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Al-Shenawa, Amaal Abdallah Ali. "Effectiveness of Fillers for Corrosion Protection of AISI-SAE 1018 Steel in Sea Salt Solution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984141/.
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Corrosion represents the single most frequent cause for product replacement or loss of product functionality with a 5% coat to the industrial revenue generation of any country in this dissertation the efficacy of using filled coatings as a protection coating are investigated. Fillers disrupt the polymer-substrate coating interfacial area and lead to poor adhesion. Conflicting benefits of increasing surface hardness and corrosion with long term durability through loss of adhesion to the substrate are investigated. The effects of filler type, filler concentration and exposure to harsh environments such as supercritical carbon dioxide on salt water corrosion are systematically investigated. The constants maintained in the design of experiments were the substrate, AISI-SAE 1018 steel substrate, and the corrosive fluid synthetic sea salt solution (4.2 wt%) and the polymer, Bismaleimide (BMI). Adhesion strength through pull-off, lap shear and shear peel tests were determined. Corrosion using Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted. Vickers hardness was used to determine mechanical strength of the coatings. SEM and optical microscopy were used to examine dispersion and coating integrity. A comparison of fillers such as alumina, silica, hexagonal boron nitride, and organophilic montmorillonite clay (OMMT) at different concentrations revealed OMMT to be most effective with the least decrease in adhesion from filler-substrate contact. Subsequently examining filler concentration, a 3 wt% OMMT was found to be most effective. A comparison of unmodified and modified BMI with 3 wt% OMMT exposed and not exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide showed that the BMI provided better corrosion protection; however, OMMT provided better wear, shear, and hardness performance.
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Tejada, Estay Walter Matías. "Análisis Dinámico de Molino SAG." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103662.
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El principal objetivo del presente trabajo de título es evaluar, mediante simulación, la respuesta dinámica de un molino tipo SAG con motor de anillo, en distintas situaciones operacionales. La tarea fue desarrollada bajo condiciones lineales de rigidez y el método de elementos finitos, utilizando la plataforma computacional ANSYS. En particular, se buscó la caracterización de los puntos críticos del equipo, tanto en el plano estructural como dinámico, es decir, fueron definidas las combinaciones de variables mecánicas, como deformaciones, esfuerzos, rigideces, velocidades de rotación del molino, frecuencias naturales y modos normales, que en conjunto denotan potenciales anomalías operacionales o fallas, con un enfoque especial en la variación del espacio de aire presente entre el estator y el rotor del equipo. Para esto se efectuó un análisis estructural, de rigidez, modal y finalmente un análisis de colapso de entrehierro. Paralelamente fue planteada una metodología de análisis clara y reproducible, mediante un protocolo de etapas e implementaciones técnicas utilizadas.
La importancia de la realización de un análisis de estas características, se funda en la reducida oferta que este tipo de estudios posee a nivel mundial y la presente situación de la industria minera nacional, en donde un número considerable de molinos SAG con motor tipo anillo, ha sufrido fallas en su operación.
El principal fenómeno mecánico estudiado en este trabajo son los denominados esfuerzos radiales excéntricos, generados por la interacción magnética entre el rotor y el estator del molino. Los factores predominantes en la existencia de estos esfuerzos, son inevitables fallas de montaje del equipo y las deformaciones que este sufre en operación. Éste último factor se refiere directamente a la magnitud de la rigidez global del sistema y a la de sus componentes.
Los resultados finales del trabajo mostraron una disminución del 51% de la rigidez horizontal global respecto de la vertical. Particularmente se observa una notable asimetría de la rigidez del estator e importantes deformaciones. En términos cuasi-estáticos el espacio de aire estator-rotor no alcanza variaciones alarmantes, sin embargo, incorporando los resultados obtenidos en el análisis modal, existen dos modos normales del sistema (#4 y #5) que perjudican notablemente esta dimensión, cuyas frecuencias naturales se encuentran cercanas a dos fuentes excitatorias del sistema, en condiciones nominales de operación.
Se concluye que los puntos críticos del equipo están directamente relacionados con dos modos normales del sistema, los que alteran directamente el espacio de aire estator-rotor. Especial énfasis como potencial de falla se le entrega al modo #5, dada su reducida capacidad de amortiguamiento. En términos estructurales el protagonista de las mayores debilidades y asimetrías en su rigidez, es el estator. Sin pretender asegurar que estas son las causas de las fallas de los equipos en faena, se pretende acotar el problema y establecer estos focos críticos como hipótesis de estudios de mayor complejidad. En términos generales, también se concluye que la simulación es una herramienta potente, que en buen uso, entrega información valiosa en estudios ingenieriles.
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Vallejo, Abigail. "Inhibition of SAA-mediated inflammation." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23011.
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The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is a biomarker for acute inflammation, however there is growing evidence to suggest that this protein has bioactivity that contributes to the inflammatory process in disease states such as atherosclerosis whereby endothelial dysfunction is initiated. The data generated in this thesis shows that SAA can elicit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), tissue factor (TF), interleukin-6 from human endothelial cell lines. The downstream molecular pathways of SAA is a well-characterised series of pro-inflammatory mediators involving the canonical transcription factor NFкB. pathways involving the canonical transcription factor NFкB pathway. Upon direct inhibition of NFкB using a pharmacological inhibitor (BAY11-7082), significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and corresponding proteins was demonstrated. However, translation of the drug into clinical use is hampered by serious side effects. Therefore, alternative targets to the downstream pathway of SAA activation were also inhibited. Firstly, we attempted to use an endogenously expressed HDL, a lipoprotein that is proposed to ameliorate SAA bioactivity. That data generated appeared to be paradoxical and HDL was unable to act as a “molecular mop” to inhibit SAA activity. Further studies aimed to target reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a nitroxide which is a ROS scavenger. We provided proof of principle that the nitroxide TEMPOL was able to scavenge SAA-induced ROS. Further work will be required to validate the vaso-protective activity of the nitroxide class of drugs. If proven this may offer an alternative/adjunctive therapy for vascular inflammation elicited by SAA.
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Yu, Yanling. "Regional Arctic ice thickness and brine flux from AVHRR /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11067.
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Candeias, Marta Sofia Garcia. "Sistemas de biotransformação e de resposta ao stress de Petromyzon Marinus L.: influência no recrutamento de juvenis de bacias hidrográficas portuguesas no início da fase de migração trófica." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21234.
