Journal articles on the topic 'Shame in children Case studies'
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1
Thurston, Nancy Stiehler. "Shame and Guilt in Christian Children: Interventions with Projective Techniques and Play Therapy." Journal of Psychology and Theology 22, no. 4 (December 1994): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719402200423.
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Psychotherapy issues for religiously committed clients have been explored in several recent books and articles. While these works have focused on adults, little has been written on the therapy issues of religiously committed children. Emerging research suggests that children's conceptions of God are quite different than that of adults. Moreover, due to their concrete thinking, children often find it hard to grasp theological foundations to the Christian faith (e.g., salvation by grace) that adults typically assimilate into their world view. While children generally learn of God's grace and mercy in Sunday school, it has been found that some of them nonetheless struggle deeply with issues of guilt and shame. It has been well documented that children do not have the same cognitive and language abilities as adults, and therefore require considerably different modes of psychotherapy. For latency aged and younger children, play therapy is often the treatment of choice. This article will present a case study of a Christian child who participated in a projective assessment and play therapy for healing of shame and guilt issues.
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Pohárnok, Melinda, and András Láng. "Gender differences in mother-child conversations about shame and pride in a Hungarian sample." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2859.
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Although meta-analytic reviews repeatedly found significant gender differences in the experiences of shame and pride throughout the life span, to date, gender differences in conversations about these emotions have not been studied. Our research was aimed at investigating the effect of child gender on maternal conversational style in and emotional content of mother-child conversations about shame- and pride-related past events in preschool years. Fifty four mother—preschool child dyads (52% girls, children’s age M = 70.36 months [SD = 8.13], mothers’ age M = 37.51 years [SD = 3.70]) from middle class Hungarian families were asked to talk about two past events, one in which children felt ashamed, and one in which they felt proud. The conversations were transcribed and coded for maternal conversational style and for emotional content. Maternal conversational style was indicated by maternal elaboration and evaluation of the child’s contributions. Emotional content was indicated by specific emotion terms, emotional behavior and emotional evaluations. In mother-son shame conversations, we found higher amount of negative emotional behavior. Boys also had longer conversations with their mothers, and mothers used more open-ended memory questions and more repetitions with boys in both shame and pride conversations. Girls had shorter contributions to pride stories than to shame stories, which was not the case for boys. Exploration of verbal socialization of shame and pride helps us to understand the development of individual differences in proneness to self-conscious emotions, and their implications for mental health.
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Moy, Ronald L., and Ralph Terregrossa. "Rich Family, Poor Family: Investment Portfolios And Case Studies From USA Today." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v5i4.4709.
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Case studies have become an integral part of the business education curriculum. However, opportunities to use this approach in financial planning are limited because of the lack of cases about individual investors. Although parents could share their finances with their children, a brief survey we conducted indicates that our students are not getting the opportunity to examine the personal financial information of their family members or friends either. This void is leaving students unprepared to enter into careers in financial planning and brokerage. This paper discusses the use of a long-running monthly column from USA Today entitled Your Portfolio, which provides cases on individual investing. The articles can be used to provide students with the opportunity to view the real-world financial circumstances of a range of individuals and to analyze and recommend the best course of action.
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Quka, Najada, and Rigerta Selenica. "Anterior View of Postural Youth Behavior: A Case Study." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/214bbn39.
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In the last two decades, incorrect posture has become significantly more widespread, particularly among school-aged children. According to various studies, scoliosis is one of the most prevalent incorrect postural types seen in school-aged children. The purpose of our study is to find out how common "Scoliosis" is among Albanian children. Methodology: About 308 kids aged 10 to 13 years (n = 151 girls, n = 157 boys) were randomly selected from Tirana public schools for this study. This group took part in a Posture Shape Examination (Anterior View), using Grid Chart Postural Analysis and the platform “Posture Screen Mobile®-PSM” (iPod). To provide exact information on their looks, children were photographed from the front (upright standing posture) wearing as little as possible. We analyzed the data statistically using "IBM SPSS Statistics 20," which included Descriptive and Frequency Analyze. Results: Our findings revealed that 34 individuals, or 11.03 % of the youngsters, had Scoliosis. This improper posture was more prevalent in 13-year-old youngsters (19.5%) than in children aged 10, 11, or 12. In comparison to females, boys were more impacted by scoliosis (12.7%) than girls (9.3%). The results reveal a minor difference in the degrees of postural displacement between boys (5.81850) and females (5.43610). Furthermore, postural displacement is greater in 13-year-old males (7.76500) and 12-year-old girls (6.14580). Conclusions and Recommendations: Based on the results of our study we conclude that incidents of anterior postural asymmetry occurred even in Albanian school-age children. Scoliosis, even why is detected more in boys, seems to be present in both genders. Based on these conclusions we recommend that parents, teachers, and children should be more informed about good posture and the problems that might arise from an incorrect posture. Further studies are important to be conducted in this field, in order to prevent the occurrence of these deviations and their aggravation in our young generation.
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Goldberg, Jaime, and Jooyoung Kong. "TO CARE OR NOT TO CARE: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE ABOUT ADULT CHILDREN CARING FOR PARENTAL PERPETRATORS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2337.
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Abstract Though research about adult child survivors of childhood parental maltreatment who serve as caregivers for their perpetrating parent remains in its infancy, this topic has received some media attention in recent years. These publications, mainly focused on what, if any, duty an adult child survivor of parental childhood maltreatment has to care for their aging/ill parent, have garnered hundreds of online responses from readers that reveal vastly different beliefs, attitudes, and opinions about such caregivers. Content analysis was conducted on 513 comments across 5 online publications including the New York Times New Old Age blog, AgingCare blog, Slate Magazine, and Quora discussion forum. Several themes emerged from the data: (1) feelings of obligation; (2) setting boundaries; (3) validation of experience; (4) judgment of choices. It is evident from this analysis that the shame and stigma of being harmed by a parent in childhood persists into adulthood and the isolation of caregiving is palpable; participants posted to this online forum seeking connection in shared experience. The decision to participate in caregiving is particularly fraught when there is a history of maltreatment in the family system. For those who decide to become caregivers, they are at higher risk for experiencing ongoing challenges to their health, mental health, and overall wellbeing; for those who do not, they may still experience emotional turmoil. Gerontological researchers and clinicians’ heightened awareness of and knowledge about such caregivers’ experiences and needs are crucial to provide effective, trauma-informed support.
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Shah, Rakhee, and Ann Hagell. "Public health for paediatricians:How can behavioural economics help to make paediatric practice more effective?" Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 104, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315229.
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Understanding the principles of behavioural economics is important for paediatricians because behavioural economics offers ideas to help improve the quality of paediatric care. It can also be used to inform health interventions/policy at a population level. This paper summarises key behavioural economic concepts such as bounded rationality, bounded willpower and social influence, explaining how they can be used to shape healthy behaviours in children and adolescents. Case studies of interventions that have used behavioural economics principles (sometimes called ‘nudge theory’) are provided.
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Brubacher, Katie. "Print Literacy Humiliation: Translanguaging and emotions with newcomer children." Language and Literacy 24, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29529.
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Emotions not only take us deeper in but also reveal larger political and historical structures that dominate how the Grades 4 to 6 newcomers with emerging print literacy in this study shape their literacy practices. Following a humanizing approach, I conducted three qualitative, critical case studies in Ontario urban schools. Data collection tools included in this article include plurilingual texts, focus group interviews and field notes. Through a thematic deductive analysis, themes emerged such as desire and written English, and print literacy humiliation. Moving away from historically oppressive, English-only structures in the classrooms, created more excitement and pride around writing and language.
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Ohemeng, Fidelia N. A., and Steve Tonah. "“I Want to Go Gently”." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 75, no. 4 (March 5, 2015): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575010.
