Journal articles on the topic 'Shades management of natural stone'
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Li, Feng, Li Wu, Xin Yuan Wang, Cheng Zhu, and Su Yuan Li. "An Examination of the Traits and Genesis of Chaohu Stone, East China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.80.
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Chaohu Stone is a distinct geological tourism resource, and its morphological diversity is shaped by unique local geological environments. However, the dedicated and systematic research is insufficient currently. Starting with regional tectonic characters and environmental conditions, this paper examines the distribution, traits, genesis and classification of Chaohu Stone. Results show that Chaohu Stone mainly includes carbonate rocks formed during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods. During long geological processes, the rocks have been altered by various external forces such as weathering, leaching, denudation and corrosion, etc., to produce various natural art forms with distinctive styles and shapes. Its morphological variations, eerie veins, rich fossils, unique nodules and smooth porosity differentiate the Chaohu Stone from other ornamental stones. Although Chaohu Stone has wide distribution, rich varieties, many genesis types and centuries of exploration, there is low degree of survey evaluation and genesis study, resulting in damage and squandering of this valuable wealth. Hence, we must highlight managements and protective exploitations of Chaohu Stone, particularly strengthening geological survey and genesis mechanism examination.
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Шамрай, Володимир Ігорович, and Валентин Вацлавович Коробийчук. "Influence of grinding-polishing of natural stone on its shine and lightness shades." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 5(71) (October 21, 2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.28036.
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Tayade, Priti B., and Ravindra V. Adivarekar. "Colour gamut with easy sources of natural dyes." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2015-0136.
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Purpose In nature, thousands of different colours and shades exist. Basic set of dyes, namely, yellow, red, blue and green are necessary for a complete colour gamut. Creating a complete gamut with natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure is not exploited hitherto. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this study, an attempt was made to create a complete colour gamut with easily available natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure. Findings Silk fabrics were dyed using various natural dyes alone and in combination to yield various shades, namely, yellow, red, green, blue. Pre-mordanting of silk fabrics was carried out with mordants, namely, alum, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, stannous chloride, potassium dichromate followed by dyeing. The fastness properties and colour strength values of all the shades obtained were determined. Originality/value Creating a complete gamut with natural dyes with one common extraction and application procedure is not exploited hitherto.
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Kabir, Shekh Mamun, Mahabub Hasan, and Zulhash Uddin. "Novel Approach to Dye Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fabric in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Natural Curcuminoid Dyes." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 3(135) (June 30, 2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0744.
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The use of natural dyes has increased in the last few decades due to the eco-friendly approach of dyeing. There are still some limitations that are associated with natural dyes, such as dyeing efficiency, reproducibility of shades, process complexity, availability etc. The main problem associated with the dyeing property of natural dyes is “low exhaustion”. In this study, natural dyestuff from Curcuma longa L. was extracted and polyethylene terephthalate fabric was dyed with it in the same bath by employing the supercritical carbon dioxide method. The method was developed to improve the dye-ability of natural dyes and reduce the process time and effluent. Curcuminoid dye exhaustion on PET fabric showed almost 80% by using supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing methods, and the highest colour strength (K/S = 12) was obtained. Coloured polyethylene terephthalate fabric treated with supercritical carbon dioxide showed deeper shades (L* = 72.92) and better fastness properties as compared with high temperature exhaust dyeing methods.
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Virgós, Emilio, Noemí Baniandrés, Tamara Burgos, and Mariano R. Recio. "Intraguild Predation by the Eagle Owl Determines the Space Use of a Mesopredator Carnivore." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090359.
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Top predators shape the communities of sympatric predators by killing and displacing smaller predators. Predation risk pushes smaller predators to select enemy-free spaces irrespective of food availability, which results in changes in their behaviour, space use, distribution, and abundance. Although the landscape of fear dynamics are known for top predators such as the eagle owl and its impact on smaller raptors, the effect of the presence and abundance of the eagle owl on the space use of mesopredator carnivores remains poorly understood. Here, we studied this effect on the space use of the stone marten in a Mediterranean ecosystem where it shares rabbits as main prey with the eagle owl. We also accounted for the presence of another sympatric carnivore, the red fox. Using a multi-model inference, we found stone martens avoided areas with a higher abundance of eagle owls and rabbits, which suggested a hyperpredation process and a cognitive association by stone martens between rabbit hotspots and owl presence. We found a positive relationship between the space use of the red fox and the stone marten, which suggested foxes behaved as competitors and not predators of martens. Understanding intraguild predation can assist the conservation and management of predators and their prey.
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Santos-Álvarez, María-Valle, and María-Teresa García-Merino. "Information interests and exporting: The Spanish natural stone industry." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 6 (November 2012): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.6.845.
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AbstractExport decisions depend on a wide variety of information stimuli. The current research focuses on the attention that international entrepreneurs (IEs) dedicate to different information stimuli relating to how the firm operates internationally, and examines whether the IE's attention varies in function of their experience and knowledge. For their empirical analysis, the authors study the information interests of the IEs in the Spanish natural stone industry. They identify three centres of interest: the strategic attractiveness of the foreign markets, barriers to exporting, and support programmes for exporters. The results show that the IEs are most interested in information about support programmes, and that is due to IEs with scant knowledge about the export markets. As the IEs accumulate knowledge about which are the main export markets, they become more interested in information about the strategic attractiveness of these markets. The authors conclude that a trade-off exists between the information about market attractiveness and the information about support programmes in the IE's attention. In contrast, attention towards export barriers behaves independently and depends on the IE's experience.
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Havlíček, Filip, and Martin Kuča. "Waste Management at the End of the Stone Age." Journal of Landscape Ecology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2017-0009.
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AbstractThis article describes examples of waste management systems from archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. These examples are then contextualized in the broader perspectives of environmental history. We can confidently claim that the natural resource use of societies predating the Lower Palaeolithic was in equilibrium with the environment. In sharp contrast stand communities from the Upper Palaeolithic and onwards, when agriculture appeared and provided opportunities for what seemed like unlimited expansion.
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Rehman, Fazal Ur, Shahid Adeel, Wafa Haddar, Razia Bibi, Muhammad Azeem, Rony Mia, and Bulbul Ahmed. "Microwave-Assisted Exploration of Yellow Natural Dyes for Nylon Fabric." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095599.
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Today, the global community is appreciating green technologies in the application of green products in textiles. The aim of the current study is to use a sustainable heating technique for the isolation of colorant from plant sources and to use eco-friendly anchors to improve the fastness of dyed fabrics with new shades. The current study used microwave radiation to isolate natural colorants from saffron (Crocus sativus) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) petals for polyamide (nylon) fabric dyeing. For this purpose, acidic extract and fabric were exposed to MW treatment for up to 6 min and employed at various conditions. To make the dyeing process sustainable, bio-mordants have been employed and compared with synthetic mordants. It has been found that 6 min is the optimal radiation time for the isolation of colorant to get good results onto irradiated polyamide (nylon) fabric when employed at 65 °C for 45 min containing 1 g/100 mL of table salt for saffron and 3 g/100 mL of table salt for safflower dyeing. For improving color strength and giving an acceptable rating of fastness, 7% of turmeric as a pre-bio mordant and 7% pomegranate as a post-mordant has given high results using saffron extract. Similarly, with safflower extract, 5% of turmeric as a pre-mordant and 5% of turmeric extracts as a post-mordant have given high results as compared to chemical mordants used. It is concluded that microwave treatment has a high potential for investigating the coloring efficacy of crocin-containing saffron petals and safflower petals as carthamin as a yellow natural dye for bio-mordanted polyamide fabrics. It is recommended that such tools for the isolation of colorant from new dye-producing plants should be used, whereas green mordants should be used to develop new colorfast shades to make process more green and sustainable.