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O alvo principal deste estudo foi avaliar como a salinidade e/ou a exposição à atrazina, interagem com sistemas de biotransformação e de resposta ao stress oxidativo, hepáticos e branquiais de Petromyzon marinus L., no início da sua fase de migração trófica. A origem geográfica e a aclimatação à salinidade geraram resultados com maior contraste nos parâmetros hepáticos e branquiais de transformers capturados nas bacias do Lima e do Vouga, motivo que determinou a sua seleção como bacia pristina e bacia com indicadores de maior exposição a xenobióticos, respetivamente. A segregação de transformers das bacias do Lima e do Vouga em grupos distintos, tendo em consideração a sua origem geográfica e/ou a resposta a salinidade 10, 25 e 35, pelos sistemas de biotransformação e de resposta ao stress oxidativo, confirmou as conclusões preliminares. A exposição a atrazina (50 e/ou 100 μg/L), em ambiente dulçaquícola, perturbou a capacidade de metabolização de xenobióticos e de resposta ao stress pelos efetivos da bacia do Lima, ilustrada pelo decréscimo do índice HSI e da razão GSH/GSSG citoplasmática branquial ou pelo aumento do conteúdo em MDA citoplasmático e mitocondrial hepático, de ROS citoplasmático branquial, de ROS e MDA mitocondrial branquial, bem como pelo decréscimo das atividades enzimáticas CPR microssomal, cGST, GPx e GR do citoplasma hepático. Assim, a exposição acidental ou permanentemente a níveis de atrazina iguais ou superiores a 50 μg/L poderá comprometer a migração trófica de juvenis de lampreia-marinha. A exposição à atrazina (50 μg/L) em ambiente salino provocou um decréscimo dos índices HSI e GLSI, das atividades CTT1 hepática e UDPGT branquial, bem como o aumento do conteúdo em GSSG e ROS citoplasmáticos branquiais de transformers do Lima, perturbações hepáticas e branquiais, que poderão igualmente comprometer, ainda que de forma mais atenuada, o sucesso da migração trófica de juvenis de P. marinus L; Systems of biotransformation and stress response of Petromyzon marinus L
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The main purpose of this study was to evaluate how salinity and/or atrazine exposure interact with hepatic and branchial systems of biotransformation and oxidative stress response of Petromyzon marinus L., at the beginning of its trophic migration phase. The geographic origin and the acclimation to the salinity generated results with greater contrast in the hepatic and gill parameters of transformers captured in the Lima and Vouga basins, which determined their selection as pristine basin and basin with indicators of greater exposure to xenobiotics, respectively. The segregation of transformers from the Lima and Vouga basins into distinct groups, taking in account their geographic origin and/or its response to salinity 10, 25 and 35, by the systems of biotransformation and oxidative stress response, confirmed the early conclusions. Exposure of sea lamprey juveniles to atrazine (50 and/or 100 μg/L) in the fresh water, disrupted the capacity of xenobiotics metabolism and stress response of the animals of Lima basin, showed by the decrease in HSI index and cytoplasmic GSH/GSSG ratio of gills or by the increase in the contents of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial MDA of liver, cytoplasmic ROS of gills, mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial MDA of gills, as well as the decrease in the microsomal CPR and cytoplasmic cGST, GPx and GR enzyme activities of liver. Thus, accidental or permanent exposure to 50 μg/L atrazine levels or higher, may compromise the trophic migration of sea lamprey juveniles. Exposure to atrazine (50 μg/L) in saline environment resulted in a decrease in the HSI and GLSI indexes, hepatic CTT1 and gills UDPGT activities, as well as the increase in cytoplasmic GSSG and ROS of gills of Lima transformers, which may also compromise, even though more attenuated, the success of the trophic migration of juveniles of P. marinus L.
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SAILE, RACHID. "L'apolipoproteine serique amyloide a : methodologie de dosage utilisant des peptides synthetiques, applications cliniques." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2P252.
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Becker, Martin Gerhard. "Transformerless series dip/sag compensation with ultracapacitors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16256.
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Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis covers the development of a transformerless series dip compensator. Of all known power quality problems, voltage dips are the greatest reason for concern. Series injection dip compensators offer the advantage of only having to compensate for the decrease in supply voltage during a dip. This results in significant reduction in converter ratings and energy storage requirements. The aim of this thesis was to take up previous developments and combine them with new technologies to maximize their functionality. The new design was implemented with ultracapacitors to offer a maintenance-free device lifespan of 20 years. As they are very expensive, a new topology was introduced in this thesis to maximize their use so that they become viable for industry. Furthermore, a new method of daisy chaining switches was introduced to minimize costs involved in controlling them. A single-phase compensator, with this new topology and the new way of controlling switches, was designed and built according to specifications stated by Eskom. This ultracapacitor-based dip compensator was tested with a dip generator, developed by the University of Stellenbosch for different load currents. The experimental results confirmed simulations made with identical parameters. This thesis presents a reliable and cost effective solution for dip compensation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis dek die ontwikkeling van ’n transformatorlose duik kompenseerder. Van al die bekende toevoerkwaliteit probleme wek duike in die spanning die meeste kommer. Serie-injeksie kompenseerders het die voordeel dat hulle net kompenseer vir die verlies in die toevoerspanning tydens die duik. Dit het ’n beduidende vermindering in die omsetterkenwaardes en energiestoorvereistes tot gevolg. Hierdie tesis mik om vorige soortgelyke ontwikkelings op te volg en te verbeter met nuwe tegnologie om die funktionliteit te maksimeer. Die ontwerp is geimplementeer met ultrakapasitore wat die onderhoudsvrye toestel ‘n leeftyd van 20 jaar toelaat. Omdat ultrakapasitore so duur is moes ‘n nuwe topologie onwikkel word om die gebruik van ultrakapasitore meer ekonomies aantreklik te maak. Daar is ook ‘n nuwe manier van skakelaar beheer ontwikkel wat toelaat dat baie skakelaars oor een optise veesel beheer kan word. ‘n Enkel fase dip kompensaeerder is toe onwikkel en gebou volgens Eskom se spesifikasies. Die ultrakapasitor gebaseerde omsetter is getoets met ‘n dip generator wat deur die Universiteit van Stellenbosch ontwikkel is. Die praktiese resultate bevestig die simulasies wat gedoen is met dieselfe parameters. Hierdie tesis lei tot ‘n betroubaare en ekonomiese oplossing vir duik kompensasie.
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Kaennakham, S. "A solution adaptive grid (SAG) for incompressible flows simulations : an attempt towards enhancing SAG algorithm for large eddy simulation (LES)." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/c3a447e1-979d-841e-4dec-9b6c2f9c4515/1.
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A study of the use of solution adaptive grid (SAG) method for simulations of incompressible flows is carried out in this work. Both laminar and turbulent types of flows are chosen. Investigation on laminar flow simulation starts with mesh adaptation criteria that are based on strong changes of some selected flow parameters; pressure and velocity components. Three most common laminar types of flows are studied; flow in a circular pipe, flow in a channel with sudden expansion and flow in a cavity with a moving lid. It is found that with the use of SAG, a reduction in both computational grid nodes and CPU time can be obtained when compared to those of fixed grid while satisfactory solutions are also achievable. Nevertheless, the refinement criteria setup procedure reveals inconveniences and requirement for several judgments that have to be defined ‘ad hoc’. This hence, makes the refinement criteria dubious for real engineering applications. For the study of turbulent flows with large eddy simulation (LES) and implicit filtering, examination of literature reveals that the lack of connections between the filter width and a physical scale has made LES somewhat unclosed, i.e. in a physical sense. In addition, it is known that numerical and modelling errors are always combined and it is difficult to study each of them separately making the total error magnitude difficult to control. Since both error types are characterised by the grid size, LES users very often find cases where a finer mesh no longer provides better accuracy. An attempt to address this ‘physical’ enclosure property of LES and its complication to implement/setup in FLUENT begins with the construction of a new refinement variable as a function of the Taylor scale. Then a new SAG algorithm is formed. The requirement to satisfy a condition of the selected subgrid scale (SAG) model, the Smagorinsky model, is taken into consideration to minimize the modeling error. The construction of a new refinement algorithm is also aimed to be the key to studying the interaction between the two types of error and could lead to the means of controlling their total magnitude. The validation in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency and reliability of the algorithm are made based on several criteria corresponding to suitability for practical applications. This includes the simplicity to setup/employ, computational affordability, and the accuracy level. For this, two different turbulent flow types that represent different commonly found turbulent phenomena are chosen; plane free jet and the flow over a circular cylinder. The simulations of the two cases were carried out in two dimensions. It is found that there are two key factors that strongly determine the success of the algorithm. The first factor is the Taylor scale definition, with literature only available for the turbulent plane jet study, for which good level of accuracy is expected. Unfortunately, this is not true for the flow over a circular cylinder, indicating a need for further analytical work. The second encountered difficulty results from limited access to software codes, which makes it impossible to implement the proposed scheme. As a result, the algorithm formulation needs be modified with carful judgment. Nevertheless, overall results are in reasonably good agreement with their corresponding experimental data.
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Boda, Pranav. "Effects of global warming on transmission line sag." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5377.
