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Journal articles on the topic 'Shade tolerance in trees][Tree growth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Jones, Trevor A., Grant M. Domke, and Sean C. Thomas. "Canopy tree growth responses following selection harvest in seven species varying in shade tolerance." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (2009): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-186.

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We used tree ring measurements to investigate the temporal response of basal area increment (BAI) of canopy trees following selection harvests by sampling across a chronosequence of stands with known harvest dates in tolerant hardwood (Great Lakes – St. Lawrence) stands in central Ontario. Seven tree species of various shade tolerances ranged widely in their responses to reduced competition. The more shade-tolerant species responded more positively: shade-tolerant species showed an average increase in BAI of 35% 4–15 years postharvest compared with 16% for mid-tolerant species and –7.5% for in

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2

Wyckoff, Peter H., and James S. Clark. "Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 1 (2005): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-142.

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We address the relationships between tree growth rate and growing environment for 21 co-occurring species. Tree growth rates are obtained from mapped plots at the Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research site in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We employ high-resolution aerial photography to assess the light environment for trees growing in these plots, using exposed crown area (ECA) as a surrogate for light interception. The relationship between growth and ECA is compared with two other growth predictors: tree size and shade-tolerance classification. We find that ECA is an excellent predictor

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3

Pantic, Damjan, Milan Medarevic, Matthias Dees, et al. "Analysis of the growth characteristics of a 450-year-old silver fir tree." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 1 (2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140919018p.

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The growth characteristics of silver fir are of high importance for selection forest management, and for the current aims laid out in Serbia?s forest management focused on increasing the share of silver firs in Serbia?s growing stock. With the objective of increasing the understanding of the growth characteristics of silver fir, the growth of two silver fir trees felled during forest site production research on Mt. Goc, located in Central Serbia, have been analyzed. Both trees showed significant differences in their growth dynamics over long periods as results of micro-site and micro-stand eff

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4

Baker, Patrick J., and Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin. "Suppression, release and canopy recruitment in five tree species from a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 5 (2006): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003312.

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We used tree-rings to reconstruct long-term patterns of suppression, release and growth among five sympatric canopy tree species representing the full range of shade tolerance in a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand. We expected that the frequency and duration of suppression and release events would be positively correlated with shade tolerance. All five species showed evidence of major and moderate growth releases. As expected, Melia azederach, an extreme heliophile, had the fewest releases. However, among the other species the number of major releases was consistent across the rang

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5

Kobayashi, Kent D., Mary A. Young, David L. Hensley, H. C. Bittenbender, and Julie Ann T. Yogi. "Farmer's Bookshelf: Hypermedia Information System to Recommend Trees for Landscaping." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 652c—652. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.652c.

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A hypermedia information system was developed to recommend trees for landscaping and to obtain information on these individual trees. Using the software HyperCard on the Macintosh computer, we developed a system that uses the idea of index cards with information being stored on separate screens called “cards.” Using a mouse, the user navigates from one card to another by click on a “button” on the card. The user may select from several criteria including tree type, tree height, soil type, drought tolerance, wind tolerance, shade tolerance, salt tolerance, and growth rate. The program then find

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6

Lusk, C. H., K. M. Sendall, and P. J. Clarke. "Seedling growth rates and light requirements of subtropical rainforest trees associated with basaltic and rhyolitic soils." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 1 (2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13262.

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A trade-off between shade tolerance and growth in open conditions is widely believed to underlie the dynamics of humid forests. Little is known about how the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off interacts with other major trade-offs associated with differential adaptation to major environmental factors besides light. We asked whether the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off differed between subtropical rainforest tree assemblages native to basaltic (fertile) and rhyolitic (infertile) soils in northern New South Wales, because of the allocational costs of adaptation to low nutrient availa

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7

Arévalo-Gardini, Enrique, Abel Farfán, Fiorella Barraza, et al. "Growth, Physiological, Nutrient-Uptake-Efficiency and Shade-Tolerance Responses of Cacao Genotypes under Different Shades." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (2021): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081536.

