Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shale Mechanical properties Testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Shale Mechanical properties Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

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Kalu, Ifeanyi Emmanuel, Ericmoore Jossou, Emmanuel Kwesi Arthur, Simon Ja'afaru, and Edith Yohanna Ishidi. "Characterization and Mechanical Property Measurements by Instrumented Indentation Testing of Niger Delta Oil Shale Cuttings." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 59 (March 15, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2m9z7g.

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Oil shales have unstable mechanical and chemical properties, which makes their extraction for characterization and conventional mechanical testing uneasy and complex. Most often, mechanical property measurements are usually taken from core samples that are costly to extract and test using conventional testing methods. This paper presents a focused study carried out on oil shale cuttings obtained from the sidewalls of two different wellbore depths in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization techniques, the morphology of these shales was studied. The results obtained clearly showed the composition, bonding and variations in the morphology of the studied shale samples. Furthermore, the heterogeneity associated with these shales across varied depths were revealed. An efficient and less expensive technique compared to conventional testing methods, instrumented indentation testing (IIT) was carried out to obtain essential mechanical parameters of the shale specimen. These properties are important parameters in determining the hydrocarbon storage space of shale formations, wellbore stability, and optimization of hydraulic fracturing which is necessary for efficient drilling operations.
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Rouainia, Mohamed, Majid Goodarzi, Tom Charlton, Andrew Aplin, and Pablo Cubillas. "Assessment of the elastic response of shale using multiscale mechanical testing and homogenisation." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020504013.

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Robust geomechanical characterisation of shale reservoirs is necessary for safe and economic resource exploitation but there is still a lack of mechanical data on well-characterised shale, partly due to the difficulties of obtaining high quality core samples for laboratory testing. The composition of shale also presents challenges when attempting to constrain the mechanical response. Multi-scale homogenisation techniques have recently been used to predict the macroscopic behaviour of shales based on quantitative mineralogical descriptions. However, there is a considerable amount of uncertainty associated with some key inputs into these homogenisation schemes. In particular, the organic matter of shale encompasses a range of scales, from nanometre to micrometre-size material, and its mechanical properties are not well understood. Here, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PF-QNM), a recently developed form of atomic force microscopy (AFM), is combined with nanoindentation testing to characterise the mechanical response of the organic matter and clay phases of Posidonia shale from north-west Germany. The nanoscale testing revealed a clear peak in the histograms of the reduced elastic modulus, which can be attributed to kerogen in the shale matrix. Upscaling of the mechanical properties through homogenisation showed a reasonable prediction when compared with experimental data, including capturing the inherent anisotropy of the shale response. The influence of factors such as the volume fraction of silt inclusions and the applicability of different homogenisation formulations warrant further investigation.
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Wu, Zhonghu, Yujun Zuo, Shanyong Wang, Jibin Sunwen, and Leilei Liu. "Experimental Study on the Stress Sensitivity and Influence Factors of Shale under Varying Stress." Shock and Vibration 2018 (July 11, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3616942.

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Shale reservoirs are characterized by extremely low permeability and high clay content. To further study the stress sensitivity of a shale reservoir, the Lower Cambrian shale in north Guizhou was utilized. Through laboratory testing, the relationships between the shale porosity and permeability and the effective stress were established, and the stress sensitivity of shale was analysed. The mechanical properties and mineral composition of this shale were studied by rock mechanics testing and X-ray diffraction. The main factors affecting the stress sensitivity were analysed. The results show that the porosity and permeability of this shale decrease with increasing effective stress; the shale reservoir permeability damage rate is 61.44 ~ 73.93%, with an average of 69.92%; the permeability stress sensitivity coefficient is 0.04867 ~ 0.05485 MPa−1, with an average of 0.05312 MPa−1; and the shale reservoir stress sensitivity is strong. Shale stress sensitivity is related to the rock mineral composition and rock mechanical properties. The higher the clay content in the mineral composition, the lower the elastic modulus of shale, the higher the compressibility, and the greater the stress sensitivity coefficient.
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Yang, Guoliang, Jingjiu Bi, Xuguang Li, Jie Liu, and Yanjie Feng. "SHPB Testing and Analysis of Bedded Shale under Active Confining Pressure." Journal of Engineering 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5034902.

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Shale gas is the most important new energy source in the field of energy, and its exploitation is very important. The research on the dynamic mechanical properties of shale is the premise of exploitation. To study the dynamic mechanical properties of shale from the Changning-Weiyuan area of Sichuan Province, China, under confining pressure, we used a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system with an active containment device to carry out dynamic compression tests on shale with different bedding angles. (1) With active confining pressure, the shale experiences a high strain rate, and its stress-strain curve exhibits obvious plastic deformation. (2) For the same impact pressure, the peak stress of shale describes a U-shaped curve with an increasing bedding angle; besides, the peak stress of shale with different bedding angles increases linearly with rising confining pressure. The strain rate shows a significant confining pressure enhancement effect. With active confining pressure, the peak strain gradually decreases as the bedding angle increases. (3) As a result of the influence of different bedding angles, the dynamic elastic modulus of shale has obvious anisotropic characteristics. Shale with different bedding angles exhibits different rates of increase in the dynamic elastic modulus with rising confining pressure, which may be related to differences in the development of planes of weakness in the shale. The results of this study improve our understanding of the behavior of bedded shale under stress.
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Alqam, Mohammad H., Hazim H. Abass, and Abdullah M. Shebatalhmad. "New insight on studying the effect of both chemical sensitivity and rock mechanical properties in shale formation to minimize wellbore instability problems." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020503012.