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Global warming has forced the power industry to adapt its infrastructure and develop technology in order to mitigate the effects and reduce the extent to which it will affect the operation of the electrical grid. With this goal in mind, the project attempts to quantify the effect of global warming on transmission line sag. First, a climate model that could predict temperature data for the time period (2001-2100) was needed. Next, a relationship between temperature and electricity demand needed to be quantified. Using this relationship and the temperature values generated by the climate model, the predicted electricity demand values were calculated for the examined time period. Since the voltage at which power is transported remains constant, the rate at which power is delivered will be given by the current flowing through the conductor. Using the estimated current values, the temperature of the conductor was calculated. This value is then used to calculate incremental sag due to the additional electrical demand.
The calculated incremental sag is then plotted across time to show the increase in sag as temperatures increase. The plots also show various spikes in transmission line sag values ranging from less than an inch to just over two inches over the examined time period which does not significantly affect the operation of the grid. However, the project was performed using ideal values and is only a best case scenario. Overall, the project was successful in establishing that a relationship between global warming and transmission sag does exist, and that it needs to be addressed during future infrastructure planning.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Husain, Mohd Lokman bin. "Salt marsh sedimentary response to sea level rise." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384865.
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Bernal, Díaz José Arturo, Morales María Luz Garufi, and Campos Óscar Martín Talavera. "Volcán, compañía minera SAA : evidencia empírica 2003-2007." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273914.
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En el presente trabajo realizaremos la valorización de la empresa peruana VOLCAN Compañía Minera SAA, con el fin de determinar el valor de su acción y compararlo con el precio del mercado ¿Está sobre valuada? ¿Está subvaluada? Así mismo, se determinará si los directivos están generando o destruyendo valor El éxito de una empresa se juzga normalmente por su valor y a los accionistas les beneficia cualquier decisión que incremente el valor de su empresa.
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Castro, Almeida Sebastián Alonso, Ortiz Carlos Abel Guevara, Mendoza Víctor Gabriel Sevilla, and Oordt Horna Andrés Martin Van. "Plan estratégico para Compañía de Minas Buenaventura SAA." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8271.
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xvi, 162 h. : il. ; 30 cm.En el presente documento se ha desarrollado la aplicación del Plan Estratégico de Compañía de Minas Buenaventura SAA (Buenaventura) con un horizonte de tiempo de 15 años, en los cuales se busca posicionar a la compañía como un referente en la industria minera peruana y latinoamericana. Es así que se ha elaborado una visión ambiciosa, delimitada en el tiempo y con un alcance geográfico que permite establecer claramente los objetivos de corto plazo necesarios para alcanzar los objetivos de largo plazo enmarcados con las estratégicas y la visión al 2030. Del análisis PESTE efectuado, se han determinado siete oportunidades y ocho amenazas. Del análisis interno AMOFITH, se identificaron siete fortalezas y cinco debilidades. En esta línea, luego de aplicar la información recolectada en las matrices estratégicas, se identificaron las siguientes estrategias: a) implementar nuevas tecnologías con la finalidad de aumentar la productividad, b) realizar proyectos de exploración y explotación en otros países de la región, c) evaluar y adquirir operaciones mineras operativas con potencial de crecimiento en la región, d) implementar plan de cumplimiento total de regulaciones y cero multas, y e) estandarizar los procesos en todas las operaciones de las compañías. De las estrategias señaladas, se arribó a los siguientes objetivos de largo plazo: incrementar la producción de oro en 200%, plata en 250% entre el 2015 y el 2030, reducir el costo total por onza de oro y plata producida en 20% entre el 2015 y el 2030, alcanzar y mantener la calificación crediticia A hacia el 2030, reducir el número de conflictos sociales asociados a Buenaventura en 75% entre el 2015 y el 2030, y reducir el número de accidentes incapacitantes en 75% entre el 2015 y el 2030
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Jeppesen, Knud. "Grœder ikke saa saare : studier i Mikabogens sigte /." Aarhus : Universitetsforlag, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35569539r.
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Henning, Sanchen. "SAA cabin attendant's [sic] experience of environmental stressors." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182005-100342.
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Wettlaufer, John S. "The directional solidification of salt water /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6806.
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Barredo, Herrera Fabiola Maritza. "Liderazgo directivo, caso Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138274.
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Magíster en Gestión y Políticas PúblicasEl estudio de caso se inserta en la problemática de la incidencia de las habilidades directivas en el sector público, como un factor relevante en el desempeño de unidades de trabajo en los órganos del Estado. El estudio de caso es una investigación aplicada a una oficina del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, en la que se produjo una situación de quiebre en las relaciones interpersonales entre el Jefe de la oficina y su equipo de trabajo durante el año 2012, la que fue superada con una intervención organizacional, de la que se obtuvo hallazgos de buenas prácticas factibles de ser consideradas en la gestión directiva a nivel de gobierno. En este estudio, se analizó por medio de entrevistas a los actores involucrados en la situación de quiebre, en las que se les pidió describir, y cuando fuese pertinente, entregar su explicación respecto tanto al episodio que desencadenó el plan de intervención como de los eventos previos, contemporáneos y posteriores a dicho episodio. Sobre la base de las respuestas de los entrevistados, se construyó un relato del proceso de superación de la situación de quiebre. El análisis del relato se vinculó con los aspectos conceptuales asociados a los hallazgos, y consecuentemente, se hicieron recomendaciones sobre la gestión directiva a nivel gubernamental. En el relato se detectó un aumento del nivel de estrés en los funcionarios de la oficina hasta llegar al punto de quiebre antes mencionado, momento en que se tomaron decisiones acertadas, para dar solución a la situación, logrando un cambio en el estilo de liderazgo, lo que no sólo permitió superar este quiebre, sino recuperar un equipo de trabajo comprometido y motivado, que a su vez se transformó en un ejemplo para otras oficinas sectoriales del SAG. El análisis conceptual de los principales hallazgos se centró en la generación de una actitud efectiva de liderazgo; mejora de la comunicación con el equipo de trabajo; desarrollo de habilidades de resolución de conflictos, uso efectivo de los resultados de encuesta de clima laboral; y el apoyo institucional. Si bien el caso estudiado es un hecho puntual, tanto las acciones realizadas como los respectivos efectos que acompañan al caso, son extrapolables a situaciones generales y replicables a otros equipos de trabajo del sector público.
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Pinto, Pedro Henrique Ferreira. "Desenvolvimento de rotas para cominuição de itabiritos compactos do quadrilátero ferrífero." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-19072016-085459/.