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Cacao is an understory plant cultivated in full-sun monocultures, multistrata agroforestry systems, where cacao trees are planted together with fruit, timber, firewood, and leguminous trees, or within thinned native forests. In agroforestry systems of cultivation, cacao is subjected to excess shade due to high density, excess growth, and the unmanaged pruning of shade trees. Cacao is tolerant to shade, and the maximum photosynthetic rate occurs at an irradiance of around 400 μmol m−2 s−1. However, excess shade further reduces the irradiance, which is detrimental to photosynthesis and growth fu

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8

Sherich, Kelsey, Amy Pocewicz, and Penelope Morgan. "Canopy characteristics and growth rates of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir at long-established forest edges." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 11 (2007): 2096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-105.

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Trees respond to edge-to-interior microclimate differences in fragmented forests. To better understand tree physiological responses to fragmentation, we measured ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws) and Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) leaf area, crown ratios, sapwood area, basal area (BA) growth rates, and BA growth efficiency at 23 long-established (>50 year) forest edges in northern Idaho. Trees located at forest edges had more leaf area, deeper crowns, higher BA growth rates, and more sapwood area at breast height than interior trees. Ponderos

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9

DeMeo, Robin A., and Thomas E. Marler. "Growth, Morphology, and Physiology of Intsia bijuga Trees Under Varied Light Conditions." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 480c—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.480c.

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Six studies were conducted with Intsia bijuga seedlings to determine the methods and extent of shade tolerance for this species. Growth differences were minimal among plants receiving varied light exposure, although treatments ranged from 19% to 100% sunlight exposure. Light saturated photosynthesis of leaves on plants receiving 24% sunlight was achieved at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of about one-fourth of that for the leaves on plants receiving 100% sunlight exposure. However, photosynthesis under conditions of extremely low PPF was higher for shade-grown plants than for full-sun plan

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10

Hawkins, Ashley E., and Terry W. Henkel. "Native forest pathogens facilitate persistence of Douglas-fir in old-growth forests of northwestern California." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 6 (2011): 1256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-053.

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Forest pathogens and insects can accelerate tree mortality, increase stand structural heterogeneity, and alter tree community composition. In northern California, the canopy trees Abies concolor var. lowiana (Gord. & Glend.) Lemmon (white fir) and Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Douglas-fir) co-occur but vary in shade tolerance and regenerative abilities following disturbance. Field observations suggested that mortality and turnover of white fir exceeded that of Douglas-fir and that native pathogens may be important drivers in the absence of fire. Pathogens and bark b

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11

Bazzaz, F. A., J. S. Coleman, and S. R. Morse. "Growth responses of seven major co-occurring tree species of the northeastern United States to elevated CO2." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (1990): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-195.

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We examined how elevated CO2 affected the growth of seven co-occurring tree species: American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr). We also tested whether the degree of shade tolerance of species and the age of seedlings affected plant responses to enhanced CO2 levels. Seedlings that were at least 1 year old, for all species except beech, were removed while dormant from Harvard Forest,

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12

Lehnebach, Romain, Julie Bossu, Stéphanie Va, et al. "Wood Density Variations of Legume Trees in French Guiana along the Shade Tolerance Continuum: Heartwood Effects on Radial Patterns and Gradients." Forests 10, no. 2 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020080.

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Increasing or decreasing wood density (WD) from pith to bark is commonly observed in tropical tree species. The different types of WD radial variations, long been considered to depict the diversity of growth and mechanical strategies among forest guilds (heliophilic vs. shade-tolerant), were never analyzed in the light of heartwood (HW) formation. Yet, the additional mass of chemical extractives associated to HW formation increases WD and might affect both WD radial gradient (i.e., the slope of the relation between WD and radial distance) and pattern (i.e., linear or nonlinear variation). We s

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13

Thompson, WA, GC Stocker, and PE Kriedemann. "Growth and Photosynthetic Response to Light and Nutrients of Flindersia brayleyana F. Muell., A Rainforest Tree With Broad Tolerance to Sun and Shade." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 2 (1988): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880299.

