Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shallow geothermal energy system

Academic literature on the topic 'Shallow geothermal energy system'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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García-Gil, Alejandro, Miguel Mejías Moreno, Eduardo Garrido Schneider, Miguel Ángel Marazuela, Corinna Abesser, Jesús Mateo Lázaro, and José Ángel Sánchez Navarro. "Nested Shallow Geothermal Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125152.

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The long-term sustainability of shallow geothermal systems in dense urbanized areas can be potentially compromised by the existence of thermal interfaces. Thermal interferences between systems have to be avoided to prevent the loss of system performance. Nevertheless, in this work we provide evidence of a positive feedback from thermal interferences in certain controlled situations. Two real groundwater heat pump systems were investigated using real exploitation data sets to estimate the thermal energy demand bias and, by extrapolation, to assess the nature of thermal interferences between the systems. To do that, thermal interferences were modelled by means of a calibrated and validated 3D city-scale numerical model reproducing groundwater flow and heat transport. Results obtained showed a 39% (522 MWh·yr−1) energy imbalance towards cooling for one of the systems, which generated a hot thermal plume towards the downgradient and second system investigated. The nested system in the hot thermal plume only used groundwater for heating, thus establishing a positive symbiotic relationship between them. Considering the energy balance of both systems together, a reduced 9% imbalance was found, hence ensuring the long-term sustainability and renewability of the shallow geothermal resource exploited. The nested geothermal systems described illustrate the possibilities of a new management strategy in shallow geothermal energy governance.
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Roka, Rajendra, António Figueiredo, Ana Vieira, and José Cardoso. "A systematic review on shallow geothermal energy system: a light into six major barriers." Soils and Rocks 46, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): e2023007622. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2023.007622.

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Shallow geothermal energy systems (SGES) are being widely recognized throughout the world in the era of renewable energy promotion. The world is aiming to promote and implement the concept of nearly zero energy consumption in the building sector. Shallow geothermal energy systems have huge potential to meet the heating and cooling demand of a building with low carbon emissions. However, the shallow geothermal system exploration rate and its global contribution to renewable energy used in the buildings sector is yet relatively low. Therefore, this study explores specific barriers which hinder the promotion of shallow geothermal energy systems through a systematic review of the literature. The study was carried out by investigating published papers indexed in Scopus and Web of science core collection databases. The selected papers are focused on shallow geothermal energy systems and barriers to their promotion. Only review and research articles types were included in the analysis and constrained to the topic of closed-loop shallow geothermal energy systems. This system’s promotion has been influenced by the lack of legislation, little knowledge about the conductivity of soil and by high initial investment cost at its topmost. The least influencing barrier is considered to be the heating and cooling efficiency of shallow geothermal energy systems.
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Li, Man, and Xiao Wang. "Study on Public Policy for the Application of Shallow Geothermal Energy into Building Energy Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1285.

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At present, in China, shallow geothermal energy has been widely used in energy efficiency of building, but the question of policy mechanisms reduce the rate of new energy promotion.This paper compares the differences between the domestic and foreign shallow geothermal energy policy through the comparison gets the revelation of shallow geothermal energy policy, and combines with the development situation and utilization goal, in the end gives the recommendations for policy system of shallow geothermal.
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Johnston, Ian. "Geothermal energy: shallow sources." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14025.

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Below a depth of around 5 to 8 metres below the surface, the ground displays a temperature which is effectively constant and a degree or two above the weighted mean annual air temperature at that particular location. In Melbourne, the ground temperature at this depth is around 18°C with temperatures at shallower depths varying according the season. Further north, these constant temperatures increase a little; while for more southern latitudes, the temperatures are a few degrees cooler. Shallow source geothermal energy (also referred to as direct geothermal energy, ground energy using ground source heat pumps and geoexchange) uses the ground and its temperatures to depths of a few tens of metres as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer for heating and cooling buildings. Fluid (usually water) is circulated through a ground heat exchanger (or GHE, which comprises pipes built into building foundations, or in specifically drilled boreholes or trenches), and back to the surface. In heating mode, heat contained in the circulating fluid is extracted by a ground source heat pump (GSHP) and used to heat the building. The cooled fluid is reinjected into the ground loops to heat up again to complete the cycle. In cooling mode, the system is reversed with heat taken out of the building transferred to the fluid which is injected underground to dump the extra heat to the ground. The cooled fluid then returns to the heat pump to receive more heat from the building.
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Fu, Ying, Chao Yu Zhang, and Bo Zhang. "Benefits Analysis and Utilization Strategy for Development of Shallow Geothermal Energy: A Case Study of Tianjin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1640.