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Historically, many of the wells drilled in in shale formations have experienced a significant rig downtime due to wellbore instabilities. Most of the instability problems originated from the encountered shale formations. The objectives of this study include (1) to measure the properties governing shale strength and drilling fluid/shale interaction, and (2) to establish a reliable and efficient rock mechanical testing procedures related to wellbore stability. Preserved shale core has been recovered from shale formation and special core handling procedure was implemented. Mineral oil was used for plugging and core preservation. Rock mechanical characterization was conducted on core samples using both XRD/SEM techniques to study the core mineralogy. In addition, shale permeability was determined by two methods: flow testing and pressure transition methods. The results indicated that shale has high percentage of quartz (30-40%) which causes the shale to have high porosity and high permeability. The unconfined compressive strength of shale is very low which any drilling fluid that contains water phase further reduces. The Young’s modulus is very low which makes near wellbore deformation high. Based on the shale swelling testing, the all-oil fluid show no volume change occurred to the shale. When the same shale was exposed to the 7% KCl, about 16% increase in core volume occurred in 48 hours. This means that all samples allowed the water to flow into the shale formation.
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Minaeian, Vida, Vamegh Rasouli, and David Dewhurst. "A laboratory procedure proposed for mechanical testing of shales." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13034.

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The authors have developed a laboratory procedure that uses a true triaxial stress cell (TTSC) to test cubes of rock instead of cylindrical-shaped samples. In this approach, three independent stresses are applied on the rock sample, which makes it possible to simulate field-conditions. Estimation of rock failure strength and deformation properties, while applying three stresses—rather than two as in case of conventional triaxial tests—is closer to the in-situ conditions. This is specifically important for shales due to their complicated transverse isotropic structure. The present study investigates the effect of minimum and intermediate principal stresses on the strength and elastic properties of gas shales. True triaxial experiments have been carried out on cubic shale samples from the Perth Basin under constant levels of minimum stress (~3 and 6 MPa) and varying magnitudes of intermediate principal stress (~3–40 MPa). Both minimum and intermediate stresses affect the rock strength through a non-linear trend. The behaviour of shales elastic modulus (E) with respect to varying σ2 tends to be similar to that of rock compressive strength. Poisson’s ratio in two directions along minimum and intermediate principal stresses (V13 and V12) does not show a simple dependency on the intermediate stress over the applied stress range. Finally, the observation of post-failure specimens revealed a significant influence of stress anisotropy on the failure mode, which evolves from dual to multiple shear faults.
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Guo, Yintong, Chunhe Yang, Lei Wang, and Feng Xu. "Effects of Cyclic Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Mature Bedding Shale." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8985973.

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We investigated the mechanical properties of mature bedding shale under cyclic loading conditions, with an application to the design of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas wells. Laboratory experiments were conducted on shale samples under two principal loading orientations. Testing results showed that accumulated fatigue damage occurs in a three-stage process. Analysis of fatigue damage at different maximum stress levels shows that fatigue life increases as a power-law function with maximum stress decreasing. And the maximum stress significantly affects the fatigue life. Further, the elastic part of shale rock deformation was recovered in the unloading process, whereas the irreversible deformation remained. The irreversible deformation, growth trend, and accumulation of the total fatigue were directly related to the fatigue damage. This process can be divided into 3 stages: an initial damage stage, a constant velocity damage stage, and an accelerated damage stage, which accounted for about one-third of the fatigue damage. Shale rock is a nonhomogeneous material, and the bedding is well developed. Its fatigue life differs greatly in two principal loading orientations, even under the same loading conditions. All of these drawn conclusions are of great importance for design of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas wells.
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Meng, Lu Bo, Tian Bin Li, Liang Wen Jiang, and Hong Min Ma. "Experimental Study on the Influence of Temperature on Shale Mechanical Properties under Conventional Triaxial Compression." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1452.

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High temperature conventional triaxial compression test of shale are carried out by the MTS815 servo-controlled testing machine, based on the experimental results, the relationships between temperature and shale peak strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle are investigated. Although the experimental results are discrete comparatively, the general law is obvious. When the confining pressure imposed on shale is constant and the temperature changes form 25°C to 120°C, with the increasing of the temperature, the triaxial compression strength, shear strength gradually increase, while average elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio has a slightly decrease. The thermal stress generated by the high temperature plays a role to accommodate the deformation and the function of preventing crack propagation, thus the bearing capacity of shale samples are strengthened. But the influence of temperature on shale mechanical properties mutates when the temperature is at 80°C. Shale peak strength dramatically decreased, average elastic modulus decreased slightly, and Poisson's ratio also increased slightly, which indicated that at 80°C, different thermal expansivity of mineral particles of shale may cause cross-grain boundary thermal expansion incongruous, creating additional thermal stress, thus the sample’s bearing capacity decreased.
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Liu, Qing-You, Lei Tao, Hai-Yan Zhu, Zheng-Dong Lei, Shu Jiang, and John David McLennan. "Macroscale Mechanical and Microscale Structural Changes in Chinese Wufeng Shale With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fracturing." SPE Journal 23, no. 03 (December 14, 2017): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/181369-pa.