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This article examines the views of persons living with AIDS about how they want to die and how they are planning for their deaths. Participants for the study were purposefully drawn from an HIV clinic in an urban town in Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 persons living with AIDS. Three preferences of death were identified by the participants. These include the desire for a quick death, death at home, and death without emaciating. Planning for death involved attending church and taking care of children. Inherent in the responses of the participants is the concern for cost of care, dwindling network of family carers, and stigmatization and shame. The article concludes that the government needs to provide support for home-based care, establish a pension for AIDS patients, support families to pay for the funeral expenses of their relatives, and scale up effort to reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
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Chirilă, E. "Con?icted Identities and Art Therapy: Practices and Case Studies in Kolozsvar/Cluj-Napoca, Romania." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S549—S550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1407.
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Introduction . Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania, Romania, has a historically multiethnic population who maintain their language-based cultural identities. In order to harmonize interethnic relations in our multicultural society, art-therapeutical methods depend on the need to establish a sensitive relationship between the cultural horizon of individuals, thus increasing self-confidence, tolerance, resilience. Objectives The objectives are : to develop social skills, which facilitate the social and professional integration of children and adolescents belonging to ethnic groups living together, including those with disabilities. Methods Clinical art therapy have unfolded within interdisciplinary teams: a neuropsychiatry doctor, a psychologist, a pedagogue, a social worker, an art therapist– each one having a specialized role. A medical project was transformed into an artistic project: E xperimenting with complex relationships: shape of the human body – shape of man-made objects and the creation of personal shapes conduct to harmonize interethnic relations in a multicultural place. Results Focus on several objectives: - practicing the abilities to express one’s feelings - the consolidation of self-respect and of confidence - the training of empathy - the development of personal problem and conflict solving strategies -the breaking through the emotional blockages - the improvement of cognitive abilities -the release of tension, frustrations, anxieties, stress -the development of social skills Conclusions Benefits arise from experiences based in artistic creativity: materializing ideas and coping with unexpected outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Tanskanen, Antti O., Mirkka Danielsbacka, and Anna Rotkirch. "Grandparental Childcare for Biological, Adopted, and Step-Offspring: Findings From Cross-National Surveys." Evolutionary Psychology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 147470492090789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704920907894.
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Based on kin selection theory, amounts of grandparental investment should reflect the probability to share common genes with offspring. Adoption may represent a special case, however, yet grandparental investment in adopted children has previously been both theoretically misconstrued and little investigated. Here, we study for the first time how grandparental childcare provision is distributed between biological, adopted, and step-offspring. Using Generations and Gender Surveys ( n = 15,168 adult child–grandmother and 12,193 adult child–grandfather dyads) and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe ( n = 17,233 grandmother–adult child and 13,000 grandfather–adult child dyads), we find that grandparents were less likely to provide care to stepchildren than to adopted and biological children, but no difference between adopted and biological children. These findings were present in both data sets and for both grandmothers and grandfathers, after several potentially confounding factors were taken into account. The stepchild disadvantage is in line with kin selection theory. The congruent amounts of care provided to adopted and biological children may reflect similar levels of adult–child attachment, selection effects, and greater need in adoptive families, as well as some degree of genetical relatedness in the case of kin adoption. The study provides new evidence of biased kin investments in contemporary societies and stresses the importance of psychological motivation and attachment in evolutionary studies of kin investment.
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Bueno, Michael, and Jo-Ana Chase. "Gender Differences in Caregiving of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.491.
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Abstract Caregivers of older adults with chronic illness provide essential care that benefits individuals and society. Many factors influence health outcomes related to the caregiving role. The purpose of this review is to explore how caregiver health outcomes may vary by gender. Data sources include CINAHL, Google Scholar, Google and PsychINFO. Eligible studies focused on gender-based differences in psychological and emotional outcomes of primary informal or familial caregivers (ie, spouses, children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, neighbors, and friends) of an older adult with chronic illness. The Caregiver Identity Theory (CIT) guided this study. Twelve studies were eligible for this review. Consistent with the CIT, negative outcomes are associated with changing role identity throughout the care recipient’s disease progression, and these outcomes differ between genders. Women tended to experience higher overall burden, stress, anxiety, shame and role strain; however, some studies found that men may be affected more during the initial transition into the caregiver role. Methodological limitations of primary research in this area included the use of cross-sectional design, poor generalization to US populations since most studies were conducted outside of the US, and disproportionately fewer male participants across studies. Overall, gender differences in health outcomes among caregivers exist, and other variables relating to gender, such as kinship and age, may also be important factors. Findings suggest health professionals should create individualized engagement, communication, and training strategies with considerations for gender differences in design. Future studies including more male caregivers and more diverse participants is warranted.
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Wadhwa, A., A. Sareen, and Y. Saade. "TMS use in Depressive disorder in Youth." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1908.
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Introduction Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive method of altering brain activity (1) has widened the array of therapeutic options available for various psychiatric disorders. Objectives Trans-cranial Magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive method of altering brain activity has widened the array of therapeutic options available for various psychiatric disorders. •A large number of studies have shown therapeutic benefits in a wide range of patient population with majority of studies in adults. •TMS is used increasingly for the treatment of child and adolescent depression. •Yet, the scarcity of studies and lack of published guidelines for this population is notable. •As TMS use is expanding in this population, an overview of the use of TMS in children and adolescents with depression may provide much needed and timely perspective on this neuropsychiatric intervention. Methods We searched all published studies using PubMed database, on TMS use in depressive disorders in children and adolescents. A total of 13 studies were found to have reported use of TMS in depression in children and adolescents. Results We found various case series, open label studies as well as sham controlled blind studies indicating that TMS has been effective in treating depression in children and adolescents. No significant side effects were found in our review. Conclusions Studies have shown that TMS is an effective treatment option for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Initial studies look promising but implications in large pediatric population may be different and there is a need for more double blind, controlled trials with larger sample size. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Grinde, Turid. "Nordic child welfare services: variations in norms, attitudes and practice." Journal of Children's Services 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17466660200700035.
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Earlier Nordic comparative studies show variation between countries in child welfare practice, reflecting cultural differences, and that case workers share the norms, values and attitudes of their society. Can cultural factors be concretised for discussion? Child welfare workers in Denmark, Iceland and Norway were presented with five child care stories (vignettes) that focused on the ‘threshold’ between preventive measures and out‐of‐home care (consensual or compulsory). Vignette themes included parental neglect, maternal alcohol misuse and youth problems. Study participants gave written answers to the vignettes and took part in group discussions with colleagues. The results showed significant differences between countries in case workers' responses. Variations in arguments, decisions, use of compulsion and working style reflected national views and priorities. A central dimension was how case workers balanced parental interests with children's needs: in Denmark they were reluctant to intervene with parental rights, whereas the Norwegians were more accepting of compulsory decisions to protect children.
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Clulow, Suzanne, Nikoleta Dimitrouka, and Iván Zamora Zapata. "COVID on three continents: how local children’s organisations in Africa, Europe and South America are adapting to the coronavirus challenge." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-07-2020-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share anecdotally how the pandemic is affecting children, families and some of the frontline local services that support them across three continents. Design/methodology/approach Three members of Family for Every Child across three continents detail some of the day-to-day challenges they are facing in their work with children and families as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Findings Social distancing and fear of the virus are hampering front line organisations in Africa, Europe and South America, bringing additional challenges to keeping children safe. Originality/value These three case studies give a snapshot of the issues faced by three non-governmental children’s organisations over three continents during July 2020.
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Kaps, Petra, and kai Marquardsen. "Präventive Sozialpolitik?" Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 63, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 217–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2017-0012.
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AbstractSince 2011 German municipalities are responsible for organizing the „BuT-Leistungen“. Ex negativo BuT-Leistungen should prevent children from low-income households from social exclusion, while ex positivo they are intended to expand future chances of participation in society by granting access to socio-cultural activities and education. Based on case studies, our article asks how municipalities strategically shape BuT-Leistungen to become more or less preventative.
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Matiti, Lawrence, and Dr T. Velmurugan. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Children Safe Spaces (Children's Corners) on the Lives of Orphans and Vulnerable Children: A Case of Chanyungu Children's Corner in Machinga District." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 2542–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i10.el03.
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The HIV and AIDS epidemic is exerting the pressure on the immediate and extended family that the traditional care and support system has been stretched to the limit. Despite this, the family and the community are still the best providers of care and support to children. In response to the negative effects that children are facing, Government of Malawi introduced childrens corners as a community-based structure that, if properly implemented, can offer community parenting to address some of the childrens challenges.