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As a renewable energy, shallow geothermal energy has received extensive concerns in China, and is regarded as an important means to relieve the pressure in energy supply, meet the greenhouse gas control obligations and establish a low-carbon economy system. In recent years, a series of policies and regulations for promoting the utilization of shallow geothermal energy has been issued. This paper firstly makes an analysis of the patterns and the growing trend of shallow geothermal energy utilization, and then establishes the analysis paradigms of the economic, environmental and social benefits of its utilization, taking Tianjin as a case. Finally, a policy system to promote the utilization of shallow geothermal energy is proposed.
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Yin, Hongmei, Likai Hu, Yang Li, Yulie Gong, Yanping Du, Chaofan Song, and Jun Zhao. "Application of ORC in a Distributed Integrated Energy System Driven by Deep and Shallow Geothermal Energy." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175466.

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This study presents a distributed integrated energy system driven by deep and shallow geothermal energy based on forward and reverse cycle for flexible generation of cold, heat and electricity in different scenarios. By adjusting the strategy, the system can meet the demand of heat-electricity in winter, cool-electricity in summer and electricity in transition seasons. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the thermal efficiency of the integrated energy system in the heating and power generation mode is 16% higher than that in the cooling and power generation mode or the single power generation mode. Meanwhile, the annual heat-obtaining quantity of the system is reduced by 11% compared with that of the independent power generation system, which effectively alleviates the imbalance of the temperature field of the shallow geothermal reservoir. In terms of net power generation, the integrated energy system can generate approximately 31% more electricity than the conventional independent cooling and heating system under the same cooling and heating capacity. An integrated system not only realizes the comprehensive supply of cold and thermal ower by using clean geothermal efficiency, but also solves the temperature imbalance caused by the attenuation of a shallow geothermal temperature field. It provides a feasible way for carbon emission reduction to realize sustainable and efficient utilization of geothermal energy.
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Tan, Li Li, and Peng Huo. "Shallow Geothermal Energy in the Application of Building Energy Saving in Shijiazhuang." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.178.

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In recent years,with the low carbon environmental protection consciousness into the social and economic,shallow geothermal energy which is one of the clean energy of is applied widely.This paper states the conditions of resource utilization and collecting technology in Shijiazhuang.It also states the present development situation and the application examples of Shallow Geothermal Energy heat source heating (cold) system , which can provide beneficial reference data.
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Aquino, Andrea, Flavio Scrucca, and Emanuele Bonamente. "Sustainability of Shallow Geothermal Energy for Building Air-Conditioning." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 7058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217058.

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Geothermal heat pumps have a widespread diffusion as they are able to deliver relatively higher energy output than other systems for building air-conditioning. The exploitation of low-enthalpy geothermal energy, however, presents crucial sustainability issues. This review investigates the primary forms of the environmental impact of geothermal heat pumps and the strategies for their mitigation. As life-cycle analyses shows that the highest impacts arise from installation and operation stages, most optimization studies focus on system thermodynamics, aiming at maximizing the energy performance via the optimization in the design of the different components interacting with the ground and serviced building. There are environmental studies of great relevance that investigate how the climate and ground properties affect the system sustainability and map the most suitable location for geothermal exploitation. Based on this review, ground-source heat pumps are a promising technology for the decarbonization of the building sector. However, a sustainable design of such systems is more complex than conventional air-conditioning systems, and it needs a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach to include the broad environmental boundaries to fully understand the environmental consequences of their operation.
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Yue, Chao Jun, and Zhan Shi Liu. "Zonation for Development of Shallow Geothermal Energy in Urban Area of Kaifeng City and some Relevant Suggestions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.355.

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Through studying the current development condition of shallow geothermal energy in urban area of Kaifeng City and the corresponding data of geological exploration, by taking into account the various factors influencing the applicability of different heat exchange systems, and by means of GIS and AHP, a comprehensive evaluation and preliminary zonation for the development of shallow geothermal energy in urban Kaifeng are carried out . The research result indicates that the development of ground heat exchange system in the whole urban area of Kaifeng City is feasible and applicable. Furthermore, some suggestions about the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in the area are put forward.
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Schwarz, Hans, Nikola Jocic, and David Bertermann. "Development of a Calculation Concept for Mapping Specific Heat Extraction for Very Shallow Geothermal Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074199.