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Summary Waterless fracturing for shale-gas exploitation using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is both effective and environmentally friendly, and has become an extensive research topic. Previous researchers have focused on the chemical and physical properties and microstructure of sandstone, carbonate, and shale caprock, rather than on the properties of shale-gas formations. The macroscale mechanical properties and microscale fracture characteristics of Wufeng Shale exposed to scCO2 (at greater than 31.8°C and 7.29 MPa) are still not well-understood. To study the macroscale and microscale changes of shale subjected to scCO2, we obtained Chinese Wufeng Shale crops (Upper Ordovician Formation) from Yibin, Sichuan Basin, China. The shale samples were divided into two groups. The first group was exposed to scCO2, and the second group was exposed to nitrogen (N2). Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) and X-ray-diffraction (XRD) images were taken to study the original microstructure and mineral content of the shale. To study the macroscale mechanical changes of Wufeng Shale immersed in scCO2 or N2 for 10 hours, triaxial tests with controlled coring angles were conducted. SEM and XRD images were taken after the triaxial tests. In the SEM images, tight bedding planes and undamaged minerals (with sharp edges and smooth surfaces) were found in N2-treated samples both before and after testing, indicating that exposure to N2 did not affect the microstructures. However, the SEM images for the microstructure scCO2-treated samples before and after testing were quite different. The bedding planes were damaged, which left some connected microfractures and corrosion holes, and some mineral types were broken into small particles and left with uneven mineral surfaces. This shows that scCO2 can change rock microstructures and make some minerals (e.g., calcite) fracture more easily. The complex microscale fractures and the decrease in strength for scCO2-treated shale aid the seepage and gathering of gas, enhancing shale-gas recovery. Knowledge of the multiscale physical and chemical changes of shale exposed to scCO2 is not only essential for scCO2 fracturing, but it is also important for scCO2 jets used to break rock and for the geological storage of CO2.
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Nichols Jr., Thomas C., Donley S. Collins, and Richard R. Davidson. "In situ and laboratory geotechnical tests of the Pierre Shale near Hayes, South Dakota—A characterization of engineering behavior." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-028.

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A geotechnical investigation of the Pierre Shale near Hayes, South Dakota, was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey as a basis for evaluating problems in deep excavations into that formation. The physical and mechanical properties of the shale were determined through use of core holes drilled to a maximum depth of 184 m. In situ borehole determinations included a gravimeter survey, pressuremeter testing, thermal profile measurements, and borehole velocity measurements. Onsite and offsite laboratory measurements included rebound measurements, sonic velocity measurements of shear and primary waves, X-ray mineralogy and major element determinations, size analyses, fracture analyses, fabric analyses, and determination of thermal properties.Below 15–22 m, the shale is an unweathered, saturated, overconsolidated, underpressured clay shale with a clay-mineral content ranging between 50 and 100%, dominantly composed of mixed-layer illitic smectites. The physical and mechanical properties vary widely. The variation is related to the clay mineral content (especially in bentonite zones), a large transverse mechanical anisotropy, and zones of fractures and microfractures, which may result from rebound caused by erosion. These may contribute to slope instability over large areas. The thermal and mechanical properties change markedly if the shale is permitted to dry out. The state of stress and overconsolidation appear to be functions of the depositional and erosional history of the deposit. Both are markedly affected by the large fracture zones. The properties of the clay shale indicate problems that may be encountered in excavation and use of deep underground facilities. Key words: anisotropy, characterization, clay shale, consolidation state, physical properties, rebound, relaxation, stress state, thermal properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

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Audette, Scott. "Mechanical Properties of Aerospace Composite Parts Made from Stitched Multilayer 3D Carbon Fibre Preforms." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31691.

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Producing composite parts using low-cost processes such as resin transfer moulding (RTM) has received much interest in the aerospace industry. RTM manufactured components require near net shape preforms which closely fit mould cavities. To reduce labour costs associated with composite production, automated preforming processes must be utilized. However, obtaining reproducible high quality preforms is required for manufacturing consistent high quality parts. Stitched multilayer 3D non crimp fabric preforms are well suited for automation and an investigation into quality and performance of components manufactured from these preforms is required. This thesis provides an initial evaluation of quality and mechanical properties of components made from stitched multilayer 3D non crimp fabric preforms using RTM. Similar sized flat plates of varying fibre volume fractions were manufactured to evaluate flexural modulus and strength, short beam shear strength and drop weight impact resistance of the material. Also, integral reinforced panels (IRPs) featuring a reinforcing section joined to a flat plate of varying laminating sequences were manufactured to evaluate debonding strength between sections. Optical microscopy was performed on component samples to determine quality based on void content and was found to be within acceptable limits for production composites. Flexural moduli were found to be comparable with theoretical expected values, however flexural strength was limited by the presence of transverse stitches. Short beam shear strength results showed high consistency between specimens, however were lower than comparable values found in literature. Impact specimens showed consistency among specimens, with greater damage resistance than comparable values found in literature. Determining debonding strength proved difficult as different failure modes were observed between IRPs, however, initial baseline values were acquired.
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Hatami, Mohammad. "Multiscale Analysis of Mechanical and Transport Properties in Shale Gas Reservoirs." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1614950615095796.

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Bobko, Christopher Philip 1981. "Assessing the mechanical microstructure of shale by nanoindentation : the link between mineral composition and mechanical properties." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47731.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 335-351).
Shale is a multi-phase, multi-scale sedimentary rock that makes up 75% of the earth's sedimentary basins and is especially critical in petroleum engineering applications. At macroscopic scales, shales possess a diverse set of possible compositions, resulting in a diverse set of mechanical properties. This thesis assesses microstructure and material invariant properties of shale as the link between engineering performance and composition. A comprehensive experimental microporomechanics approach, employing advanced experimental and analytical nanoindentation techniques, provides the basis for assessment of microstructure and material invariant properties. Nanoindentation experiments and analysis tools are designed to probe and infer the elastic and strength properties of the porous clay composite in shale. The results of this investigation show that properties of the porous clay composite scale with the clay packing density in the material, but otherwise do not depend on mineral composition. These scaling relationships are representative of a granular composite of spherical particles, and lead to identification of intrinsically anisotropic material invariant elastic properties and intrinsically isotropic material invariant hardness properties. The material invariant hardness represents a combination of cohesive and frictional behavior that is seen to scale with the average clay packing density in the sample. Nanoindentation results also provide evidence of packing density distributions that are analogous to pore size distributions.
(cont.) These observations are combined to define a model of the elementary building block of shale. Exploring the physical origin of this building block suggests that it represents an agglomerated polycrystal group of individual clay minerals. Particles in the porous clay composite exhibit fractal packings, which suggest a quantitative link between contemporary theories about the origin of friction and the experimental scaling of friction in shale. The new understanding provided by this thesis represents a leap forward for predictive models of shale behavior. The model of the elementary building block can be used as a basis for micromechanical homogenization models which predict poroelastic properties and strength behavior of shale at the lab-bench scale based on only two volume fraction parameters. The success of these models validates the elementary building block model and illustrates its engineering significance.
by Christoper P. Bobko.
Ph.D.
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Allen, Katherine Ruth. "Methods of testing the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dma427.pdf.

