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Sedighimornani, Neda. "Inquiry into shame : exploring mindfulness, self-compassion, acceptance, and mind-wandering as methods of shame management." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687350.
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Shame is a complex emotion and often discussed with reluctance; these feelings are usually incapacitating and unbearable. In this thesis, four studies explored aspects of shame vulnerability and shame management. First, a cross-sectional study (n = 240) was carried out to assess factors contributing to the experience of shame. This study demonstrated that negative self-judgment and submissive coping strategies accounted for a significant variance in shame above and beyond the effects of recall of adverse childhood experiences, and that negative self-judgment fully mediated the relationship between recall of childhood experiences and shame. The second study (n = 140 and n = 415) examined the underlying factor structure of a new measure: the Acceptance of Shame and Embarrassment Scale (ASES). Factor analysis in both samples revealed that the ASES had good internal consistency and construct validity. Thirdly, a cross sectional study (n = 159) considered self-compassion and mindfulness as methods of shame management and demonstrated that mindful and self-compassionate were significantly and negatively correlated with the experience of shame. In addition, this study showed that self-compassion fully mediated the mindfulness-shame relationship. The final experimental study (n = 120) assessed the effect of shame on mind wandering. Participants were assigned to shame, pride, or control conditions, and mind wandering during a subsequent reading task was measured using retrospective and behavioural methods. Inducing feelings of shame did not have a significant effect on mind wandering. Overall, these studies suggested that (a) adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with negative self-judgment and shame, (b) adopting submissive coping strategies is likely to increase the chance of shame vulnerability, (c) the Acceptance of Shame and Embarrassment Scale had promising psychometric properties for assessing acceptance of shame and embarrassment experiences, (d) self-compassion mediated the relationship between mindfulness and shame, and (e) inducing feelings of shame did not have a significant effect on mind wandering.
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Shin, Hwayeon Helene, and helene shin@abs gov au. "Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.142503.
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This study addresses the question of how an individuals perception of the
safety of his or her institutional space impacts on shame management
skills. Shame has been widely recognised as a core emotion that can readily
take the form of anger and violence in interpersonal relationships if it is
unresolved. When shame is not acknowledged properly, feelings of shame
build up and lead to shame-rage spirals that break down social bonds
between people. Some might consider the total avoidance of shame
experiences as a way to cut the link between shame and violence. However,
there is a reason why we cannot just discard the experience of shame. Shame
is a self-regulatory emotion (Braithwaite, 1989, 2002; Ahmed et al., 2001).
If one feels shame over wrongdoing, one is less likely to re-offend in the
future. That is to say, shame is a destructive emotion on the one hand in
the way it can destroy our social bonds, but on the other hand, it is a
moral emotion that reflects capacity to regulate each other and ourselves.
This paradoxical nature of shame gives rise to the necessity of managing
shame in a socially adaptive way. A group of scholars in the field of shame
has argued that institutions can be designed in such a way that they create
safe space that allows people to feel shame and manage shame without its
adverse consequences (Ahmed et al., 2001). This means that people would
feel safe to acknowledge shame and accept the consequences of their actions
without fear of stigmatisation or the disruption of social bonds. Without
fear, there would be less likelihood of displacing shame, that is, blaming
others and expressing shame as anger towards others. The context adopted
for empirically examining shame management in this study is workplace
bullying. Bullying has become a dangerous phenomenon in our workplace that
imposes significant costs on employers, employees, their families and
industries as a whole (Einarsen et al., 2003a). Teachers belong to a
professional group that is reputed to be seriously affected by bullying at
work. Teachers from Australia and Korea completed self-report
questionnaires anonymously. Three shame management styles were identified:
shame acknowledgement, shame displacement and (shame) withdrawal. The
likely strengths of these shame management styles were investigated in
terms of three factors postulated as contributions to institutional safe
space: that is, 1) cultural value orientations, 2) the salience of
workgroup identity, and 3) problem resolution practices at work. The
present thesis suggests that further consideration should be given to
institutional interventions that support and maintain institutional safe
space and that encourage shame acknowledgement, while dampening the adverse
effect of defensive shame management. The evidence presented in this thesis
is a first step in demonstrating that institutional safe space and shame
management skills are empirically measurable, are relevant in other
cultural contexts and address issues that are at the heart of the human
condition everywhere........ [For the full Abstract, see the PDF files
below]
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Shin, Hwayeon Helene. "Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Thesis Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061114.142503/index.html.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "The Nature and Management of Shame from a Multiple Identities StructurationPerspective." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/821.
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Piazza, J. R. "The Evolutionary Psychology of Information Management : Gossip, Secrecy and Shame in Evolutionary Perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527889.
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Daniels, Michael A. "Shame as an Alternate Mechanism for the Abusive Supervision-Performance Relation and the Role of Power Distance Values." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1436002331.
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Jimenez-Andrade, Jesus Rodolfo. "Fifteen Minutes of Shame: A Multilevel Approach of the Antecedents and Effects of Corporate Accounting Scandals." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1525741512409321.
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Rojas, Rojas William. "Humiliation et honte causées par des pratiques de gestion inhumaines : Étude de cas (Cali-Colombie)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1001/document.
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L'application des pratiques de gestion inhumaines (PGI) conforme un phénomène qui ne tient pas en considération l'horizon philosophique du projet culturel moderne fondé sur un corpus idéologique, juridique et politique reconnaissant l'humanité de toutes les personnes. La perspective théorique sur les PGI que nous présentons ici permet d'examiner et de définir les mauvais traitements provenant des décisions de gestion qui sont adoptées et mises en œuvre à partir d'une rationalité instrumentale et sans tenir compte de la souffrance qu'elles peuvent causer aux travailleurs. Les PGI sont caractérisées par l'utilisation de moyens intimidants et dégradants qui visent à éliminer ceux qui sont considérés comme gênants ou superflus par une direction dont l'unique but est de triompher sur le marché globalisé, régi par la loi de la rentabilité maximum de l'investissement. Les PGI dans les organisations contemporaines ne rendent pas compte d'une condition essentielle de la conduite humaine, pour autant nous ne les abordons pas dans une perspective généraliste, mais depuis la spécificité d'un lieu et d'un temps déterminés. De là, surgit l'intérêt pour déterminer pourquoi et comment l'on porte atteinte, dans le contexte local, à l'humanité du travailleur à travers les PGI. S'il est vrai que dans le milieu du travail, il existe une relation de subordination incontournable, nous soulignons, pour l'analyse des PGI, le rôle des sciences humaines, car à partir de celles-ci il est possible de repérer des contextes, des situations, des tensions, ainsi que les causes et les divers facteurs qui interviennent pour que dans le monde de l'entreprise contemporain certaines directions transgressent les principes qui régissent un traitement humain. Les organisations doivent donc reconnaître et faire valoir les postulats qui sous-tendent « l'idéal » selon lequel tous les travailleurs sont des êtres dignes, libres, égaux, autonomes, respectables qui ont le droit per se au bien vivre. La souffrance psychique provoquée par le mauvais traitement dans le milieu de l'entreprise est le résultat de la violation des droits de l'homme, l'humiliation et la honte sont des sentiments qui surgissent chez la personne que l'on méprise et que l'on déshumanise. Nous avons pu démontrer à partir de ce travail de terrain ethnographique (il est structuré en deux récits : perspective des cadres et perspective des ouvriers) dans l'organisation C-Colombia (1993-2005), que le pouvoir et l'autorité dans cette entreprise ont toujours été utilisés pour favoriser une gestion inhumaine, incapable de reconnaître une série de conflits et de tensions pouvant se déchiffrer et se résoudre techniquement et moralement d'une façon plus respectueuse de la dignité des travailleurs dans la ligne d'une administration moderne humanisée.Mots clés : Inhumanité, Travail, Entreprise, Pratiques de gácticas administrativaestion inhumaines, Violence au travail, Humilliation, Mauvais traitement, HonteInhumane Administrative Practices (IAP) refer to certain systematic, calculated and planned violent exercises on the part of management, by which the termination of contracts with workers who are considered to be replaceable or are disruptive to the instrumental ends of an organization are possible. The theoretical perspective of IAP presented here examines and details strategies, actions, omissions and other administrative acts through which workers are mistreated, humiliated and shamed, so that they passively submit to productive dynamics, reject the possibility to join unions, accept “voluntary work arrangements”, or quit their labor affiliation. IAP is characterized, therefore, by the use of intimidation and degrading methods that injure the humanity of workers in the context of a production logic centered on the laws of the market and maximization of profits. IAP in organizations does not go against the essential condition of human behavior; therefore, it is not carried out from a generalist perspective, but rather from the specificity of place and prescribed timeframes. For this reason the practices through which IAP violates workers' humanity are characterized at the local level. In this study, conceptual reference in humanities are applied and are fundamental to examine the relationship of labor subordination, which, while it is possible to eliminate, is a continually weakening factor because of an abuse of power that fails to recognize working people as individuals who are dignified, free, equal, autonomous, respectable and therefore, individuals who have the right to a good life.The creation of a theoretical framework, then, seeks to contribute to the epistemological foundation that provides new analytical elements to the science of management in order to focus concrete practices of workplace violence far from the philosophical perspective of a modern culture with ideological, legal and political foundations that recognize the human condition of every person. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in the organization C-Colombia between 1993-2005 and is presented in two accounts: one from the perspective of management and another from the perspective of workers. The result demonstrates that power and authority in this enterprise was always applied with disregard to psychological human suffering. This behavior is a product of mistreatment and humiliation of workers, and is incapable of applying alternative approaches to those of narcissistic and productionist ends, in order to resolve problems that could be dealt with technically and morally in a more dignified manner.Key words: Inhumanity, work, enterprise, inhumane administrative practices, workplace violence, humiliation, mistreatment, shame
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Randell, Eva. "Adolescent boys’ health : managing emotions, masculinities and subjective social status." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23324.