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Horizontal shallow geothermal applications are easy to install, and their installation process is less liable to legislation than other geothermal systems. Due to a lack of planning guidance, the opportunity to implement such systems is often overlooked, although geothermal installations are urgently needed as a sustainable energy source. To give a foundation for including very shallow geothermal systems in local heat supply planning, potential maps are crucial. To enable their utilization in energy use plans or similar elaborations for municipalities, location-specific and system-specific heat extractions are required. Since applicable standards are not available, it is nearly impossible to provide aggregate propositions, which are essential for potential maps. In this study, a concept was evolved for deriving very shallow geothermal potential maps with location-specific and system-specific heat extraction values. As a basis, VDI 4640 Part 2 information regarding heat extraction and respective climate zone references was utilized. Furthermore, climate information and a soil map were needed to apply the concept to the study area. The application of the concept in an Austrian study area resulted in appropriate potential maps. Moreover, this concept is similarly applicable in other areas of interest.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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Bowers, Jr George Allen. "Ground-Source Bridge Deck Deicing and Integrated Shallow Geothermal Energy Harvesting Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78777.

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Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems are becoming increasingly popular due to both their environmental and economic value. By using the ground as a source and sink for thermal energy, SGE systems are able to more efficiently heat and cool structures. However, their utility beyond structural heating and cooling is being realized as their applications now extend to slab and pavement heating, grain and agricultural drying, and swimming pool temperature control. Relatively recently, SGE systems have been combined with deep foundations to create a dual purpose element that can provide both structural support as well as thermal energy exchange with the subsurface. These thermo-active foundations provide the benefits of SGE systems without the additional installation costs. One of the novel applications of thermo-active foundations is in bridge deck deicing. Bridge decks experience two main winter weather related problems. The first of which is preferential icing, where the bridge freezes before the adjacent roadway because the bridge undergoes hastened energy loss due to its exposed nature. The second problem is the accelerated deterioration of concrete bridge decks resulting from the application of salts and other chemicals that are used to prevent accumulation and/or melt the frozen precipitation on roads and bridges. By utilizing the foundation of a bridge as a mechanism by which to access the shallow geothermal energy of the subsurface, energy can be supplied to the deck during the winter to melt and/or prevent frozen precipitation. An experimental ground-source bridge deck deicing system was constructed and the performance is discussed. Numerical models simulating the bridge deck and subsurface system components were also created and validated using the results from the numerical tests. Furthermore, the observed loads that result in a foundation from bridge deck deicing tests are shown. In order to better design for these loads, tools were developed that can predict the temperature change in the subsurface and foundation components during operation. Mechanisms by which to improve the efficiency of these systems without increasing the size of the borehole field were explored. Ultimately this research shows that SGE can effectively be used for bridge deck deicing.
Ph. D.
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Ninikas, Konstantinos. "Opportunities for renewable heat energy from shallow geothermal sources." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726798.

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Caulk, Robert Alexander. "Evaluation of Key Geomechanical Aspects of Shallow and Deep Geothermal Energy." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/396.

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Geothermal energy has become a focal point of the renewable energy revolution. Both shallow and deep types of geothermal energy have the potential to offset carbon emissions, reduce energy costs, and stimulate the economy. Before widespread geothermal exploration and exploitation can occur, both shallow and deep technologies require improvement by theoretical and experimental investigations. This thesis investigated one aspect of both shallow and deep geothermal energy technologies. First, a group of shallow geothermal energy piles was modeled numerically. The model was constructed, calibrated, and validated using available data collected from full-scale in-situ experimental energy piles. Following calibration, the model was parameterized to demonstrate the impact of construction specifications on energy pile performance and cross-sectional thermal stress distribution. The model confirmed the role of evenly spaced heat exchangers in optimal pile performance. Second, experimental methods were used to demonstrate the evolution of a fractured granite permeability as a function of mineral dissolution. Steady-state flow-through experiments were performed on artificially fractured granite cores constrained by 5 MPa pore pressure, 30 MPa confining pressure, and a 120°C temperature. Upstream pore pressures, effluent mineral concentrations, and X-Ray tomography confirmed the hypothesis that fracture asperities dissolve during the flow through experiment, resulting in fracture closure.
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Hähnlein, Stefanie [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Grathwohl. "Shallow geothermal energy - sustainability and legal situation / Stefanie Hähnlein ; Betreuer: Peter Grathwohl." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1162897236/34.

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Hähnlein, Stefanie Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grathwohl. "Shallow geothermal energy - sustainability and legal situation / Stefanie Hähnlein ; Betreuer: Peter Grathwohl." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1162897236/34.