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Strzałkowski, Paweł. "Characteristics of Waste Generated in Dimension Stone Processing." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 7232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217232.
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Natural dimension stone processing generates large volumes of stone waste, which have a significant impact on the environment, as well as on the efficiency and profitability of the stone-processing plant. The article presents the characteristics of waste produced as a result of natural dimension stone processing and the structure of the waste production process. Solid stone scraps and sludge were distinguished. On the basis of the performed analyses, it was shown that stone waste constitutes 10–35% in relation to the quantity of the processed stone material, with the quantity of sludge being even threefold greater than the volume of solid scraps. According to the circular economy principles, the aim should be to reduce the amount of waste generated by reducing primary resources in favour of secondary material. Reducing the volume of stone waste is possible through rational planning of stone production while at the same time maximising the efficiency of stone material usage and introducing the most modern processing machines. This significant volume of stone waste encourages efforts to find solutions for both its management and reduction. This paper reviews the utility potential of stone waste. Sensible use of waste is important to increase the profitability and productivity of processing plants while incentivising environmental protection.
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Fort, R., M. J. Varas, M. Alvarez de Buergo, and D. Martin-Freire. "Determination of anisotropy to enhance the durability of natural stone." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2011): S132—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/8/3/s13.
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Tarrad, Mohannad, and Majed Ibrahim. "Detection of Limestone Quarries in Jordan Through Remote Sensing Data to Achieve Sustainable Utilization in Vernacular Architecture." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160406.
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All human societies seek stability and use of place and material in order to create architectural buildings. One of the most important materials that man used as a building material was natural stone, and in Jordan stone has a special architectural value, as Jordanian architects used it to form a unique architectural style, especially in the capital, Amman. But at the end of the last century and the beginning of the current century, alternative manufactured building materials appeared, and architects began using them for many reasons, including the lack of quality of natural stone and its defects, which resulted in deformation of the architectural facades. The research used remote sensing techniques to know the properties and quality of the stone. This research used the descriptive approach in studying the history of architecture in Jordan and its relationship to limestone, and relied on the analytical survey by obtaining data from satellite images, where they were analyzed and the properties of the stone in the ground were shown. This research aims to preserve the use of natural stone in construction as a building material that has characteristics in sustainability.
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Yurdakul, Murat. "Natural stone waste generation from the perspective of natural stone processing plants: An industrial-scale case study in the province of Bilecik, Turkey." Journal of Cleaner Production 276 (December 2020): 123339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123339.
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Mohan das, Dr K., Dr N. Sundar, S. Harishankar, A. Raj Kumar, SPM Kannan, and Dr K. Ramesh. "An experimental study on strength characteristics of replacement of fine aggregate with stone dust and coarse aggregate with demolished concrete waste." YMER Digital 21, no. 02 (February 26, 2022): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.02/64.
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The report presents a comparative examination of the experimental results of the characteristics of fresh and cured concrete with various natural with recycled coarse and fine aggregate replacement ratios. Crushing leftover concrete from laboratory test cubes and precast concrete columns yielded recycled coarse aggregate. Stone dust was used in place of recycled fine aggregate. One of the most significant components of a reinforced structural part is concrete. Concrete has an inextricable influence on reinforced concrete constructions. Concrete that isn't strong enough puts the entire structure in harm. Many structures nowadays fail as a result of a lack of strength. The mechanical properties of concrete changed by stone dust as a fine aggregate replacement material are investigated in this work. A comparative analysis of the experimental results of the properties of fresh and hardened concrete with different replacement ratios of natural with recycled coarse and fine aggregate are presented in the paper. Recycled coarse aggregate was made by crushing the waste concrete of laboratory test cubes and precast concrete columns. Recycled fine aggregate was replaced by stone dust. Concrete is one of the most important components in reinforced structural member. In reinforced concrete structures concrete have some inseparable influence. Lacking in concrete strength endanger the whole structure. Now a day it is seen that many structures fails due to lack of strength. In this paper investigate experiment is reported on the mechanical properties of concrete modified by stone dust as replacing material of fine aggregate and demolished concrete waste as replacing material of coarse aggregate and a study is conductto determine the engineering properties of compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water absorption capacity of partially replacement of natural sand and natural aggregate. In recent days the demand of river sand is increasing due to its lesser availability. Hence the practice of partially replacing river sand with stone dust is taking a tremendous growth. Due to critical stage of natural aggregate the availability of demolished concrete as recycled aggregate. Using discarded concrete as recycled aggregate conserves natural aggregate, lowers landfill impact, reduces energy use, and potentially saves money. The materials of the future are recycled aggregate. Stone dust and destroyed concrete waste were used to replace 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent of fine and coarse aggregate, respectively. After a 28-day curing period, concrete samples (cubes, cylinders, and beams) are cast and evaluated. To produce the effect on mortar, several members were built utilising the above percentage. Modified concrete is compared to regular concrete in terms of strength. The strength parameters of concrete employing stone dust as fine aggregate and demolished concrete debris as coarse aggregate are observed to increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength. It was discovered that the concrete may be used as structural members in buildings and other structures.
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Prezioso, Domenico, Biagio Barone, Dante Di Domenico, and Raffaele Vitale. "Stone residual fragments: A thorny problem." Urologia Journal 86, no. 4 (July 14, 2019): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391560319860654.
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Urolithiasis represents a widespread and common disorder among the world population, with a predicted increase in affected patients in the coming years. Treatment of renal and ureteral stones varies widely, and achieving true stone-free status in all patients is still difficult. Moreover, imaging used to assess residual fragments following procedure impacts the diagnosed stone-free rate percentage considerably. In particular, the use of computed tomography scans has led to a better evaluation of residual fragments as well as so-called clinically insignificant residual fragments, which in a considerable number of cases are, despite their definition, causes of adverse urological events, thus creating a thorny problem for both patients and urologists. Currently, there is no gold standard or validated protocol regarding the management, clearance and prevention of residual fragments. In this article, we review the current literature regarding residual fragments, clinically insignificant residual fragments and their natural history, reporting on diagnostic methods, incidence, complications and outcome with the use of less invasive procedures, taking into consideration viable treatment and management of patients affected.
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Andreev, K. M., and K. I. Borodulin. "TO THE QUESTION ABOUT TWO CULTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL GROUPS OF FLINT INVENTORY OF THE KRASNY GORODOK SITE." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-3-118-125.
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The Krasny Gorodok site, explored in the late 1980s, has long attracted the attention of specialists in the Neolithic. There archaeologists discovered a small but very interesting collection of ceramics. At the same time, the flint complex of the site raised several questions even at the stage of primary comprehension of the material, and researchers made assumptions about the presence of two cultural-chronological groups of flint materials in the complex of the site. In connection with the expansion of the source base on the Early Neolithic and Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region, as well as the acquisition of a significant array of natural science data, it became necessary to verify the conclusions drawn by more than a quarter of a century ago. In particular, the question of the homogeneity of the flint collection of the site and the possibility of identifying an early admixture remains relevant. During the reanalysis of the flint collection of the Krasny Gorodok site, about 600 units of stone artifacts were examined. This complex was divided into two groups depending on the color and quality characteristics of the flint. The first group is represented by artifacts made of high-quality flint of gray color and its various shades. The second group includes artifacts made of low-grade colored flint, mainly brown and of various shades of brown, without a stable shape. The first group is characterized by a large orientation towards obtaining plates of a regular shape and their relatively high specific gravity (23%). In addition, this type of raw material was used to make all the angular cutters on the plates found at the site and, in general, most of the tools were made from plate blanks. The collection of tools made of colored flint is less indicative, however, one can state a lesser orientation towards obtaining plates from this type of raw material and, predominantly, their irregular shape, while few tools were made on flakes and chips. In our opinion, the marked differences between the first and second groups of stone products from the site are of a cultural and chronological nature. The first group of flint, in terms of raw materials, shape and technique of making tools and applying retouching on them, can be attributed to the era of the late Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region. The second group, in terms of the nature of the raw materials and the morphology of tools, belongs to the Early Neolithic.