In exploring the effectiveness of these child safe spaces (childrens corners) on the psychosocial lives of orphans and vulnerable children, this study will be carried out in Chanyungu Village in Machinga District - Malawi. The researcher has an assumption of that childrens corners help to bring change in the lives of children such that if the programs are more targeted on the vulnerable children they can help to reverse the impact of vulnerability.
This research will try to establish that vulnerable children acquire adequate information from childrens corners and it is this information that will help them change behaviour because they interact with their peers and share experiences. Previous studies done in other countries has also found that effective interventions such as peer education, resilience building are needed to help the vulnerable children maintain coping skills on challenges of life.
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Calder, Samuel D., Mary Claessen, and Suze Leitão. "Combining implicit and explicit intervention approaches to target grammar in young children with Developmental Language Disorder." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 34, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659017735392.
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Children with Developmental Language Disorder are likely to experience difficulties with morphosyntax, especially regular past tense marking. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of intervention to improve morphosyntax in young school-aged children with DLD. This study investigated the efficacy of combined explicit and implicit intervention techniques delivered by a speech pathologist to improve receptive and expressive grammar, including the use of past tense morphosyntax, using a multiple baseline single case experimental design. Participants were aged six to seven years and received two 1:1 45 minute sessions per week for five weeks (total 7.5 hours) using Shape Coding intervention techniques combined with implicit approaches. Two of the three participants made statistically significant gains on standardized tests of general receptive and expressive grammar. Two of the three children made statistically significant improvement on measures of expressive morphosyntax, with one participant continuing to improve five weeks post treatment. Findings suggest that this approach was efficacious. These findings warrant further investigation using larger group comparison research studies.
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Ramiati, Eka, and Yuli Tri Andini. "PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENYESUAIAN DIRI ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA PGRI GENTENG BANYUWANGI." Ar-Risalah: Media Keislaman, Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam 17, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/arrisalah.v17i2.276.
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Being a parent is a very meaningful gift to every couple, especially with the presence of a child who is the epitome of love for both of her parents. If a child is born in a state of mental disability or a tunagrahita, then the parent will begin to think about how they should raise the child who is mentally disabled. The fact that is happening in the community about the parenting of disabled is the number of parents who let even hide the children of disabled because of shame, but there are also parents who give good parenting to them.
The purpose of this study is to explain and give an overview of the form of self-adjustment and the cause of the children's causes, the factors that cause self-adjustment in children, the factors that influence self-adjustment Children and to know how the role of parents in assisting the self-adjustment of the child is a disabled. The study used a qualitative approach in the form of case studies. The characteristics of the subject in this study were 15-year-old disabled children and male genders, while the characteristics of respondents in this study were married couples who had a 30-50-year-old child of disabled .
Based on the results of the research known that the form of self-adjustment of children such as those who want to be independent, have the same desire with normal people, social interaction, have self control, and confident. The cause of child disabled is due to high fever pain (convulsions) and the economic difficulties of the subject family, so that their child is too late to get treatment that eventually leads to disabled. Factors that are the cause of self-adjustment in the child are physical and psychological factors and environmental factors, namely the attention of the environment, such as family members and neighbors around the place of residence. In an effort to adjust itself, the child needs a good role of parents, which provides proper support and parenting. Parenting roles include material support, attention support, parental acceptance, advice and parenting.
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Woodman, Jenny, Hannah Lewis, Ronny Cheung, Ruth Gilbert, and Linda PMM Wijlaars. "Integrating primary and secondary care for children and young people: sharing practice." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 9 (October 20, 2015): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308558.
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ObjectiveTo share innovative practice with enough detail to be useful for paediatricians involved in planning services.DesignA review of practice, adopting a realist approach.SettingWe collected detailed information about five initiatives which were presented at two meetings in July and October 2014 and telephone interviews between July and November 2014 with key informants, updating information again in February 2015.ResultsThe five case studies involved three clinical commissioning groups (CCGs): Islington CCG and Southwark and Lambeth CCG in London and Taunton CCG in the Southwest. All five initiatives involved acute paediatric units. We heard about four distinct types of services designed to bring paediatric expertise into primary care and/or improve joint working between paediatricians and primary care professionals: telephone multidisciplinary team, hospital at home, general practitioner (GP) outreach clinics, and advice and guidance. We defined four common ways that initiatives might work: promoting shared responsibility; upskilling GPs; establishing relationships between paediatricians and primary healthcare professionals; and by taking specialist care to the patient.ConclusionsWe derived common aims and mechanisms and generated programme (mid-level) theory for each integrated care initiative about how they might work. These descriptions of what is being done can inform debate about which interventions should be prioritised for wider implementation. There is an urgent need for evaluation of these interventions and more indepth research into how mechanisms and their effectiveness could be assessed.
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Calder, Samuel D., Mary Claessen, Susan Ebbels, and Suze Leitão. "Explicit Grammar Intervention in Young School-Aged Children With Developmental Language Disorder: An Efficacy Study Using Single-Case Experimental Design." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-19-00060.
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Purpose This study evaluated the efficacy of an explicit, combined metalinguistic training and grammar facilitation intervention aimed at improving regular past tense marking for nine children aged 5;10–6;8 (years;months) with developmental language disorder. Method This study used an ABA across-participant multiple-baseline single-case experimental design. Participants were seen one-on-one twice a week for 20- to 30-min sessions for 10 weeks and received explicit grammar intervention combining metalinguistic training using the SHAPE CODING system with grammar facilitation techniques (a systematic cueing hierarchy). In each session, 50 trials to produce the target form were completed, resulting in a total of 1,000 trials over 20 individual therapy sessions. Repeated measures of morphosyntax were collected using probes, including trained past tense verbs, untrained past tense verbs, third-person singular verbs as an extension probe, and possessive 's as a control probe. Probing contexts included expressive morphosyntax and grammaticality judgment. Outcome measures also included pre–poststandard measures of expressive and receptive grammar. Results Analyses of repeated measures demonstrated significant improvement in past tense production on trained verbs (eight of nine children) and untrained verbs (seven of nine children), indicating efficacy of the treatment. These gains were maintained for 5 weeks. The majority of children made significant improvement on standardized measures of expressive grammar (eight of nine children). Only five of nine children improved on grammaticality judgment or receptive measures. Conclusion Results continue to support the efficacy of explicit grammar interventions to improve past tense marking in early school-aged children. Future research should aim to evaluate the efficacy of similar interventions with group comparison studies and determine whether explicit grammar interventions can improve other aspects of grammatical difficulty for early school-aged children with developmental language disorder. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11958771
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Garnett, Emily O., Ho Ming Chow, and Soo-Eun Chang. "Neuroanatomical Correlates of Childhood Stuttering: MRI Indices of White and Gray Matter Development That Differentiate Persistence Versus Recovery." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 8S (August 29, 2019): 2986–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0356.
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Purpose We review two recent neuroanatomical studies of children who stutter (CWS), one that examines white matter integrity and the other that focuses on cortical gray matter morphology. In both studies, we sought to examine differences between children whose stuttering persists (“persistent”), children who recovered from stuttering (“recovered”), and their nonstuttering peers (“controls”). Method Both of the reviewed studies use data from a large pediatric sample spanning preschool- to school-age children (3–10 years old at initial testing). Study 1 focused on surface-based measures of cortical size (thickness) and shape (gyrification) using structural magnetic resonance imaging, whereas Study 2 utilized diffusion tensor imaging to examine white matter integrity. Results In both studies, the main difference that emerged between CWS and fluent peers encompassed left hemisphere speech motor areas that are interconnected via the arcuate fasciculus. In the case of white matter integrity, the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal gyrus, both connected via the left arcuate fasciculus, and regions along the corpus callosum that contain fibers connecting bilateral motor regions were significantly decreased in white matter integrity in CWS compared to controls. In the morphometric study, children who would go on to have persistent stuttering specifically had lower cortical thickness in ventral motor and premotor areas of the left hemisphere. Conclusion These results point to aberrant development of cortical areas involved in integrating sensory feedback with speech movements in CWS and differences in interhemispheric connectivity between the two motor cortices. Furthermore, developmental trajectories in these areas seem to diverge between persistent and recovered cases.