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Seed from four species of rainforest trees with widely contrasting sunlight requirements for growth and development were sown within disturbance gaps amidst mature forest on the Herberton Range in North Queensland. Observations on seedling persistence plus comparative growth of young trees of Acacia aulacocarpa, Toona australis, Flindersia brayleyana and Darlingia darlingiana (species ranked according to adaptation from full sun to deep shade) confirmed a broad tolerance of Flindersia to sunlight under all conditions, from wide to narrow gaps (minimum 0.6% full sun equivalent). Photosynthetic

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14

Khurana, E., and J. S. Singh. "Impact of life-history traits on response of seedlings of five tree species of tropical dry forest to shade." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (2006): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003518.

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Seedling growth under three shade levels was studied at Varanasi, India, for five tree species of tropical dry forest, which differed in life-history traits. Three of these were small-seeded pioneer (Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica and Phyllanthus emblica) and the other two were large-seeded non-pioneer (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia chebula) species. Seedlings of all the species were subjected to three light levels (80–100%, 20–30% and 3–7% of full sunlight) comparable to sunlit gaps and shaded microsites in the dry forest. After 4 mo of shade treatment, height, basal area, biomass and ot

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15

Avalos, Gerardo. "Shade tolerance within the context of the successional process in tropical rain forests." Revista de Biología Tropical 67, no. 2SUPL (2019): S53—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i2supl.37206.

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Shade tolerance (the capacity to survive and grow over long periods under shade) is a key component of plant fitness and the foundation of current theories of forest succession in tropical rain forests. It serves as a paradigm to understand the optimal allocation of limited resources under dynamic light regimes. I analyze how tropical rain forest succession influences the expression of ecophysiological mechanisms leading to shade tolerance, and identify future areas that will increase our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this phenomenon. Shade tolerance is a mul

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16

Frelich, Lee E., and Peter B. Reich. "Perspectives on development of definitions and values related to old-growth forests." Environmental Reviews 11, S1 (2003): S9—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-011.

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Old-growth forests are those that meet some threshold(s) determined by a scientific and political process. The main issue is what criteria to use to determine these thresholds; they must be practical enough to allow managers to delimit and manage old-growth stands in the field. People value forests with old and (or) big trees and primary forests that have a continuous heritage of natural disturbance and regeneration, even though the latter may include all stages of stand development and succession. We advocate uniting these two and using "primary forest", also called "natural heritage forest",

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17

Thomas, Sean C. "Biochar effects on germination and radicle extension in temperate tree seedlings under field conditions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 1 (2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0386.

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Pyrolyzed organic matter, or biochar, generally increases the growth of established plants; in some cases, biochar also promotes seed germination in agricultural species, but comparable effects on tree species have received little attention. Potential biochar effects on seed germination and early seedling development were examined in a field experiment involving 14 species of temperate forest trees. Replicated sets of seeds with and without biochar (at 5 t·ha–1) were placed in mesh bags beneath leaf litter near the time of autumnal leaf fall and retrieved the following spring. Pooled analyses

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18

ORTIZ, Daniel, Flavio MORENO, and Maria Claudia DÍEZ. "Photosynthesis, growth, and survival in seedlings of four tropical fruit-tree species under intense radiation." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202000752.

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ABSTRACT In the Amazon region, agroforestry systems (AFSs) are recommended as a sustainable production alternative for local communities. A common component in Amazonian AFSs are tropical fruit trees, which can form the canopy or grow in the understory. In this study, we evaluated the effect of high radiation on photosynthesis, growth and seedling survival of four Amazonian fruit-tree species: Theobroma cacao, Eugenia stipitata, Inga edulis and Psidium guajava. Growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, and leaf pigments were measured in seedlings of each species grown for 12 months insid

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19

Lee, Thomas D., Audrey L. Perkins, Andrew S. Campbell, et al. "Incipient Invasion of Urban and Forest Habitats in New Hampshire, USA, by the Nonnative Tree, Kalopanax septemlobus." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 2 (2015): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00047.1.