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Li, Hui. "Effects of Water Content, Mineralogy, and Anisotropy on the Mechanical Properties of Shale Gas Rocks." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10235426.

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In shale gas development, the mechanical properties of shale are crucial in hydraulic fracture propagation, wellbore stability, and the productivity of a shale gas wells. In this dissertation, acoustic velocity tests, uniaxial compressive tests, and Brazilian tensile tests were conducted on Eagle Ford and Mancos shale to investigate gas shale mechanical properties, including dynamic mechanial properties and static mechanical properties (compressive and tensile mechanical properties). Water content, mineralogy, and anisotropic effects on shale mechanical properties were analyzed.

Ultrasonic velocity measurements were performed on Eagle Ford shale samples. Dynaimic elastic properties were determined according to the compressive- and shear-wave vleocities. The results showed that both P- and S-wave velocities increase as confining pressure increases. Horizontal elastic modulus, vertical elastic modulus, and shear modulus increase with increasing confining pressure. While horizontal and vertical Poisson’s ratio exhibited more or less invariant with confining pressure. Transverse isotropy is an appropriate model to characterize Eagle Ford gas shale. Elastic properties of Eagle Ford shale are direction-dependent. Horizontal Young’s modulus is higher than vertical Young’s modulus and horizontal Poisson’s ratio is higher than vertical Poisson’s ratio. Increasing water content reduce Young’s modulus and shear modulus significantly. Induced water can make the shale softer. Water increase Eagle Ford shale’s anisotropies. Both P- and S- wave velocities decrease with increasing of TOC and clay content. Dynamic Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus vary inversely with TOC and clay. Poisson’s ratio does not correlate with TOC or clay content for these test samples.

Static mechanical properties were investigated by conducting uniaxial compressive tests and Brazilian tensile tests on Eagle Ford and Mancos shale samples. A new method was developed to analyze tensile elastic behavior of materials. The imbibed water significantly reduces the uniaxial compressive strength. Young’s modulus of wet samples is lower for corresponding dry samples. The maximum Young’s modulus decrease is up to about 70%. The imbibed water makes the shale softer. Poisson’s ratio increase with water content. Bedding plane/laminations have a significant impact on Eagle Ford indirect tensile strength, but not on Mancos shale. The imbibed water significantly reduces tensile strength and tensile Young’s modulus, but increase tensile Poisson’s ratio. Low clay content in the Eagle Ford shale (around 6%) and high clay content in the Mancos (around 22%) might be the explanation for the overall lower tensile strength of the Mancos than Eagle Ford shale.

Static and dynamic elastic properties of Eagle Ford shale samples are compared. Static Young’s modululs is lower than dynamic Young’s modulus. There is no strong correlations between static and dynamic Poisson’s ratio observed for the tested samples. The relationship of compressive and tensile mechanical properties of Eagle Ford shale are investigated. Tensile Young’s modululs is 0.76 to 0.98 times lower than corresponding compressive Young’s modulus. There is either no strong correlations between tensile and compressive Poisson’s ratio observed for the tested samples.

Water weaken mechanism was analyzed. Three potentially major weakening mechanisms—chemical effects, water clay interaction, and capillary pressure increase—were discussed in detail.

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Kalaugher, Elizabeth Mary. "The mechanical properties of CVD diamond coated fibres." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264062.

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Zulu, Andrew Wisdom. "Thick Composite Properties and Testing Methods." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-243885.

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In most application to date reinforced carbon fiber composites have been used in relatively smaller thickness, less than 10mm thick and essentially for carrying in-plane loads. As a result, design and testing procedures were developed which reflected the need to understand the in-plane response of the material. recently, engineers and designers have begun to use reinforced carbon fiber composites in thicker sections, where an understanding of the through-thickness response is of para-mount importance in designing reliable structures, particularly where the through-thickness strength has a controlling influence on the overall structural strength of the component. In this thesis tests will be done on carbon fiber non-crimp fabric (NCF) which will be loaded in compression and shear and elastic moduli and strength will be evaluated. In characterizing the through-thickness mechanical properties of a composite, the objective is to produce a state of stress in the test specimen which is uniform and will repeatedly measure the true properties with accuracy. In this study, specimens were machined from two blocks of thick (~20 mm) laminates of glass/epoxy and NCF carbon fiber infused with vinylester and tested in compression, and shear.
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Frei, Katherine Rebecca. "Morphology Tuning and Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Gold." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91899.

