on sexual offenders, this PhD shows that this concept is valid for all offenders.
41
Clough, Miryam. "Shame : the church and female sexuality." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681741.
Abstract:
This thesis explores a hypothesis that shame has historically been, and continues to be, used by the patriarchal Christian Church as a mechanism to control and regulate female sexuality and to displace men's ambivalence about sex. Using historical examples of shame appraised in the light of contemporary feminist theological and theoretical scholarship and supported by insights from sociology, psychology, neuroscience and psychoanalysis, the thesis seeks to understand why the Church as an institution has colluded with the shaming of individuals and why women are overtly shamed on account of, and indeed take the blame for sex. An enquiry into men's sexual ambivalence suggests that the violence that too often accompanies it in masculinist systems is generated by unacknowledged shame and existential anxiety. Shame strikes at the heart of human individuals rupturing relationships, extinguishing joy and enthusiasm for life and, at times, provoking conflict and violence. The thesis examines whether the avoidance of shame is functional in men's efforts to adhere to patriarchal gender norms and religious ideals (is shame avoidance experienced as crucial to men's survival as the dominant gender), and whether women 'carry the can' for this. A study of Ireland's Magdalen laundries is used as a means of elucidating and illustrating the role of shame more specifically in the Irish Catholic Church, and as such the thesis primarily engages with a period that began with the founding of the asylums (as they were then known) in the late 1700s, saw the closure of the last Magdalen laundry in Dublin in 1996, and is presently witnessing calls to redress this shaming and shameful treatment of women. This case study is chosen for the light it sheds on the broader context of the Christian churches as they engage (or not) with current feminist and gender concerns.
42
Griffin, David A. "Shame reduction in sexually addicted men." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0339.
43
Lowry, Eddie R. "Thersites : a study in comic shame /." New York : Garland publ, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35698372k.
44
Blomstedt, Jan. "Shame and guilt : Diderot's moral rhetoric /." Jyväskylä [Finlande] : University of Jyväskylä, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37024811k.
45
Lawson, Martha Lynn. "Shame and forgiveness reconciling the differences /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
46
Gausel, Nicolay. "Uncovering the pro-social potential of shame with a differential model of shame-related appraisals and feelings." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506802.
47
Chen, Yanyan. "The influence of shame on status consumption with restorative tendency as shame response within a Chinese context." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48593/.
Abstract:
Shame is a universal but painful emotion which is known to most people. Major research reported in the shame literature has focused on the response to shame within the behavioral tendencies of withdrawal (Dickerson, Gruenewald & Kemeny, 2004; Kemeny, Gruenewald & Dickerson, 2004; Tangney, Mashek & Stuewig, 2005), and of externalization (Baumeister, Smart & Boden, 1996; Bushman & Baumeister, 1998; Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher & Gramzow, 1992). Recent discussion on shame response suggests that shame also leads to a restorative tendency through self-improvement and enhancement (Gausel, Leach, Vignoles & Brown, 2012). This is a result of most previous studies being conducted within a Western context where cultures devalue shame and see it as a totally negative emotion which should be avoided. Conversely, Eastern cultures are shame-affirming cultures and often see shame as a motivation for improvement. These different attitudes towards shame and different behavioral tendencies have recently been discussed in the shame literature (Skeikh, 2014). However, Sheikh (2014) provides only a conceptual idea of the shame response of restorative tendency, while lacking support from empirical evidence. This gap is important, yet poorly studied by researchers. To bridge the gap, this research aims to examine shame and its response of restorative tendency by providing qualitative evidence with linguistic examples of a shame restorative tendency. Further, though existing studies pay significant attention to the role of shame in regulating one’s behavior, most consider it in terms of the negativity of withdrawal and externalizing tendencies (Cohen, Wolf, Panter & Insko, 2011; Tangney, et al., 1992; Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Few recent studies focus on shame’s restorative role in regulating behavior (Tangney, Stuewig & Martinez, 2014). Additionally, most of these studies limit their focus within fields such as psychology (Scheff, 2014) and sociology (Gilbert, 2003). Research on the impact of shame in the consumption field is scarce. Therefore, following recent discussion on shame restorative tendency, and aiming to supplement existing knowledge on shame in consumption behavior, this research adapts self-affirmation theory and self-regulation theory in investigating the influence of shame in the context of status consumption. The research employs a mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Incorporating a linguistic corpus analysis, the qualitative approach allows the investigation of the concept of shame and its causes and responses with Chinese and English corpus. Linguistic evidence supports the mainstream view of shame (Tangney, Miller, Flicker & Barlow, 1996; Tangney & Dearing, 2002) where self-attack is a cause of shame, and withdrawal and externalizing behaviors are responses to shame. More importantly, it confirms the alternative response to shame with restorative tendency raised in recent discussions (Gausel, et al., 2012; Sheikh, 2014), and provides substantial examples of restorative behaviors. Following this, a paper-based survey questionnaire distributed to Chinese consumers (n=210), aims to test the impact of shame on the consumption field with its response of restorative tendency. Stepwise hierarchical regression results highlight the influence of shame on consumer status consumption. It shows that consumers with high shame proneness are more likely to participate in status consumption, but only under the condition of a high independent construal of the self. To further examine the linkage between shame and status consumption, we then conduct three experimental studies. Study 1 (n=106) aims to investigate the impact of feeling shame on status consumption. Results suggest that the group with aroused feelings of shame demonstrates a higher intention to purchase status products. Study 2 (n=114) aims to test whether shame impacts consumer’s preferences for conspicuousness when both products are considered as status products. Results in this study found that consumers with primed shame feelings show a higher preference for status products with high conspicuousness, i.e., loud products. Study 3 (n=125) explores the moderating effect on shame and status consumption due to the relationships between consumers and those who accompany them, i.e., psychological proximity to others. Results suggest that when a consumer is accompanied by someone with whom they have a close relationship, the consumer’s feelings of shame are more likely to transfer into status consumption since they place high importance on those significant others with whom they share psychological proximity, rather than those with whom they have distant relationships. This research extends the existing literature by testing the influence of shame on status consumption with its restorative tendency. The corpus analysis helps to advance our understanding of shame responses and confirm a restorative tendency as an alternative response to shame, rather than merely the withdrawal or externalizing tendencies drawn from Western literature. This research fills this gap by providing linguistic evidence of restorative actions as a shame response, and provides the preconditions for testing the impact of shame on status consumption in the quantitative approach which follows. Most importantly, the quantitative part of this research adds to the existing consumption literature with status consumption as a restorative tendency responding to shame. By applying self-affirmation theory and self-regulation theory to build the conceptual model, this research also broadens the theorist’s discernment of shame on status consumption by explaining the mechanism of shame with response restorative tendency, which then leads to status consumption. Further, findings from extended studies on the impact of shame on status consumption with conspicuousness and psychological proximity offer insights for advertising agencies or marketing organizations demonstrating the practical implications of shame appeals.