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Erceg, Ivan P. "Mathematical Analysis of a Geothermal System." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1225138202.

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Hein, Philipp Sebastian. "On the efficient and sustainable utilisation of shallow geothermal energy by using borehole heat exchangers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232226.

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In the context of energy transition, geothermics play an important role for the heating and cooling supply of both residential and commercial buildings. Thereby, the increasingly and intensive utilisation of shallow geothermal resources bears the risk of over-exploitation and thus poses a future challenge to ensure the sustainability and safety of such systems. Particularly, the well-established technology of borehole heat exchanger-coupled ground source heat pumps is applied for the thermal exploitation of the shallow subsurface. Due to the complexity of the involved physical processes, numerical modelling proves to be a powerful tool to enhance process understanding as well as to aid the planning and design processes. Simulations can also support the management of thermal subsurface resources, planning and decision-making on city and regional scales. In this work, the so-called dual-continuum approach was adopted and enhanced to develop a coupled numerical model considering flow and heat transport processes in both the subsurface and borehole heat exchangers as well as the heat pumps’ performance characteristics, and including the relevant phenomena influencing the underlying processes. Beside the temperature fields, the efficiency and thus the consumption of electrical energy by the heat pump is computed, allowing for the quantification of operational costs and equivalent carbon-dioxide emissions. The model is validated and applied to a number of numerical studies. First, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on the efficiency and sustainability of such systems is performed. Second, a method for the quantification of technically extractable shallow geothermal energy is proposed. This procedure is demonstrated by means of a case study for the city of Cologne, Germany and its implications are discussed
Im Rahmen der Energiewende nimmt die Geothermie eine besondere Rolle in der thermische Gebäudeversorgung ein. Die zunehmende, intensive Nutzung oberflächennaher geothermischer Ressourcen erhöht die Gefahr der übermäßigen thermischen Ausbeutung des Untergrundes und stellt damit eine wachsende Herausforderung für die Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit solcher Systeme dar. Zur Erschließung oberflächennaher geothermischer Energie wird insbesondere die etablierte Technologie Erdwärmesonden-gekoppelter Wärmepumpen eingesetzt. Aufgrund der daran beteiligten komplexen physikalischen Prozesse erweisen sich numerische Modelle als leistungsfähiges Werkzeug zur Erweiterung des Prozessverständnisses und Unterstützung des Planungs- und Auslegungsprozesses. Zudem können Simulationen zum Management thermischer Ressourcen im Untergrund sowie zur Planung und politischen Entscheidungsfindung auf städtischen und regionalen Maßstäben beitragen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde, basierend auf dem sogenannten ”dual-continuum approach” und unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Wärmepumpe, ein erweitertes gekoppeltes numerisches Modell zur Abbildung der in Erdwärmesonden und dem Untergrund stattfindenden Strömungs- und Wärmetransportprozesse entwickelt. Das Modell ist in der Lage, alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen. Neben den Temperaturfeldern im Untergrund und der Erdwärmesonde werden die Effizienz und damit der Stromverbrauch der Wärmepumpe simuliert. Damit können sowohl die Betriebskosten als auch der äquivalente CO 2 -Ausstoß abgeschätzt werden. Das Modell wurde validiert und in einer Reihe numerischer Studien eingesetzt. Zuerst wurde eine umfassende Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit entsprechender Anlagen durchgeführt. Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren zur Quantifizierung des technisch nutzbaren, oberflächennahen geothermischen Potentials vorgestellt und anhand einer Fallstudie für die Stadt Köln demonstriert, gefolgt von einer Diskussion der Ergebnisse
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Pomerancevs, Juris. "Geothermal function integration in ice rinks with CO2 refrigeration system." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273166.