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Thredgold, Leigh, Chandnee Ramkissoon, Chellan Kumarasamy, Richard Gun, Shelley Rowett, and Sharyn Gaskin. "Rapid Assessment of Oxidative Damage Potential: A Comparative Study of Engineered Stone Dusts Using a Deoxyguanosine Assay." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106221.
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The popularity of engineered stone (ES) has been associated with a global increase in occupational lung disease in workers exposed to respirable dust during the fabrication of benchtops and other ES products. In this study, the reactivity and subsequent oxidative reduction potential of freshly generated ES dusts were evaluated by (i) comparing different engineered and natural stones, (ii) comparing settled and respirable stone dust fractions and (iii) assessing the effect of ageing on the reactivity of freshly generated stone dust. An established cell-free deoxyguanosine hydroxylation assay was used to assess the potential for oxidative DNA damage. ES dust exhibited a higher relative reactivity than two of the three natural stones tested. Respirable dust fractions were found to be significantly more reactive than their corresponding settled fraction (ANOVA, p < 0.05) across all stone types and samples. However, settled dust still displayed high relative reactivity. The lower reactivity of the settled dust was not due to decay in reactivity of the respirable dust when it settled but rather a result of the admixture of larger nonrespirable particles. No significant change in respirable dust reactivity was observed for three ES samples over a 21-day time period, whereas a significant decrease in reactivity was observed in the natural stone studied. This study has practical implications for dust control and housekeeping in industry, risk assessment and hazard management.
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Roviello, Valentina, Aurelio Bifulco, Abner Colella, Fabio Iucolano, Domenico Caputo, Antonio Aronne, and Barbara Liguori. "Suitability and Sustainability of Anti-Graffiti Treatments on Natural Stone Materials." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010575.
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Graffiti vandalism represents an aesthetic and structural phenomenon of degradation both for buildings and cultural heritage: the most used sprays and markers can permeate the stone materials exposing them to degradation. Hence, great attention is being currently devoted to new non-invasive chemical approaches to face this urgent problem. This work is aimed at deeply examining the effects of some of the most sustainable chemical protective methods on the physical properties of natural building materials (e.g., tuff and limestone) by testing two commercial anti-graffiti products. It was found that the nanotechnological product Ector (E) was more effective than Nord Resine (NR) in anti-graffiti applications even if its permanent character hinders its application to the cultural heritage. Conversely, the less performant NR could be used in this field due to its sacrificial behavior, according to the guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism. The findings highlight the importance of developing new sustainable methods for the preservation of cultural and building materials from vandal graffiti, which should combine the high hydrophobia, the ecological characteristics, and the effectiveness of E, with the sacrificial properties of NR.
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Tomanović, Dušan, Irena Rajković, Mirko Grbić, Julija Aleksić, Nebojša Gadžić, Jasmina Lukić, and Tijana Tomanović. "Houses Based on Natural Stone; A Case Study—The Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 3866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143866.
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The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and influenced by historical events, saw the development of rural settlements that are historically, artistically and culturally worthy of recognition. These stone settlements were acquired completely spontaneously, keeping the same pace as the settling, and transformed to some degree due to contemporary social movement and migration. Up until the middle of the 20th century, structures on the coastline in general were built by applying the same verified methods, which remained unchanged for centuries. Unreinforced stone walls as load-bearing vertical elements, coupled with wooden floor joists attached in a traditional way are typically present in the stone architecture of the Adriatic region and karst areas in general. The construction characteristics of the stone houses built in such a way meet all needs in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and are suitable for the coastal climate of this region. The fast-paced development in the past 50 years, the inadequate legal protection of residential buildings in the Bay of Kotor, poverty, and the new rich have brought about the devastation of not only buildings built in traditional architecture styles themselves, but also the urban landscape of the bay. Throughout the Bay of Kotor, buildings built in traditional architecture styles are nowadays more and more rare to see in their original shape—houses outside of cities but which display all characteristics of civic coastal houses and buildings free of rigid style rules, even though closely in contact with them. Regardless of efforts to preserve the heritage inherited by our ancestors, cultural monuments and houses referenced here deteriorate on a daily basis due to troubles and neglect.
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Alevizopoulos, Aristeidis, Dimitrios Zosimas, Lamprini Piha, Milad Hanna, and Konstantinos Charitopoulos. "Managing Small Ureteral Stones: A Retrospective Study on Follow-Up, Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Conservative Management vs. Early Surgery." Current Urology 9, no. 1 (2015): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442849.
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Introduction: The management of ureteral calculi has evolved over the past decades with the advent of new surgical and medical treatments. The current guidelines support conservative management as a possible approach for ureteral stones sized = 10 mm. Objectives: We purport to follow the natural history of ureteral stones managed conservatively in this retrospective study, and attempt to ascribe an estimated health-care and cost-effectiveness, from presentation to time of being stone-free. Materials and methods: 192 male and female patients with a single ureteral stone sized = 10 mm were included in this study. The clinical and cost-related outcome was analyzed for different stone sizes (0-4, 4-6 and 6-10 mm). The effectiveness of selected follow-up (FU) scans was also analyzed. Results: Stone size was found to be related to the degree of hydronephrosis and to the likelihood of need for a surgical management. Conservative management was found to be clinically effective, as 88% of the patients did not require surgery for their stone. 96.1% of the patients with a stone 0-4mm managed to expel their ureteral stone. Bigger ureteral stones were found to be more costly. The cost-effectiveness of the single FU scans was found to be related to their efficiency, while the global cost-effectiveness of conservative management vs. early surgery was higher for smaller stones (26.8 vs. 17.32% for stones 0-4 vs. 6-10 mm). Conclusion: Conservative management is clinically effective with a significant cost-benefit, particularly for the subgroup of stones sized 0-4 mm, where a need for FU scans is in dispute.
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Junaid, Muhammad Rizwan. "The Integration of Knowledge Resources and Logistic Resilience for Effective Disaster Management." Organization Theory Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/otr.0201.02.
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Rapid population growth, changing weather conditions and an increasing number of natural disasters have left human beings more vulnerable and exposed to nature’s onslaught. Disaster Management Organizations (DMOs) need to be more resilient, responsive and effective to counter these natural hazards and should not leave any stone unturned in order to play their pivotal role in rescue, relief and rehabilitation. Organizational knowledge and logistics are two core factors considered most significant in transforming a DMO into a resilient organization that can shoulder its due responsibility in a plausible and desired manner. This paper is an initial attempt that discusses the integration of knowledge resources and logistics to accelerate the process of the said transformation.
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M. İBRAHIM, BAHTİYARİ, and YILMAZ FAZLIHAN. "Investigation of antibacterial properties of wool fabrics dyed with pine cones." Industria Textila 69, no. 05 (November 1, 2018): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.05.1516.
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Fashion and color are the foreground of the case in the first stage of the selection of textile products. That is why coloring in textiles has a great appeal. In particular, natural dyeing, which has caught up with new trends in recent times, has gained importance in this regard. In this study, pine cones were used in dyeing of wool fabrics with the help of five different mordanting agent and also mordant-free dyeings were performed too. Besides, wool fabrics dyed with pine cones have been evaluated in terms of light and washing fastnesses. It was found that different colors and shades can be obtained with the use of different mordanting agents and finally it was observed that pine cones can be used as a natural dye source. Moreover the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed samples were investigated to see the effect of the used natural dye source and the mordanting agents. It was seen that the dyed samples have different antibacterial properties depending on the used mordanting agent and the bacteria tested on.