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Nanoporous gold is an exciting topic that has been highly researched due to its potential in applications including sensing, catalysts, gas storage, and heat exchangers, made possible by its high surface area to volume ratio and high porosity. However, these applications tend to require a specific morphology, which is often difficult to control. In this work, significant strides have been made in tuning the morphology of nanoporous gold by studying the effect of different fabrication parameters on the ligament diameter, pore diameter, and ligament length, three characteristics which are most discussed in previous studies concerning nanoporous gold. This material also, generally shows a brittle behavior despite it consisting of a normally ductile constituent element, limiting many commercial applications. There have been multiple simulated studies on the tensile mechanical properties and the fracture mode of this material, but limited experimental tensile testing research exists due to technical difficulty of conducting such experiments with small fragile samples. We examine the tensile mechanical behavior of nanoporous gold with ligament sizes ranging from 10 to 30 nm using in situ tensile testing under an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). A specially designed tensile stage and sample holders are used to deform the sample inside the ESEM, allowing us to observing both the macro and microscopic structure changes. Our experimental results advance our understandings of how porous structure influence the mechanical properties of nanoporous gold, and they also serve to increase the accuracy of future simulation studies that will take this material a step towards commercial use by providing a thorough understanding of its structural mechanical limitations.
MS
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Al-Hajri, Hamood Said Ali. "Investigation of the controls of fluid flow through shale and their relation to its mechanical properties." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21976/.

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Understanding mechanisms of fluid flow through shale is very important as these sedimentary rock act as caprock, key source of unconventional hydrocarbon, seal for geological CO2 storage and radioactive waste disposal sites. Four mechanisms of fluid flow were identified; matrix flow by single or multiphase flow, flow through faults and fractures and flow through preferential pathways induced by high pressure fluid. Knowledge gaps associated with understanding the controls of these mechanisms were identified in this thesis. A series of experimental and simulation work was conducted to fill these knowledge gaps. Shale samples were collected from different location with a wide range of petrophysical, mechanical and mineralogical properties. Multiphase flow and sealing capacity assessment requires knowledge of threshold pressure of shale, which is challenging using standard methods due to the stress sensitive of shale. Using Mercury Porosimetry Under Confining Stress (MPUCS) instrument, it was proven experimentally that shale would act as effective seal and would not leak by multiphase flow through the undeformed matrix under in situ conditions. The radioactive waste management industry argues that leakage mainly occurs via flow along pathways formed by high gas pressures (pathway dilation). However, there is no micro mechanical model to describe formation and propagation of these pathways. Pathway dilation in clay-rich sediments was investigated by injecting melted Field’s metal into synthetic shale sample. Results suggest that compaction plays a key role in formation and propagation of these pathways. It is quite important to understand failure mechanics of shale in order to be able to argue the existence of conductive faults and fracture and their capability to re-seal. Anticipation of formation and closure of faults and fractures require knowledge of mechanical properties such as the apparent preconsolidation pressure, which is difficult to obtain for shale. A new simple technique was developed to measure the preconsolidation pressure under hydrostatic condition using MIP instrument. Micro-indentation was proposed to measure elastic properties as it is difficult to obtain core plugs that are sufficient long for tri-axial testing. Faults and fracture are often argued to be conduits to fluid flow across shale. However, these features could close and re-seal but knowledge of controls for fracture closure is still elusive. Controls of fracture closure in shale were investigated by conducting a series of flow experiments through artificial fracture using a set of different shale samples. It was shown that porosity, clay content and stress state controls fracture closure. It was suggested that fractures in soft shale with high porosity and clay content samples have potential to close and reseal under in situ condition whereas stiff shale will have their fracture open under same conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to simulate the same fracture closure experiment, which also provided results that agree with the suggestions made from experimental work.
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Saka, Kolawole. "Dynamic mechanical properties of fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0514854d-36db-4cc1-b377-03a75550ab76.

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A small gas gun, capable of accelerating a projectile 1m long by 25.4mm diameter to about 50 m/s, and an extended split Hopklnson bar apparatus have been designed and constructed for the tensile impact testing of fibre reinforced composite specimens at strain rates of the order of 1000/s. Elastic strain measurements derived from the Hopkinson bar analysis are checked, using strain gauges attached directly to the specimen and the validity of the elastic moduli determined under tensile impact is confirmed. Epoxy specimens reinforced with plain-weave fabrics of either carbon or glass or with several hybrid combinations of the two in various lay-ups, giving five different weight fractions of reinforcement from all-carbon to all-glass, have been tested in tension at three strain rates, nominally, ~10-3/s, ~10/s and ~103/s. The effect of both hybrid composition (volume fraction of carbon reinforced plies) and applied strain rate on the tensile modulus, the tensile strength and the strain to fracture is determined and a limited hybrid effect is observed in specimens with a carbon volume fraction in the approximate range 0.6 to 0.7 where, at all three strain rates there is an enhancement of the failure strain over that for the all-carbon plies and an increased failure strength, most marked in the impact tests, over that predicted by the rule of mixtures. The fracture surfaces of specimens are examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy and the failure process in the hybrid composites is related to that found in the all-carbon and the all-glass specimens. The classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai-Wu strength criterion are used to predict the stiffness and strength of the hybrid composites from the elastic and strength properties of the constituent plies. Analytical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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Books on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

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Hill, Loren W. Mechanical properties of coatings. Philadelphia, PA (1315 Walnut St., Philadelphia 19107): Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 1987.

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Swallowe, G. M., ed. Mechanical Properties and Testing of Polymers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9231-4.

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1931-, Rossiter Bryant W., and Baetzold Roger C, eds. Determination of elastic and mechanical properties. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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M, Steen, and Lohr R. D, eds. Ultra high temperature mechanical testing. Cambridge: Woodhead, 1995.

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Yang, Zhaohui, and Hannele K. Zubeck. Mechanical properties of frozen soils. Edited by ASTM International Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and ASTM International Committee D18 on Soil and Rock. Subcommittee D18.19 on Frozen Soils and Rock. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.