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Ice rinks are energy intense industrial applications. A typical single sheet ice rink in Sweden uses about 1000 MWh/season. A state-of-the art ice rink systems can use less than 500 MWh/season, indicating the potential for improvements. According to several investigations CO2 refrigeration system with heat recovery has proven to be energy-efficient and cost-effective solution in ice rinks.To further improve the efficiency, geothermal function may be added feature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the geothermal function from techno-economic perspective for a typical ice rink in Sweden. Modelling of several scenarios has been performed. Obtained results suggest that CO2 refrigeration system with 2-stage heat recovery, if upgraded with geothermal function, can save between 1.7 to 6.8% of energy annually. In the best case, this study suggests the geothermal function would pay back in 16.4 years.
Ishallar är energikrävande industriella applikationer. En typisk ishall i Sverige använder cirka 1000 MWh / säsong. Ett toppmodernt ishallsystem kan använda mindre än 500 MWh / säsong, vilket indikerar stora förbättringsmöjligheter. Enligt flera undersökningar har CO2-kylsystem med värmeåtervinning visat sig vara energieffektivt och kostnadseffektivt i ishallar.För att ytterligare förbättra effektiviteten kan geotermisk funktion läggas till. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera den geotermiska funktionen ur ett tekno-ekonomiskt perspektiv för en typisk ishall i Sverige. En modellering av flera scenarier har utförts. Resultaten antyder att CO2-kylsystem med 2-steg värmeåtervinning, om det uppgraderas med geotermisk funktion, kan spara mellan 1,7 och 6,8% energi årligen. I bästa fall antyder denna studie att den geotermiska funktionen skulle betala tillbaka om 16,4 år.
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Atkinson, Trevor Alex. "Geochemical Characterization of the Mountain Home Geothermal System." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4599.

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The Mountain Home (MH) geothermal system of the western Snake River Plain (SRP) magmatic province was discovered in 2012 by the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project. Artesian flowing water with a temperature of 150°C was encountered at a depth of 1745 m below ground surface (mbgs) and extensive mineralized fracture networks of pectolite-prehnite, calcite, and laumontite were discovered in the recovered core. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe the thermal and compositional history of past geothermal fluids, and 2) compare these fluids to modern fluids in order to characterize the evolution of the MH geothermal system and the geothermal potential of the western SRP. Core observations, thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and Electron Microprobe analyses were performed in order to describe mineral parageneses of various alteration zones. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios along with temperatures of homogenization from fluid inclusions in hydrothermally precipitated calcite were measured along ~100 m of basalt core from 1709-1809 mbgs. The d13CPDB values in calcite range from -7.2 to -0.43 ‰ and d18OPDB values range between -20.5 and -15.9 ‰. An anomalous zone from 1722-1725 m depth displays a range in d13CPDB and d18OPDB of -1.9 to +0.88 ‰ and -17.1 to -8.1 ‰, respectively, suggesting non-equilibrium fractionation due to boiling. Carbon isotopic ratios suggest a mixture of deep-seated mantle derived and meteoric fluids. Fluid inclusion microthermometry has identified primary inclusions with trapping temperatures ranging from 168-368°C. A calcite-water geothermometer used to calculate paleo-fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-0.43 to +7.2 ‰ SMOW) and a comparison with present-day fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-3.2 ‰ SMOW) reveals a cooling trend with potential mixing of meteoric waters and deeply derived fluid. The MH geothermal system has cooled over time and reflects potentially less, if any magmatic fluid input presently into the system as there was in the past.
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Strandberg, Christoffer. "Geoenergilösning för DN-huset." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227599.

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In this thesis proposals for different designs of a borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) have been developed for the building DN-huset in Stockholm, Sweden. To build a BTES results in savings in energy costs by approximately 44 %, i.e. 2 million Swedish crowns annually. Furthermore, a BTES would reduce the annual environmental impact with roughly 75-157 tonnes of CO2 equivalents per year, depending on how the electricity consumption’s environmental impact is estimated. The payback period is about 11 years, including the warm-up period that is necessary before commissioning the BTES. The savings in environmental impact and operating costs are a result of energy being reused. During the summer heat is stored in the bedrock beneath the building for retrieval about half a year later in the winter, when there is a heating demand. In addition to developing proposals for different BTES designs the thesis also examines the influence of certain design parameters, conservative choices and operating conditions.
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Books on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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García Gil, Alejandro, Eduardo Antonio Garrido Schneider, Miguel Mejías Moreno, and Juan Carlos Santamarta Cerezal. Shallow Geothermal Energy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92258-0.

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Gil, Alejandro García, Eduardo Antonio Garrido Schneider, Miguel Mejías Moreno, and Juan Carlos Santamarta Cerezal. Shallow Geothermal Energy: Theory and Application. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Bonte, Matthijs. Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality. IWA Publishing, 2015.

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Bonte, Matthijs. Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality. Iwa Pub, 2015.

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Goldemberg, José. Energy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199812905.001.0001.