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Mazabraud. "Historical and Contemporary Use of Natural Stones in the French West Indies. Conservation Aspects and Practices." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174566.
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The French West Indies (F.W.I.), in the Eastern Caribbean, are part of a biodiversity hotspot and an archipelago of very rich geology. In this specific natural environment, the abundance or the lack of various natural resources has influenced society since the pre-Columbian era. The limited size of the islands and the growth of their economy demand a clear assessment of both the natural geoheritage and the historical heritage. This paper presents a brief review of the variety of the natural stone architectural heritage of the F.W.I. and of the available geomaterials. Some conservation issues and threats are evidenced, with particular emphasis on Guadeloupe. Some social practices are also evoked, with the long-term goal of studying the reciprocal influence of local geology and society on conservation aspects. Finally, this paper argues that unawareness is one of the main obstacles for the conservation of the geoheritage and the natural stone architectural heritage in the F.W.I.
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Smith, B. J., M. Gomez-Heras, and S. McCabe. "Understanding the decay of stone-built cultural heritage." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 32, no. 4 (August 2008): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133308098119.
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The problem of the decay and conservation of stone-built heritage is a complex one, requiring input across many disciplines to identify appropriate remedial steps and management strategies. Over the past few decades, earth scientists have brought a unique perspective to this challenging area, drawing on traditions and knowledge obtained from research into landscape development and the natural environment. This paper reviews the crucial themes that have arisen particularly, although not exclusively, from the work of physical geographers — themes that have sought to correct common misconceptions held by the public, as well as those directly engaged in construction and conservation, regarding the nature, causes and controls of building stone decay. It also looks to the future, suggesting how the behaviour of building stones (and hence the work of stone decay scientists) might alter in response to the looming challenge of climate change.
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Žurauskienė, Ramunė, and Marina Valentukevičienė. "Experimental Research on Quality Parameters of Recycled Concrete." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112538.
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Concrete itself, and issues relating to the recycling and management of reinforced concrete waste, are highly relevant, especially when urban expansion is being achieved by increased building construction volumes. This research investigates concrete waste and its (re)usage possibilities and resolves several major issues related to the question of how natural materials can be replaced by compounds made from concrete waste, thereby saving natural resources. The experiment was carried out using concrete mixtures, which were combined with natural aggregates and crushed concrete waste (fraction 4/16). The resulting mix of concrete was achieved using natural aggregates, thus replacing natural aggregates with waste, which had partially and fully replaced bulky aggregates with crushed concrete waste. The main aim of the investigation was to investigate how aggregates made from crushed concrete waste impact the properties of concrete. The exothermic effect on the concrete mixture during the hardening process was investigated. Furthermore, a macrostructural analysis of hardened concrete was conducted using scanned sample images; the adhesion zone between newly formed concrete stone and aggregates derived from natural rock from crushed concrete waste was investigated. Using an electron microscope to observe aggregate from crushed concrete waste and the contact zone of hardened cement stone revealed that the aggregate from waste adheres poorly with hardened cement stone. Furthermore, both the mechanical properties of new, hardened concrete and determined resistance to frost indicators are weak. Concrete density and compression strength decreased (by up to 8% and up to 18%, respectively), and absorption increased almost twofold due to aggregates derived from crushed concrete waste, since their cleavage strength indicator was twice as high, while water absorption was four times higher than that of natural aggregate. The results indicate that recycled concrete obtained from demolished buildings is environmentally sustainable and can be recommended for lower quality concrete for use in related engineering projects.
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Vagnon, Federico, Giovanna Antonella Dino, Gessica Umili, Marilena Cardu, and Anna Maria Ferrero. "New Developments for the Sustainable Exploitation of Ornamental Stone in Carrara Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229374.
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The use of natural stone has historical and environmental value that makes it strategically valuable for landscape conservation in Europe. Marble, among others, is widely spread on Earth, and it offers high-performance features in architectural applications. However, the complexity of these formations and the rock variability in different ore bodies require detailed studies of the natural and induced stress state, the fracturing degree, and the influence of external factor (such as temperature and/or chemical agents) on the mechanical properties in order to optimize the exploitation processes by reducing extractive waste. This article shows a series of studies conducted by the authors over the last 20 years aimed at making the exploitation of marble blocks in the Carrara basin safer, more efficient, and, therefore, more sustainable. In particular, studies for increasing our knowledge of the natural and the induced stress state through on-site measurements and numerical modeling, studies to improve the quality of the exploited material through improvements of cutting technologies, studies to improve the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the material under varying loads and temperature conditions, and studies to improve the reuse of water materials and their reduction are reported.
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Visessri, Supattra, and Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit. "Flood Management in the Context of Climate and Land-Use Changes and Adaptation Within the Chao Phraya River Basin." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0579.
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Floods are a regularly occurring form of natural disaster in Thailand. They commonly occur during the monsoon season. Although the Chao Phraya River basin is strategically important because it accommodates several primary sectors that form the backbone of the Thai economy, it is vulnerable to flooding. The causes of flooding in this basin are both natural and human-induced. Climate and land-use changes are believed to be factors that elevated the severity of recent flood events. In 2011, Thailand suffered the worst floods in half a century; this is ranked as among the top five costliest natural disaster events in modern history. Thailand has developed a number of structural and non-structural measures to prevent devastating flood impacts. This paper reviews the flood management and adaptation measures within the Chao Phraya River basin, serving as a stepping stone towards sustainability.
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Taylor, Richard. "The Potential of Biophilic Fractal Designs to Promote Health and Performance: A Review of Experiments and Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020823.
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Fractal objects are prevalent in natural scenery. Their repetition of patterns at increasingly fine magnifications creates a rich complexity. Fractals displaying mid-range complexity are the most common and include trees, clouds, and mountains. The “fractal fluency” model states that human vision has adapted to process these mid-range fractals with ease. I will first discuss fractal fluency and demonstrate how it enhances the observer’s visual capabilities by focusing on experiments that have important practical consequences for improving the built environment. These enhanced capabilities generate an aesthetic experience and physiological stress reduction. I will discuss strategies for integrating fractals into building designs to induce positive impacts on the observer. Examples include fractal solar panels, fractal window shades, and fractal floor patterns. These applications of fractal fluency represent a fundamental and potentially impactful form of salutogenesis.
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Paliaga, Guido, Fabio Luino, Laura Turconi, Jerome V. De Graff, and Francesco Faccini. "Terraced Landscapes on Portofino Promontory (Italy): Identification, Geo-Hydrological Hazard and Management." Water 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020435.
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Stone wall terraces are a largely investigated topic in research for both their landscape and cultural/historical value. Terraces are anthropogenic landforms that interact with natural processes and need permanent maintenance to preserve their functionality. In the Mediterranean region, ground effects related to intense rain events often involve terraced slopes that, in some situations, are directly sourced areas of debris/mud flow. Starting from the 1950s, the changing socio-economic conditions caused the abandonment of large portions of rural areas. Nowadays, at the catchment scale, it is frequently difficult recognizing stone wall terraces because of their abandonment and the uncontrolled re-vegetation. This research faces the issue of identifying terraces in the Monte di Portofino promontory, which is internationally famous for its high-value natural and landscape involving broad anthropogenic modifications dating back to the Middle Ages. A remote sensing application, with LIDAR data and orthophotography, identified terraces on the Portofino promontory, enabling investigating even barely accessible areas and increasing knowledge on the territory. The aim of this paper is first of all to point out the presence of such anthropogenic morphologies in the promontory of Monte di Portofino and then to asses and highlight the related hazard. In fact, terraces can be a source of debris/hyper-concentrated flow with highly damaging power, as occurred in the recent years in neighboring areas during particularly intense hydrological events. Then, terraced area mapping, including in use and in abandonment information, is crucial to perform a spatial relationship analysis that includes hazard-exposed elements and to evaluate the possible connectivity factor of buildings, infrastructures, tourism facilities and Cultural Heritage within the hydrographical network.