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Edwards, Susan. "Cyber-safety and COVID-19 in the early years: A research agenda." Journal of Early Childhood Research 19, no. 3 (June 14, 2021): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x211014908.
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Young children aged birth to 5 years are known users of the internet, both unsupervised and in collaboration with adults. Adults also use the internet to share details of children’s lives with others, via sharenting and educational apps. During COVID-19 internet use by children and families rose significantly during periods of enforced stay-home. Internet use by children, and by adults on behalf exposes children to conduct, contact and content risks online. These risks mean that cyber-safety in the early years is increasingly necessary, especially concerning increased internet usage during COVID-19. While cyber-safety is well developed for primary and secondary-school aged children this is not the case for young children, their families and educators. This paper proposes a research agenda for cyber-safety in the early years, using critical constructivism and internet studies to define the internet as a non-unitary technology. Three main objects of study concerning cyber-safety in the early years, including the reference to COVID-19 are identified for targeted research, including: technologies, context and policy.
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Likus, Wirginia, Grzegorz Bajor, Katrzyna Gruszczyńska, Jan Baron, Jarosław Markowski, Magdalena Machnikowska-Sokołowska, Daniela Milka, and Tomasz Lepich. "Cephalic Index in the First Three Years of Life: Study of Children with Normal Brain Development Based on Computed Tomography." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/502836.
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Cephalic index is a highly useful method for planning surgical procedures, as well as assessing their effectiveness in correcting cranial deformations in children. There are relatively very few studies measuring cephalic index in healthy Caucasian young children. The aim of our study was to develop a classification of current cephalic index for healthy Caucasian children up to 3 years of age with normal brain development, using axial slice computer tomography performed with very thin slices (0.5 mm) resulting in more accurate measurements. 180 healthy infants (83 females and 97 males) were divided into 5 age categories: 0–3, 4–6, 7–12, 13–24, and 25–36 months. The average value of cephalic index in children up to 3 years of age amounted to 81.45 ± 7.06. The index value in case of children under 3 months was 80.19, 4 to 6 months was 81.45, 7 to 12 months was 83.15, in children under 2 years was 81.05, and in children under 3 years was 79.76. Mesocephaly is the dominating skull shape in children. In this study, we formulated a classification of current cephalic indices of children with normal brain development. Our date appears to be of utmost importance in anthropology, anatomy forensic medicine, and genetics.
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Marriott, Clare, Caroline Parish, Chris Griffiths, and Rebecca Fish. "Experiences of shame and intellectual disabilities: Two case studies." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 24, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629519844091.
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Shame is a trans-diagnostic phenomenon that underlies a variety of mental health difficulties. People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are reported to be one of the most stigmatized and excluded groups in society and are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population. Consequently, this group may be at a significant risk of shame-related distress. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the experience of shame in people with ID, and there is currently a lack of interventions targeting shame in people with ID. Two case studies were undertaken to document the experiences of stigma, discrimination, and shame in people with ID and to explore how shame may present in this population. Shame was found to be a significant barrier to social inclusion and to contribute towards poor psychological health in people with ID. The development of interventions that specifically target shame in this population is recommended.
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Zalsman, G. "Timing is critical: Gene, environment and timing interactions in genetics of suicide in children and adolescents." European Psychiatry 25, no. 5 (June 2010): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.007.
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AbstractSuicidal behavior runs in families and is prevalent in adolescence. Case-control and family-based studies in this age group failed to find a genetic association that survived replications. Gene environment approach gave new hope for possible associations especially with the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). However, a recent meta-analysis raised doubts about the consistency of these findings. Some new structural and functional imaging data may shade light on the age-related and gender-related development of the brain. This review suggests a new approach to gene by environment and timing interaction to understand the interplay that leads to suicidality in adolescents and young adults.
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Hanapi, Agustin, and Edy Yuhermansyah. "Urgency of Marriage Registration for Women and Child Protection in Gayo Lues District." Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.7942.
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Announcing marriage is an act to spread Islamic greatness. There have never been any previous scholars who married secretly or did not announce their marriages. Currently, marriages that are carried out in secret are synonymous with elopement and are not recorded in the Religious Affairs Office. The phenomenon of underage elopement, which the locals refer to as ‘naik’ (rising), is quite prevalent in Gayo Lues District. There have been six cases occurred already in one year. A pair of students who were still under 19 without the permission of their parents or the school deliberately went to a traditional leader, begging to be married off, while some others even dared to skip the administrative procedures and directly married, thinking that the procedures could be taken care of later. However, the real-life is not as smooth as they expected, and so their marriage was not registered, eventually causing the women and children to be the victims. In this study, the focus has related the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and legislation in Indonesia on marriage registration and the consequences for women and children when there is no marriage registration. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews, descriptive analysis methods, the empirical juridical approach, and the normative juridical approach. The results of the study showed that students who eloped in high school generally no longer continued their studies because of shame and inferiority towards their friends. Marriage registration is handled by the State or the Government through statutory regulations in order to create orderly marriage in society.
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Sugiharti, Sugiharti, Rini Sasanti Handayani, Heny Lestary, Mujiati Mujiati, and Andi Leny Susyanti. "STIGMA DAN DISKRIMINASI PADA ANAK DENGAN HIV AIDS (ADHA) DI SEPULUH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi 10, no. 2 (January 3, 2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2459.
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Abstract
Background: Children with HIV are vulnerable groups that need to be protected, considering that their parents have often died of HIV/AIDS.
Objective: The purpose is to find information about stigma and discrimination against children with HIV/AIDS in 10 districts in Indonesia.
Method: The study was conducted in 2015 with a cross-sectional research design using quantitative and qualitative combined approaches (mixed methods approaches). Quantitative study respondents were parents/guardians of children with HIV/AIDS aged ≥18 months totaling 201 children with HIV/AIDS. The variables studied included: age, child status, children with HIV/AIDS companion and source of transmission), reasons for closing the ADHA status and reasons for opening status. The qualitative study informants were doctors, nurses, case managers, NGOs, and the Education Office
Results: Quantitative results showed that 41.8% of children with HIV/AIDS were aged 4-9 years; 58.5% are in school; 61.7% of children with HIV/AIDS companions are biological parents; 91.5% of sources of transmission are from biological mothers; 57.5% of reasons for closing status because of shame/stigma/ discrimination, 45.9% of reasons for opening status because the family already knew. Qualitative results of stigma and discrimination occur in families, the environment, schools, and health services
Conclusion: Children with HIV/AIDS are a vulnerable group that must be protected. They have the right to live properly and safely like other children. But the results of this study found that there was still stigma and discrimination for Children with HIV/AIDS, both in the home, school and health care facilities.
Key words: Children with HIV/AIDS, Stigma and Discrimination, HIV/AIDS
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Anak dengan HIV merupakan kelompok rentan yang perlu dilindungi, mengingat orang tua mereka sering kali sudah meninggal karena HIV/AIDS.
Tujuan: mengetahui gambaran stigma dan diskriminasi pada Anak dengan HIV/AIDS (ADHA) pada 10 Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2015 dengan disain potong lintang, menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed methods approaches). Responden studi kuantitatif adalah orangtua/wali dengan ADHA berusia ≥18 bulan sejumlah 201 ADHA yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi: usia, status anak, pendamping ADHA dan sumber penularan), alasan menutup status ADHA dan alasan membuka status. Informan studi kualitatif adalah adalah dokter, perawat, manajer kasus, LSM, dan Dinas Pendidikan
Hasil: Hasil kuantitatif menunjukkan 41,8% ADHA di usia 4–9 tahun; 58,5% berstatus sekolah; 61,7% pendamping ADHA adalah orangtua kandung; 91,5% sumber penularan berasal dari ibu kandung; 57,5% alasan menutup status karena malu/stigma/diskriminasi, 45,9% alasan membuka status karena keluarga sudah tahu. Hasil kualitatif bahwa stigma/ diskriminasi terjadi di keluarga, lingkungan sekitar, sekolah dan pelayanan kesehatan.