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We analyzed the recent (< 25 yr) spread in New Hampshire, USA, of the exotic tree Kalopanax septemlobus, native to Asia. The invasion was likely initiated by a single tree planted ca. 1972. Our objective was to assess the viability of the invasion, especially in light of the small propagule size. We tallied, mapped, aged, and measured the height and growth of K. septemlobus individuals at two sites, the University of New Hampshire campus (UC) and Thompson Farm (TF), both in Durham. We found over 3,800 plants at UC and 270 at TF in < 120 ha (296 ac) total area. Plant age ranged from 0 to

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20

Woods, Kerry D. "Living long by staying small: stem layering as an adaptive life-history trait in shade-tolerant tree seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 3 (2008): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-136.

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Suppressed seedling banks are important in replacement dynamics in late-successional forests. However, demographic properties of seedling populations are poorly known, and there has been little attention to traits that might affect fitness in suppressed seedlings. Acer saccharum Marsh., a shade-tolerant dominant in eastern North American forests, frequently develops adventitious roots along prostrate portions of stems (“layering”). Measurements of Acer seedlings in old-growth forests in Michigan indicate that layered seedlings proportionally reduce structural allocations to older layered stem

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21

Syvertsen, James P., Juan C. Melgar, and Francisco García-Sánchez. "Salinity Tolerance and Leaf Water Use Efficiency in Citrus." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 135, no. 1 (2010): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.135.1.33.

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In three separate experiments, the growth and water use of salinized citrus rootstock seedlings and grafted trees were modified using different growth substrates, elevated CO2, or 50% shade screen under field conditions. By reanalyzing previously published data, we tested the hypothesis that salinity tolerance in citrus can be characterized as the ability to maintain low levels of leaf Cl− accumulation through high plant growth and high water use efficiency (WUE) under saline conditions. Well-irrigated salinized seedlings of the relatively salt-sensitive Carrizo citrange [Carr (Citrus sinensis

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Thompson, WA, PE Kriedemann, and IE Craig. "Photosynthetic Response to Light and Nutrients in Sun-Tolerant and Shade-Tolerant Rainforest Trees. I. Growth, Leaf Anatomy and Nutrient Content." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 1 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920001.

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Seedling trees of Argyrodendron sp., A. trifoliolaturn, Flindersia brayleyana and Toona australis were grown for c. 180 days under one of three light regimes with either of two nutrient levels (6 treatments in all). Light regimes spanned the range of environmental conditions which these species would normally experience in northern Queensland rainforest: deep shade (1.3 mol quanta m-2 day-1, equivalent to forest floor), moderate light (5.6 mol quanta m-2 day-1, comparable to midcanopy), and strong light (23 mol quanta m-2 day-1, matching daily irradiance of exposed crowns). Long-term shade tol

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23

Rodríguez-Calcerrada, Jesús, Roberto L. Salomón, Guillermo G. Gordaliza, et al. "Respiratory costs of producing and maintaining stem biomass in eight co-occurring tree species." Tree Physiology 39, no. 11 (2019): 1838–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz069.

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AbstractGiven the importance of carbon allocation for plant performance and fitness, it is expected that competition and abiotic stress influence respiratory costs associated with stem wood biomass production and maintenance. In this study, stem respiration (R) was measured together with stem diameter increment in adult trees of eight co-occurring species in a sub-Mediterranean forest stand for 2 years. We estimated growth R (Rg), maintenance R (Rm) and the growth respiration coefficient (GRC) using two gas exchange methods: (i) estimating Rg as the product of growth and GRC (then Rm as R minu

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Canham, Charles D., Adrien C. Finzi, Stephen W. Pacala, and Diane H. Burbank. "Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 2 (1994): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-046.

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We have analyzed the light transmission characteristics of the nine deciduous and coniferous species that dominate the transition oak–northern hardwood forests of southern New England. Maximum likelihood techniques were used to estimate species-specific light extinction coefficients, using fish-eye photography combined with data on the locations and geometry of trees in the neighborhood around each photo point. Quantum sensors were also used to quantify interspecific variation in the importance of sunflecks and beam enrichment. Variation in light extinction was closely correlated with shade to

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25

Nischwitz, C., and G. Newcombe. "First Report of Powdery Mildew (Sawadaea bicornis) on Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) in North America." Plant Disease 87, no. 4 (2003): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.4.451a.