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Asteriou, Eleni, Athanasios Gkoutzourelas, Athanasios Mavropoulos, Christina Katsiari, Lazaros Sakkas, and Dimitrios Bogdanos. "Curcumin for the Management of Periodontitis and Early ACPA-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis: Killing Two Birds with One Stone." Nutrients 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070908.
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We propose curcumin as a preventive measure to avoid/manage periodontitis (PD), and as a natural immunosuppressant for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PD, mainly caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis forming biofilm and leading to tooth decay, is a major public health issue and a risk factor for the development of RA in humans. P. gingivalis is able to trigger experimental autoimmune arthritis in animal models and in humans can induce citrullinated peptides, which not only are a source of anti-citrullinated antibodies (ACPAs), but also participate in autoreactive responses and disease development. Curcumin appears to have efficient anti-bacterial activity against P. gingivalis infection and biofilm formation. In addition to antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory action, curcumin exerts unique immunosuppressant properties via the inhibition of Th17 pro-inflammatory responses and promotion of regulatory T cells, thus suppressing autoimmunity. We introduce curcumin as a natural product for the management of both PD and RA-related autoreactivity, possibly also as a preventive measure in early RA or individuals at high risk to develop RA.
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Debljović Ristić, Nevena, Nenad Šekularac, Dušan Mijović, and Jelena Ivanović Šekularac. "Studenica Marble: Significance, Use, Conservation." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143916.
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Studenica marble is the stone used in creating the mediaeval Serbian cultural heritage. This is a historical overview of the importance and use of stone from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages, when the most imposing religious architectural structures were built. The significance of Studenica marble is particularly manifested in the Virgin’s Church at the Studenica Monastery. For its marble façades and artistic architectural elements, among other things, the church was inscribed in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in 1986. Through centuries, the Virgin’s Church suffered multiple destructions. In order to restore the marble façades properly and its architectural elements, the marble deposits where the stone was once quarried had to be located anew. When the stone material characterisation had been performed, the right stone was selected for the complex conservation works on the churches in Studenica and Sopocani. A practical implementation of the research results raised the awareness of the marble deposits in the Studenica vicinity, being also part of the national heritage. The Studenica Monastery Cultural Landscape Management Plan envisions preservation of the deposits and their sustainable use for restoration purposes in the future.
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KIRAN, SHUMAILA, SHAHID ADEEL, MUHAMMAD SAJJAD YOUSAF, NOMAN HABIB, ATYA HASSAN, MUHAMMAD ABDUL QAYYUM, and MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH. "Green dyeing of microwave treated silk using coconut coir based tannin natural dye." Industria Textila 71, no. 03 (June 28, 2020): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1666.
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The resurgence of natural dyes is gaining fame in textile industry due to eco-friendly nature. The present study was done to investigate the Coconut coir as natural dye (tannin) for silk dyeing under Microwave (MW) treatment following the optimization of experimental parameters. Isolation of colorant was carried out in aqueous, acidic and organic media (methanol) under influence of MW treatment up to 6 minutes. Dyeing of silk was carried out having irradiated and unirradiated extracts. Good colour strength was achieved by dyeing unirradiated silk using methanolic extract under MW treatment for 4 minutes at 75°C. The optimal dyeing was achieved at 75 minutes at pH 8 while keeping fabric liquor ratio 1:25 having 5 g/100 ml table salt as an electrolyte. For development of shades, salts of Al and Fe and Tannic acid were used as pre- and post-chemical mordants and Acacia, Pomegranate, Turmeric and Henna as pre- and post-biomordents. Acacia (6%) as pre-bio mordant and Turmeric (6%) as post-bio mordant considerably improved the colour strength at optimal conditions utilizing irradiated extract of coconut coir (tannin) and un-irradiated silk under MW treatment at 4 minutes. ISO-standard shows good colour fastness and colour strength at optimal conditions using Acacia and Turmeric as bio-mordents. This research work gives information about tannin extracted from Coconut coir has great potential to dye silk fabric to produce reddish-brown colour under the influence of microwave treatment. FTIR spectral study revealed chemical changes in the silk fabric treated with microwave radiations.
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Lai, Chih-Chun, and Ching-Erh Chang. "A Study on Sustainable Design for Indigo Dyeing Color in the Visual Aspect of Clothing." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073686.
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Various colors of clothing originating from synthetic dyes are presently causing serious environmental pollution problems, whereas natural dyes extracted from indigo plants help to reduce harm to the environment and extend the sustainable use of clothing. This study focuses on the difference between indigo dyeing colors and the environment on the basis of sustainable design. This study surveyed 105 postgraduates and college students through repeated measurements of ANOVA. The results reveal that light colors are considered to conform to the sustainable spirit more than dark colors in different indigo shades. In fact, a recyclable light-colored indigo-dyed t-shirt is beneficial due to its reusability. Indigo-dyed fabric can be decomposed by a variety of microorganisms; however, light-colored indigo dyeing takes a shorter amount of time. Light-colored indigo dyeing is more resource-saving when considering dye, water and electricity costs. The results of the relationship between colors and environmental protection provide scheme references to consumers or industries for clothing collocation of different indigo dyeing colors for a series of blue clothing, and carry out the idea of sustainability and co-existence between clothing and natural resources.
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Erdem Ismal, Özlenen, and Leyla Yıldırım. "An overview of faba bean: utilisation of husks in natural dyeing." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2019-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the potential use of faba bean husk as natural dye, to create a color gamut and to observe the effect of different mordants. Dyeing properties of polyamide/elastane fabric using faba been husk were investigated. The effect of alum [KAl(SO4)2], iron II sulfate Fe(SO4)7H2O, tin II chloride (SnCI22H2O), copper II sulfate (CuSO4), citric acid (C6H8O7), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), oxalic acid (H2C2O4), ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2), combination of alum-iron, iron-tin and alum-tin were evaluated in terms of color yield, color coordinates and wash fastness. Design/methodology/approach Mainly, dyeings were conducted in accordance with a simultaneous mordanting method. However, pre-mordanted dyeings were also implemented with selected concentration (0.8 g/L) of metallic mordants to enrich color gamut. Control sample (without mordant) was used as a reference for examining the effect of different mordants. Dyed samples were compared mutually in the light of visual evaluation and color measurements and alternatives to metallic mordants were also assessed. Findings Significant differences occurred in color coordinates of dyed samples. The biggest color difference and completely different color shades were achieved with tin II chloride. The type of acid did not create visible color differences. As alternatives to metallic mordants; all of them may be used instead of alum (0.8 g/L). Tartaric acid and oxalic acid, instead of iron II sulfate (0.2 g/L), and ammonium sulfate (0.2 g/L) and sodium acetate (0.8 g/L), instead of alum (0.8 g/L), can be used. Sodium acetate cannot be replaced with iron. A combination of alum-iron and iron-tin can be the alternative to 0.2 and 0.8 g/L copper, respectively. All the samples provided good wash fastness (4/5) values. Originality/value Valorization of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes as novel natural dye sources is an ecological and sustainable approach. Moreover, the use of man-made fibers in natural dyeing is an issue that needs to be developed and expanded. Few literatures have been found concerning the use of husks of faba bean as a natural colorant. In this initial study, husks of faba been as a vegetable waste were utilized in natural dyeing of polyamide/elastane fabric. It is suggested that this waste can be turned into an economic value through its valorization in natural dyeing.