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The health of adolescent boys is complex and surprisingly little is known about how adolescent boys perceive, conceptualise and experience their health. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore adolescent boys’ perceptions and experiences of health, emotions, masculinity and subjective social status (SSS). This thesis consists of a qualitative, a quantitative and a mixed methods study. The qualitative study aimed to explore how adolescent boys understand the concept of health and what they find important for its achievement. Furthermore, the adolescent boys’ views of masculinity, emotion management and their potential effects on wellbeing were explored. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with 33 adolescent boys aged 16-17 years. The quantitative study aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and health in adolescence. Data were collected through a cross-sectional postal survey with 705 adolescents. The purpose of the mixed methods study was to investigate associations between SSS in school, socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health (SRH), and to explore the concept of SSS in school. Cross-sectional data were combined with interview data in which the meaning of SSS was further explored. Individual interviews with 35 adolescents aged 17-18 years were conducted. In the qualitative study, data were analysed using Grounded Theory. In the quantitative study, statistical analyses (e.g., chi-square test and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses) were performed. In the mixed method study, a combination of statistical analyses and thematic network analysis was applied. The results showed that there was a complexity in how the adolescent boys viewed, experienced, dealt with and valued health. On a conceptual level, they perceived health as holistic but when dealing with difficult emotions, they were prone to separate the body from the mind. Thus, the adolescent boys experienced a difference between health as a concept and health as an experience (paper I). Concerning emotional orientation in masculinity, two main categories of masculine conceptions were identified: a gender-normative masculinity and a non-gender-normative masculinity (paper II). Gender-normative masculinity comprised two seemingly opposite emotional masculinity orientations, one towards toughness and the other towards sensitivity, both of which were highly influenced by contextual and situational group norms and demands, despite that their expressions are in contrast to each other. Non-gender-normative masculinity included an orientation towards sincerity, emphasising the personal values of the boys. Emotions were expressed more independently of peer group norms. The findings suggest that different masculinities and the expression of emotions are intricately intertwined and that managing emotions is vital for wellbeing. The present findings also showed that both shame and pride were significantly associated with SRH, and furthermore, that there seems to be a protective effect of experiencing pride for health (paper III). The results also demonstrated that SSS is strongly related to SRH, and high SRH is related to high SSS, and further that the positioning was done in a gendered space (paper IV). Results from all studies suggest that the emotional and relational aspects, as well as perceived SSS, were strongly related to SRH. Positive emotions, trustful relationships and having a sense of belonging were important factors for health and pride was an important emotion protecting health. Physical health, on the other hand, had a more subordinated value, but the body was experienced as an important tool to achieve health. Even though health was mainly perceived in a holistic manner by the boys, there were boys who were prone to dichotomise the health experience into a mind-body dualism when having to deal with difficult emotions. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that young, masculine health is largely experienced through emotions and relationships between individuals and their contexts affected by gendered practices. Health is to feel and function well in mind and body and to have trusting relationships. The results support theories on health as a social construction of interconnected processes. Having confidence in self-esteem, access to trustful relationships and the courage to resist traditional masculine norms while still reinforcing and maintaining social status are all conducive to good health. Researchers as well as professionals need to consider the complexity of adolescent boys’ health in which norms, values, relationships and gender form its social determinants. Those working with young boys should encourage them to integrate physical, social and emotional aspects of health into an interconnected and holistic experience.Tonårspojkars hälsa är komplex och det finns förvånansvärt lite forskning gällande hur tonårspojkar uppfattar, konceptualiserar och upplever hälsa. Därför var det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling att undersöka tonårspojkars uppfattningar och upplevelser av hälsa, emotioner, maskuliniteter och subjektiv social status. Denna avhandling består av tre delstudier: en kvalitativ, en kvantitativ och en mixed metod studie. Den kvalitativa studien syftade till att undersöka hur tonårspojkar uppfattar begreppet hälsa och vad de tyckte var viktigt för att uppnå hälsa, samt deras syn på manlighet, känslohantering och potentiell påverkan på deras välbefinnande. För detta ändamål genomfördes individuella intervjuer med 33 unga pojkar i åldern 16-17 år. Den kvantitativa studien syftade till att undersöka sambandet mellan stolthet, skam och hälsa i tonåren, och data samlades in genom en postenkät där 705 ungdomar deltog. Syftet med mixed metod-studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan subjektiv social status (SSS) i skolan, socioekonomisk status (SES) och självskattad hälsa (SRH) samt att undersöka innebörden av begreppet subjektiv social status. Data från en enkät kombinerades med intervjudata av 35 ungdomar i åldern 17-18 år. I den kvalitativa studien analyserades data med hjälp av Grounded Theory metoden. I den kvantitativa studien användes statistiska analysersåsomchi-två-test samt uni- och multivariabel logistisk regressionsanalys. I mixedmetod-studien användes en kombination av statistiskaanalyser ochtematisknätverksanalys. Resultaten visade att det fanns en komplexitet i hur unga pojkar uppfattade, upplevde, hanterade och värderade hälsa. På en teoretisk nivå uppfattade de hälsa som holistisk men när det handlade om att hantera svåra känslor, var de benägna att separera kroppen från sinnet. Således upplevde de en skillnad mellan hälsa som begrepp och hälsa som upplevelse (I). Gällande den känslomässiga maskulina orienteringen, identifierades två huvudkategorier av maskulina föreställningar: könsnormativ och icke-könsnormativ maskulinitet (II). Könsnormativ maskulinitet bestod av två till synes motsatta maskulinitetsorienteringar, en mot tuffhet och den andra mot känslighet, som båda var starkt påverkad av kontextuella och situationella gruppnormer och krav, trots att deras uttryck kontrasterade varandra. Icke-könsnormativ maskulinitet inkluderade en inriktning mot uppriktighet som betonade de personliga värdena för pojkar; känslor kunde uttryckas mer oberoende av kamratgruppens normer. Resultaten tyder på att olika maskuliniteter och känslouttryck är starkt sammanflätade och att känslohantering är avgörande för välbefinnandet. Resultat visade också att upplevelser av skam och stolthet var signifikant associerade med självskattad hälsa, och att stolthet verkar ha en skyddande effekt för hälsa (III). Vidare visade resultaten att det finns ett starkt samband mellan subjektiv social status och självskattad hälsa och att mycket god självskattad hälsa är relaterad till hög subjektiv social status. Positioneringarna gjordes i en starkt genuskodad skolmiljö (IV). Resultat från allastudier visarattde känslomässiga ochrelationellaaspekternavaravgörandeförhälsa, liksomden subjektivt upplevda statussomvar starktrelaterad tillsjälvskattad hälsa. Positivakänslor och tillitsfulla relationer, och att känna tillhörighet och stolthet varviktiga faktorerförhälsa. Fysiskhälsa å andra sidan hadeettmerunderordnat värde menkroppen var ettviktigt verktyg för attuppnåhälsa. Även omhälsauppfattadespå ett holistiskt sätt av de flesta pojkarna, fanns det pojkar som varbenägna att dela upp hälsoupplevelsen i kropp och sinne när det gällde att hantera svåra känslor. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna avhandlingatt den unga, manligahälsantill stor delupplevs genomkänsloroch relationermellanindivider och derassammanhang som är starkt genuskodade. Resultaten stöderteorier omhälsasomensocial konstruktionav sammankopplade processer. Hälsa är att må och fungera bra i kropp och sinne och ha tillgång till tillitsfulla relationer. Att ha självkänsla, tillgång till förtroendefulla relationer och att våga stå emot traditionella maskulinitetsnormer utan att tappa status bidrar positivt till hälsa. Forskare samt yrkesverksamma måste ta hänsyn till komplexiteten i unga pojkars hälsa, där normer, värderingar, relationer och genus utgör dess sociala bestämningsfaktorer. De som arbetar med unga pojkar bör uppmuntra dem att integrera fysiska, sociala och känslomässiga aspekter av hälsa till en sammanlänkad helhetsupplevelse.