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Este trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento e análise comparativa de rotas de cominuição para Itabiritos Compactos do Quadrilátero Ferrífero a partir de uma amostra de grande volume. As rotas desenvolvidas foram: Rota Convencional, composta por quatro estágios de britagem até a malha de 12 mm, seguido por moagem em moinho de bolas. Rota SAB, composta por uma etapa de britagem até a malha de 200 mm, seguida por moagem SAG e moagem em moinho de bolas. Para esta rota foi estudada a inclusão de uma segunda etapa de britagem, antes da alimentação do moinho SAG, e de uma britagem de pebbles, para a carga circulante do moinho SAG. Rota SSSAG, composta por uma etapa de britagem seguida por moagem SAG. Assim como para a rota SAB, foi avaliada para esta última rota a inclusão de uma segunda etapa de britagem, antes da alimentação do moinho SAG. Em todas as rotas, o produto da moagem foi fixado em 10% retido em 0,15 mm Os circuitos de moagem, SAG e de moinho de bolas foram desenvolvidos a partir de resultados de ensaios em escala piloto, ajustados via simulador JKSimMet. O consumo de energia e o dimensionamento dos equipamentos obtidos a partir dos ensaios piloto foram comparados aos resultados obtidos pelos métodos Bond e de Donda. O circuito de britagem foi dimensionado a partir de um ensaio industrial, que determinou a eficiência de britagem em função da abertura na posição fechada do britador. As rotas desenvolvidas foram comparadas quanto ao consumo específico de energia (kWh/t), dimensionamento dos equipamentos e geração de material menor que 0,010 mm (lamas) no produto da moagem. A rota SSSAG apresentou o menor consumo de energia e também o menor quantitativo de equipamentos. Quanto à geração de lama no produto da moagem, foram obtidos valores semelhantes nos ensaios piloto das três rotas estudadas.This work consists in the development and comparative analysis of comminution routes to Compact Itabirites from Quadrilátero Ferrífero, based on a large volume sample. The developed routes were: Conventional Route, comprising four crushing stages, down to 12 mm, followed by ball milling. SAB Route comprising one crushing step, down to 200 mm, followed by SAG milling and ball milling. Secondary crushing and pebble crushing were also included as variations of SAB route. Route SSSAG, comprising one crushing step, down to 200 mm, followed by SAG milling. Secondary crushing was also included as a variation of SSSAG route. In all cases grinding product was set to 10% retained at 0,15 mm. All grinding models were fitted at JKSimMet simulator on the basis of pilot plant data. Energy consumption and equipment design were compared with Bond and Donda method results. Crushing circuit design was based on industrial tests carried out for determining efficiency as a function of closed side setting (CSS). The routes were compared in term of energy consumption (kWh/t), comminution equipment numbers and the amount passing at 0,010 mm (slimes) in the grinding circuit product. The SSSAG route indicated the lowest energy consumption, together less pieces of equipment. Similar slime values were obtained for all three routes in pilot testing.
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Lee, Dong-Myung. "A Voltage Sag Supporter Utilizing A PWM-Switched Autotransformer." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5215.
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This research suggests a novel voltage control scheme that can compensate for voltage sag and swell conditions in three-phase power systems. Faults occurring in power distribution systems or facilities in plants cause the voltage sag or swell. For sensitive loads, even voltage sags of short duration can cause serious problems in the entire system.
In order to mitigate power interruptions, this research proposes a scheme called Voltage Sag Supporter utilizing a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-Switched Autotransformer. The proposed scheme is able to quickly recognize the voltage sag or swell condition, and it can correct the voltage by either boosting the input voltage during voltage sag events or reducing the input voltage during voltage swell events. Among existing methods, the scheme based on the inverter system such as dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) require an inverter, a rectifier, and a step-up down transformer, which makes the system expensive. AC converters can be used for the purpose of the research. However, they consist of two solid-state switches per one phase and include energy storage devices such as reactors and capacitors. The switching device for the high voltage application is relatively expensive so that this research suggests a scheme utilizing only one switch for the output voltage control, which makes the system more stable and cost effective. The proposed scheme can be applied at any voltage and provides cost and size advantages over existing methods due to the reduced number of switching components and no need of energy storage devices. Simulations and experiments have been carried out to verify the validity of the proposed scheme, and prototype experiments are being done to confirm the control scheme.
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González, Venegas Carolina Margarita. "Estrategia Comunicacional del SAG en el Control de Frontera." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101954.
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Clegg, Nicola Aylsa. "Modelling sea-salt aerosol composition in the marine environment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286292.
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Polycarpou, Alexis. "Identification of voltage sag indices in electrical power systems." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432326.
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Coello, Cáceres Victoria Marisel, Zegarra Elizabeth Guardamino, Calonge Carlos Martín Ramírez, and López Donalia Revilla. "Plan financiero empresarial Banco Internacional del Perú SAA - Interbank." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8895.
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vi, 117 h. : il. ; 30 cm.El presente plan financiero tiene como objetivo incrementar el valor patrimonial de Interbank mediante la implementación de iniciativas financieras sostenibles en el corto y largo plazo. Para ello, se analiza el sector identificando las principales variables financieras y no financieras que lo dinamizan, como los competidores, riesgos del mercado, efectos financieros por cambios regulatorios, tendencias y expectativas. A partir de este análisis se concluye que la industria financiera es atractiva y competitiva, presenta un crecimiento sostenible y está relacionado directamente con el crecimiento económico del país. Interbank se posiciona como el cuarto banco más importante del país. Su estrategia comercial está orientada al segmento personas y tiene como ventaja competitiva contar con la red de cajeros más grande del Sistema Financiero Peruano. Dentro de sus objetivos estratégicos es ser líder en el mercado de tarjeta de crédito y productos personales, optimizar la eficiencia operativa, mejorar la calidad del servicio y mantenerse en el Great Place to Work. En la primera etapa del planeamiento financiero se valoriza Interbank, obteniendo un resultado superior en 35% al valor de mercado. Posteriormente, se define el plan financiero sobre la base de los lineamientos estratégicos, tales como mejorar el ratio de eficiencia y lograr un crecimiento saludable de la cartera; además de cumplir los requerimientos regulatorios establecidos por el Comité de Basilea y la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP. La implementación de este plan genera mayor valor a sus accionistas mediante un crecimiento sostenible y rentable, además de cumplir con sus objetivos estratégicos
This financial plan is intended to increase the equity value of Interbank by implementing sustainable financial initiatives in a short and long term. To achieve this result, the Peruvian financial sector has been analyzed to identify major financial and non-financial variables that promote it, such as competitors, market risks, financial impact due to regulatory changes, industry trends and expectations for next years. From this analysis, it is concluded that the Peruvian financial industry is attractive and competitive; it has a sustainable growth and it is directly related to the economic growth of Peru. Interbank is the fourth most important bank in Peru. Its commercial strategy is focused on retail segment and its competitive advantage is supported by having the largest ATM network in the financial sector. Interbank strategic objectives are to be the leader in credit card and personal loans, optimize operational efficiency, improve service quality and be in the annual ranking of Great Place to Work. In the first part of the financial planning, Interbank is valued, obtaining a price action that is 35% higher than the market value. Subsequently, the financial plan is based on strategic objectives, such as improving the efficiency ratio and achieving a healthy portfolio growth; meeting regulatory requirements set by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Peruvian Superintendence of banking, insurance and private pension. The implementation of this plan creates more value to its shareholders through sustainable and profitable growth, in addition to satisfying its strategic objectives
Tesis
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Valério, Lenilson Pinheiro. "SAA - uma ferramenta de apoio ao processo de aprendizagem." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2014. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/94091.
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Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2014-12-19In this paper, we present a social application model in an attempt to improve the teaching / learning using a system developed especially for this purpose, using the programming language C #, with possible access for computers, tablets and mobile phones with Internet access. The methodology adopted is based on the use of a system of questions and answers supplied by the students and managed by the teacher, designed to meet preliminary information through supervised entries features. These features were developed after the study of the major reasons why the current information systems present shortcomings in the transfer of information. For validation of this system, we selected a group of students and teachers, while using the system was generated sufficient data to at the end of a period of time, confront the study time information, time making questions, time answering and notes with the traditional teaching model in classroom and work at home. In addition to these data, each system user responded to a questionnaire on the use of the system and its opinion about use. Keywords: Distance education. Social function of education. E-Learning.
Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um modelo de aplicativo social na tentativa de melhorar o ensino/aprendizado usando um sistema desenvolvido especialmente para este fim, utilizando a linguagem de programação C#, com possibilidade de acesso por computadores, tablets e celulares com acesso à Internet. A metodologia adotada baseia-se no uso de um sistema de perguntas e respostas alimentado pelos próprios alunos e gerenciado pelo professor, desenvolvido para suprir informações de caráter preliminar, através de funcionalidades de cadastros supervisionados. Tais funcionalidades foram desenvolvidas após o estudo dos principais motivos pelos quais os sistemas de informações atuais apresentarem deficiências na transferência de informações. Para validação desse sistema, foi selecionada uma turma de alunos e professores que durante a utilização do sistema geraram dados suficientes para, no final de um período de tempo, confrontar informações de tempo de estudo, realizando perguntas, respondendo e notas com o modelo de ensino tradicional dentro da sala de aula e com trabalhos em casa. Além destes dados, cada usuário do sistema respondeu a um questionário sobre a utilização do sistema e sua visão a respeito da utilização. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Função social da educação. E-Learning.