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Greasley, Jaimie, Shivan Goolcharan, and Roger Andrews. "Quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization of urinary tract calculi with X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis on a Caribbean island." Journal of Applied Crystallography 55, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721011602.
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In the twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago, urinary stone analysis is not routinely performed. This study investigates, via powder X-ray diffraction, 52 urinary tract calculi collected from hospitals in Trinidad. Of these, 46 stones were analysed with Rietveld refinement for quantitative analysis and materials characterization. Refined unit-cell, microstructural and weight fraction parameters were obtained, with the last being used for stone classification. The results revealed seven distinct mineralogical phases of varying frequency: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, 58%), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD, 23%), carbonated apatite (APA, 48%), brushite (BRU, 6%), struvite (STR, 42%), uric acid (UA, 23%) and ammonium acid urate (AAU, 19%). The average refined crystallite sizes were 1352 ± 90 Å (COM), 1921 ± 285 Å (COD), 83 ± 5 Å (APA), 1172 ± 9 Å (BRU), 1843 ± 138 Å (STR), 981 ± 87 Å (UA) and 292 ± 83 Å (AAU). Subsequently, 36.5% of stones were categorized as phosphates, 34.6% as oxalates, 13.5% as uric acid/urates and 15.4% as mixed compositions. The study findings highlight the importance of stone analysis as a necessary step towards disease management of local patients, and endorse the application of Rietveld refinement as a natural extension to diffraction-based kidney stone investigations.
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Shohda, Ahmed M. A., Mahrous A. M. Ali, Gaofeng Ren, Jong-Gwan Kim, Ahmed M. Abdo, Wael R. Abdellah, and Abbas M. Hassan. "Sustainable Assignment of Egyptian Ornamental Stones for Interior and Exterior Building Finishes Using the AHP-TOPSIS Technique." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042453.
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The ornamental stones industry has grown progressively in Egypt as the demand has increased for Egyptian decorative stones in indoor and outdoor building spaces. Choosing the most suitable ornamental stone for each purpose and taking the right decisions related to aesthetic and practical performance can be a challenge causing a lot of confusion for homeowners and contractors. Thus, there is a need to define what decorative style you are trying to achieve in order to properly choose the most suitable decorative stone. In this research, some Egyptian ornamental stones were evaluated by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The optimized AHP–TOPSIS comprehensive decision model was implemented on natural materials relevant to ornaments and the finishing purposes of indoor and outdoor buildings. Ten rock types from four Egyptian sites were studied, examined, and analyzed. According to the quality index scheme, grey granite is an ideal ornamental stone that meets indoor and outdoor purposes. Grey granite and black marble have a performance score (Pi) of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Serpentine and pink granite were ranked third with a Pi = 0.68. These results provide stakeholders with strategic indicators to select different natural ornamental stones based on the total points assigned to all rock specifications and costs.
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Mebratu, Mulugeta Asmamaw, Mulugeta Birhan Nurie, Kinde Gebeyehu Reta, and Tigabu Desie Emiru. "Communities’ awareness on environmental and social impacts of stone quarrying and its associated factors in Farta Woreda, Northwest, Ethiopia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 8, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 2837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.084.2837.
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Stone quarrying has a considerable impact on land, water, air, natural resources, and social welfare. The objective of this study was to assess communities’ awareness of the environmental and social impacts of stone quarrying in Farta woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. The study used a cross-sectional research design. The 359 sample respondents were randomly selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using household surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation methods. A binary logistic regression model was done to identify the independent variables of communities unaware of the impacts of stone quarrying. 62.7% and 57.38% of the surveyed households had aware of the impacts of stone quarrying social and environmental, respectively. Age of households heads from 31 - 40 (AOR = 1.272, 95% CI = (0.598-2.708), from 41 -50 age (AOR = 2.152, 95% CI = (0.947- 4.889), from 51- 65 age (AOR = 3.207, 95% CI = (1.405-7.321), Educational level of household heads, elementary school (1-8) (AOR = 2.985, 95% CI = (1.523-5.852), secondary school and above (AOR = 3.794, 95% CI = (1.841-7.820), Income of household heads from 10000 to 20000 birr (AOR = 2.254, 95% CI = (1.236 - 4.109), Income less than 1000 birr (AOR = 2.493, 95% CI = (1.419 - 4.380) were associated with unaware community on the impact of stone quarry. To solve present and future environmental and social problems, the study woreda Environmental Protection Offices should enhance communities’ awareness through awareness creation and environmental education program.
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Chiu, Ying-Chiao, Po-Han Chen, and Wen-Cheng Liao. "Empirical Study on Weather Resistance of White Artificial Stones in Subtropical Island Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031509.
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White building components, whether decorative or the overall structure, are susceptible to extreme weathering conditions, which affect the durability of the building’s external surface. In particular, white natural stone materials can provide buildings with beauty, durability, and sustainability, but this beauty is affected by key factors determining their weather resistance, namely physical properties such as porosity and acid and alkali resistances. As indicated by a past study, marble used as the exterior wall of a building in a similar environment will exhibit tarnishing after six months of weathering. Taiwan is a subtropical island, so the weather resistance of building materials to this environment is worthy of attention. As pointed out by the study, raw stone materials containing zirconium and silica can have greater weather resistance, do not easily change color, and possess good stress resistance properties. Focusing on this, this study attempted to identify stone materials with such compositions and sent samples to SGS (Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A., New Taipei City, Taiwan) for testing of weather resistance. This paper uses Spanish artificial stones for the study and observes the changes in the surface cleanliness on two buildings in Yilan County and Taipei in Taiwan after exposure to sun and rain. The experiments were conducted over two years. The study results showed that the artificial stones displayed no change in outward appearance under both rainy and acid rain environments. In Yilan, construction of an exterior wall was carried out in February 2018. The exterior wall used the white artificial stone directly from the manufacturer, and the black artificial stone with added paint for stone protection. After two months, the black artificial stone covered with paint exhibited a change in color and stains appeared on the surface, while the white artificial stone not covered with paint maintained the same cleanliness after two years. In Taipei, white Spanish artificial stone was used for the exterior wall of an entire building block in February 2020. After the frame was dismantled in September 2020, the color was found to be unaffected, being as pure white as it was when new. Therefore, this study selected Spanish artificial stone for the design of a building’s exterior wall, as the cleanliness of the stone surface is not affected and it has good applicability in rainy and acid rain island environments.
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NAZAROVA, Zinaida Mikhailovna, Yuriy Vasil’evich ZABAIKIN, Yuliya Anatol’evna LEONIDOVA, and Mikhail Arkad’evich YAKUNIN. "Quality management of mined rock based on the use of mathematical modeling technologies." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 59, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-3-163-175.
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Relevance. Fracturing of the array is one of the main factors in the formation of quality blocks of decorative stone. Systems of natural cracks form a separate rock and determine the shape and size of structural blocks, which determines the possible output of conditioned block products from the array, the choice of the method of preparing the rock for excavation, the location and direction of movement of the mining front in accordance with the nature, intensity and elements of the occurrence of cracks. To control the quality of decorative stone blocks, modeling and forecasting optimal parameters, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of identifying fractures and then determining their geometric parameters using modern digital equipment. Purpose of research is to analyze the quality management of the extracted rock based on the use of mathematical modeling technologies. The methodology of the work consists in using methods of mathematical modeling, as well as statistical data processing. Results. The practical application of the results is to apply the developed methods in order to optimize the quality management system of the extracted rock and increase its efficiency. As a result of practical research, a rational ledge height of 5.8 m has been established for the conditions of the granodiorite Deposit, which allows to ensure the necessary production capacity of the quarry, high productivity of mining equipment, safety of mining operations, minimal economic costs for mining operations, low production costs and minimal losses of block raw materials. Conclusions. The analysis of the complex of mining operations of mining enterprises allows us to make a conclusion about the need to introduce new technologies into production that would ensure the automation of work, increase the reliability of measurement results and calculations. At the same time, automation should be based on the use of remote methods for assessing the quality of decorative stone, new electronic devices and appropriate software.