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Menard, Kevin P. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 2008.

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European Mechanics Colloquium 269, "Experimental Identification of the Mechanical Characteristics of Composite Materials and Structures" (1990 Saint-Etienne, Loire, France). Mechanical identification of composites. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1991.

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S, Turner, ed. Mechanical evaluation strategies for plastics. Boca Raton, [Fla.]: CRC Press, 2001.

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David, Moore. Mechanical evaluation strategies for plastics materials. Boca Raton: CRC, 2001.

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M, Swallowe G., ed. Mechanical properties and testing of polymers: An A-Z reference. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

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Carrier, Benoit, Matthieu Vandamme, Roland Pellenq, and Henri Van Damme. "Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Thin Clay Films and Comparison with Molecular Simulations." In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales (ATMSS), 78–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52773-4_8.

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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0013.

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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0246.

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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Hylton, Donald C. "Mechanical Properties." In Understanding Plastics Testing, 17–35. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446412859.003.

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Naranjo, Alberto, María del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate, and Juan Diego Sierra. "Mechanical Properties." In Plastics Testing and Characterization, 185–261. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446418530.006.

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Grellmann, Wolfgang, and Sabine Seidler. "Mechanical Properties of Polymers." In Polymer Testing, 71–227. 3rd ed. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908075.004.

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Wiederhorn, Sheldon M., Richard J. Fields, Samuel Low, Gun-Woong Bahng, Alois Wehrstedt, Junhee Hahn, Yo Tomota, et al. "Mechanical Properties." In Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing, 339–452. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9_7.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Mechanical Testing and Properties." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 49–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0443-2_6.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Mechanical Testing and Properties." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 140–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2895-5_6.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Mechanical Testing and Properties." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 63–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1842-9_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

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David Domingos Soares da Silva, Ewerton Freitas de Medeiros, Lipson Douglas de Oliveira Silva, Melquisedeque Shaloon Bento da Silva Gomes, Alysson Domingos Silvestre, and Alberdan Santiago de Aquino. "TESTING DEVICE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY ACTUATOR." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-0229.

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Yarborough, Christina N., Emily M. Childress, and Richard K. Kunz. "Shape Recovery and Mechanical Properties of Shape Memory Composites." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66477.

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As the need for deployable space structures continues to increase, a deeper understanding of the mechanical properties and the responses of shape memory composites will be needed. Past research efforts have been focused on woven (0/90) carbon fiber composites which limit the shape memory capabilities due to the brittle nature of this fiber. The current work not only utilizes a synthetic fiber which allowed for a greater versatility in the composite, but also investigates the effects of angle plies and fiber volume fraction on the attainable bend ratio of the laminates. Four types of laminates were made to test the effects of laminate thickness, angle-plies, and fiber volume fraction. The specimens from these laminates were placed in both bending and tensile tests to investigate the effect of the fiber reinforcement on the polymer’s stiffness, strength and recovery. Testing revealed that the thicker specimens demonstrated improved recovery over the thinner samples, and that the angle-ply specimens recovered better than the (0/90) specimens. The recovery of the (0/90) specimens was improved by increasing the fiber volume fraction. Most significantly, the specimens were able to achieve smaller bend ratios than in previous studies without fiber microbuckling or fiber breakage. The tensile test data revealed that the bending cycles had little to no affect on the material properties of the composite. Only the modulus of the 5-ply (0/90) was seen to slightly decrease as the bending ratio decreased.
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Buranaj Hoxha, Bez, Justin Porter, and Eli Everhard. "Pressure Transmission Testing Confirms Performance of Aluminum Complex Fluids as Dynamic Borehole Stabilizer." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22558-ms.

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Abstract Testing the interaction between drilling/completion fluids and the formation is the key critical concept to understand the fundamental mechanism to borehole stability. Unfortunately, most industry tests lack the down-hole conditions to give realistic results. However, there is one advanced testing that can be used to directly and quantitively provide realistic borehole stability interpretations. Specifically, the pore pressure transmission (PPT) test has increasingly gained popularity providing results on how to stabilize troublesome shales by facilitating proper fluid design. In this study, precipitating aluminum chemistry is employed to develop a high-performance water-based mud (HP-WBM) that is tremendously robust and versatile – demonstrating that it can stabilize multiple shale type formations. PPT evaluations on the alumiumum complex HP-WBM was performed at 250°F with a high simulated overbalanced 1000 psi pressure differential, to fully confirm that the system can withstand high pressure influx and prevent pressure transmission into the shale pore matrix, essentially reducing induced borehole instability. PPT testing was performed on two different types of shales, Pierre Type II and Mancos shale exhibit noteworthy differences in physical, chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical properties, making them ideal shales to study the versatility of the aluminum complex drilling fluid. Because of the pore-plugging capabilities, the fluid can establish, an improved semipermeable membrane, allowing for the counterbalance of hydraulic flow into the shale via osmotic backflow. When compared to the base (water-based mud), a significant delay factor is observed using the aluminum complex fluid, indicating significant reduction in pressure transmission into the shale pore matrix. An invert emulsion system was also tested for comparison and showed the Al-HPWBM's was able to perform similarly at stabilizing these shales. Advantages of precipitating aluminum chemistry over other methods will be further discussed.
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Pasic, Borivoje, Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec, and Bojan Moslavac. "Application of Artificial Clay Samples (Pellets) in Laboratory Testing of Shale/Drilling Fluid Interaction." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10211.