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Ståhl, Johanna, and Julia Jönsson. "Skolmedling : En undersökning om en konflikthanteringsmetod i skolan." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3729.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur skolmedling kan ses som en effektiv och nyanseradmetod för konflikthantering i grundskolan. Vi tar även del av kompissamtal, som är en redanetablerad konflikthanteringsmetod i skolan för att på så sätt se hur skolmedling kan bli enkompletterande konflikthantering till detta. Studien bygger på tio intervjuer varav fem ärenskilda och de resterande är gruppintervjuer. Intervjufrågorna behandlar skolmedling utifrånperspektiv såsom frivillighet/ofrivillighet, medlarens neutralitet, distans/närhet, skam, makt,kön och ålder samt kritik/hinder. Det insamlade materialet visar att samtliga respondenterställer sig positiva till skolmedling som metod men att information och kunskapsspridning ommetoden är bristfällig. Utifrån materialet har även grundkomponenter framkommit för hur engivande skolmedling bör se ut enligt oss. Vidare i analysavsnittet behandlas tolkningar avmaterialet och socialpsykologiska perspektiv som skam, makt, sociala band ochkonflikthantering.
The purpose of this paper is to look at if mediation in school can be seen as an effective andfruitful method in conflict management in the elementary school. We also look into anestablished method in Swedish schools called “friend-talk” to see how mediation in schoolcan be a completing version of conflict management in schools. We base this study on teninterviews from which five were made individually and the others were made in groups. Theinterviews deal with mediation in school and it is based on the concepts of voluntariness/unvoluntariness, the mediators neutrality, distance/closeness, shame, power, gender and ageand criticism/obstacles. The collected material shows that all the respondents are positive tothe method but they consider the information and knowledge about the subject insufficient.From the material, crucial components arise for a profitable solution of mediation in school.Later on in the analysis, interpretations of the material will be based on social psychologicalperspectives like power, shame, social bonds and conflict management.
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Botsari, Antonia. "Earnings management ahead of share-for-share financed takeover bids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613007.
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Balaraman, Subha. "Bill Share - Capacity Planning and Management." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339698740.
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Danielsson, Anna. "The Role of Menstruation : a Case Study amongst Women from Nakwa Village in Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32689.
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This study investigates what role menstruation have for women in the village of Nakwa, Tanzania; how inadequate MHM affects the perception of women; and how menstruation is affecting the gender equality within a marriage in Nakwa. Most women in Nakwa village struggle to maintain high standards of cleanliness regarding their own Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM). This is due to many contributing factors relating to ingrained cultural beliefs that menstruation is something shameful and dirty. Most males within the household manage the finances, and menstrual hygiene products are not considered a priority, which further detaches the women from the possession of power over their own MHM. The theoretical framework used in this study is built upon two pillars, the woman as the inferior sex, and menstruation as something dirty and polluting, contributing to menstrual shame. These pillars are constructed upon two academic works; The Second Sex (1953) by Simone De Beauvoir, and Purity and Danger (1984) by Mary Douglas. Substantive previous research is accounted for to support the two pillars. Two weeks of field studies in Nakwa village during February and March 2017 included 23 individual semi-structured interviews and one group interview, with regularly menstruating married women. The results show a linkage between inadequate MHM, devaluation and inferiority of women and gender inequality.
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Greyling, Christoffel Jacobus Coetzer. "Value-based management : shareholder value creation and management / Christoff Greyling." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4780.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the value drivers that drive the value of companies, as reflected in the share-prices. Through this study, the aim is to draw conclusions on the aspects that drive the share-price of companies. A detailed literature study was performed on the value-creation process that takes place in a company. The literature study has a significant focus on Value-Based Management and the elements that should be considered when evaluating the manner in which companies create shareholder value through the operational activities that are performed. Through applying the principles of value-based management, the management of companies should maximise the value-created for shareholders by utilising company resources in the most effective and efficient way possible. Valuebased management should not be seen as a once-of initiative, but should be ingrained in the day-to-day operating and management activities of companies. The objective of applying value based management principles in a company should be to enhance the value of financial assets through the optimisation of the real assets of the company. Value is created in a company when the company can maintain a return on capital that is greater than the cost of capital. Through the literature study several value-drivers were identified that influence the shareholder value-creation process and that should be managed optimally. These value-drivers have been identified to be (1) sales growth, (2) cash profit margin - earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA), (3) cash tax rate, (4) working capital, (5) capital expenditure, (6) WACC- the risk and inflation adjusted weighted average cost of capital, and (7) the competitive advantage period. The competitive advantage period is defined as the time during which a company has a positive net present value when discounted at the WACC. Any actions that the management of a company can take to optimise these value-drivers will have a positive effect on the value created for shareholders. The link between shareholder value-creation and share-price was investigated in the literature study. It was found that different factors influence share prices and that some have nothing to do with the company itself, but more with investor sentiment about the economy as a whole and other socio-political factors. The empirical study was based on analysing key value-drivers and financial ratios that were identified during the literature study, in order to establish the relationship between company value-creation and the share-price. The data sample that was used in the empirical study consisted of 55 publicly listed companies that had a net asset value of one billion rand (R1, 000,000,000) or more in 1998. This data sample parameter was chosen in order to consider companies in the empirical study that have significant market presence in the respective industries, sectors and sub-sectors. The time horizon of the empirical study was over a 1 0-year period, from 1998 to 2007. The relationship that exists between the dependent variables of (1) Average Share Price (ASP) and (2) Year-End Share Price (YESP) and the independent variables of (1) net assets, (2) turnover, (3) trading profit, (4) operating profit, (5) profit before interest and tax, (6) Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT), (7) retained profits, (8) free cash flow, (9) Economic Value-Added (EVA), (1 0) Earnings Per Share (EPS), (11) Cash Flow Per Share (CFPS), (12) the price earnings ratio, (13) operating assets, (14) Return On Assets (ROA), and (15) Return On Equity (ROE) were analysed during the empirical study. These dependent and independent variables were chosen based on the insights gained through the literature study and was identified as appropriate to formulate conclusions on the relationship that exists between shareholder value-creation and share-price. The distributions of the above-mentioned variables are discussed in detail and distribution figures are provided to contextualise the spread of the variables and provide background on the data that was used in the empirical study. Although the study of the variables was conducted over a 1 0-year period, from 1998 to 2007, distribution figures for the years 1998 and 2007, are depicted and discussed in order to provide a comparison of the changes that took place over the 1 0-year period.
Due to the nature of the variables analysed during the empirical study, the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient is used to measure the relationship that exists between the dependent and independent variables. The Spearman Rank Coefficient is a factor model that explains complex phenomena through a small number of basic causes or factors. Given the relative large number of shares available on the share market, the estimation of dependent, share-price variables cannot be performed without simplification to dimensionality, therefore the use of the Spearman Rank Coefficient. The coefficient of correlation between the dependent and independent variables was calculated for the each of the years over the 1 0-year period and the applicability to explain the relationship between shareholder value-creation and share-price was analysed. Through the statistical analyses and the interpretation of the results, it was concluded that earnings per share and cash flow per share are the most appropriate indicators for estimating the relationship that exists between shareholder value-creation and the share-price as reflected on the share market.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
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Sarkadi, Anna. "The borderland between care and self-care." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4901-8/.
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Ma, Jing, and 馬靜. "Real earnings management around open market share repurchases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202368.
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This thesis investigates real earnings management behaviors in the context of open market share repurchase. I use three proxies developed by Roychowdhury (2006) to measure real earnings management behaviors, including abnormal cash flow from operations (DCFO), abnormal production costs (DPROD) and abnormal discretionary costs (DDISX). In comparison to existing literature that documents the impact of accrual earnings management on post-repurchase performance, this thesis endeavors in investigate thoroughly both methods of earnings management. I find that repurchasing firms not only engage in accrual earnings management as is documented in Gong, Louis and Sun (2008) but also engage in real earnings management. Empirically, repurchasing firms have significant positive DCFO and negative DPROD in the year of announcements, both of which are earnings-reducing real activities. Repurchasing firms do not exhibit significant evidence of earnings-reducing DDISX in the year of announcements, but they experience earnings-reducing DDISX in all the three years prior to announcements. As predicted, the operating performance and stock performance of a repurchasing firm can be explained by pre-announcement earnings-reducing accrual manipulations and pre-announcement earnings-decreasing real earnings management. Specifically, the pre-repurchase downward DPROD makes the most important explanatory variable in both repurchasing and actual repurchasing samples whether controlling for DACC or not. The pre-repurchase upward DCFO is most relevant in determining the post-repurchase stock performances.published_or_final_version
Economics and Finance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Siddle, Richard. "Active share, fund style and performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13300.
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Includes bibliographical references.The South African unit trust industry was found to display low levels of Active Share compared to international levels. A sample of unit trusts, representing approximately 58.2% of assets under management in the South African general equity fund industry, was selected based on the availability of the information necessary to perform this analysis. The average Active Share demonstrated by the sample of unit trusts has decreased from 60.85% in June 2007 to 55.65% in June 2013. A fund flow analysis confirmed that fund managers' portfolio decisions are highly affected by the risk of outflows and possibility of inflows. Managers faced with a high risk of outflows and low possibility of inflows adjusted their Active Share by approximately double that of managers with a moderate risk of outflows and inflows. A similar result was found when comparing managers experiencing a low risk of outflows and a high possibility of inflows, to managers experiencing a moderate risk of outflows and inflows. Under varying market conditions, unit trusts exhibiting the highest Active Share and tracking error (concentrated stock picker) earned a significantly higher alpha than unit trusts exhibiting the lowest Active Share and tracking error (closet indexer). During the financial crisis and in the subsequent bull market to previous highs, concentrated stock pickers earned a significantly higher alpha than closet indexers. In bull markets breaking through previous highs, concentrated stock pickers earned the lowest alpha. The alpha earned by unit trusts exhibiting the highest level of Active Share was significantly higher than the alpha earned by unit trusts exhibiting the lowest level of Active Share. The benefit of distinguishing between truly active (concentrated stock picker) unit trusts and closet indexer unit trusts is clear.