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Šach, F., V. Švihla, V. Černohous, and P. Kantor. "Management of mountain forests in the hydrology of a landscape, the Czech Republic." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 1 (January 30, 2014): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2013-jfs.
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Forests important from a water-management perspective cover 723,000 ha of the Czech Republic (CR), i.e. 27.6% of the forest area. These forests play an important role especially in a mountain landscape. Forests decrease peak flood flows, compensate water discharge and represent a source of high-quality fresh water. The optimum hydrological function is provided by forests that are healthy, ecologically stable, diversified, proper to site, growing on a good forest soil, managed by small-area felling and emulating natural processes. For mountain sites of the CR, the optimum proportion of Norway spruce (+ Silver fir) ranges from 70 to 80% and of European beech from 20 to 30%. Clear-cuts due to air pollution disasters led to replacement of the forest stand by perennial grassland increasing stormflows and decreasing the soil water supply to groundwater resources and the quality of water discharged from the forest. Skidding and hauling operations and an improperly constructed and maintained road network increased the surface runoff from a forest. Intraskeletal erosion occurs on pollution-disaster stone fields and in dying forest stands on stony sites. Reforestation of stone fields is necessary for the preservation of forests on stony and bouldery localities and their services for the cultural landscape situated below. In mountain headwaters, torrent control and forest amelioration are of great importance. These decrease peak flood flows, compensate water discharge and reduce bed-load and sediment transport. Forest amelioration enables the reforestation of waterlogged pollution-disaster areas.
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Triolo, Stefano, Daniela Campobello, and Maurizio Sarà. "Diurnal habitat suitability for a Mediterranean steppeland bird, identified by Ecological Niche Factor Analysis." Wildlife Research 38, no. 2 (2011): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10185.
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Context The negative effects of agricultural intensification and policies, use of pesticides, fertilisers and mechanised harvesting on several populations of pseudo-steppe birds have increasingly required more detailed and effective habitat suitability models. Distribution models of farmland species are prone to incur recordings of false absence data. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) allows identification of environmental predictors of species distribution by using presence data only. Aims We quantified the diurnal habitat preferences and niche width of one steppe species, the stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus), with unfavourable conservations status in a Mediterranean area and reclassified a map with respect to habitat suitability classes according to the resulting distribution model. Methods Ecological Niche Factor Analysis was used with GIS cartography customised with habitat and anthropogenic variables recorded during field surveys carried out in four study plots (~500 ha) and at different spatial scales. Key results The stone curlew selected areas with low vegetation cover, such as fields following artichoke harvesting and tillage, close to rural buildings and unpaved roads. In contrast, the stone curlew avoided areas with high vegetation cover and areas highly disturbed by human-induced fires. The occurrence of natural vegetation was neither preferred nor avoided. The most robust model was based on a large-scale analysis (200 m from the bird location points), according to which the optimal area for stone curlew distribution during its breeding season was restricted to 1% of the entire study area. Conclusions Two uncorrelated factors, ‘marginality’ and ‘tolerance’, described the stone curlew’s niche in the area. The first index indicated selection for habitats that were marginal with respect to those available in the area, whereas the second indicated a species with a medium–wide environmental niche. In particular, the stone curlew occupied a much more restricted niche (low tolerance) in relation to individual variables. The use of customised databases at a large scale of analysis was found to more effectively reveal ecological requirements of this marginal and specialised species. Implications Our results allowed us to indicate practical land management actions for the stone curlew, such as prevention of human-induced fires and increase of pastoral activities. Our results indicated a potentially positive role of little-disturbed service roads along rural buildings in stone curlew distribution, which warrants further research. In addition, studies are needed to verify the presence of an ecological trap in artichoke fields, their preferred habitat. As we showed for the stone curlew, niche analyses conducted at a large scale using customised databases could greatly improve habitat suitability models of farmland species.
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Harvey, Matt, and Steve Vanderheiden. "‘For the trees have no tongues’: eco-feedback, speech, and the silencing of nature." Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 12 (December 1, 2021): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2021.00.02.
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When Christopher Stone argued for the extension of legal standing to natural objects, he proposed a guardianship model for representing the rights or interests of nonhuman nature. This approach requires that natural objects or systems be able to intelligibly communicate information regarding needs associated with their continued sustainable flourishing. Drawing upon both ‘law beyond the human’ approaches to legal theory and New Materialist theories about nonhuman subjectivity, we conceive of this mode of communication as a political speech act, albeit one that must be interpreted through eco-feedback collected in the study of natural systems rather than directly transmitted from speaker to listener. We then apply this conception of communication to human rights contexts in which efforts to distort or to otherwise manipulate this eco-feedback could be construed as an anti-democratic interference in speech rights, arguing for the extension of such rights to protect against such interference.
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Vittal, K. P. R., S. K. Das, J. C. Katyal, N. Munikrishnaiah, and M. Rajender Reddy. "Soil and water conservation and improved crop management effects on watershed productivity in Andhra Pradesh, India." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 11, no. 1 (March 1996): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006627.
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AbstractSoil and water conservation and improved crop management programs were initiated in 1983 to increase the productivity of a dryland vertisol watershed in the state of Andhra Pradesh in the semi-arid tropical region of India. This was one of 47 model watersheds developed by the Government of India. The integrated program consisted of measures to conserve soil and water, such as a percolation tank, grading, checks, and deep tillage, on which were superimposed improved crop management practices (e.g., cultivars, fertilizers, and timeliness in operations), carried out with the farmers' cooperation and partial payment. All participants were surveyed in 1983, before starting the program, and 1988, after completing the program. The equilibrium water levels in open wells increased about 50 cm, which allowed sugarcane to be introduced. About 10% additional area was reclaimed and cultivated after construction of a diversion dam. Fodder supply improved because of the growth of natural grasses on terraces formed by stone checks in waterways. Soil and water conservation efforts reduced runoff about 26%. Ground cover increased by 38% because of increased cropping intensity, and income per capita grew by 67% per year. Thus, the integrated approach conserved natural resources and improved productivity.
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Wijayanti, Aniek. "Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya." JRAK: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Komputerisasi Akuntansi 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/jrak.v10i1.1642.
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Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.
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Mitchell, Linda M., Margaret E. King, R. P. Aitken, and Jacqueline M. Wallace. "The effect of management history and time of mating on ovulation and lambing rates in mule ewes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028622.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing interest in the development of later lambing systems for crossbred ewes which more closely match ewe nutritional requirements with herbage growth (Stone, 1988; Mitchell, 1990). It has long been recognised however that at extremes of the natural breeding season fecundity is reduced, a possible consequence of seasonal variations in ovulation rate, fertilisation and/or embryo survival (Hammond, 1944). Daylength is the factor which entrains the endogenous rhythm of reproduction in sheep (Donovan, O’Callaghan, Karsh, Boland and Roche, 1992) and daylength changes per se may be responsible for variations in reproductive response throughout the breeding season. Associated environmental and management factors may also be of importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of management history and month of mating on ovulation and lambing rates in Mule ewes.