48
Gaynor, Danielle. "First time mothers : exploring the relationship between shame memories, and the experiences of shame, compassion and motherhood." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5382/.
Abstract:
Background Shame memories from childhood/adolescence, which operate as traumatic memories and become central to personal identity, have been associated with shame in adulthood. Shame has been reported in the context of motherhood but not yet investigated within Gilbert’s (1998, 2010) biopsychosocial framework. Self-compassion, as an orientation to care for oneself has been found to buffer people against the psychological impact of stressful events, such as the transition to motherhood. Aims Drawing on the biopsychosocial framework, this study aimed firstly to profile the shame memories of first time mothers in the UK and Ireland. Secondly, it aimed to explore the relationships between the traumatic and centrality features of shame memories, shame, compassion, fears of compassion and emotional adjustment to motherhood. Method Drawing on a critical realist epistemological position, this study adopted a crosssectional, quantitative approach. New mothers (N = 133) across the UK and Ireland were recruited on social media forums to complete a series of established self-report questionnaires via an online survey platform. Results The most frequently selected category of shame situation recalled by mothers was ‘exposure of perceived negative personal attributes, characteristics, behaviour to others’ (N = 34). Canonical correlation analysis revealed that shame memories predicted shame, compassion and fears of compassion. Multiple regression analysis revealed self-compassion to be the only significant predictor of emotional adjustment to motherhood in the model. Shame did not moderate this relationship. iii Conclusion Participants experienced shame, fears of receiving compassion and low levels of self-compassion suggesting that they may be experiencing distress with insufficient access to self-soothing skills. Nonetheless, a more selfcompassionate attitude was associated with greater emotional adjustment to motherhood. Perinatal health services are advised to promote the development of compassion at all levels.
49
Onslow, Christopher E., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "The transformational healing journey from universal shame : a phenomenological-grounded theory inquiry." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/1290.
Abstract:
A phenomenological-grounded theory methodology was utilized to explore the
transformational healing journeys of five Caucasian men in recovery from pervasive
shame in their lives. An overview of several western approaches to treating shame are
included, as well as two predominant Universal Developmental theories of shame and its
link to the resolution of narcissism. During the thematic analysis of the interviews,
thirteen themes were derived, which constituted a chronological depiction of the story of
shame, as it unfolded in the lives of the participants. Additionally, an in-depth look at the
families of origin, and the beginnings of shame in the participants’ lives is presented, as
well as a picture of how their lives are now, after recovery from their shame. Implications
for counseling were addressed.ix, 196 leaves ; 29 cm
50
Macey, Emma Abigail. "The investigation of shame in forensic populations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25745.
Abstract:
It has been highlighted that shame may be an important dynamic risk factor for prevention of violence and recidivism in forensic populations. However, past research investigating the relationship between shame and violence, or recidivism has been inconsistent. Different conceptualisations and measurements of shame used in the literature may explain these inconsistencies. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to explore how shame was conceptualised in forensic populations and these measures were then evaluated. Findings revealed that most studies did not clearly define shame, and when they did, the same theoretical underpinnings were used in different ways. By assessing the validity and reliability of shame measures, it was revealed that different measures focused on different aspects of shame. This could explain the current confusion in the conceptualisation and measurement of shame in forensic populations, and shed light on inconsistent findings between shame and other constructs. Shame in violent female offenders is an unexplored phenomenon and therefore may involve various complex and unexpected factors. A social constructivist grounded theory approach was applied to the narratives of eight violent female offenders, focusing on thoughts, feelings and life experiences in relation to shame and violence. A model was constructed suggesting that childhood victimisation, in the absence of available, compassionate, secure relationships, may lead to difficulties with emotion regulation. The experience of negative emotions, including shame, may lead to self-harm, substance misuse and violence. It was however demonstrated that this vicious cycle could be broken through the development of secure, positive and compassionate relationships. These findings suggest that shame and attachment may be important factors for treatment and service planning, to meet the unique needs of female offenders.