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Waldspurger, Carl A. "Lottery and stride scheduling : flexible proportional-share resource management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36071.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-151).
by Carl A. Waldspurger.
Ph.D.
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Carrero-Parreño, Alba. "Modeling and optimization of shale gas water management systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/102228.
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Shale gas has emerged as a potential resource to transform the global energy market. Nevertheless, gas extraction from tight shale formations is only possible after horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, which generally demand large amounts of water. Part of the ejected fracturing fluid returns to the surface as flowback water, containing a variety of pollutants. Thus, water reuse and water recycling technologies have received further interest for enhancing overall shale gas process efficiency and sustainability. Thereby, the objectives of this thesis are: - Develop mathematical models to treat flowback and produced water at various salinities and flow rates, decreasing the high environmental impact due to the freshwater withdrawal and wastewater generated during shale gas production at minimum cost. - Develop mathematical programming models for planning shale gas water management through the first stage of the well's life to promote the reuse of flowback water by optimizing simultaneously all operations belonging several wellpads. Within the first objective, we developed medium size generalized disjunctive-programming (GDP) models reformulated as mixed integer non-linear programming problems (MINLPs). First, we focused on flowback water pretreatment and later, in wastewater desalination treatment. Particularly, an emergent desalination technology, Membrane Distillation, has been studied. All mathematical models have been implemented using GAMS® software. First, we introduce a new optimization model for wastewater from shale gas production including a superstructure with several water pretreatment alternatives. The mathematical model is formulated via GDP to minimize the total annualized cost. Hence, the superstructure developed allows identifying the optimal pretreatment sequence with minimum cost, according to inlet water composition and wastewater desired destination (i.e., water reuse as fracking fluid or desalination in thermal or membrane techonologies). As each destination requires specific composition constraints, three case studies illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Additionally, four distinct flowback water compositions are evaluated for the different target conditions. The results highlight the ability of the developed model for the cost-effective water pretreatment system synthesis, by reaching the required water compositions for each specified destination. Regarding desalination technologies, a rigorous optimization model with energy recovery for the synthesis of multistage direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system has been developed. The mathematical model is focused on maximizing the total amount of water recovered. The outflow brine is fixed close to salt saturation conditions (300 g·kg-1) approaching zero liquid discharge (ZLD). A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the system’s behavior under different uncertainty sources such as the heat source availability and inlet salinity conditions. The results emphasize the applicability of this promising technology, especially with low steam cost or waste heat, and reveal variable costs and system configurations depending on inlet conditions. Within the second objective, large-scale multi-period water management problems, and collaborative water management models have been studied. Thus, to address water planning decisions in shale gas operations, in a first stage a new non-convex MINLP optimization model is presented that explicitly takes into account the effect of high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and its temporal variations in the impaired water. The model comprises different water management strategies: direct reuse, treatment or send to Class II disposal wells. The objective is to maximize the “sustainability profit” to find a compromise solution among the three pillars of sustainability: economic, environmental and social criteria. The solution determines freshwater consumption, flowback destination, the fracturing schedule, fracturing fluid composition and the number of tanks leased at each time period. Because of the rigorous determination of TDS in all water streams, the model is a nonconvex MINLP model that is tackled in two steps: first, an MILP model is solved on the basis of McCormick relaxations for the bilinear terms; next, the binary variables that determine the fracturing schedule are fixed, and a smaller MINLP is solved. Finally, several case studies based on Marcellus Shale Play are optimized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation. Later, a simplified version of the shale gas water management model developed in the previous work has been used to study possible cooperative strategies among companies. This model allows increasing benefits and reduces costs and environmental impacts of water management in shale gas production. If different companies are working in the same shale zone and their shale pads are relatively close (under 50 km), they might adopt a cooperative strategy, which can offer economic and environmental advantages. The objective is to compute a distribution of whatever quantifiable unit among the stakeholders to achieve a stable agreement on cooperation among them. To allocate the cost, profit and/or environmental impact among stakeholders, the Core and Shapley value are applied. Finally, the impact of cooperation among companies is shown by two examples involving three and eight players, respectively. The results show that adopting cooperative strategies in shale water management, companies are allowed to improve their benefits and to enhance the sustainability of their operations. The results obtained in this thesis should help to make cost-effective and environmentally-friendly water management decisions in the eventual development of shale gas wells.
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Mara-Tjingaete, Cashandra Candice. "An investigation into the extent to which a share price is influenced by earnings per share, dividends per share and cash flow per share of industrial companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52114.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research involves the study of the relationship between share prices, earnings per share, dividends per share and cash flow per share. The aim is to estimate the extent of the effect of earnings per share, dividends per share and cash flow per share on share prices. A sample of industrial companies, all listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is used. The sample includes 17 sectors, containing a total of 326 companies. The data relating to these companies is sourced from the database of the University of Stellenbosch Business School. Twenty consecutive years of reported financial results are used. This includes (i) share prices as at the company's year-end, (ii) earnings per share, (iii) dividends per share and (iv) cash flow per share for the financial year. The data for each individual company is arranged in three separate structures. One structure, known as levels, is created using the data in their original form. A second structure, first differences, is constructed using the annual changes in the original data. The third structure, first difference percentages, is created using the annual changes in the original data calculated as a percentage of the previous year's figure. Several methods are used to analyse data, by way of statistical models known as linear regression, multiple regression and stepwise regression, which is a variation of multiple regression. Regression analysis is used in deterministic models because the value of one variable is predicted on the basis of other variables. Such models are called deterministic because they allow users of data to determine the value of the dependent variable from the value of the independent variable(s). Linear regression is capable of calculating the relationship between variables, which are dependent on each other and represents the dependency as a percentage. Multiple regression is a statistical model, which calculates and represents the relationship between three or more variables as an equation. Multiple regression is capable of calculating the relationship between the three or more variables which are dependent on each other and represents the dependency as a percentage. The statistical models are applied to each company individually, based on the three structures of the data. The conclusions of this research are based upon the results of the dependency of the variables, calculated by the various statistical models. The conclusions arrived at were that (1) the first differences structure is best suited to this model, (2) by placing the data of individual companies together in one pool, the problem of weighing each company was overcome, and (3) using linear regression results together with the multiple and stepwise regression results added value in terms of comparison of the accuracy of results. A comparison was drawn between the findings of this study and those of previous writers and is referred to in the text. Four researchers namely Strong, Board and Day, Brown and Mara-Tjingaete, regressed the results of earnings versus share price and produced R2 values of 12,8 percent, 13 percent, 7 percent and 7,8 percent respectively. Brown and Mara-Tjingaete found R2 results of 14 percent and 0,6 percent respectively for dividends versus share price and this study also produced an R2 result of 0,4 percent for cash flow versus share price.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing behels die studie van die verwantskap tussen aandeelpryse, verdienste per aandeel, dividende per aandeel en kontantvloei per aandeel. Die doel daarvan is om die uitwerking van verdienste per aandeel, dividend per aandeel en kontantvloei per aandeel op aandeelpryse te bereken. 'n Steekproef van industriële maatskappye genoteer op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs is gebruik. Die steekproef strek oor 17 sektore en sluit 326 maatskappye in. Die data van hierdie maatskappye is verkry van die databank van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Bestuurskool. Twintig opeenvolgende jare se gepubliseerde finansiële state word in die steekproef gebruik. Dit sluit in (i) aandeelpryse soos op die maatskappye se finansiële jaareinde, (ii) verdienste per aandeel, (iii) dividende per aandeel en (iv) kontantvloei per aandeel vir die finansiële jaar. Die data vir elke maatskappy is in drie verskillende strukture gerangskik. Een struktuur, bekend as vlakke, is geskep deur die data in hulle oorspronklike vorm te gebruik. 'n Tweede struktuur, eerste verskille, is saamgestel deur die jaarlikse verandering in die oorspronklike data te gebruik. Die derde struktuur, eerste verskille-persentasies, is geskep deur die jaarlikse veranderinge in die oorspronklike data, bereken as 'n persentasie van die vorige jaar se syfer, te gebruik. Verskeie metodes word gebruik om data te ontleed, deur middel van statistiese modelle bekend as lineêre regressie, meervoudige regressie en stapsgewyse regressie, 'n variasie van meervoudige regressie. Regressie ontledings word gebruik in bepalende modelle omdat die waarde van een veranderlike gebruik word as basis om die waarde van die ander veranderlike te probeer voorspel. Sulke modelle word bepalend genoem vanweë die feit dat dit gebruikers van data in staat stel om die waarde van die afhanklike veranderlike te bepaal deur middel van die waarde van die onafhanklike veranderlike(s). Lineêre regressie kan die verwantskap tussen interafhanklike veranderlikes bereken en die afhanklikheid as 'n persentasie uitdruk. Meervoudige regressie is 'n statistiese model wat die verwantskap tussen drie of meer veranderlikes as 'n vergelyking bereken en voorstel. Meervoudige regressie kan die verwantskap tussen drie of meer interafhanklike veranderlikes bereken en die afhanklikheid as 'n persentasie uitdruk. Die statistiese modelle word toegepas op elke individuele maatskappy, gebaseer op die bogenoemde drie strukture. Die bevindinge van die navorsing is gebaseer op die resultate van die afhanklikheid van die veranderlikes soos deur die verskillende statistiese modelle bereken. Die uiteindelike gevolgtrekking was dat (1) die eerste verskille-struktuur die mees gepaste vir hierdie model is, (2) deur die data van die afsonderlike maatskappye in een poel te plaas, is die probleem van die gewig per maatskappy oorkom, (3) die gebruik van lineêre, meervoudige en stapsgewyse regressie het baie waarde ten opsigte van die vergelyking van akkuraatheid van die resultate toegevoeg. Vergelykings is getref tussen bevindinge in hierdie werkstuk en die van ander navorsers. Vier navorsers, naamlik Strong, Board en Day, Brown en Mara- Tjingaete het R2 resultate vir verdienste per aandeel teenoor aandeelpryse van onderskeidelik 12,8 persent, 13 persent, 7 persent en 7,8 persent gekry. Brown en Mara-Tjingaete het R2 resultate van onderskeidelik 14 persent en 0,6 persent bevind vir dividende per aandeel teenoor aandeelpryse en hierdie studie het ook R2 resultate van 0,4 persent vir kontantvloei per aandeel teenoor aandeelpryse gelewer.