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Without a doubt, the topic of energy--from coal, oil, and nuclear to geothermal, solar and wind--is one of the most pressing across the globe. It is of paramount importance to policy makers, economists, environmentalists, and industry as they consider which technologies to invest in, how to promote use of renewable energy sources, and how to plan for dwindling reserves of non-renewable energy. In Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know, José Goldemberg, a nuclear physicist who has been hailed by Time magazine as one of the world's top "leaders and visionaries on the environment," takes readers through the basics of the world energy system, its problems, and the technical as well as non-technical solutions to the most pressing energy problems. Addressing the issues in a Q-and-A format, Goldemberg answers such questions as: What are wind, wave, and geothermal energy? What are the problems of nuclear waste disposal? What is acid rain? What is the greenhouse gas effect? What is Carbon Capture and Storage? What are smart grids? What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is "cap and trade"? The book sheds light on the role of population growth in energy consumption, renewable energy resources, the amount of available energy reserves (and when they will run out), geopolitical issues, environmental problems, the frequency of environmental disasters, energy efficiency, new technologies, and solutions to changing consumption patterns. It will be the first place to look for information on the vital topic of energy.
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Department of Defense. Oil for the Lamps of China - Beijing's 21st-Century Search for Energy: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Power Distribution System, Environment, Defense, Nuclear, Renewable, Solar, Wind, Geothermal. Independently Published, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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Casasso, Alessandro, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Water-Energy Nexus in Shallow Geothermal Systems." In Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, 425–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_106.

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Al-Khoury, Rafid. "Shallow Geothermal Systems: Computational Challenges and Possibilities." In Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia, 368–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch34.

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Pełka, Grzegorz, Wojciech Luboń, and Anna Sowiżdżał. "Analysis of Shallow Geothermal System Utilization in the AGH-UST Educational and Research Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Saving in Miękinia." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 561–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_55.

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Narsilio, Guillermo Andres, and Lu Aye. "Shallow Geothermal Energy: An Emerging Technology." In Low Carbon Energy Supply, 387–411. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7326-7_18.

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Baria, Roy, L. Mortimer, and G. Beardsmore. "Engineered Geothermal Systems engineered geothermal system (EGS) , Development engineered geothermal system (EGS) definition and Sustainability Engineered Geothermal Systems Sustainability of." In Renewable Energy Systems, 714–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_235.

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García Gil, Alejandro, Eduardo Antonio Garrido Schneider, Miguel Mejías Moreno, and Juan Carlos Santamarta Cerezal. "Management and Governance of Shallow Geothermal Energy Resources." In Springer Hydrogeology, 237–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92258-0_9.

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Yüksel, Serhat, Hasan Dinçer, Alexey Mikhaylov, Zafer Adalı, and Serkan Eti. "Key Issues for the Improvements of Shallow Geothermal Investments." In Sustainability in Energy Business and Finance, 183–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94051-5_16.

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Feng, Guohui, Mengyuan Liu, Xulin Li, Chuan Tian, and Huanyu Li. "Study on Appropriate Partition of Shallow Geothermal Energy and Active Energy Coupling Utilization." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 679–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9528-4_69.

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Shibata, Hiroaki, Hiroshi Oyama, and Shigeto Yamada. "Geothermal Binary Power Generation System Using Unutilized Energy." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1275–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_239.

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Helvacı, Hüseyin Utku, and Gülden Gökçen Akkurt. "Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of a Geothermal Drying System." In Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment, 331–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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Beck, Markus, Jozsef Hecht-Mendez, Michael de Paly, Peter Bayer, Philipp Blum, and Andreas Zell. "Optimization of the energy extraction of a shallow geothermal system." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5585921.

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Verdecchia, Andrea, Davide Brunelli, Francesco Tinti, Alberto Barbaresi, Patrizia Tassinari, and Luca Benini. "Low-cost micro-thermal response test system for characterizing very shallow geothermal energy." In 2016 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eesms.2016.7504817.

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Tseng, Ching-Yi, Li-Hao Yang, Jyun-De Liang, and Sih-LI Chen. "Performance Investigation of Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification System Integrated with Solar Thermal Energy and Shallow Geothermal Energy." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.04.17.

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Eidesgaard, O. "Shallow Geothermal Energy System in Fractured Basalt; A Case Study From Kollafjør∂ur, Faroe Islands, NE-Atlantic Ocean." In EAGE/BVG/FKPE Joint Workshop on Borehole Geophysics and Geothermal Energy. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903163.

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Liang, Jyun-De, Li-Hao Yang, Ching-Yi Tseng, and Sih-Li Chen. "Theoretical Analysis of Photovoltaic Panels Using a Spray Cooling System with a Shallow Geothermal Energy Heat Exchanger." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.11.15.