Kesimpulan: ADHA merupakan kelompok rentan yang harus dilindungi. Mereka berhak untuk dapat hidup dengan layak dan aman seperti anak – anak lainnya. Namun hasil penelitian ini menemukan masih terjadi stigma dan diskriminasi bagi ADHA, baik di lingkungan rumah, sekolah, maupun fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Kata kunci: ADHA, Stigma dan Diskriminasi, HIV-AIDS
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Ding, Nan, Junyi Zhan, Youjin Shi, Tianci Qiao, Panpan Li, and Tingting Zhang. "Obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer: A systematic review and dose‒response meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): e0278050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278050.
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Objective The relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and the risk of ovarian cancer remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the exact shape of this relationship. Methods We conducted dose‒response meta-analyses of cohort and case‒control studies, including published studies derived from searches in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until October 2022. Pooled effect size estimates are expressed as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were evaluated by fixed-effect models. A nonlinear dose‒response meta-analysis was performed by using a restricted cubic spline model. Results After screening 4215 publications, 10 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall analyses revealed statistically significant associations of obesity in children and adolescents with ovarian cancer (adjusted RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.28, P < 0.001). Moreover, the association was consistently significant in most subgroup analyses, for example, using geographic stratification, the results remained stable both in the Americas(RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.21; P = 0.022) and Europe (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.77; P<0.001). For the dose‒response analyses, the risk of ovarian cancer increased with the degree of obesity, and the trend increased rapidly when body mass index (BMI) was over 25.95 kg/m2. Conclusion Our findings indicate that obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the risk increases with increasing BMI.
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Giannotti, Fabrizia, Andrea Leonardi, and Andrea Pasquali. "The Tower of Torrenostra in Torreblanca - Spain: studies and documentation for a landscape archaeology reconstruction." Studies in Digital Heritage 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23244.
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During the survey campaign of the TOVIVA research project “Torres de vigía y defensa del litoral valenciano. Generación de metadatos y modelos 3D para su interpretación y efectiva puesta en valor,” many of these towers have been digitally surveyed using 3D laser scanner, and terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. The survey campaign took place in April 2015 and after gathering the data, a phase of elaboration has successfully produced the architectural drawings of plans, elevations and sections. A part of this documentation has been collected on the poster "When an isolated building becomes a guideline for the urban pattern. The case of “Torrenostra” in Torreblanca, Castellón, Spain", by T. G. Piqueras S. Giraudeau and A. Leonardi in 2015. In this case we want to present an evolution of the work, aiming to reconstruct the original landscape around it. Although today the tower is surrounded by other buildings on both sides, the situation was different in the past, when the tower was isolated on the coast. Rediscovering the original landscape of the city could be a topic of interest and discussion in the Museum of the Territory of Torreblanca. This could take place inside the tower and explain to visitors the history of the territory and its evolution, involving the structure of the tower itself, changing its shape and value. The 3D reconstruction, both digital and tangible, is also a good way to involve children and adults alike, adding a special value to a historical building.
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Winick, Amber. "Lessons from Objects: Designing a Modern Hungarian Childhood 1890-1950." Hungarian Cultural Studies 8 (January 22, 2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2015.216.
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Art and architecture assisted Hungary’s delivery into modern Europe, and many Hungarian designs of the early twentieth century invoked the child rather than the adult as the ideal citizen. Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, Hungarian designers, design reformers and the Ministry of Culture and Education expressed national identity through design, emphasizing objects and spaces for children as a key element in defining a national culture. This research unfolds a vital dimension of Hungarian culture by examining a selection of objects and spaces—nursery designs, children’s clothing, school architecture, the Budapest Zoo and book illustrations—made for Hungary’s children during different periods of the last century. Working in partnership with the Iparművészeti Múzeum—the Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest—as well as several public and private collections across Hungary, I researched a number of important children’s designs that helped to shape the lives and experiences of twentieth century Hungarian children. Central to my research is how social and political forces shaped designs and how these designs helped children identify as Hungarian citizens. Looking at five material case studies, I hope to demonstrate the ways in which designers negotiated issues of Hungarian identity, tradition, and modernity.
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Arif Hidayat, Muhammad, and Sofia Rahmi. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Pendampingan Belajar Matematika Anak di Desa Batu Malenggang Kabuapten Langkat." Maslahah: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56114/maslahah.v2i2.152.
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This community empowerment activity is a breakthrough for math teachers and students who wish to share their math knowledge with small community organizations. This form of community empowerment is used to support and help the community implement mathematics teaching for children; help children with disabilities understand math; insights from DKM management and staff (Mushola Musyawarah Kemakmuran) on learning math fun for children; and develop familiarity and awareness. The DKM served as an impetus to integrate the da'wah program with the needs of the congregation in the education of children, especially in mathematics. The partner of this activity is the Musholla Prosperity Council, a non-profit organization committed to supporting the well-being and empowerment of mosques. In this case, parents who are members of the prayer hall church often find it difficult to guide their sons / daughters in their studies, especially in math due to their limited math skills. This activity aims to improve the understanding of managers and executives at DKM about fun math learning for kids by combining learning with math games and teaching aids. This activity in the process is very helpful in increasing interest in learning math for students and parents in Batu Malenggang Village, Langkat Regency. Keywords: Children, Parents, DKM, Mathematics, Learn
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Di Profio, Elisabetta, Vittoria Carlotta Magenes, Giulia Fiore, Marta Agostinelli, Alice La Mendola, Miriam Acunzo, Ruggiero Francavilla, et al. "Special Diets in Infants and Children and Impact on Gut Microbioma." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153198.
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Gut microbiota is a complex system that starts to take shape early in life. Several factors influence the rise of microbial gut colonization, such as term and mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, maternal diet, presence of siblings and family members, pets, genetics, local environment, and geographical location. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and later dietary patterns during infancy and toddlerhood are major players in the proper development of microbial communities. Nonetheless, if dysbiosis occurs, gut microbiota may remain impaired throughout life, leading to deleterious consequences, such as greater predisposition to non-communicable diseases, more susceptible immune system and altered gut–brain axis. Children with specific diseases (i.e., food allergies, inborn errors of metabolism, celiac disease) need a special formula and later a special diet, excluding certain foods or nutrients. We searched on PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase for relevant pediatric studies published over the last twenty years on gut microbiota dietary patterns and excluded case reports or series and letters. The aim of this review is to highlight the changes in the gut microbiota in infants and children fed with special formula or diets for therapeutic requirements and, its potential health implications, with respect to gut microbiota under standard diets.
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Dollar, Cindy Brooks, and Joshua A. Hendrix. "“I’m Not a Traditional Woman”: Tranquilizer Misuse as Self-Medication Among Adult Women." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 11 (July 10, 2018): 1562–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218787027.
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Research consistently finds that men use all types of drugs more frequently and extensively than women. However, the misuse of prescription tranquilizers provides an exception. Recent research has found that women are more likely to misuse tranquilizers than men, yet few efforts have been made to systematically understand why this is the case and whether there are gendered factors that might help explain their misuse. Building on general strain theory and other scholarship concerning the links between psychological strain, mental–emotional health, and illicit drug use, we employed a mixed-methods design to investigate the interrelationships between gender, mental health, and tranquilizer misuse. Using data from the 2010 National Survey of Drug Use and Health, we examined tranquilizer misuse among women using various social, demographic, and health-related characteristics. Following this, we drew on nine in-depth interviews with adult women aged 21 to 69 years who reported a history of misusing tranquilizers. The quantitative data reveal that the odds of tranquilizer misuse are nearly two times higher for each unit increase on the poor mental health scale. Whereas being married increases the risk of misuse, having young children is associated with a decreased risk. Our analysis of the interview data reveals three main themes, related to tranquilizer access, reasons for misuse, and shame related to misuse. The interviews clearly uncover tranquilizer misuse as an attempt by women to manage competing demands between their work and home lives, and more specifically as a means of promoting success in both devotions. We conclude by arguing that women’s misuse of tranquilizers is a gendered behavior in response to gender-specific strains, which in turn reproduces gendering as an institution as well as in individual lives. The implications of these findings for general strain theory are also discussed.