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Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) was introduced into the continental United States around 1756 as a street tree (2). It is a widely planted shade tree in the northern United States and Canada due to its fast growth rate when young and its tolerance of pavement and dry soils. Powdery mildew is common on Norway maple in Europe with records from at least 22 countries according to the databases of the U.S. National Fungus Collections. However, there are no North American records. In September 2002, powdery mildew was observed on young Norway maple trees along the Idaho-Washington border in Mosco

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Silveira, Gleydson Vinicius, Alan Cauê Holanda, Allyson Rocha Alves, Françóyse Dávilla Silva, and João Lucas Oliveira. "DEVELOPMENT OF Tabebuia aurea AND Anadenanthera macrocarpa UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SHADING." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (November 26, 2020): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.8857.

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The efficiency in the initial growth of trees can be related to the ability of the seedlings in adapting to different light intensites in the enviroment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different levels of shading in the initial growth of Tabebuia aurea and Angico (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) in the nursery phase. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Semiárido located in Mossoró-RN. The seeds of A. macrocarpa and T. aurea were collected from parent trees and donated by the Caatinga/ UFERSA / Petrobras Project, where, afterwards, they were pr

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Kunstler, Georges, David A. Coomes, and Charles D. Canham. "Size-dependence of growth and mortality influence the shade tolerance of trees in a lowland temperate rain forest." Journal of Ecology 97, no. 4 (2009): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01482.x.

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St-Gelais, Vincent, Martin Béland, and Nelson Thiffault. "Exploring the potential of two-aged white spruce plantations for the production of sawlog volume with simulations using SORTIE-ND." Reforesta, no. 10 (December 30, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.10.02.85.

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The main objective for even-aged plantation (EAP) management of producing sawlog material has driven practices towards low initial planting densities and lower post thinning densities. For semi-shade tolerant species, the resulting stand density potentially leaves enough growing space for the introduction of a second cohort of trees in the understory, making it a two-aged plantation (TAP). TAP could have many silvicultural benefits, especially in sensitive areas where intensive treatments associated with EAP are incompatible with local management objectives. White spruce (Picea glauca) is a go

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Sendall, Kerrie M., Christopher H. Lusk, and Peter B. Reich. "Trade‐offs in juvenile growth potential vs. shade tolerance among subtropical rain forest trees on soils of contrasting fertility." Functional Ecology 30, no. 6 (2015): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12573.

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SHEIL, DOUGLAS, STEPHEN JENNINGS, and PETER SAVILL. "Long-term permanent plot observations of vegetation dynamics in Budongo, a Ugandan rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (2000): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001723.

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Species composition and turnover that have occurred in a series of permanent sample plots established during the 1930s and 1940s in Budongo, a semi-deciduous Ugandan forest, are reported. The plots were established as part of a sequence first used to describe forest succession, five of which have been maintained and which were last measured in 1992-1993. One plot (plot 7) provides 53 y of data from old-growth pristine forest. Plot 15 was established in wooded grassland at the forest edge and is now closed high forest. Evaluation of the remaining three plots is complicated by silvicultural inte

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Dyer, Jacob H., Stith T. Gower, Jodi A. Forrester, Craig G. Lorimer, David J. Mladenoff, and Julia I. Burton. "Effects of selective tree harvests on aboveground biomass and net primary productivity of a second-growth northern hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 12 (2010): 2360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-184.

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Restoring structural features of old-growth forests, such as increased canopy gap sizes and coarse woody debris, is a common management goal for second-growth, even-aged stands. We experimentally manipulated forest structure by creating variable-size canopy gaps in a second-growth northern hardwood forest in north-central Wisconsin following two growing seasons of pre-treatment monitoring. The objectives of this study were to quantify the influence of canopy gaps of different sizes (50–380 m2) on aboveground biomass and productivity of each vegetation stratum two growing seasons following trea

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Ibáñez, Inés, and Sarah McCarthy-Neumann. "Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on tree seedling growth: quantifying the parasitism–mutualism transition along a light gradient." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 1 (2016): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0327.