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Siddle, Andrew McCalman. "Share repurchases in South Africa : reasons and returns." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11675.
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Includes bibliographical references.Share repurchases have long been permitted in the United States of America, but it is only relatively recently that they have become a frequently-used means of returning funds to shareholders in that country. In other countries, it was also only relatively recently that share repurchases were even permitted, and in South Africa, repurchases have been permitted only since 1999, when the Companies Act was amended to allow for them. Repurchases in South Africa are fairly closely regulated, not only by statute, but also, in the case of listed shares, by regulations contained in the Listing Requirements of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. In essence, the regulations, read with the legislation, allow for three types of repurchase, namely, a specific repurchase incorporating a pro-rata offer; a specific purchase incorporating a specific offer, and a general repurchase. Specific repurchases have more demanding requirements than general repurchases as far analysis in the context of the "signalling hypothesis," and for that reason, the focus of this study is on specific repurchases. Studies in the USA and elsewhere have shown that repurchases may be carried out for any of a number of reasons. Most studies in the USA have also shown that repurchases are associated with significant positive abnormal returns on the share prices; the increase in prices is usually attributed to the signalling hypothesis, which holds that managers use repurchases as a means of signalling to the market that they believe that the shares are underpriced. The objectives of the present study are twofold: - To identify the reasons for South African companies carrying out repurchases; and - To determine whether such repurchases create shareholder value.
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Siddle, Andrew McCalman. "Share repurchases in South Africa : reasons and returns." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11675.
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Includes bibliographical references.Share repurchases have long been permitted in the United States of America, but it is only relatively recently that they have become a frequently-used means of returning funds to shareholders in that country. In other countries, it was also only relatively recently that share repurchases were even permitted, and in South Africa, repurchases have been permitted only since 1999, when the Companies Act was amended to allow for them. Repurchases in South Africa are fairly closely regulated, not only by statute, but also, in the case of listed shares, by regulations contained in the Listing Requirements of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. In essence, the regulations, read with the legislation, allow for three types of repurchase, namely, a specific repurchase incorporating a pro-rata offer; a specific purchase incorporating a specific offer, and a general repurchase. Specific repurchases have more demanding requirements than general repurchases as far analysis in the context of the "signalling hypothesis," and for that reason, the focus of this study is on specific repurchases. Studies in the USA and elsewhere have shown that repurchases may be carried out for any of a number of reasons. Most studies in the USA have also shown that repurchases are associated with significant positive abnormal returns on the share prices; the increase in prices is usually attributed to the signalling hypothesis, which holds that managers use repurchases as a means of signalling to the market that they believe that the shares are underpriced. The objectives of the present study are twofold: - To identify the reasons for South African companies carrying out repurchases; and - To determine whether such repurchases create shareholder value.
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Gerlach, Max [Verfasser]. "Decentralized Code-Share Revenue Management in Airline Alliances / Max Gerlach." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045604216/34.
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Pinet-Eve, Alexander. "Employee-share-ownership : Human Resources Management and employees behavioural outcomes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182865.
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Employee share ownership (ESO) is widely defended as a competitive organisational structure to increase organisational productivity through higher labour performance. Research on the relationship between ESO and labour performance produced mixed results when looking at the commitment and labour turnover. With more than 50% of all companies in Europe providing ownership to their employee, this research studies how ESO influence the labour performance building from previous research on Human Resource Management and employees’ behavioural outcomes. This study uses a quantitative design to analyse French workers' labour performance and compare the results between employees' owners and non-owners. Extrinsic and instrumental satisfaction resulting from HRM policies were considered to influence employees’behavioural outcomes. Finally, these satisfaction indicators were tested for moderation between ESO and the behavioural outcomes.This research finds a significant relationship between ESO and commitment. Moreover, extrinsic, and instrumental satisfaction predicted commitment. Only extrinsic satisfaction resulted in a decrease in employee's intention to turnover. Results show that instrumental satisfaction moderates the relationship between ESO and commitment, such as employees in an organisation with ESOwill exhibit more significant commitment as their employers increase their ability to be autonomous and participate in decision-making. However, the results defend that extrinsic satisfaction is a more significant predictor for turnover and instrumental satisfaction for commitment than ESO. These results suggest that ESO cannot systematically explain increased commitment and lower intention to turnover, as the behavioural outcomes change depending on how the organisation supports their employee’s satisfaction and that the employees' values and beliefs are different in ESO compared to employees in traditional organisations.
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Peswani, Mohnish. "Shape Memory Polymer Composites For Actively-Switched Thermal Management Materials." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1547036586945901.
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Tavakkoli, Sakineh. "A Systems-level Approach for Integrated Shale Gas Wastewater Management." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13819974.
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Economic benefits of shale gas production in addition to its potential for enabling energy security are driving the strategic development of unconventional natural gas in the U.S. However, shale gas production poses potential detrimental impacts on the surrounding ecosystems. In particular, sustainable management of high salinity wastewater is one of the critical challenges facing shale gas industry. While recycling shale gas wastewater is a practical short-term solution to minimize total water use in the fracturing process it may not be a viable strategy from a long-term management perspective. Moreover, direct disposal into Salt Water Disposal (SWD) wells which is the most common management strategy in the U.S. is not cost effective in Marcellus shale play due to limited disposal capacity.
This work develops a systems-level optimization framework for guiding economically conscious management of high salinity wastewater in Marcellus shale play in Pennsylvania (PA) with a focus on using membrane distillation (MD) as the treatment technology. Detailed technoeconomic assessment (TEA) is performed to assess the economic feasibility of MD for treatment of shale gas wastewater with and without availability of waste heat. Natural gas compressor stations (NG CS) are chosen as potential sources of waste heat and rigorous thermodynamic models are developed to quantify the waste heat recovery opportunities from NG CS. The information from waste heat estimation and TEA are then utilized in the optimization framework for investigating the optimal management of shale gas wastewater. Wastewater management alternatives ranging from direct disposal into SWD wells to advanced centralized, decentralized, and onsite treatment options using MD are included in the optimization model.
The optimization framework is applied to four case studies in Greene and Washington counties in southwest and Susquehanna and Bradford counties in Northeast PA where major shale gas development activities take place. The results of this analysis reveal that onsite treatment of wastewater at shale gas extraction sites in addition to treating wastewater at NG CS where available waste heat could be utilized to offset the energy requirements of treatment process are the most economically promising management options that result in major economic benefit over direct disposal into SWD.
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Wang, Sheng. "To share or not to share an examination of the determinants of sharing knowledge via knowledge management systems /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117177005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 290 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-233). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Kokokoane, Nimrod. "Share buybacks in South Africa : an empircal investigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20834.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Share repurchase activity (or buybacks), as a corporate finance decision-making tool, has increased steadily over the years, both in the USA and in other markets around the world. This research report investigates share repurchase (of ordinary shares) activity in South Africa between July 1999 (when buybacks were legalised) and December 2006. Consistent with empirical evidence elsewhere in the world, the results show that South African companies have increased their share repurchase activity in absolute terms (volume and value). Corporate South Africa is estimated to be sitting on a huge cash pile of approximately R600 billion (or 38% of GOP) - a significant prerequisite for share repurchases. In the absence of potential projects and acquisitions that meet the firms' weighted average cost of capital, it is reasonable to expect that the level and value of buyback activity will increase in the foreseeable future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aandeleterugkoop-bedrywigheid (of aandeleterugkope), as 'n korporatiewe finansiele besluitnemingshulpmiddel, het geleidelik toegeneem oor die jare, beide in die VSA en in ander markte wereldwyd. Hierdie navorsingsverslag ondersoek die aandeleterugkoop-bedrywigheid in Suid-Afrika tussen Julie 1999 (toe terugkope wetlig geword het) en Desember 2006. In Iyn met empiriese bewyse elders in die wereld, toon die resultate dal Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye hul aandeelterugkoop-bedrywighede in absolute terme (volume en waarde) verhoog het. Oit word beraam dat korporatiewe Suid-Afrika 'n groat kontantreserwe van bykans R600 biljoen (of 38% BBP) het - 'n noemenswaardige voorvereiste vir aandeleterugkoop. In die afwesigheid van potensiele projekte en aankope wat die firmas se geweegde gemiddelde koste van kapitaal behaal, is dit aanvaarbaar om te verwag dat die vlak en waarde van terugkoopbedrywigheid in die afsienbare toekoms sal verhoog.