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Wellbore instability was and is one of the most frequent problems in petroleum industry, especially in the drilling operations. It is mainly caused by the shale formations which represent 75% of all drilled formations. The wellbore instability problems involve tight hole spots, wellbore diameter enlargement, the appearance of cavings, the inability of carrying out wireline operations, poor hole cleaning, unsuccessful wellbore cementing operations and other. The wellbore instability is the result of mechanical and physico-chemical causes mostly acting concurrently. The shale instability basically comes out of its mineralogical composition (especially clay minerals content) and physico-chemical properties. Shale-mud interaction includes water/ions movement in and out of the shales due to pressure differential, osmosis, diffusive flow and capillary pressure. Many research activities about shale instability causes and shale properties (affecting shale behavior) definition have been carried out by now. Different shale samples, laboratory equipment and inhibitive muds have been used. Laboratory tested shale samples are provided by the wellbore cores, surface sampling or, which is the simplest method, by collecting the samples at the shale shakers during drilling operation. The amount of these samples is not enough for laboratory testing. Another problem is closely connected to sample quality and preservation. There are also differences in drilling fluids used in these laboratory tests, especially in their composition (sometimes containing more than one shale inhibitor). It is difficult to compare test results and conclusions made by different authors. The laboratory study presented within this paper are done with artificial clay samples (pellets) made by compacting the powderish material containing exact quantity of quartz, montmorillonite and kaolinite. The laboratory testing is done by treating the powderish samples inside the desiccator (24 hours), compacting (30 minutes), swelling (24 hours) and drying samples (24-hour). Sample swelling is tested by using different mud types and the sample mass is measured in each above mentioned phase. Special attention is directed to preparation and pellets content definition as a good replacement for the original shale in laboratory testing of shale and drilling fluid interaction. The influence of used muds on the total pellet swelling and swelling intensity, especially at the early phase of testing was determined.
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Musa, Ikhwanul Hafizi, Chee Phuat Tan, Junghun Leem, Iftikhar Altaf, Zahidah Md Zain, and Matthew Adams. "Anisotropic Geomechanical Rock Properties Modelling for Unconventional Shale Gas Formation." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21281-ms.

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Abstract Geomechanical rock properties correlations and modeling approach for conventional reservoirs are inappropriate and unsuitable for unconventional shale gas reservoirs where the shale formation is strong and has very low porosity. These correlations are critical in the development of 1D and 3D geomechanical models which are used for various field applications including drilling optimization, hydraulic fracturing design and operation, and field management. The study investigates various geomechanical rock properties and their relationships to one another using data extracted from rock mechanics testing conducted on shale core samples. For rock elastic properties correlations, dynamic elastic properties determined from compressional sonic velocity, shear sonic velocity and density are plotted against laboratory-measured static elastic properties obtained from triaxial tests. Steps were taken to further refine the properties correlations by separating the data from vertical and horizontal core samples, using data from tests conducted at in-situ confining stress condition, and focusing on data only taken from Field A and nearby fields. Similar steps were also taken to develop the correlations for rock strength properties. Correlations for the shale anisotropic elastic properties were also developed based on ratio of horizontal and vertical elastic properties. Blind tests were conducted on three wells in Field A using the new rock properties correlations which showed good matching of the predicted geomechanical properties with the new correlations and core measured test data.
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Esmaeeli, Roja, Ashkan Nazari, Haniph Aliniagerdroudbari, Seyed Reza Hashemi, Muapper Alhadri, Waleed Zakri, and Siamak Farhad. "Heat Built Up During Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Testing of Rubber Specimens." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88627.

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The viscoelastic properties of rubbers play an important role in dynamic applications and are commonly measured and quantified by means of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests. The rubber properties including the static and dynamic moduli are a function of temperature; and an increase in the temperature leads to a decrease in both moduli of the rubber. Due to the heat generation inside the rubber during the DMA test and the possible change of the rubber properties it is important to quantify the amount of temperature rise in the rubber specimen during the test. In this study, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model is used to predict the heat generation and temperature rise during the rubber DMA tests. This model is used to identify the best shape of the specimen to achieve the minimum increase in temperature during the test. The double sandwich shear test and the cyclic compression tests are considered in this study because these two tests are mostly used in industry to predict the rubber viscoelastic properties.
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Asmatulu, R., S. Gokathoti, H. Liao, and C. Yip. "Temperature and Humidity Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Nanocomposites." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12337.

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An environmental testing was conducted on polymeric nanocomposites fabricated by dispersing the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polymeric epoxy resins in order to determine their shelf life, reliability, stability, as well as other property changes as a function of temperature and humidity. In this study, various multi wall CNTs (∼140 nm diameter and ∼7 μm length) ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% were initially dispersed in ethanol using a magnetic stirrer, and then an epoxy resin was added to the mixtures under continuous stirring. When the solvent completely evaporated after 18 hours of stirring, a hardener was added to the dispersion. The mixtures were then poured into rectangular shape molds and cured for 48 hours at the room temperature and pressure. Furthermore, a few samples of plain epoxy without nanotubes were also cast for comparison purposes. Dog-bone specimens were tested on a tensile testing machine after different hours of degradation in an environmental chamber. The experimental results showed that the yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity gradually reduced over time, indicating that nanocomposites were highly dependent on the humidity and temperature conditions. The results provide a useful guideline for a variety of applications of the nanocomposites in the future.
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Pineda-Castillo, Sergio A., Jishan Luo, Bradley N. Bohnstedt, Chung-Hao Lee, and Yingtao Liu. "Shape Memory Polymer Foam With Tunable Properties for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24291.