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Bakkar, Mostafa. "Sag effects on protection system in distributed generation grids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673721.
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Distributed Generators (DGs) are sensible to voltage sags, so the protection devices must trip fast to disconnect the faulted part of the grid. The DG disconnection will not be desirable in the near future with a large penetration, so it will be necessary to lay down new requirements that should be based on avoiding unnecessary disconnections. Therefore, to prevent unnecessary tripping when inverter-based DGs are connected to the Medium Voltage (MV) grid, reliable and effective protection strategies need to be developed, considering the limited short-circuit current contribution of DG.
The initial goal of this study is to employ different possible control strategies for a grid-connected inverter according to the Spanish grid code and to analyze the output voltage behavior during symmetrical and unsymmetrical voltage sags. The analytical development of the proposed strategies shows the impacts of the sag on currents, voltages, active and reactive powers.
Another goal of this research is to propose a protection strategy based on Artificial Intelligence for a radial or ring distribution system with high DG penetration. The protection strategy is based on three different algorithms to develop a more secure, redundant, and reliable protection system to ensure supply continuity during disturbances in ring and radial grids without compromising system stability. In order to classify, locate and distinguish between permanent or transient faults, new protection algorithms based on artificial intelligence are proposed in this research, allowing network availability improvement disconnecting only the faulted part of the system. This research introduces the innovative use of directional relay based on a communication system and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The first algorithm, Centralize algorithm (CE), collects the data from all the PDs in the grid in the centralized controller. This algorithm detects the power flow direction and calculates the positive-sequence current of all the PDs in the grid. Significant benefits of this system are that it consolidates the entire systems security into a single device, which can facilitate system security control. However, the CE will not pinpoint the exact location of the fault if there is any loss of information due to poor communication. Therefore, the systems redundancy can be improved by cooperating with a second algorithm, the Zone algorithm (ZO). ZO algorithm is based on zone control using peer-to-peer connectivity in the same line. The faulty line in that zone may be identified by combining the two PDs data on the same line. The most relevant advantage of this algorithm is its flexibility to adapt to any grid modification or disturbance, even if they are just temporary, unlike the CE, which is fixed to the existing grid configuration. The third protection algorithm, Local algorithm (LO), has been proposed without depending on the communication between the PDs; then, the protection system can work properly in case of a total loss of communication. Each PD should be able to detect if the fault is located in the protected line or another line by using only the local information of the PD. According to the type of fault and based on local measurements at each PD of abc voltages and currents, different algorithms will be applied depending on the calculation of the sequence components. The main advantage of this algorithm is the separate decision of each PD, and avoiding communication problems.
In case of radial grids, both mechanical breakers and Solid State Relays (SSRs) are used to verify the protection strategies, and in the case of ring grids, mechanical breakers are used, due to the limitations in required voltage difference of SSR.
The proposed protection algorithms are compared with conventional protections (Overcurrent and Differential) protections to validate the contribution of the proposed algorithms, especially in reconfigurable smart grids.El objetivo inicial de este estudio es emplear diferentes estrategias de control posibles para un inversor conectado a la red segun el código de red español y analizar el comportamiento de la tensión de salida durante caídas de tensión simétricas y asimétricas. El desarrollo analítico de las estrategias propuestas muestra los impactos de los huecos de tensión en las corrientes, tensiones, potencias activas y reactivas. Otro objetivo de esta investigación es proponer una estrategia de protecclón basada en lnteligencia Artificial para una red del Sistema de Distribución, radial o en anillo, con elevada penetración de Generación Distribuida. La estrategia de protección se basa en tres algoritmos diferentes para desarrollar un sistema de protección más seguro, redundante, y fiable, que asegure la continuidad de suministro durante perturbaciones en redes radiales o en anillo sin comprometer la estabilidad del sistema. Para clasificar, localizar y distinguir entre faltas permanentes o transitorias, se proponen en este trabajo nuevos algoritmos de protección basados en inteligencia artificial, permitiendo la mejora de la disponibilidad de la red, al desconectar sólo la parte del sistema en falta. Esta investigación introduce la innovación del uso del rele direccional basado en un sistema de comunicación y Redes Neuronales Artificiales (ANN). El primer algoritmo, Algoritmo Central (CE), recibe los datos de todos los PDs de la red en un control central. Este algoritmo detecta la dirección de flujo de cargas y calcula la corriente de secuencia positiva de todos los PDs de la red. El entrenamiento de ANNs incluye variaciones en la corriente de cortocircuito y la dirección del flujo de potencia en cada PD. Los beneficios mas significativos de este sistema son que concentra la seguridad total del sistema en un único dispositivo, lo que puede facilitar el control de la seguridad del sistema. Sin embargo, el CE no determinara con precisión la localización exacta de la falta si hay alguna perdida de información debida a una pobre comunicación. Por lo tanto, la redundancia del sistema se puede mejorar cooperando con un segundo algoritmo, el algoritmo de Zona (ZO). El algoritmo ZO se basa en un control de zona usando la conectividad entre dispositivos de protección de una misma línea. La línea en falta en esa zona puede identificarse combinando los datos de los dos PDs de la misma línea.. La ventaja mas relevante de este algoritmo es su flexibilidad para adaptarse a cualquier modificación de la red o perturbación, incluso si sólo son temporales, a diferencia del CE, que se ha adaptado para la configuración de la red existente. El tercer algoritmo de protección, algoritmo Local (LO), ha sido propuesto sin dependencia de la comunicación entre PDs; por lo tanto, el sistema de protección puede operar correctamente en el caso de una pérdida total de comunicación. Cada PD debe poder detectar si la falta esta ubicada en la línea protegida o en otra línea, utilizando sóIo la información local del PD. Según el tipo de falta, y en base a medidas locales en cada PD, de tensiones y corrientes abc, se aplican diferentes algoritmos en función del cálculo de las componentes simétricas. La principal ventaja de este algoritmo es la actuación por separado de cada PD, evitando los problemas de comunicación. En el caso de las redes radiales, se utilizan tanto interruptores mecánicos como réles de estado sóIido (SSR) para verificar las estrategias de protección, y en el caso de las redes en anillo se utilizan interruptores mecánicos, debido a las limitaciones de tensión para su conexión. Los algoritmos de protección propuestos se comparan con protecciones convencionales (Sobrecorriente y Diferencial) para validar la contribución de los algoritmos propuestos, especialmente en redes inteligentes reconfigurables.
Enginyeria Elèctrica
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Jalava, T. (Tiina). "”Värisevää sielua ei saa tallata”: koulukiusaaminen yhteisöllisyyden näkökulmasta tarkasteltuna." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604231540.
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Nykyisin elämme yksilöitä korostavaa aikaa, mutta kuitenkaan me emme saisi erottua joukosta tai joudumme kiusatuksi. Me tarvitsemme yhteisöllisyyttä. Sen toivotaan vaikuttavan negatiivisten ilmiöiden, kuten kiusaamisen ehkäisemiseen. Käsillä oleva tutkimus tuo esille kiusaamisen monimutkaisuutta, sen ilmenemismuotoja ja keinoja vähentää kiusaamista muun muassa yhteisöllisyyden näkökulmasta katsottuna.
Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on pyrkiä ymmärtämään, mitä koulukiusaaminen on ilmiönä. Mistä se johtuu ja mikä pitää sitä yllä? Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on myös pyrkiä ymmärtämään kiusaamisen kokonaisuutta ja vaikeutta tarkasteltavana olevan kirjallisuuden kautta ja siitä syntyvän mielikuvan ja kokonaisuuden hahmottamisena ja kokemana. Tätä tavoitetta pyrin saavuttamaan tarkastelemalla kiusaamisen määrittäjiä muun muassa yhteisön, en niinkään yksilön itsensä kautta, sekä kiusaamista ehkäisevien toimintojen, keinojen, valintojen ja päätösten jatkuvuudella. Lisäksi selvitän kiusaamisen syitä ja konkreettisesti, mitä kiusaaminen ilmiönä on. Työssä muodostuu kolme kokonaisuutta, joita tarkastelen kiusaamisen näkökulmasta: kiusaamisen määrittäjät yhteisön kautta, kiusaamisen ehkäisy ja kiusaaminen ilmiönä.
Tutkimusongelmiksi muotoutui kaksi kysymystä: 1. Mistä kiusaamisessa on kysymys? ja 2. Mitä toimenpiteitä kiusaamisen ehkäisemiseksi voidaan tehdä? Tutkimukseni tarkastelee koulukiusaamista peruskoulun ilmiönä. Se selvittää kiusaamiseen kiinteästi liittyviä tekijöitä, kuten kiusaamisen syntyä ja kehittymistä yhteisössä ja mikä sitä pitää yllä? Pohdin kirjallisuudessa esiintyviä syitä kiusaamiseen ja kiusaamisen johtumista ja mitkä olisivat kirjallisuudesta esiin tulevat keinot kiusaamisen vähenemiseen? Otan esille myös lähteissä ilmeneviä tekoja, jotka liittyvät kiusaamiseen ja osaltaan mahdollistavat sen toteuttamisen, sekä kiusaamisen perustuslaillisen puolen.
Koulukiusaaminen on aina ajankohtainen, jatkuva ilmiö, jonka kohteeksi usea yksilö joutuu peruskoulun aikana. Sen vähentämiseksi ja estämiseksi mietitään koko ajan uusia keinoja ja toimintamalleja. Kiusaamisen vähentäminen lähtee yhteisöstä, sen tavasta toimia, ajatella, kokea ja tuntea. Yhteisöllisyyteen kasvetaan ja sen arvot ja asenteet omaksutaan jo pienenä, joten yhteisöllisyyttä ja yhteisöllisyyden tunteen rakentaminen on taito, jonka oppiminen vaatii harjoittelua ja oppimista. Kiusaamisen vastainen työ on koko yhteisöä koskevaa jatkuvaa työtä, yhteisössä olevien, omaksuttujen asenteiden ja toimintatapojen muokkaamista kiusaamisen vastaiseen suuntaan.
Tutkimuksesta käy ilmi, että kiusaamisen vastainen toiminta edellyttää kouluyhteisöltä selkeää käsitystä oikeasta ja väärästä käyttäytymisestä, tavoitteet täytyy olla selkeät ja kaikkien tiedossa. Oppilaita on pyrittävä kasvattamaan yhteisvastuullisuuteen. Yhteisöllä on oltava sama käsitys kiusaamisesta, mikä siihen kuuluu ja mikä ei, joten kiusaamisen määrittelemisen tärkeys korostuu. Kiusaamisesta aiheutuvassa huolessa yhteisön tuki ja hyväksyntä ovat tärkeitä. Yhteisö ei ole tarkkarajainen joukko, vaan elävä, tunteva kokonaisuus, josta heijastuu jokainen yksilö. On kaunista ajatella, että yhteisö ei voi olla kokonainen ilman sen moninaisuutta, jokaista edustajaansa. Myöskään kouluyhteisö ei voi olla kokonainen, jos sen kaikki jäsenet eivät ole hyväksyttyjä. Tämän voi ajatella koskevan kaikkia yhteisöjä, myös kasvatettavia ja kasvattajia kokonaisuutena.
Tutkimuksen merkityksestä nousee esille kiusaamisen laaja kirjo ja vahvistus siitä, että kiusaamisen vähentämisessä ei riitä itsetunnon, sosiaalisten taitojen, luokkahengen tai koulun ilmapiirin edistäminen, vaan on puututtava välittömästi suoraan kiusaamiseen, sen ilmenemismuotoihin ja vaikutettava suoraan yhteisöön ja yhteisön tapaan ajatella ja käyttäytyä. Odottaminen ja ongelman siirtäminen ei palvele ketään, vaan pahentavat kiusaamista ja mahdollistavat sen jatkumisen ja kierteen syntymisen.
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Mwansa, Sonny. "Segregation and material flow along low aspect SAG mills." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5497.
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Includes bibliographical references.The significance of this study is primarily intended to provide better understanding of axial segregation and flow of particles along SAG mills. Additionally, the current SAG mill models developed using "short" Australian and North American style mills exposes inaccuracies when applied to predict the performance of "long" mills. Thus the results of this study are expected to be useful for improving modelling of long SAG mills. Several studies of radial and axial segregation in tumbling horizontal devices at laboratory-scale and a few on pilot-scale have been conducted in the past by various researchers. Recently, industrial-scale studies of axial segregation in kilns and dry milling, particularly in the cement industry have also been conducted. However, there seems to be no work reported and cited in the literature on axial segregation studies along SAG mills. Thus the lack of previous segregation research along SAG mills has exposed a knowledge gap in the subject.
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Hayes, Daniel Reiner. "The heat and salt balances of the upper ocean beneath a spatially variable melting sea ice cover /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11032.
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Marchioli, Valdirene Aparecida da Silva. "Mafalda na sala de apoio à aprendizagem (SAA) : uma proposta de trabalho de produção textual a partir das tiras cômicas e de outros gêneros quadrinísticos." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000211043.