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Mycorrhizal fungi colonize tree seedlings shortly after germination, and the nature of this relationship (mutualistic to parasitic) has been reported to vary as a function of resources; however, this transition has rarely been quantified. Using a light gradient, we grew seedlings of eight tree species in soils that were cultivated by several co-existing species of trees. We used data on root mycorrhizal fungi to quantify colonization along the gradient of light. We then analyzed plant growth as a function of both the light gradient and the extent of mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal fungi

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Kenefic, Laura S., John M. Kabrick, Benjamin O. Knapp, et al. "Mixedwood silviculture in North America: the science and art of managing for complex, multi-species temperate forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 7 (2021): 921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0410.

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Temperate mixedwoods (hardwood–softwood mixtures) in central and eastern United States and Canada can be classified into two overarching categories: those with shade-tolerant softwoods maintained by light to moderate disturbances and those with shade-intolerant to mid-tolerant softwoods maintained by moderate to severe disturbances. The former includes red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), or eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) in mixture with northern hardwood species; the latter includes pine (Pinus) – oak (Quercus) mixtures. Such forests have des

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Uemura, Shigeru. "Patterns of leaf phenology in forest understory." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (1994): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-055.

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Foliar phenologies of forest understory plants were categorized, and the distribution pattern of leaf habit was examined among different forest environments. Various patterns of foliar phenology were found, especially in herbaceous plants. In addition to the seasonal light regime controlled by the phenology of canopy trees, differences in the length of period with snow cover led to the divergence. Perennial-leaved plants predominate in intensely shaded habitats while annual-leaved plants are more abundant in less shaded habitats. The shade tolerance of perenniel-leaved plants can be considered

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Newbery, D. M., D. N. Kennedy, G. H. Petol, L. Madani, and C. E. Ridsdale. "Primary forest dynamics in lowland dipterocarp forest at Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia, and the role of the understorey." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1391 (1999): 1763–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0519.

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Changes in species composition in two 4–ha plots of lowland dipterocarp rainforest at Danum, Sabah, were measured over ten years (1986 to 1996) for trees greater than or equal to 10 cm girth at breast height (gbh). Each included a lower–slope to ridge gradient. The period lay between two drought events of moderate intensity but the forest showed no large lasting responses, suggesting that its species were well adapted to this regime. Mortality and recruitment rates were not unusual in global or regional comparisons. The forest continued to aggrade from its relatively (for Sabah) low basal area

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Gedalof, Ze’ev, and Jennifer Franks. "Stand Structure and Composition Affect the Drought Sensitivity of Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook.) and Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)." Forests 10, no. 5 (2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050381.

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Due to a suite of environmental changes, Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook; called Gary oak in Canada) associated ecosystems at many North American sites are being encroached upon by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) and other conifer species. Alteration of stand structure and composition is causing substantial changes in the dynamics of these ecosystems, creating an environment in which Oregon white oak is not thriving. In this study we used dendrochronology to investigate the competitive dynamics between Oregon white oak and Douglas-fir in a m

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Robakowski, Piotr, Tomasz P. Wyka, Wojciech Kowalkowski, et al. "Practical Implications of Different Phenotypic and Molecular Responses of Evergreen Conifer and Broadleaf Deciduous Forest Tree Species to Regulated Water Deficit in a Container Nursery." Forests 11, no. 9 (2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091011.

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Recent climatic changes have resulted in an increased frequency and prolonged periods of drought and strained water resources affecting plant production. We explored the possibility of reducing irrigation in a container nursery and studied the growth responses of seedlings of four economically important forest trees: broadleaf deciduous angiosperms Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., and evergreen conifers Abies alba Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. We also studied markers of water stress including modifications of biomass allocation, leaf anatomy, proline accumulation, and expres

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CARR, M. K. V. "THE WATER RELATIONS OF RUBBER (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS): A REVIEW." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2011): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000901.