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Abstract Intracranial aneurysms have the potential to be fatal; when detected, they must be treated promptly by surgical clipping or by endovascular methods. The latter, while having better long-term overall survival than the former, fail to provide complete occlusion of the aneurysm lumen, creating risks for therapy-related adverse events, such as embolic device migration or recanalization. Polyurethane shape memory polymers (SMPs) have the potential to provide patient-specific treatment to reduce rates of incomplete occlusion and mass effect. In this study, SMP matrices are infiltrated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce electrical conductivity and provide a precise triggering method for deployment of the embolic device. Through thermomechanical characterization of the composite, it was determined that CNTs play a significant role in resistivity of the SMP foam and its ultimate shape recovery properties. Cyclic mechanical testing allowed to determine that CNTs might induce polymeric matrix damage, creating the need for new approaches to CNT infiltration. The studied composite foams were able to occlude an in vitro idealized aneurysm phantom model, which allowed to conclude that the proposed CNT-infiltrated SMP foams exhibit potential as biomedical devices for endovascular therapy of intracranial aneurysms.
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Seibi, Abdennour, Majdi Chaari, Ahmed Temani, Mehdi Mokhtari, and Charles Taylor. "Design of a New Testing Fixture for Tangential Stress Measurements in Pipes." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72490.

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Experimental estimation of acurate material properties are key elements to the design of machine components and structures. In general, the elastic properties were determined using uniaxial tensile tests regardless of the final shape of the product including pipes, which exhibit different elastic properties in the longitudinal and tangential directions due to their manufacturing process. Several attempts have been made to estimate the mechanical properties of pipes along their longitudinal directions including ASTM D2290 and exhibited inconsistent results; thereby, calling for further design and analysis. This paper, therefore, presents various design alternatives to the ring hoop tensile test adopted in the ASTM D2290 standard through finite element modeling. The design optimization consisted of varying the ring width, dogbone width, dogbone gauge length, and the spacing between the two D-blocks to obtain the optimum values of the varying parameters that provide uniform normal stress across the cross-sectional area of the dogbone and more representative mechanical response. Finite element results revealed that the proposed dogbone sample design has an optimum length to width ratio of 4 with an orientation angle between 75° to 105° with respect to the horizontal axis. The proposed model was compared to adopted test methods such as ASTM D2290 and resulted in comparable stress contours uniformity across the dogbone gauge length but different contact pressure values. it was also found that the contact pressure for the ASTM ring hoop tensile test is higher than that for the proposed model by 22%.
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Yang, Chen, Manish Boorugu, Andrew Dopp, and Howon Lee. "Lightweight Microlattice With Tunable Mechanical Properties Using 3D Printed Shape Memory Polymer." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6562.

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Metamaterials are architected artificial materials engineered to exhibit properties not typically found in natural materials. Increasing attention has recently been given to mechanical metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical properties including high stiffness, strength, or/and resilience even at extremely low density. These unusual mechanical performances emerge from the three-dimensional (3D) spatial arrangement of the micro-structural elements designed to effectively distribute mechanical loads. Recent advances in additive manufacturing in micro-/nano-scale have catalyzed the growing interest in this field. This work presents a new lightweight microlattice with tunable and recoverable mechanical properties using a three-dimensionally architected shape memory polymer (SMP). SMP microlattices were fabricated utilizing our micro additive manufacturing technique called projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL), which uses a digital micro-mirror device (DMD™) as a dynamically reconfigurable photomask. We use a photo-crosslinkable and temperature-responsive SMP which can retain its large deformation until heated for spontaneous shape recovery. In addition, it exhibits remarkable elastic modulus changes during this transition. We demonstrate that mechanical responses of the micro 3D printed SMP microlattice can be reversibly tuned by temperature control. Mechanical testing result showed that stiffness of a SMP microlattice changed by two orders of magnitude by a moderate temperature shift by 60°C. Furthermore, the shape memory effect of the SMP allows for full restitution of the original shape of the microlattice upon heating even after substantial mechanical deformation. Mechanical metamaterials with lightweight, reversibly tunable properties, and shape recoverability can potentially lead to new smart structural systems that can effectively react and adapt to varying environments or unpredicted loads.
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Reports on the topic "Shale Mechanical properties Testing"

1

McEachen, G. W. Carbon syntactic foam mechanical properties testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654103.

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Heard, H. C., and W. Lin. High-pressure mechanical and sonic properties of a Devonian shale from West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6264787.

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Slotwinski, John, April Cooke, and Shawn Moylan. Mechanical properties testing for metal parts made via additive manufacturing :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7847.

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Blair, S. C., J. J. Sweeney, W. R. Ralph, and D. G. Ruddle. Mechanical properties of heavy oil-sand and shale as a function of pressure and temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6452210.

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Lucon, Enrico, Jake Benzing, and Nik Hrabe. Small punch testing to estimate mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2096.

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Phan, Long T., and Richard D. Peacock. Experimental plan for testing the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete at elevated temperatures. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6210.

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George, James T., Steven R. Sobolik, Moo Y. Lee, Byoung Park, and Laurence Costin. Pressurized Slot Testing to Determine Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Lithophysal Tuff at Yucca Mountain Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1436917.

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Mahendran, Subramanian, and Rajamani Jeyapaul. Preparation of Aluminium Calcium Oxide Composite Material Using Stir Casting Method and Testing of Its Mechanical Properties. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.10.13.

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Wang, Yanli, Peijun Hou, Ryann Bass, Xuan Zhang, and T. Sham. Interim mechanical properties data from FY22 ORNL testing of A709 with precipitation treatment for ASME Code Case data package. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887676.

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Wang, Jy-An John, Hao Jiang, and Hong Wang. Using Finite Model Analysis and Out of Hot Cell Surrogate Rod Testing to Analyze High Burnup Used Nuclear Fuel Mechanical Properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1148865.

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