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Geswein, Bradley C. (Bradley Carl). "Optimization of shake inspections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66069.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-89).
The Boeing 737 program has recently announced an increase in the production rate from 31.5 airplanes per month to 35 airplanes per month. Throughout the production value stream, opportunities to improve quality and reduce flow time are being thoroughly investigated. This thesis contributes to the investigation by focusing on improving the inspection process through a prototype computer data collection tool and the formation of a corrective action team.
by Bradley C. Geswein.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Kruger, Sarah Debora. "The prediction value of the price/earnings ratio for headline earnings per share, dividend yields and share returns." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70304.
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Mini study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This mini study project aims to investigate the prediction value ofpricelearnings (pIE) ratios. The ability of investors to predict earnings growth is tested by examining the relationship between PIE ratios and excess earnings growth. The study further also investigates the relationship between PIE ratios and two other variables: share returns and dividend yields. The study design was based on that of two other studies: Fuller, Huberts and Levinson (1993) and Hamman, Jordaan and Smit (1995). These studies specifically tested the random walk theory of earnings. In this study all the companies were allocated to one of four PIE portfolios according to the magnitude of their PIE ratio. The relationship between PIE ratios and the dependent variables (earnings growth, share returns and dividend yields) was then analysed by comparing the medians of the dependent variables of the different quartiles (pIE portfolios). The investigation into the relation between PIE ratios and excess earnings growth indicated that companies with high PIE ratios tend to have higher excess earnings growth. The relationship, however, seemed to be more pronounced in the one year results than in the two and four year results. The share returns seemed to be randomly distributed and it was more difficult to identify the correlation with PIE ratios. For a two and four year period however, the lowest PIE quartile delivered the highest returns and the highest PIE quartile performed very poorly. Lastly it was found that companies with high PIE ratios had lower dividend yields and companies with lower PIE ratios had higher dividend yields. Even though some departures from randomness were observed when comparing the PIE quartiles, the variability of the dependant variables at individual stock level was high and indicated random distribution.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ministudieprojek het ten doelom die voorspellingvermoë van prys/verdienste (PN) verhoudings te ondersoek. Die vermoë van beleggers om winsgroei te voorspel word getoets deur die verwantskap tussen PN-verhoudings en surplus winsgroei te ondersoek. Verder ondersoek die studie ook die verwantskap tussen PN-verhoudings en twee verdere veranderlikes: aandeelopbrengste en dividendopbrengste. Die ontwerp van die studie is gebaseer op dié van twee ander studies: Fuller, Huberts en Levinson (1993) en Hamman, Jordaan en Smit (1995). Die twee studies het spesifiek die ewekansige verspreiding van winste ondersoek. Alle maatskappye in hierdie studie is geallokeer aan een van vier PN-protefeuljes volgens die vlak van hulle PNverhouding. Die verwantskap tussen PN-verhoudings en die afhanklike veranderlikes (winsgroei, aandeelopbrengste en dividendopbrengste) is dan ondersoek deur die mediane van die afhanklike veranderlikes van die verskillende PN-kwartiele (portefeuljes) te vergelyk. Die analise van die surplus winsgroei het aangedui dat maatskappye met hoë PNverhoudings geneig is om beter surplus winsgroei te toon. Die verwantskap blyk egter om duideliker te wees vir 'n eenjaar-periode as vir 'n tydperk van twee of vier jaar. Die aandeelopbrengste het 'n ewekansige verspreiding getoon en dit was moeilik om 'n verwantskap met die PN-verhoudings te identifiseer. Vir 'n twee en vier jaar periode het die laagste PN-kwartiel die hoogste aandeelopbrengs gelewer en die hoogste PNkwartiel het baie sleg presteer. Laastens is daar gevind dat maatskappye met hoë PN-verhoudings laer dividendopbrengste gelewer het en maatskappye met lae PN-verhoudings hoë dividendopbrengste. Alhoewel afwykings van ewekansigheid geïdentifiseer is met die vergelyking tussen kwartiele, was die variansie van die afhanklike veranderlikes op individuele aandelevlak hoog en het gedui op 'n ewekansige verspreiding.
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Otto, Kathryn L. "Organizational wellness and productivity evaluation at Hutchinson Technology, Inc." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006ottok.pdf.
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Hu, Xiaorui. "Three essays on auction, retail risk management and market share evolution /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004291.
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McDonald, Samuel Jacob. "Haptic Shape-Based Management of Robot Teams in Cordon and Patrol." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6100.
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There are many current and future scenarios that require teams of air, ground or humanoid robots to gather information in complex and often dangerous environments, where it would be unreasonable or impossible for humans to be physically present [1-6]. The current state of the art involves a single robot being monitored by one or many human operators [7], but a single operator managing a team of autonomous robots is preferred as long as effective and time-efficient management of the team is maintained [8-9]. This is limited by the operator's ability to command actions of multiple robots, be aware of robot states, and respond to less important tasks, while accomplishing a primary objective defined by the application scenario. The operator's ability to multi-task could be improved with the use of a multimodal interface, using both visual and haptic feedback. This thesis investigates the use of haptic feedback in developing intuitive, shape-based interaction to maintain heads-up control and increase an operator's situation awareness (SA) while managing a robot team.In this work, the autonomous behavior of the team is modeled after a patrol and cordon scenario, where the team travels to and surrounds buildings of interest. A novel approach that involves treating the team as a moldable volume is presented, where deformations of this volume correspond to changes in team shape. During surround mode, the operator may explore or manipulate the team shape to create custom formations around a building. A spacing interaction method also allows the operator to adjust how robots are spaced within the current shape. Separate haptic feedback is developed for each method to allow the operator to "feel" the shape or spacing manipulation. During travel mode, the operator chooses desired travel locations and receives feedback to help identify how and where the team travels. RoTHSim, an experimental robot team haptic simulator, was developed and used as a test bed for single-operator management of a robot team in a multitasking reconnaissance and surveillance scenario. Using RoTHSim, a human subject experiment was conducted with 19 subjects to determine the effects of haptic feedback and task demand difficulty on levels of performance, SA and workload. Results from the experiment suggest that haptic feedback significantly improves operator performance in a reconnaissance task when task demand is higher, but may slightly increase operator workload. Due to the experimental setup, these results suggest that haptic feedback may make it easier for the operator to experience heads-up control of a team of autonomous robots. There were no significance differences on SA scores due to haptic feedback in this study.
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Liu, Michael Kaiping. "Beamforming performance enhancement by adaptive hyperbola array shape estimation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127044.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-112).
Analysis of U.S. Navy Ice Exercise 2016 (ICEX16) data, through a collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory, demonstrated that towed array curvature commonly exhibited heading differences up to 100° and never maintained heading differences less than 30° between the forward compass and the aft compass. These deviations reflected a disparity from the underlying assumption that the towed array remained rigid with no deviations from a rigid, straight-line configuration. Using lessons learned from ICEX16, a field experiment in Massachusetts Bay 2019 (FEX19) tested whether a hexagonal search pattern would sufficiently address the curvature concern, thereby, validate the underlying rigid, straight-line beamformer assumption more commonly used. Results from the experiment showed that a hexagonal search pattern maintained a heading differences of less than 4° within 79 seconds of an initiation of a 60° maneuver.
This was a marked improvement when compared to ICEX16's vehicle maneuvers, which never maintained a heading difference of less than 30°. Even with this improvement in FEX19, 39.6% of the acoustic data was collected when the towed array did not meet the straight-line assumption. Use of the hexagonal search pattern, in two instances during U.S. Navy Ice Exercise 2020 (ICEX20), showed that 45.1% and 27.1% of the collected acoustic data did not meet the towed-array straight-line assumption. Although this realization will influence operators to minimize maneuvers that introduce significant deviations from the underlying beamforming model, field experiments often call for sharper maneuvers. This realization spurred the development of a beamformer that modeled towed array curvature using headings, effectively tangential slopes, at either end of the hydrophone portion of the towed array with a known fixed length to predict how the towed array bends.
Analysis of FEX19 showed that the hyperbola-shaped beamformer output aligned to GPS heading data over 30% of the experimental window compared to less than 10% for the straight-line beamformer. This improvement held true even when the towed array had little or no curvature.
by Michael Kaiping Liu.