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SUMMARYThe results of research done on water relations of rubber are collated and summarised in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to crop management practices. Background information is given on the centres of origin (Amazon Basin) and production of rubber (humid tropics; south-east Asia), but the crop is now being grown in drier regions. The effects of water stress on the development processes of the crop are summarised, followed by reviews of its water relations, water requirements and water productivity. The majority of the recent research published in the internatio

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Drever, C. Ronnie, and Kenneth P. Lertzman. "Light-growth responses of coastal Douglas-fir and western redcedar saplings under different regimes of soil moisture and nutrients." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 12 (2001): 2124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-149.

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We characterized the radial and height growth response to light for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) saplings growing in sites of different regimes of soil moisture and nutrients on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We determined that at low light levels, site quality has little effect on the growth response of Douglas-fir saplings. At light levels above approximately 40 and 60% full sun, Douglas-fir saplings show statistically significant differences in height and radial growth, re

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Niinemets, Ülo. "Growth of Young Trees of Acer platanoides and Quercus robur Along a Gap- Understory Continuum: Interrelationships between Allometry, Biomass Partitioning, Nitrogen, and Shade Tolerance." International Journal of Plant Sciences 159, no. 2 (1998): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297553.

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Fajvan, Mary Ann, and Robert S. Seymour. "Canopy stratification, age structure, and development of multicohort stands of eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, and red spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 9 (1993): 1799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-228.

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The causes of canopy stratification were investigated in five mixed stands of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr.), and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) in eastern Maine. All species were present in all crown classes; however, there was a clear pattern of pine dominance and eventual emergence. Red spruce was prevalent in the middle stratum, and hemlock most common in the lower strata. Canopy stratification was caused by interspecific differences in shade tolerance and height growth, and by multicohort structures. The multicohort structures developed as a result of e

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Cain, Michael D., and Michael G. Shelton. "Thirty-eight years of autogenic, woody understory dynamics in a mature, temperate pine–oak forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 12 (1995): 1997–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-216.

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In 1935, 32 ha of a pine–hardwood forest were set aside from future timber management in southern Arkansas, U.S.A. Old-growth timber had been cut to a 36-cm stump diameter before 1915. Between 1952 and 1993, four inventories were made of the overstory and midstory components (number of live trees ≥9 cm in diameter breast height (DBH) taken at 1.37 m, by 2.54-cm DBH classes). Between 1954 and 1992, four corresponding inventories were made of the woody understory vegetation (>15 cm tall but <9 cm DBH) by counting rootstocks within 52 systematically spaced 8-m2 circular quadrats. Understory

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Ntawuhiganayo, Elisée Bahati, Félicien K. Uwizeye, Etienne Zibera, et al. "Traits controlling shade tolerance in tropical montane trees." Tree Physiology 40, no. 2 (2019): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz119.

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Abstract Tropical canopies are complex, with multiple canopy layers and pronounced gap dynamics contributing to their high species diversity and productivity. An important reason for this complexity is the large variation in shade tolerance among different tree species. At present, we lack a clear understanding of which plant traits control this variation, e.g., regarding the relative contributions of whole-plant versus leaf traits or structural versus physiological traits. We investigated a broad range of traits in six tropical montane rainforest tree species with different degrees of shade t

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Liu, Guofan, and Kent D. Kobayashi. "249 Shading Effects on Vegetative Growth and Fruiting of Coffee." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 485B—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.485b.

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A shade experiment for pruned coffee trees was conducted on Maui, Hawaii, in 1996. Nine-year-old `Guadalupe' trees were stumped at 70 cm above the ground, and three main verticals were allowed to remain on the main trunk. Each stumped tree was randomly selected and covered with shade cloth. The shade cloths were 30%, 50%, and 70% shade, and each shade structure had a length × width × height of 1.5 × 1.5 × 2.5 m. Data were collected in 1997. In general, the basal diameters of the verticals were similar in all treatments, as were the lengths of the verticals. The total number of laterals in the

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Silva Neto, Francisco José da, Leila Bonfanti, Rodrigo Gazaffi, and Anastácia Fontanetti. "EFFECTS OF SHADE TREE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE OF COFFEE TREES." Coffee Science 14, no. 3 (2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i3.1584.