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Zaremba, V. R., and O. A. Danylov. "Surgical approach to treatment of asymmetric pectus excavatum in children." Paediatric Surgery. Ukraine, no. 1(74) (March 30, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/ps.2022.74.27.
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Objective. To improve the outcomes in patients with asymmetric pectus excavatum (APE) by developing and implementing our own differentiated modified Nuss procedure to correct different variants of this deformity; to analyse the treatment outcomes. Materials and methods. An original modified Nuss procedure to correct the following pectus excavatum (PE) types is described: asymmetric eccentric focal (ІІА1 according to Park) type; asymmetric eccentric broad-flat (Park ІІА2) type; asymmetric eccentric long canal (the Grand Canyon type or Park IIA3) type; asymmetric unbalanced (Park IIB) type; asymmetric combined (Park IIC) type. The essence of the proposed technique is that at the beginning of the operation, a gradual elevation of the anterior chest wall is carried out to a maximally approximated physiological position using two or more traction ligatures applied to the sternum and ribs. In the future, a horizontal position of the fixation bar is used for asymmetric eccentric focal, asymmetric eccentric broad-flat, and asymmetric eccentric long canal types; and an oblique position with a more dorsal location of the bar end on the less depressed side is used for asymmetric unbalanced and asymmetric combined types. In both bar position variants, the rigid subperiosteal fixation of the bar stabilizers to two ribs bilaterally is used. The results of treatment according to this modification were analysed in 24 patients with different variants of asymmetric PE. Results. The proposed differentiated approaches to performing the Nuss procedure made it possible to obtain excellent and good cosmetic and functional results. There were three postoperative complications: one case of delayed pneumothorax and two cases of asymmetric manubriocostal pectus carinatum: one case after treatment of an asymmetric unbalanced PE (Park IIB) type and one - after correction of an asymmetric combined (Park IIC) type. Both patients with pectus carinatum underwent non-surgical treatment using an individually tailored dynamic compression brace system with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. Conclusions. The several-point traction of the anterior chest wall allows to shape its physiological form in most cases; the rigid bar fixation according to the proposed schemes ensures the retention of the chest wall shape. In the vast majority of cases, the placement of one corrective bar is sufficient. For the asymmetric combined (Park IIC) type correction, the implantation of two corrective bars or the “sandwich technique” is indicated if the defect is significant. In case of postoperative pectus carinatum, successful non-surgical treatment using an individually tailored dynamic compression brace system is possible. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: Nuss procedure, asymmetric pectus excavatum, sternum elevation.
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Nicoll, Benjamin, and Bjorn Nansen. "Mimetic Production in YouTube Toy Unboxing Videos." Social Media + Society 4, no. 3 (July 2018): 205630511879076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118790761.
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This article contributes to research on children’s participation on social media by analyzing “toy unboxing” videos. Toy unboxing videos are a popular genre on the video-sharing platform YouTube, in which children and adults record themselves unpacking and reviewing various commercial toys. Emerging research in this area has focused on case studies of how these videos are consumed within the home as a means of augmenting offline toys and play practices, or, more commonly, on case studies of how these videos fit within YouTube’s broader economies of play and performance. Drawing on data produced through a content analysis of 100 recent toy unboxing videos, this article analyzes the place of children in the YouTube genre’s “affinity space.” The toy unboxing videos are coded across five key categories—genre, product, narration, production, and branding—to analyze variations of expertise, professionalism, and promotion across the genre. The findings indicate that children’s modes of production as amateur content producers both shape and are shaped by the shared and standardized conventions of this video genre. That is, while well-known “professional” channels such as EvanTube often seek to produce a semblance of playful amateur authenticity, the ostensibly “amateur” child unboxers mimic the production and branding strategies of the “professional” channels. We argue that this reciprocal relationship between professional and amateur content production can be best understood through the concept of “mimesis,” which characterizes the qualities of play and commercialization within the toy unboxing genre.
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Santhirasegaram, Lena, Lynda Thompson, Andrea Reid, and Michael Thompson. "Training for Success in a Child with ADHD." Biofeedback 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-41.2.07.
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This article presents a case study to illustrate how children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be assessed and successfully trained using neurofeedback. There is established efficacy for using neurofeedback to treat ADHD (Arns, De Ridder, Strehl, Breteler, & Coenen, 2009; Gani, Birbaumer, & Strehl, 2009; Gevensleben et al., 2009). Indeed, the American Academy of Pediatrics gave biofeedback Level 1 efficacy in its 2012 review (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012), the same level of efficacy as is given to medications. The other condition that has sufficient randomized controlled studies to establish efficacy for electroencephalogram biofeedback is epilepsy (Tan et al., 2009). This case is presented to share techniques that will help clinicians conduct neurofeedback appropriately so that good results are obtained. The future of our field depends on every practitioner doing a quality job with excellent outcomes.
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Frank, Toya Jones. "Teaching our kids." Journal for Multicultural Education 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-04-2017-0025.
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PurposeThis study aims to highlight the perspectives of one black male middle-school mathematics teacher, Chris Andrews, about developing black students’ positive mathematics identities during his first year of teaching middle-school mathematics in a predominately black school. The author’s and Chris Andrews’ shared experiences as black Americans opened the door to candid conversations regarding the racialized mathematical experiences of “our” children, as he referred to them during the interviews.Design/methodology/approachThe author used case study methodology (Yin, 2009) to illuminate Chris’s salient academic and personal experiences, approaches to teaching mathematics and ways that he attended to mathematics identity in practice. The author used sociopolitical and intersectional theoretical framings to interpret the data.FindingsChris’s perspective on teaching mathematics and developing mathematics identity aligned with taking a sociopolitical stance for teaching and learning mathematics. He understood how oppression influenced his black students’ opportunities to learn. Chris believed teaching mathematics to black children was his moral and communal responsibility. However, Chris’s case is one of tensions, as he often espoused deficit perspectives about his students’ lack of motivation and mathematical achievement. Chris’s case illustrates that even when black teachers and black students share cultural referents; black teachers are not immune to the pervasive deficit-oriented theories regarding black students’ mathematics achievement.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this work warrant the need to take intersectional approaches to understanding the ways of knowing that black male teachers bring to their practice, as Chris’s identity as a black person was an interplay between his black identity and other salient identities related to ability and social class.Practical implicationsChris, even while navigating deficit-oriented perceptions of his students, provides an example of bringing a sociopolitical consciousness to teaching mathematics and to support novice black male teachers in their content, pedagogical, and dispositional development.Originality/valueThis work adds to the limited body of literature that highlights the experiences of black teachers in a subject-specific context, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subject areas that have historically marginalized the participation of black people.
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Wahid, Abdurrahmanwahid, Benny Prasetiya, and Heri Rifhan Halili. "Peran Guru Madrasah Diniyah dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Santri Melalui Metode Ummi di Madrasah Diniyah Tarbiyatul Ihsandesa." Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan 6, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jpdk.v6i2.693.
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Diniyah learning is non-formal learning that studies the Qur'an in children from an early age, and improves the morals listed in the Qur'an. Looking at current events, I am very concerned about the ability to study Qur'an. In this case the Tarbiyatul Ihsan Diniyah Education, Lemah Kembar, Probolinggo, there is a learning model, namely Al-ummi to make it easier for students to read the Qur'an. in addition, assisted with other facilities to support the activities of upgrading the Qur'an. The purpose of this research is to identify how the efforts of the diniyah Tarbiyatul Ihsan teacher in improving the skills of reading the Qur'an through the use of the ummi procedure. This research uses a qualitative method, and the type of research is problem research. The procedure used in collecting information is by means of monitoring (observation), selection (documentation), and question and answer (interview). Based on the research results, the efforts of the Diniyah Tarbiyatul Ihsan teacher in improving the skills of reading the Qur'an of students with the ummi procedure are repeating the readings that have been studied previously, classical form of reading and listening through repeated procedures, the memorization process is combined with conjunctions. share, and share encouragement.