Nav. E.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Nav.E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
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Alur, Rushikesh. "Short-term share price overreaction : evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21748.
Full textAbstract:
The Overreaction Hypothesis and share price overreaction has been a widely researched phenomenon since the 1980s, although most work has focused on longer-term share return reversals. As an emerging market and part of the BRICS collective, South Africa provides an interesting investment environment within which to investigate this phenomenon. Limited research has been done in South Africa on share price overreaction, again nearly all focusing on the longer term. This dissertation examined short term overreaction (over 1 and 5-day periods) on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over the period July 2000 to June 2015. Furthermore, periods of financial crisis were isolated from the full sample period and tested separately, in order to assess whether periods of financial instability affect the magnitude of share price overreaction on the JSE. Whereas the common approach in this field is to investigate overreaction on a relative basis (for example by ranking share returns over a prior period and focusing on extreme relative performances), this thesis follows other literature that examines share return reversals following extreme one-day share price changes beyond absolute cut-off values (in this case ±5% and ±10%). The methodology considered an abnormal returns measure based on total return index values, and used a multivariate regression to test for one day and five day share return reversals. The effect of average prior returns, market volatility, company size, value, price-to-earnings and book-to-market ratios on abnormal returns were also considered. Lastly, a portfolio strategy based on one day and five day return reversals following large positive or negative one-day returns was investigated to test for usability as a possible trading strategy.
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Chan, Ching Yee. "Active fund management and crosssectional variance of returns." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29434.
Full textAbstract:
In active portfolio management, fund managers seek to follow an investment strategy with the objective of outperforming an investment benchmark index. Opportunities to outperform a benchmark in active fund management is made possible through crosssectional dispersion of returns in the market. It is cross-sectional volatility of returns that allows fund managers to identify changing trends in market relationships and to take advantage of market opportunities.Quarterly active share and active return data of Domestic General Equity funds was used to determine whether the level of active share and active return has a correlation with volatility measures such as cross-sectional variance of returns or the South African Volatility Index (SAVI). The actively-managed funds’ outperformance of the benchmark index during periods of differing cross-sectional variance was also looked at. Lastly, the possibility of whether market volatility can be used to inform fund investment decisions was also examined.The findings in this study are that there is no significant relationship between the crosssectional variance of returns, active share and active returns. In measuring fund performance in times of differing cross-sectional dispersion and breaking the analysis period into such intervals rather than as a continuous time series, active funds outperform the benchmark index during periods of low and moderate cross-sectional variance. The SAVI can be used as a fairly accurate and readily available approximation of cross-sectional variance.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Dahya, Jay. "A market- and accounting-based analysis of changes in UK corporate management." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389870.
Full text
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Yang, Linlin. "Optimization Models for Water Management in Chemical Processes and Shale Gas Production." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/433.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the optimization of an important natural resource, water, in chemical processes and shale gas production. In the chemical industry, many unit operations require intensive use of water for processes such as synthesis, cleaning, cooling cycle, and steam production. The wastewater stream contains pollutants such as total dissolved solids (TDS) and organics that need to be removed prior to discharge into natural water bodies. With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, freshwater and wastewater reuse allocation has become a major topic in process synthesis. Chapter 2 presents an approach to perform simultaneous optimization of heat and water integration for a process flowsheet. As opposed to the sequential integration approach where heat and water integration are performed for flowsheets with fixed operating conditions, the simultaneous optimization method allows for variable stream qualities to account for potential trade-offs among raw material, investment cost, and utility and water consumption. Since detailed heat-exchange network and water network designs are generally formulated as nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming and nonconvex nonlinear programming models, respectively, reducing complexities for these two networks is of utmost priority. We have developed a novel linear programming targeting model for minimizing freshwater consumption of multi-contaminants systems. This water targeting model, which is either exact or else predicts upper bounds, is incorporated along with the available heat targeting model into flowsheet optimization process to achieve the best operating conditions through the proposed simultaneous framework. The conventional water network synthesis approach greatly simplifies wastewater treatment units by using fixed recoveries, creating a gap for their applicability to industrial processes. Chapter 3 describes a unifying approach combining various technologies capable of removing contaminants through the use of more realistic models. Unit-specific short-cut models are developed in place of the fixed contaminant removal model to describe contaminant mass transfer in reverse osmosis, ion exchange, sedimentation, ultrafiltration, activated sludge, and trickling filter. In addition, uncertainty in mass load of contaminant is considered to account for the range of operating conditions. Furthermore, the superstructure is modified to accommodate realistic potential structures. We also present a modified Lagrangean-based decomposition algorithm in order to effectively solve the resulting nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. Management of water use in the rapidly developing shale gas industry has become a major challenge in recent years. Unlike most chemical processes that operate at steady-state conditions, hydraulic fracturing requires a large volume of water in a short period of time. In addition, there is a cost associated with each of the four key aspects, source water acquisition, wastewater production, reuse and recycle, and subsequent transportation, storage, and disposal. In chapter 4, water use life cycle is optimized for wellpads through a discrete-time two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model under uncertain availability of water. The objective is to minimize expected operating cost while accounting for the revenue from gas production. As the number of producing wells increase, desalination options are evaluated since produced water management becomes an important economic driver. In chapter 5, we expand the operational model in chapter 4 to optimize capital investment decisions in water use for shale gas production. The goal is to determine the location and capacity of impoundment, the type of piping, treatment facility locations and removal capability, freshwater sources, as well as the frac schedule. In addition, we examine in several scenarios the impact of limiting truck hauling and increasing flowback volume on the solution. Case studies in both Marcellus and Utica shale are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed formulations.
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Ye, Tai-Kun. "Modeling and management of process-induced shape distortion of sheet metal products /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036870.
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Ren, Qun. "Market share competition in the Chinese online game industry." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17505/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the impacts of pricing innovations and other non-pricing dimensions on the market share competition of dominant Chinese online game companies. The empirical context of my research is the strategic behaviour of online game operators (i.e. the companies who operate online games) in the Chinese online game market – the most active market in the world with strong network effects. According to the literature review, previous pricing studies have focused mainly on the evaluation of traditional pricing theories and their limited validity for the information economy. Velu (2005) pointed out how dominant firms in a market with strong network effects adopt business innovations to sustain their market dominance. This study first investigates the validity of Velu‟s theory and then aims to develop and expand the theory of pricing practice by discussing how dominant companies integrate pricing and other non-pricing dimensions during market share competition. With the application of an analytical synthesis, this study covers large parts of the traditional economy and information economy literature by linking the concepts of „within‟ and „across‟ theories of pricing and competition. It finally brings together different theories and adopts Bouwman and MacInnes‟ virtual web idea as an original conceptual framework to give an insight into how the pricing process and other internal and external factors impact differently on the market share competition. The study adopts a descriptive multiple-case study strategy including five dominant Chinese online game companies and employs qualitative data collected from 64 interviewees and reliable secondary data from documentations and archival records.The findings suggest that, instead of devoting all their efforts to pricing innovation, the companies have turned to an exploration of their internal resources to enhance their competitiveness. Superficially, as an influential external factor, government regulations have constrained the operation of imported games. The study also discusses two internal themes that influence each company‟s competitive strength. They are: how to deal with the exodus of talent and how to handle strategic alliance management. There seems to be no previous research concerning the relationship between pricing innovation and market dominance within a new economy‟s service sector. As a consequence, this research should provide insights into this academic blind spot and rationalize the diversity of strategic theory within the specific industry.
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Moore, David. "ESSAYS ON SHARE REPURCHASES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/finance_etds/7.
Full textAbstract:
In my first chapter, we document and study the use of Rule 10b5 1 preset repurchase plans. We exploit this new and widespread form of payout to examine an issue at the core of payout decisions—the tradeoff between commitment and financial flexibility. Relative to open market repurchases, preset plans provide an expanded repurchase window and increased legal cover, albeit at the cost of reducing repurchase flexibility and the option to time repurchases. These costs and benefits are significantly associated with Rule 10b5-1 adoption. Consistent with preset plans signaling commitment, Rule 10b5-1 repurchase announcements are associated with greater and faster completion rates, with more positive market reactions, and with more dividend substitution than open market repurchases. Lastly, we find that preset repurchase plans represent a unique payout tool whose introduction encouraged a different set of firms to buy back stock and significantly altered the payout landscape. My second chapter examines the strategic use and timing of share repurchases by insiders for personal gain. Using grant level compensation data and a hand-collected sample of monthly repurchases, I find a positive relation between CEO equity sales and share repurchases. I identify the relationship by instrumenting equity sales with equity grant vesting schedules. This relation is persistent across firm characteristics and does not appear to be destroying shareholder value. The results indicate managerial self-interest motivates a subset of share repurchases.
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Vanderplank, Kevin N. "Share price response associated with additions to and deletions from the S&P ASX 200 share price index." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1895.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1970’s Managed Investment Funds began to source funds directly from the public for investment in the capital markets. The main selling feature of the funds was that they could accumulate a pool of investment capital which would then be invested to earn returns, through economies of scale, in excess of those that could be earned by the investors individually.