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As tiras cômicas de Toda Mafalda, uma criação do argentino Quino (1993), são protagonizadas por crianças, sendo Mafalda a principal, uma garotinha de seis anos com pensamentos e atitudes muito além de sua idade, crítica e preocupada com o destino da humanidade. A tira cômica um gênero discursivo pertencente ao hipergênero histórias em quadrinhos constitui um texto tendencialmente curto, atrelado tematicamente ao humor, podendo ter personagens fixos ou não, e sempre com desfecho inesperado. As tiras da protagonista em questão foram utilizadas em uma pesquisa-ação como gênero-âncora para o trabalho com a leitura e a produção de textos na Sala de Apoio à Aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa (SAA), em uma escola pública paranaense, na periferia de Cambé, de março a junho de 2016. O objetivo principal foi elaborar uma proposta de intervenção por meio de gêneros quadrinísticos, tendo como gênero-âncora a tira cômica (da Mafalda), para uma Sala de Apoio de Aprendizagem (SAA) de Língua Portuguesa. Os estudos de Ramos (2007; 2009; 2011; 2014) e Vergueiro (2006) constituem as referências norteadoras desta proposta na caracterização dos gêneros quadrinísticos, ao lado de trabalhos sobre tira cômica, desenvolvidos por Ramos (2007; 2009; 2011; 2014) e no projeto de pesquisa Gramática, pragmática e tiras: em busca da organização gramatical de fato e valor, coordenado pela professora Dra. Maria Isabel Borges (2014-2016). Também as ideias e os estudos relacionados a gênero discursivo, texto e produção textual de Bakhtin (2003), Costa Val (1991), Neves (1991), Pécora (1999), Franchi (2002), Antunes (2003; 2007) e Koch e Elias (2006; 2014) fundamentaram este trabalho. O projeto de intervenção foi composto de vinte encontros, divididos em quatro etapas. A primeira foi o Diagnóstico, na qual os alunos elaboraram dois textos escritos e estritamente verbais a partir de tiras da personagem Mafalda, para a identificação de defasagens recorrentes: problemas na construção dos sentidos, pontuação, organização do texto, ortografia e acentuação. Na segunda etapa, Apresentação dos principais gêneros pertencentes ao hipergênero histórias em quadrinhos e comparação dos aspectos semelhantes e diferentes, realizaram-se atividades a partir dos principais gêneros quadrinísticos (novela gráfica, charge, cartum, história em quadrinhos, mangá, tira livre e tira cômica) e a comparação entre eles; os alunos exploraram os recursos da linguagem dos quadrinhos que os ajudariam a compreender melhor os textos (sinais gráficos, expressões faciais, posições da imagem, planos de imagem, balões, personagens fixos, pontuação etc.). Na terceira etapa Trabalhando com a tira cômica da Mafalda , exploraram-se o humor e a construção dos sentidos nas tiras cômicas de Mafalda, por meio da análise do contexto sócio-histórico e dos recursos da imagem. Também houve um trabalho com a intertextualidade com outros gêneros discursivos (reportagem, fábula e piada). A quarta e última etapa foi a Avaliação final, na qual os alunos produziram textos a partir das propostas iniciais, com o objetivo de comparar com os anteriores e verificar o progresso. Durante as etapas, houve análises e reflexões para observar os avanços e realizar retomadas. Os alunos apresentaram progresso na compreensão, organização do texto e pontuação. Quanto à ortografia e acentuação, ainda predominam as fragilidades. Ainda se observaram melhoras da autoestima dos educandos e na relação entre professora e alunos/alunas.The comic strip "The Whole Mafalda" (1993), a creation of the Argentinean Quino, is starred by children. Mafalda, the main one, is a little six-year-old girl whose thoughts and attitudes are far beyond her age, she is critical and concerned about the humanitys fate. The comic strip - a discursive genre which belongs to the hypergenre "comics" is a tendentiously short text usually linked to humor alwas with na unexpected ending, in which tehe character may be regular or not. Mafaldas comic strips were used in a research-action as a gender-anchor to work with reading and writing in a Supporting Room for Portuguese Learning (SAA) placed at a public school on the outskirts of Cambé-Paraná, from March to June 2016. The main objective was to elaborate an interventions proposal through comic genres, particularly using the comic strip mentioned above, for a Supporting Room for Portuguese Learning (SAA). The studies by Ramos (2007; 2009; 2011; 2014) and Vergueiro (2006) are the guiding references for this proposal on the characterization of the comic genres, alongside works about comic strips developed by Ramos (2007; 2009; 2011; 2014) and the research project "Grammar, pragmatic and strips: in search of the grammatical organization of fact and value," coordinated by Professor Dr. Maria Isabel Borges (2014-2016). Other ideas and studies related to discursive genre, texts and writing by Bakhtin (2003), Costa Val (1991), Snow (1991), Pécora (1999), Franchi (2002), Antunes (2003; 2007) and Koch and Elias (2006; 2014) also based this work. The intervention project happened throughout twenty meetings, splited into four stages. The first stage was the diagnosis, in which students produced two written and strictly verbal texts from Mafaldas strips, to identify recurring gaps: problems on senses structuring, punctuation, text organization, spelling and accentuation. The second stage was the presentation of the main genres of the hypergenre "comics" and comparison of theirs similarities and differences, in which activities from the main comic genres (graphic novel, cartoon, comics, manga, free strip and comic strip) were made and compared among them later on; the students explored the features of the comics language that would help their best understanding of the texts (graphic signs, facial expressions, image position, image planes, balloons, fixed characters, punctuation, etc.). On the third stage - Working with Mafaldas comic strips the students explored the humor and the construction of sense in Quinos comics strips through the analysis of the socio- historical context and image resources. There was also a work with intertextuality with other genres (story, fable and joke). The fourth and last stage was the Final Assessment, in which the students produced texts from the initial proposals in order to compare with the previous ones and to verify the progress.Throughout the stages, there were analysis and reflections to observe the progress and conduct retakes. The students presented progress in text organization and puctuation comprehension while spelling and accentuation still present predominantly weaknesses. It was also observed a self-esteem growth from the students and relationship improvement between teacher and students.
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Pietiläinen, Kai. "Voltage sag ride-through of AC drives : control and analysis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-450.
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This thesis focuses on controller design and analysis for induction motor (IM) drives, flux control for electrically excited synchronous motors with damper windings (EESMs), and to enhance voltage sag ride-through ability and analysis for a wind turbine application with a full-power grid-connected active rectifier. The goal is to be able to use the existing equipment, without altering the hardware. Further, design and analysis of the stabilization of DC-link voltage oscillations for DC systems and inverter drives is studied, for example traction drives with voltage sags in focus.
The proposed IM controller is based on the field-weakening controller of Kim and Sul [31], which is further developed. Applying the proposed controller to voltage sag ride-through gives a cheap and simple ride-through system.
The EESM controller is based on setpoint adjustment for the field current controller. The analysis also concerns stability for the proposed flux controller.
The DC-link stabilization algorithm is designed following Mosskull [38], where a component is added to the current controller. The algorithm is further developed.
Analysis is the main focus, and concerns the impact of the different parameters involved. Proper parameter selection for the controller, switching frequency, and DC-link capacitor is given.
The impact of voltage sags is investigated for a power-grid-connected rectifier. Here, we analyze the impact of different types of voltage sags and phase-angle jumps. The analysis gives design rules for the DC-link capacitor and the switching frequency.
Experimental results and simulations verify the theoretical results.
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Lannergård, Anders. "Serum Amyloid A Protein (SAA) in Healthy and Infected Individuals." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5774.
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Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) is an acute phase protein that has recently gained increasing interest as a potential marker for disease and treatment monitoring. We investigated SAA and CRP levels in (a) patients with various common infectious diseases (n=98), (b) patients with pyelonephritis (n=37) versus patients with cystitis (n=32), (c) healthy individuals of varying ages (n=231), (d) very immature newborn infants with or without nosocomial infections (NIs) (n=72) and (e) patients with bacterial infections treated with cefuroxime (n=81).
SAA significantly correlated with CRP in viral as well as in bacterial infections (for the total group: r2=0.757, p<0.0001) and showed a systemic inflammatory response in 90% of the patients with cystitis as compared with 23% for CRP. Equally high efficiencies (0.96 and 0.94 for SAA and CRP, respectively) were observed in discriminating between pyelonephritis and cystitis. SAA and high sensitive (hs) CRP were lower in umbilical cords (p<0.0001) and higher in elderly adults (p<0.0001-0.03) than in the other age groups; higher in immature newborn infants than in term infants; and higher in the NI group than in the non-NI group. Interindividual variabilities of the time course of the biomarkers SAA and CRP were considerable. Because of the smoothed distribution of SAA and CRP (i.e. elevations were both essentially unchanged during the first 3 days of cefuroxime treatment), these markers were not useful when deciding parenteral-oral switch of therapy, which occurred within this time period in most cases.
SAA is a sensitive systemic marker in cystitis. SAA and hsCRP in umbilical cord blood are close to the detection limit and increase with age. They increase in relation to NI in very immature newborn infants and might therefore be used in diagnosis and monitoring. Finally, SAA and CRP in adults with bacterial infections could not predict an early parenteral-oral switch of antimicrobial therapy.
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Pietiläinen, Kai. "Voltage sag ride-through of AC drives : control and analysis /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-450.
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Lannergård, Anders. "Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in healthy and infected individuals /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5774.