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Ramos-Escudero, Adela, Isabel C. Gil-Garcia, M. Socorro Garcia-Cascales, and Angel Molina-Garcia. "Shallow Geothermal Potential Impact on the Energy Transition. A Case Study Region of Murcia, Spain." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope49358.2020.9160683.

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Fry, Nicholas. "Cost and Technical Profiling of Geothermal District Heating Using GEOPHIRES and Comsof Heat Simulation Software." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-65121.

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Abstract The heating of commercial and residential buildings in the United States is mostly dependent on fossil fuel sources such as natural gas. GeoVision, a U.S. Department of Energy study from 2019, found a tremendous market potential for geothermal district heating systems (GDHS). To date, most of the GDHS development, conventional or with heat pumps, has taken place in China and Europe. GDHS component manufacturing capacity in North America is not mature and significant increases in construction would likely require importation of European goods. This project attempts to expand market intelligence by simulating the cost for installation of modern European pipe, control, substations, and heat interface units serving a conventional GDHS in Helena, Montana. A shallow, low-temperature (< 75°C) surface manifestation, 2 kilometers from the service area, is the heat source. Three production simulations with varying wellhead flow rates were made, then projected across a heat network using two simulation tools: GEOthermal energy for Production of Heat and electricity (GEOPHIRES) and Comsof Heat. Correlations between flow rates, heat losses, utilization factors, and costs indicate important variables for developer consideration. A cost profile was made using the average of these simulations. Exploiting a shallow, low-temperature heat source for a GDHS often requires greater investment in the heat network than the wellfield. This project suggests North American geothermal developers must prepare for interdisciplinary GDHS projects that fall outside of their current business models. European DH operators and manufacturers can provide surface system expertise and materials while North America assesses subsurface exploitation targets. Bringing European DH professionals together with North American geothermal experts may help realize the potential of the GeoVision study, unlocking new business opportunities.
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Dell, Robert, Runar Unnthorsson, C. S. Wei, and William Foley. "Waste Geothermal Hot Water for Enhanced Outdoor Agricultural Production." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98172.

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In Iceland there is a super abundance of waste hot water from geothermal power plants. Some of this is re-purposed (sequentially used) for district heating and heated swimming pools. This vast underused energy source can also enable the growth of out of zone plants, enhance agricultural production by 20% and extend the growing season. The authors have developed and field tested an energy intensive shallow system of bottom heat using the existing heated sidewalk materials. Tomatoes that do not survive outdoors in Iceland have produced ripe fruit. A zucchinis harvest was documented and the test banana plant was still alive in September after the first frost. These plants all died in the control garden which had the same piping system, and identical soil types and depths. Heat transfer data, infrared analysis and plant growth data were gathered to preliminarily document and quantify the system’s viability and market potentials.
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Wang, Xiao, Lin Fu, Xiling Zhao, and Hua Liu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Central Heating System Combing the Urban Heat Network With Geothermal Energy." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18285.

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In recent years, with the continuous urban expansion, the central heating sources are commonly insufficient in the areas of Northern China. Besides, the increasing heat transfer temperature difference results in more and more exergy loss between the primary heat network and the secondary heat network. This paper introduces a new central heating system which combines the urban heat network with geothermal energy (CHSCHNGE). In this system, the absorption heat exchange unit, which is composed of an absorption heat pump and a water to water heat exchanger, is as alternative to the conventional water to water heat exchanger at the heat exchange station, and the doing work ability of the primary heat network is utilized to drive the absorption heat pump to extract the shallow geothermal energy. In this way, the heat supply ability of the system will be increased with fewer additional energy consumptions. Since the water after driving the absorption heat pump has high temperature, it can continue to heat the supply water coming from the absorption heat pump. As a result, the water of the primary heat network will be stepped cooled and the exergy loss will be reduced. In this study, the performance of the system is simulated based on the mathematical models of the heat source, the absorption heat exchange unit, the ground heat exchanger and the room. The thermodynamic analyses are performed for three systems and the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency are compared. The results show that (a) the COP of the absorption heat exchange unit is 1.25 and the heating capacity of the system increases by 25%, which can effectively reduce the requirements of central heating sources; (b) the PER of the system increases 14.4% more than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 54.1% more than that of the ground source heat pump system; (c) the exergy efficiency of the CHSCHNGE is 17.6% higher than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 45.6% higher than that of the ground source heat pump system.
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Yang, Li-Hao, Jyun-De Liang, Ching-Yi Tseng, and Sih-Li Chen. "Improvements on the Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Panel by Integrating a Spray Cooling System with Shallow Geothermal Energy Heat Exchanger." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.02.21.