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Khodyreva, Daria, Natalia Goncharova, Alexandra Buzhilova, and Natalia Berezina. "The Effectiveness of Sex Determination of Immature Individuals by Morphological Methods (A Case Study of Medieval Mamisondon Series, North Ossetia)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.3.
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Introduction. One of the main issues in the analysis of human remains in paleoanthropology and forensic examination is the sex determination. A large number of reliable methods for sex determination in adult individuals exist. However, when examining the remains of children and adolescents, the problem of sex determination is much more complicate. Various methods of such determination have been developed. All of them have different degrees of accuracy, applicable to different osteological series. Methods and materials. The early Medieval Mamisondon series (North Ossetia) was chosen for the study, in which the sex of the buried, including children, determined the location of the corpse. Genetic analysis and peptide analysis of tooth enamel were carried out to confirm the connection of body location with sex. Three methods of morphological sex determination in children’s skeletons have been tested: the use of discriminant functions for the size of the teeth and the use of descriptive characteristics of the mandible and pelvis shape. Mesiodistal and bucco-lingual tooth sizes were measured in 60 adults and 43 children. Morphological features of the mandible were evaluated in 37 individuals and the ilium in 33. The evaluation of the descriptive characteristics of the postcranial skeleton was carried out by the blind method, and then the data obtained were compared with sex determination data confirmed by laboratory methods. Analysis. By the method of step-by-step discriminant analysis, the characters were selected that most successfully dividing individuals by sex in our series. Results. We have built several discriminant equations based on deciduous and permanent molars, which allow us to determine sex with an accuracy of 70–80%. In our work, we especially note the importance of the first permanent molar for sex determination in children, since it appears first among permanent teeth, which are more dimorphic than deciduous teeth. We consider this method to be promising, however, due to the unequal level of sexual dimorphism and the size of teeth in different populations, the discriminant functions created by us are not universal and are applicable only specifically to our series, or to another series with the same level of sexual dimorphism and dimensional characteristics of the teeth. The descriptive characteristics studied in the work showed a low percentage of correct decisions in determining sex. Authors’ contribution: D. Khodyreva – experimental research, data analysis, writing original draft; N. Goncharova – methodology of statistical analysis, formal analysis, review and editing; A. Buzhilova – methodology of the research algorithm, review and editing, critical revision in order to improve the content; N. Berezina – the concept of the research algorithm, methodology, writing, review and editing.
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Rohner, Shauna, Andreas Maercker, Alan Carr, and Myriam Thoma. "Aging in the Aftermath of Adversity: Later-Life Impact of Institutional Child Abuse and Disclosure." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.283.
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Abstract Until the 1990’s in Ireland, many children in institutional care experienced abuse and neglect, with lasting negative effects, including trauma symptoms and psychopathology. While trauma disclosure can be important for recovery, findings are inconsistent and often lack consideration of wider social and interpersonal contexts. As survivors of this historical adversity enter later-life stages, research is needed on the long-term impact and to clarify the role of disclosure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the later-life impact of institutional child abuse on health and well-being, and the role of trauma disclosure and socio-interpersonal contexts in an older adult sample. Qualitative semi-structured interviews (60-120 minutes) were conducted with 17 Irish older adults, aged 50-77 years (mean age=60.7 years), who experienced childhood institutional abuse. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using Framework Analysis. Themes for ‘childhood and related later-life adversity’ included detrimental perceptions and interactions, re-exposure and reminders, failure of system and society, and cycle of abuse. Disclosure themes included successful, unsuccessful, and non-disclosure, as well as evidence of socio-interpersonal interactions (e.g., non-disclosure influenced by shame or fear, compounded by socio-cultural values, (lack of) social acknowledgment, or the power of the church in society). Results suggest that childhood institutional abuse can have long-term negative impacts into later life, including social, psychological, physical health, and socio-economic aspects. Disclosure results emphasize the need to consider the complex social, cultural, and interpersonal contexts within which an individual is embedded. This may enhance understanding and facilitate targeted health and social care services for this older adult population.
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Duramaz, Burcu Bursal, Ozden Turel, Cigdem Korkmaz, Muhammed Talha Karadogan, Can Yilmaz Yozgat, Akin Iscan, Bilge Sümbül, and Ufuk Erenberk. "A Snapshot of Pediatric Patients with COVID-19 in a Pandemic Hospital." Klinische Pädiatrie 233, no. 01 (October 29, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1263-1222.
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Abstract Aim Reports describing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in children are fewer than adult studies due to milder clinical picture. We aimed to share our experience at a single center with an emphasis on collective decision making. Materials and Methods A suspected case was defined as the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and/or positive contact history. SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients were defined as confirmed COVID-19. Between March 12, 2020, and May 15, 2020, all children presenting with fever, cough, or respiratory difficulty were investigated for COVID-19. A total of 719 children were examined at outpatient clinics, and 495 were tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for suspicion of COVID-19. A team was organized for monitoring and treating patients either as outpatients or hospitalization. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, travel history, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment, and outcome. Results Sixty patients were hospitalized for suspicion of COVID-19. Forty-three patients were diagnosed as probable or confirmed COVID-19. 21 of 43 patients (48.8%) were PCR confirmed. The remaining 22 were diagnosed by epidemiologic history, clinical assessment, and computerized thorax tomography (CT) findings. The median age was 126 and 78.5 months in PCR positives and PCR negatives, respectively and the youngest patient was a 28 days old baby. Nineteen of the patients had an upper respiratory infection (44.1%). Although five patients had no clinical signs, chest X-ray, or CT revealed pneumonia. Conclusions As previously reported, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are mostly mild. Even very young kids can become infected following exposure to sick family members. International and local guidelines are valuable for decision making since it is a new disease. A combination of chest disease, infectious diseases, and emergency care physicians approach will aid the appropriate management of cases.
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Jones, Sandra J., and Elizabeth Beck. "Disenfranchised Grief and Nonfinite Loss as Experienced by the Families of Death Row Inmates." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 54, no. 4 (June 2007): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a327-66k6-p362-6988.
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The families of death row inmates experience grief and loss issues that have been neglected by scholars and clinicians alike. The issues found in this population are unique and require our understanding. The present study uses the concepts of disenfranchised grief and nonfinite loss to uncover the pain experienced by the children and other family members who have a loved one on death row. Kenneth Doka's (1989) concept of disenfranchised grief is utilized to bring attention to the ways in which the circumstances surrounding an execution leave the family members of those condemned to death outside of the “grieving rules” that exist in the United States. Family members are disenfranchised from their grief, as society does not socially validate their pain. The loss that they feel is also nonfinite (Bruce & Schultz, 2001) in that it is continuous and denies the families all of the hopes, dreams, and expectations that they had for their loved one who now sits on death row. The qualitative interview method was utilized by the authors of this study to gather data from 26 family members of death row inmates who are incarcerated along the East Coast of the United States. The reactions of this group of family members are varied and complex, yet they include the following common responses: social isolation due to stigma and their own feelings of criminalization, intensified family conflict between family members who grieve differently from one another, diminished self-esteem, shame, diffused and specific feelings of guilt, and a chronic state of despair. This study explores virtually untapped terrain. An examination of the microlevel effects of the death penalty on families provides insight in to the area of death and dying, especially as it is related to disenfranchised loss and nonfinite grief. In addition, this study provides insight into the death penalty and its effects.
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Ferguson, Tamara J., Heddy Stegge, Erin R. Miller, and Michael E. Olsen. "Guilt, shame, and symptoms in children." Developmental Psychology 35, no. 2 (1999): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.347.
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Dabby, Dia, and Amélie Barras. "Bent Out of Shape: Fictions of Yoga and Religion before the Courts." Religion & Human Rights 13, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 270–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-13021142.