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The use of shade trees in coffee fields have been motivated by climatic changes. However, microclimatic conditions in shaded coffee fields differ due to shade tree spatial distribution and species, altering physiological responses of coffee trees. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of shade tree spatial distribution and species on coffee trees photosynthetic rate in two growth seasons, of high (HSD) and low (LSD) sink demand. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates in split-split-plots. Plots were the shade tree species: <em>Anadenanthera falcat

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Feng, Jiayi, Kangning Zhao, Dong He, et al. "Comparing shade tolerance measures of woody forest species." PeerJ 6 (October 9, 2018): e5736. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5736.

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Shade tolerance, the minimum light requirement for plant survival, is a key trait for understanding community assembly and forest dynamics. However, it is poorly defined for tree species to date. Current methods of measuring shade tolerance vary considerably in their performance. For instance, some measures of shade tolerance are unreliable except under some specific conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the performance of these methods to provide guidance of choosing appropriate shade tolerance measures in future studies. We collected a large dataset of light traits and other life

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Rahman, MA, ZR Moni, MA Rahman, and S. Nasreen. "Investigation of Shade Tree Species Used in Tea Garden in Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 18, no. 1 (2020): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i1.48395.

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The shade trees are an integral component of tea cultivation in Bangladesh. The shade trees are essential for modulating the environment of the tea ecosystem, enriching the soil fertility, reducing temperature and the evaporative capacity, conserve soil moisture and helps in the control of certain pests and diseases which are positively thermotropic in nature. The shade trees provide partial shade to the tea plants, which is important for improving the quality of the tea leaf. The right type of shade trees and their proper management is a prerequisite for successful tea crop growing. For this

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Lieberman, Diana, Milton Lieberman, Gary Hartshorn, and Rodolfo Peralta. "Growth rates and age-size relationships of tropical wet forest trees in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 1, no. 2 (1985): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000016x.

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ABSTRACTDiameter growth rates and age-size relationships are reported for 45 abundant tree species and one liana in tropical wet forest at La Selva, Costa Rica. Thirteen-year increments in each species were analysed using growth simulation, a stochastic technique which projects growth trajectories.Median growth rates ranged from 0.35 mm yr-1 (Anaxagorea crassipetala) to 13.41 mm yr-1) (Stryphnodendron excelsum). Maximum ranges ranged from 0.95 mm yr-1 (Quararibea brac-teolosa) to 14.62 mm yr-1 (Hernandia didymanthera). Minimum rates ranged from zero growth (Capparis pittieri, Colubrina spinosa

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Lin, Jie, Paul A. Harcombe, and Mark R. Fulton. "Characterizing shade tolerance by the relationship between mortality and growth in tree saplings in a southeastern Texas forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 2 (2001): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-157.

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We investigated the relationship between shade tolerance and sapling mortality using data collected over 15 years in a mesic forest in southeastern Texas. Seven species representing a range of shade-tolerance classes were included in the study. We used survival analysis to estimate species-specific sapling mortality risk (hazard) as a function of recent growth. We found that shade-intolerant species had higher mortality risk at zero growth than shade-tolerant species. The results strongly support the point that shade tolerance can be characterized by the relationship between sapling mortality

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Williams, J. David, Charles H. Gilliam, Gary J. Keever, and John Owens. "The Auburn University Shade Tree Evaluation: Its Roots and Fruit." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 566D—566c. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.566d.

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Auburn Univ.'s shade tree evaluation is an ongoing study comparing a moderately diverse range of species, varieties and cultivars of larger-growing trees. Initiated in 1980, there were 250 tree selections planted in three replications located at the Piedmont Substation near Camp Hill, Ala. Among the published “fruits” of the evaluation have been critical comparisons of 10 Acer rubrum selections with respect to growth and fall color characteristics; growth rate and aesthetic characteristics of fourteen Quercus selections; growth and fireblight susceptibility of 10 Pyrus calleryana selections; a

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