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Mitchell, Linda M., Margaret E. King, R. P. Aitken, and Jacqueline M. Wallace. "The effect of management history and time of mating on ovulation and lambing rates in mule ewes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200590917.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing interest in the development of later lambing systems for crossbred ewes which more closely match ewe nutritional requirements with herbage growth (Stone, 1988; Mitchell, 1990). It has long been recognised however that at extremes of the natural breeding season fecundity is reduced, a possible consequence of seasonal variations in ovulation rate, fertilisation and/or embryo survival (Hammond, 1944). Daylength is the factor which entrains the endogenous rhythm of reproduction in sheep (Donovan, O’Callaghan, Karsh, Boland and Roche, 1992) and daylength changes per se may be responsible for variations in reproductive response throughout the breeding season. Associated environmental and management factors may also be of importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of management history and month of mating on ovulation and lambing rates in Mule ewes.
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Špulerová, Kruse, Branduini, Centeri, Eiter, Ferrario, Gaillard, et al. "Past, Present and Future of Hay-making Structures in Europe." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205581.
Full textAbstract:
Hay-making structures are part of the agricultural landscape of meadows and pastures. Hay meadows are still used and found all over Europe, but their distribution patterns as well as their characteristics and regional features depend on geographical area, climate, culture, and intensity of agriculture. Intensively used hay meadows are the most dominant, using heavy machinery to store hay mostly as rounded or square bales. Traditional hay-making structures represent structures or constructions, used to quickly dry freshly cut fodder and to protect it from humidity. The ‘ancient’ forms of traditional hay-making structures are becoming a relic, due to mechanisation and the use of new technologies. Both the need for drying hay and the traditional methods for doing so were similar across Europe. Our study of hay-making structures focuses on their current state, their development and history, current use and cultural values in various European countries. Regarding the construction and use of hay-making structures, we have distinguished three different types, which correlate to natural and regional conditions: (1) temporary hay racks of various shapes; (2) hay barracks, a special type of shelters for storing hay and (3) different types of permanent construction and buildings for drying and storing hay. Hay-making structures have been mostly preserved in connection with traditional agricultural landscapes, and particularly in the more remote regions or where associated with strong cultural identity.
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Caneva, Giulia, Maria Rosaria Fidanza, Chiara Tonon, and Sergio Enrico Favero-Longo. "Biodeterioration Patterns and Their Interpretation for Potential Applications to Stone Conservation: A Hypothesis from Allelopathic Inhibitory Effects of Lichens on the Caestia Pyramid (Rome)." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031132.
Full textAbstract:
The colonisation of stone by different organisms often leaves biodeterioration patterns (BPs) on the surfaces even if their presence is no longer detectable. Peculiar weathering patterns on monuments and rocks, such as pitting phenomena, were recognised as a source of information on past colonisers and environmental conditions. The evident inhibition areas for new bio-patinas observed on the marble blocks of the Caestia Pyramid in Rome, recognisable as tracks of previous colonisations, seem a source for developing new natural products suitable for restoration activities. To hypothesise past occurring communities and species, which gave rise to such BPs, we carried out both in situ observations and analyses of the rich historical available iconography (mainly photographs). Moreover, we analysed literature on the lichen species colonising carbonate stones used in Roman sites. Considering morphology, biochemical properties and historical data on 90 lichen species already reported in Latium archaeological sites, we suppose lichen species belonging to the genus Circinaria (Aspicilia s.l.) to be the main aetiological agent of such peculiar BPs. These results seem relevant to highlight the long-lasting allelopathic properties of some lichen substances potentially applicable as a natural product to control colonisation, improving the environmental and economical sustainability of stone restoration.
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Podchashynskyi, Yurii, Oksana Luhovykh, Vitaliy Tsyporenko, and Valentyn Tsyporenko. "Devising a method for measuring the motion parameters of industrial equipment in the quarry using adaptive parameters of a video sequence." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 9 (114) (December 29, 2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248624.
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The method and structural scheme of an information-measuring system for determining the parameters of objects' movements (technological equipment in the quarry for extracting block natural stone) have been proposed. A distinctive feature of time video sequences containing images of measured objects is their adaptation and adjustment in accordance with the intensity of movement and accuracy requirements for measurement results. Structural and software-algorithmic methods were also applied for improving the accuracy of measurements of motion parameters, namely: complexation of two measuring channels and exponential smoothing of digital references. One of the measuring channels is based on a digital video camera, the second is based on an accelerometer mounted on an object and two integrators. Exponential smoothing makes it possible to take into consideration the previous countdowns of movement parameters with weight coefficients. That ensures accounting for the existing patterns of movement of the object and reducing the errors when measuring the parameters of movement by (1.4...1.6) times. The resulting solutions have been implemented in the form of an information and measurement system. The technological process of extracting blocks of natural stone in the quarry was experimentally investigated using a diamond-rope installation. Based on the contactless measurement of motion parameters, it is possible to ensure control over this process and improve the quality of blocks made of natural stone. Based on the experimental study of measurement errors, recommendations were given for the selection of adaptive parameters of a video sequence, namely the size of images and the value of the inter-frame interval. In addition, methods for the software-algorithmic processing of measuring information were selected, specifically exponential smoothing and averaging the coordinates of the contour of an object, measured in 30 adjacent lines of the image
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Son, Su-Won, Pouyan Bagheri, and Jin-Man Kim. "Dynamic Behavior of Ground Improved Using a Crushed Stone Foundation Wall." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102767.
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The improvement of soft clay and dredged soils to carry structures is increasingly important. In this study, the dynamic behavior of a crushed stone foundation wall in clay soil was analyzed using a 1g shaking table test. The response accelerations and spectra for three input ground motions were analyzed relative to the distance from the foundation wall, confirming that the acceleration was damped from the outside. The acceleration according to the distance from the wall was not significant under long-period motions, while different responses were obtained under short-period motions. The increased ground stiffness provided by the crushed stone wall lowered the natural period of the ground, and the acceleration amplification under short-period seismic waves was larger than that under long-period waves. Finally, equations were derived to describe the relationship between the acceleration amplification ratio and distance from the wall. The slopes of the proposed equations are larger under shorter periods, implying that the change in acceleration change with distance from the wall is more significant under shorter periods. The results of this study can be used to inform the design of soft soil improvements and the structures built atop them.
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Garnier, Emmanuel, and Florence Lahournat. "Japanese stone monuments and disaster memory – perspectives for DRR." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 31, no. 6 (January 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2021-0089.
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PurposeThe paper focuses on an aspect of disaster often overlooked by experts: that of disaster memory both as a prevention tool and one potentially contributing to the resilience of vulnerable communities in Japan. The objective is, more specifically, to explore one specific source of disaster memory in Japan, namely the disaster-related stone monuments scattered throughout the archipelago.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the goals, the authors have studied several types of materials. First, the authors have used the “Natural Disaster Monument” online database compiled by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GIS), data upon which the authors based the field research study, focused on water-related disaster in Otsu city (Shiga Prefecture). Simultaneously, the authors have systematically searched Japanese newspapers since the middle of the 19th century as well as the archives of Shiga prefecture in order to collect additional information on the statistical reality of these monuments, the context of their creation and in order to better estimate the severity of our case studies.FindingsFirst, the findings show that stone monuments are indeed structuring elements of disaster memory in Japan. Not only are they present throughout the archipelago, but in addition, they are still for the most part visited by local communities. Second, the findings show how this material culture of disaster, as a vector of disaster memory, could be used as a tool to better understand and bring awareness to the occurrence of specific hazards, especially to future generations.Originality/valueThe authors promote an interdisciplinary approach by associating anthropology and history. The study offers a new and original character about an object of study relating to both the cultural and historical fields but still often neglected as a tool and object of research in DDR. The authors provide a method and suggest ways to integrate these stone monuments into DDR policies. Finally, the authors propose to better integrate these monuments into the overall reflection on disaster awareness and disaster mitigation.