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Abstract We engage with the practice of yoga in Californian public schools through a recent case to examine the discursive mechanisms at play when a practice is shaped as religious (or not). A correlation is made between the practice of yoga in schools and male circumcision, to think about its secular/religious vocation. This line of questioning is salient in exploring how law curates the body of the “secular” “modern” child. We argue that yoga, like circumcision, is an example of an ambidextrous practice that can be curated as either “religious” or “secular”. Section 1 provides a brief genesis of our legal cases and theoretical proposal for secularism as a curating practice. Section 2 offers discursive analyses of religious practice, as well as culture and health through yoga’s postures. Ultimately, we seek to critically examine the manner, mechanisms and methods through which different practices exercised by children or on their bodies are (re)shaped by/through the courts.
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Belényi, Emese, and Gábor Flóra. "Linguistic Socialization and Identity in Ethnic Hungarian Deaf Families in Romania." Central European Journal of Educational Research 2, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37441/cejer/2020/2/3/8529.
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Ethnic minority Deaf people form a social group whose members often share complex and multiple cultural backgrounds. This research explores linguistic socialization and identity development in ethnic Hungarian Deaf families living in a multi-cultural region of Romania, examining the identity related aspects of the family formation and the transmission of identity to children in ethnically homogenous (Hungarian) or heterogeneous (Hungarian-Romanian) families founded by Deaf spouses. Methodologically the research is based on survey among members of the ethnic Hungarian Deaf community in Bihor County and their ethnic Romanian spouses, career interviews with Hungarian Deaf Special School graduates and family case studies of two or three generation Deaf families. The research results reveal that the ethnic homogeneity of Deaf family partners is a key factor in handing down to children the Hungarian ethnic-national identity and the Hungarian sign language / oral language knowledge. The research findings also highlight the fact that within family interactions involving three generations where Deaf and hearing, ethnic minority and ethnic majority family members are present, specific, multifaceted communication models may prevail, and pathways and modes of identity transmission with particular characteristics may occur.
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M. Hines, Erik, L. DiAnne Borders, Laura M. Gonzalez, José Villalba, and Alia Henderson. "Parental involvement in college planning." Journal for Multicultural Education 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-06-2014-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article was to describe Hossler and Gallagher’s (1987) college choice model and emphasize the predisposition phase of the model as the starting point for school counselors’ efforts to help African American parents foster their children’s college planning in the college choice process. Design/methodology/approach – The authors wrote this manuscript as a conceptual approach to helping school counselors work with African American parents in their children’s college planning process by including two case studies as examples. Findings – This is a conceptual article. Practical implications – School counselors should be culturally competent and aware of how African Americans rear their children to help them successfully navigate college planning. For example, school counselors can learn about and share information with families about colleges that have support programs assisting African American students toward college completion. Originality/value – This paper is important to the field of education as it contributes to the literature regarding how school counselors can assist students in becoming college and career ready by working with their parents using a college choice model.
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Wright, Kate. "‘Helping our beneficiaries tell their own stories?’ International aid agencies and the politics of voice within news production." Global Media and Communication 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766518759795.
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International aid agencies often claim to give the poor and disenfranchised a voice by helping them tell their stories to others located far away. But how do aid workers conceptualize and operationalize a politics of voice within media production processes? How do ideas about giving voice to others shape aid agencies’ engagement with mainstream news organizations? This article explores two contrasting news production case studies which took place in South Sudan and Mali, involving Save the Children, Christian Aid and their local partners. It finds that different approaches to giving voice exist in aid work, creating tensions within and between agencies. In addition commercialized notions of value for money, the influence of mediated donor reporting, and aid workers’ weak understandings of linguistic and intercultural interpretation combined to make aid agencies’ values-in-action far less empowering than they assumed.
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Regev, O., G. Cohen, A. Hadar, G. Meiri, H. Flusser, A. Michaelovski, I. Dinstein, R. Hershkovitz, and I. Menashe. "Association between abnormal fetal head growth and autism spectrum disorder." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S130—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.364.
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IntroductionDespite evidence for the prenatal onset of abnormal head growth in ASD children, studies on fetal ultrasound data in ASD are limited and controversial.ObjectivesTo understand whether people with ASD have abnormal head growth during gestationMethodsA longitudinal matched case-sibling-control study on prenatal ultrasound biometric measures of ASD children was conducted. Children with ASD were matched to two control groups: (1) typically developed sibling (TDS) and (2) typically developed population (TDP). The cohort comprised 528 children (72.7% males): 174 ASD, 178 TDS, and 176 TDP.ResultsSecond-trimester ASD and TDS fetuses had significantly smaller biparietal diameter (BPD) than TDP fetuses (aORzBPD=0.685, 95%CI=0.527-0.890 and aORzBPD=0.587, 95%CI=0.459-0.751, respectively). However, these differences became statistically indistinguishable in the third trimester. Head biometric measures were associated with the sex of the fetus, with males having larger heads than females within and across groups. A linear mixed-effect model assessing the effects of sex and group assignment on fetal longitudinal head growth indicated faster BPD growth in TDS vs both ASD and TDP in males (β=0.084 and β=0.100 respectively; p<0.001) but not in females, suggesting an ASD–sex interaction in head growth during gestation. Fetal head shape showed sex-specific characteristics, and head growth was inversely correlated with ASD severity in males and females, thus further supporting the sex effect on the association between fetal head growth and ASD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that abnormal fetal head growth is a familial trait of ASD, which is modulated by sex and is associated with the severity of the disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Riabokon, Anna G., and Olga E. Doronina. "Clinical expert case with a combination of the Saul–Wilson and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mser81457.
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SaulWilson syndrome, like RubinsteinTaybi syndrome, is classified as a rare genetic disease according to modern classification. So, to date, there are descriptions of 16 patients from different countries in literary sources.
The SaulWilson syndrome is characterized by a combination of nanism, pathology of long tubular bones, the spine and the organ of vision, typical dysmorphic facial features and radiological data; RubinsteinTaybi syndrome has various skeletal defects (low height, dilation of the phalanges of the fingers, polydactyly on the legs, deformities of the face and skull, high arched palate, changes in the shape and position of the auricles, dilated phalanges of the fingers, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis), strabismus, anomalies refraction, disorders of internal organs, disorders of intellectual and physical development.
The article presents a complex clinical and expert case with a combination of two genetic diseases ― SaulWilson and RubinsteinTaybi syndromes, typical manifestations of which were visible craniofacial dysmorphia, changes in the musculoskeletal system in the form of progressive bilateral coxarthrosis, instability of the thoracic spine, deformities of the feet, accompanied by pronounced disorders of neuromuscular, skeletal and statodynamic functions. The multi-system lesion of the body caused difficulties for specialists during the medical and social examination. These nosological forms are absent in the current classifications and criteria for establishing disability, and therefore the quantitative assessment of persistent functional disorders was carried out individually ― according to the degree of severity of impaired functions, their combination and influence on each other.
The use of modern diagnostic methods, including genetic studies, in hereditary diseases allows to establish a diagnosis at an early stage, to determine the tactics of managing children in order to ensure timely pathogenetic treatment, including surgical, prevention of the development of severe complications, functional disorders. The successes of medicine can not only significantly improve the quality of life of this category of children, but also increase their life expectancy. Since in most cases hereditary diseases involving the musculoskeletal system are accompanied by persistent disorders of the bodys functions and lead to disability, classifications and criteria for establishing disability should include a quantitative assessment of the degree of impaired functions in congenital anomalies and hereditary diseases.
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Simson, Rebecca, and Elliott Green. "Ethnic favouritism in Kenyan education reconsidered: when a picture is worth more than a thousand regressions." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 3 (September 2020): 425–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x20000257.
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ABSTRACTDoes a leader's ethnicity affect the regional distribution of basic services such as education in Africa? Several influential studies have argued in the affirmative, by using educational attainment levels to show that children who share the ethnicity of the president during their school-aged years have higher attainment than their peers. In this paper we revisit this empirical evidence and show that it rests on problematic assumptions. Some models commonly used to test for favouritism do not take adequate account of educational convergence and once this is properly accounted for the results are found to be unstable. Using Kenya as a test case, we argue that there is no conclusive evidence of ethnic favouritism in primary or secondary education, but rather a process of educational convergence among the country's larger ethnic groups. This evidence matters, as it shapes how we understand the ethnic calculus of politicians.