Investors in managed funds usually benchmark the performance of their investments, and by default the performance of the fund managers, against the returns available on the index. So that they may at least mimic the return on the index many fund managers will weight the assets in their portfolio to match that of the index.
The present study uses a raw return, a dividend adjusted return and a market model return to analyse the impact on investors returns of shares that either enter or exit Australia’s benchmark market index. The period of the study is between the introduction of the benchmark S&P ASX 200 Index in April 2000 and December 2004.
The present study finds conclusive evidence that the announcement of changes to the index does not contain any information of which the market is unaware. In fact there is strong evidence that investors begin to respond to potential changes in the in index constituents six months prior to the actual change.
These results differ significantly from those found in studies on the US and the UK markets and are of importance to those investors that attempt to track returns of the index.
The results of the present study also provide strong evidence of the dominance of the funds management industry in the Australian market. This has significance for the small investor who is trying to compete and manage their portfolio for themselves.
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Narayanan, Christopher Ram. "Landowner survey of a cost-share brush management program in two Texas watersheds." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1295.
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With the expanding population of Texas and the resulting increase in demand for water, the scarcity of water is becoming an increasingly urgent issue and research is being conducted to find ways to improve water yield, the amount of water that is used for aquifer recharge and riparian areas (lakes, streams, etc). Rangelands provide a major catchment for both surface reservoirs and aquifers. The Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone and the Twin Buttes Drainage Area were selected to determine the tradeoffs between brush management for increased water yield and wildlife habitat improvement. In April 2002, a mail survey of 300 randomly selected landowners was conducted in each of the two watersheds to gain information regarding their demographics, land cover, and willingness to enter into a cost-share brush removal program. A total of 131 usable questionnaires (43.7%) were returned by Edwards Aquifer area participants, and 141 usable questionnaires (47.0%) were returned by Twin Buttes area participants. Respondents were asked questions including attitudes towards brush amounts and management strategies, and certain constraints that may be included in a cost-share brush removal program. Most respondents indicated interest in enrolling at least part of their land in such a program. Reasoning behind interest varied in each study area. However, interest in various contractual agreements was neutral at best. Policy implications entail considering wildlife habitat mitigation, landowners' preferences, and potential for increasing water yield and determining if all can be managed, or if trade-offs must be considered.
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Davis, James E. (James Edward) 1962. "Airline market share modeling in originating city markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14176.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989 and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-130).
by James Edward Davis.
M.S.
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Tolsma, Mischa. "Dispersal of information into share markets : a stochastic model simulation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95665.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.This research report examines the dispersal of information into the share market. According to the efficient market hypothesis, the share price always reflects all available information on a company. This information is incorporated into the share price via heterogeneous trader interaction: a transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller sets the latest share price. Therefore, the dispersal of information is a dynamic process. This process has been modelled with a newly developed micro-economic, stochastic, dynamic model for share price based on trader interaction. The model has been implemented as a Monte Carlo simulation with several supporting metrics to assess simulation results. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to validate the model and to examine the dispersal and value of information. Key findings are that trader interaction is a dominant effect in both the dispersal of information and portfolio performance; technical trading, i.e. trading on only past share price information, can be beneficial under certain conditions; technical trading causes the share price to increase significantly compared to rational trading; information is more valuable for fast changing markets and small companies. The findings from Monte Carlo simulation have been compared with sectors of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and advice is provided with regards to the value of information per sector.
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Deodhar, Abhijit Anant. "COPS: A Framework for Consumer Oriented Proportional share Scheduling." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33232.
Full textAbstract:
Scheduling forms an important aspect of operating systems because it has a direct impact on
system performance. Most existing general-purpose schedulers use a priority-based scheme to
schedule processes. Such priority-based mechanisms cannot guarantee proportional fairness
for every process. Proportional share schedulers maintain fairness among tasks based on
given weight values. In both of these scheduler types, the scheduling decision is done perprocess.
However, system usage policies are typically set on a per-consumer basis, where a
consumer represents a group of related processes that may belong to the same application
or user.
The COPS framework uses the idea of consumer sets to group processes. Its design guarantees
system usage per consumer, based on relative weights. We have added a share management
layer on top of a proportional share scheduler to ease the administrative job of share
assignment for these consumer sets. We have evaluated our system in real world scenarios
and show that the CPU usage for consumer sets with CPU-bound processes complies with
the administrator-defined policy goals.Master of Science
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Blackwell, Breyanna Marie. ""To Share or Not to Share:" A Study of an Individual's Self-Representation on Instagram in Accordance with Impression Management Theory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3257.
Full textAbstract:
This research study examined what the motivations and consequences of self-disclosure on Instagram were as well as its correlation with Impression Management Theory. The research used a 37 question survey which was distributed on social media, through the Department of Media and Communication at ETSU as well as a public speaking class. There were 232 participants in this study who were 18 or older and used Instagram. Research found that individuals’ self disclose using levels of relationship management, showing off, information sharing and habitual behavior. Future research includes the opportunity to incorporate a sample of participants across different cultures to analyze the differences in self-disclosure styles on Instagram.
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Zheng, Fuling. "An examination of potential backdating of executive share option grants in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19385.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-77).This study investigates whether executives backdate share option grants to their advantage in South Africa. Using data of 175 option grants to executives among the 41 top companies in South Africa between 2001 and 2006, a pattern of negative cumulative abnormal stock returns before the grant dates but positive and increasing returns thereafter is observed. This pattern is much more pronounced for unscheduled grants. Statistical testing shows the mean cumulative abnormal returns are significantly different from zero after the grant date, but are not significantly different from zero before the grant date. The mean differences in average cumulative abnormal stock returns between pre- and post- grant periods are significantly different. The results suggest that some opportunistic behavior might have taken place around the executive option grants, including backdating.
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Reid-Grant, Marcia Yvonne. "Share Retention, Underwriter Reputation, and Initial Public Offering Underpricing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6268.
Full textAbstract:
Initial public offering (IPO) underpricing is a costly practice that decreases the IPO proceeds accruing to the issuing firms and can derail a firm's growth objectives. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine the relationship between share retention, underwriter reputation, and IPO underpricing among a population of IPOs issued in Jamaica. The efficient market hypothesis served as the theoretical framework for this study. Archived data for 52 IPOs issued in Jamaica from 1986 to 2018 were collected and Spearman's correlation matrix and heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors regression analysis were applied. The outcomes of this study indicated no significant relationship between share retention and IPO underpricing, α = .1 and α = .05, r = .059, p = .35; however, there was partial acceptance of the alternative hypothesis that underwriter reputation is related to IPO underpricing at α = .1, r = .234, p = .055, but not α = .05. Additionally, underpricing was higher for IPOs supported by the high reputation underwriters, and share retention was a slightly better predictor of IPO underpricing for this group of IPOs, R2 = .02, p = .31 versus R2 = .01, p = .75. Finally, the overall model indicated that the independent variables did not jointly explain IPO underpricing, F(2, 45) = .78, p = .455, R2 = .032. The results of this study might contribute to social change because successful IPOs can increase employment opportunities as well as improve income distribution and socioeconomic indicators for the communities served by IPO firms.
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Hagba, Dorbor M. "Can market volume help in predicting share market volatility." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/15043.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper explores a number of statistical models for predicting the daily stock return volatility of an aggregate of all stocks traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The study is largely inspired by the work of Chris Brooks (1998). The volume of shares traded might be as important as the change in a market index since substantial price increases and decreases are often accompanied by heavy trading activity. An application of linear and non-linear Granger causality tests highlights evidence of bidirectional causality, although the relationship is stronger from volatility to volume than from volume to volatility. The out-of-sample forecasting performance of various linear and non-linear models of volatility are evaluated and compared. The models are also augmented by the addition of a measure of lagged volume to form more general ex-ante forecasting models. The results indicate that augmenting models of volatility with measures of lagged volume leads only to fairly small improvements in forecasting performance. The report also shows that the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is vulnerable to financial turmoil in other major markets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag verken 'n aantal statistiese modelle vir die vooruitskatting van die daaglikse onbestendigheid in aandeleopbrengste van die totaal van alle aandele wat op die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs (JSE) verhandel word. Hierdie studie is grotendeels geinspireer deur die werk van Chris Brooks (1998). Die volume aandele wat verhandel word, kan net so belangrik wees soos die verandering in 'n markindeks omdat beduidende prysverhogings en -verlagings dikwels met swaar verhandelingsaktiwiteite gepaard gaan. 'n Toepassing van liniere en nie-liniere Grangeroorsaaklikheidstoetse lewer bewys van tweerigting-oorsaaklikheid, hoewel daar 'n sterker verband van onbestendigheid na volume is, as van volume na onbestendigheid. Die buite-steekproef vooruitskattingsprestasie van verskeie liniere en nie-liniere modelle van onbestendigheid word geevalueer en vergelyk. Die modelle word aangevul deur die byvoeging van gesloerde volumes om meer algemene vooruitskattingsmodelle te vorm. Die resultate dui daarop dat aangevulde modelle van onbestendigheid met sloerings in volume slegs tot betreklik klein verbeteringe in vooruitskattingsprestasie lei. Die resultate dui daarop dat die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs kwesbaar is vir finansiele turbulensie in ander belangrike markte.