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Reports on the topic "Shallow geothermal energy system"

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Blackketter, Donald. A Demonstration System for Capturing Geothermal Energy from Mine Waters beneath Butte, Montana. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1206629.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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Alshareef, Ahmed. Technology Assessment Model of Developing Geothermal Energy Resources for Supporting Electrical System: The Case for Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5399.

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Liu, X., Z. Chen, and S. E. Grasby. Using shallow temperature measurements to evaluate thermal flux anomalies in the southern Mount Meager volcanic area, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330009.

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Geothermal is a clean and renewable energy resource. However, locating where elevated thermal gradient anomalies exist is a significant challenge when trying to assess potential resource volumes during early exploration of a prospective geothermal area. In this study, we deployed 22 temperature probes in the shallow subsurface along the south flank of the Mount Meager volcanic complex, to measure the transient temperature variation from September 2020 to August 2021. In our data analysis, a novel approach was developed to estimate the near-surface thermal distribution, and a workflow and code with python language have been completed for the thermal data pre-processing and analysis. The long-term temperature variation at different depths can be estimated by modelling, so that the relative difference of deducing deeper geothermal gradient anomalies can be assessed. Our proposed inversion and simulation methods were applied to calculating the temperature variation at 2.0 meters depth. The results identified a preferred high thermal flux anomalous zone in the south Mount Meager area. By combining with previous studies, the direct analysis and estimation of anomalous thermal fields based on the collected temperature data can provide a significant reference for interpretation of the regional thermal gradient variation.
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Mohammadi, N., D. Corrigan, A. A. Sappin, and N. Rayner. Evidence for a Neoarchean to earliest-Paleoproterozoic mantle metasomatic event prior to formation of the Mesoproterozoic-age Strange Lake REE deposit, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330866.

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A complete suite of bulk major- and trace-elements measurements combined with macroscopic/microscopic observations and mineralogy guided by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) analyses were applied on Nekuashu (2.55 Ga) and Pelland (2.32 Ga) intrusions in northern Canada, near the Strange Lake rare earth elements (REE) deposit, to evaluate their magmatic evolution and possible relations to the Mesoproterozoic Strange Lake Peralkaline Complex (SLPC). These Neoarchean to earliest-Paleoproterozoic intrusions, part of the Core Zone in southeastern Churchill Province, comprise mainly hypersolvus suites, including hornblendite, gabbro, monzogabbro/monzodiorite, monzonite, syenite/augite-syenite, granodiorite, and mafic diabase/dyke. However, the linkage of the suites and their petrogenesis are poorly understood. Geochemical evidence suggests a combination of 'intra-crustal multi-stage differentiation', mainly controlled by fractional crystallization (to generate mafic to felsic suites), and 'accumulation' (to form hornblendite suite) was involved in the evolution history of this system. Our model proposes that hornblendite and mafic to felsic intrusive rocks of both intrusions share a similar basaltic parent magma, generated from melting of a hydrous metasomatized mantle source that triggered an initial REE and incompatible element enrichment that prepared the ground for the subsequent enrichment in the SLPC. Geochemical signature of the hornblendite suite is consistent with a cumulate origin and its formation during the early stages of the magma evolution, however, the remaining suites were mainly controlled by 'continued fractional crystallization' processes, producing more evolved suites: gabbronorite/hornblende-gabbro ? monzogabbro/monzodiorite ? monzonite ? syenite/augite-syenite. In this proposed model, the hydrous mantle-derived basaltic magma was partly solidified to form the mafic suites (gabbronorite/hornblende-gabbro) by early-stage plagioclase-pyroxene-amphibole fractionation in the deep crust while settling of the early crystallized hornblende (+pyroxene) led to the formation of the hornblendite cumulates. The subsequent fractionation of plagioclase, pyroxene, and amphibole from the residual melt produced the more intermediate suites of monzogabbro/monzodiorite. The evolved magma ascended upward into the shallow crust to form monzonite by K-feldspar fractionation. The residual melt then intruded at shallower depth to form syenite/augite-syenite with abundant microcline crystals. The granodiorite suite was probably generated from lower crustal melts associated with the mafic end members. Later mafic diabase/dykes were likely generated by further partial melting of the same source at depth that were injected into the other suites.
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