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Visser, Abraham Johannes. "Transformerless series dip/sag compensation with a multilevel cascaded inverter." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52592.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis covers the development of a multilevel cascaded inverter for the purpose of costeffective transformerless series dip compensation. Of all known power quality problems, voltage dips are the greatest reason for concern. Dips/sags occur more frequently than outages and therefore tend to be more costly for industry as modem technical equipment becomes all the more sensitive to the quality and reliability of supply. A number of devices already exist to compensate for this problem, but the cost of most of these systems does not always justify the financial losses they compensate for. All of these systems are using transformers and/or large filter components that contribute to the size, price and losses to quite a large extent. Series injection dip compensators offer the advantage of only having to compensate for the decrease in supply voltage during a dip. This results in a significant reduction in the converter ratings and energy storage requirements compared to conventional uninterruptible power supplies or shunt injection power quality devices. Existing inverter topologies, including multilevel inverters, were therefore studied and compared as possible solutions for cost-effective transformerless series dip compensation. On the basis of these considerations the multilevel cascaded inverter seems to be the most cost-effective option. The relatively low harmonic content of its unfiltered output also eliminates the need for a large output filter. A single-phase dip compensator, with this topology, was designed and built according to specifications stated by Eskom, the main utility in South Africa. Batteries as energy storage and automotive MOSFETs as switching components, proved to be most cost-effective options for the specified power ratings. Control algorithms for dip compensation with the multilevel inverter were also developed. Some of these algorithms are based on existing techniques, but two new algorithms were also developed to implement force commutation of the thyristors and to share the power dissipation in the dip compensator. Simulations indicated that these algorithms could be suitable and sufficient for their application. This dip compensator with its control algorithms was tested with a dip generator, developed at the University of Stellenbosch, for different types of loads. The experimental results confirmed the simulations and showed a very good performance for the specified conditions. An optimised design of this dip compensator will make it a cost-effective solution for dip compensation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis dek die ontwikkeling van 'n multivlakwisselrigter, in kaskade, met koste-effektiewe transformatorlose duik kompensasie as mikpunt. Van al die bekende toevoerkwaliteit probleme wek duike in die spanning die meeste kommer. Duike kom meer gereeld voor as kragonderbrekings en neig daarom om 'n groter onkoste te wees vir die industrie soos wat moderne tegnologiese toerusting al hoe meer sensitief raak vir die kwaliteit en betroubaarheid van die toevoer. 'n Aantal toestelle wat vir hierdie probleem kompenseer bestaan reeds, maar die koste van hierdie stelsels regverdig nie altyd die finansiële verliese wat hulle moet elimineer nie. Al hierdie stelsels gebruik transformators en/of groot filter komponente wat grootliks bydra tot die grootte, prys en verliese van hierdie stelsels. Serie-injeksie kompenseerders het die voordeel dat hulle net kompenseer vir die verlies in die toevoerspanning tydens die duik. Dit het 'n beduidende vermindering in die omsetterkenwaardes en energiestoorvereistes tot gevolg in vergelyking met ononderbroke kragbronne (UPS) of newe-injeksie toevoerkwaliteit toestelle. Daarom IS bestaande wisselrigtertopologië, insluitende multivlakwisselrigters, bestudeer en vergelyk as moontlike oplossings vir koste-effektiewe serie duik-kompensasie. Van al hierdie moontlikhede lyk die multivlakwisselrigter, in kaskade, na die mees koste-effektiewe opsie. Die relatiewe lae harmoniese inhoud van sy ongefilterde uittree elimineer die behoefte aan 'n groot uittreefilter. 'n Enkelfase duik kompenseerder, met hierdie topologie, is ontwerp en gebou volgens die spesifikasies wat vasgestel is deur Eskom, die hoof elektriese kragvoorsiener in Suid-Afrika. Dit het geblyk dat batterye, en MOSFETte uit die motorbedryf, die mees koste-effektiewe opsies bied vir onderskeidelik die energiestoor en skakelkomponente. Beheeralgoritmes VIr duik kompensasie met die multivlakwisselrigter is ook ontwikkel. Sommige van hierdie algoritmes is gebaseer op bestaande tegnieke, maar twee nuwe algoritmes is ook ontwikkel vir die kommutering van die tiristors en die deling van die drywingsverkwisting in die duik kompenseerder. Simulasies dui aan dat hierdie algoritmes geskik en voldoende kan wees vir hulle toepassing. Hierdie duik kompenseerder met sy beheeralgoritmes is getoets vir verskillende tipes laste met 'n duikgenerator wat ontwikkel is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Die eksperimentele resultate bevestig dit wat verkry is uit die simulasies en wys 'n goeie werkverrigting vir die gespesifiseerde kondisies. 'n Geoptimeerde ontwerp van hierdie duik kompenseerder sal dit 'n koste-effektiewe oplossing maak vir duik kompensasie.
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Keskitalo, A. (Aila). "”Lapsi saa tarvitsemansa tuen”:varhaiserityisopettajien käsityksiä inkluusiosta ja sen toteutumisesta." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201706022445.
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Pro gradu -tutkielmassa on selvitetty varhaiserityisopettajien käsityksiä inkluusiosta ja sen totetumisesta varhaiskasvatuksessa ja esiopetuksessa. Varhaiskasvatussunnitelman perusteiden 2016 ja Esiopetussuunnitelman perusteiden 2014 mukaan varhaiskasvatusta ja esiopetusta toteutetaan inkluusion periaatteiden mukaan. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä kuvataan tärkeimmät kansainväliset sopimukset, jotka vaikuttavat Suomen varhaiskasvatuksen ja esiopetuksen lainsäädäntöön. Lisäksi tuodaan esille tutkimuksia ja keskustelua, jota on käyty eri aikoina integraatiosta ja inkluusiosta. Tutkimuksessa kysytään ”Millaisia käsityksiä varhaiserityisopettajilla on inkluusiosta ja sen toteutumisesta?”
Työ on fenomenografinen tutkimus, jonka aineisto koostuu varhaiserityisopettajien haastatteluista. Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin nelivaiheista fenomenografista analyysimallia. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa perehdyttiin aineistoon ja valittiin tutkimuskysymyksen kannalta oleelliset ilmaisut. Toisessa vaiheessa teemoiteltiin samansuuntaisia käsityksiä ilmentäviä ilmaisuja teemoiksi. Kolmannessa vaiheessa teemoja yhdistelemällä ja rajatapauksia määrittelemällä luotiin käsitysryhmät. Viimeisessä vaiheessa käsitysryhmistä koottiin ylätason kuvauskategoriat ja tutkimustuloksia peilattiin teoriaan.
Varhaiserityisopettajat tarkastelivat inkluusiivisuutta kahdesta näkökulmasta. Lapsen kannalta ajateltuna varhaiserityisopettajat käsittivät inkluusion pitävän sisällään sen, että lapsi on lähipäiväkodissa ja siellä lapsella on mahdollisuus tuntea kuuluvansa ryhmään. Varhaiserityisopettajat nostivat esiin vanhempien kanssa tehtävän yhteistyön ja lapsen tuntemisen tärkeyden. Kasvattajien näkökulmasta varhaiserityisopettajat pohtivat omaa rooliaan inkluusiivisessa kasvatuksessa. Merkittäväksi koettiin henkilökunnan tunteminen, henkilökunnan sitoutuminen lapsen tukemiseen, varhaiserityisopettajan kokemat haasteet työssään ja toiminta eri yhteistyötahojen kanssa.
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Liukkonen, S. (Sonja). "Avotulea ei saa sytyttää metsäpalovaaran aikana:yläkouluikäisten suhtautuminen suomen kielen vokaalivartaloistumiseen." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201806092548.
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Pfaff, Barry Lynn. "Overwhelming the SAA System of Delivery UAVs by Drone Swarming." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1547320945312377.
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Monteiro, Fabíola Branco Filippin. "Papel da amilóide sérica A (SAA) nos processos de proliferação e diferenciação de pré-adipócitos 3T3-L1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-23082013-154210/.
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Considerando que a SAA é uma proteína de fase aguda e que uma concentração elevada desta proteína é observada em pacientes obesos e com resistência à insulina, estimulou-se pré-adipócitos murinos 3T3-L1 a baixas concentrações de rSAA durante o processo de proliferação e diferenciação. Ensaios de incorporação de [metil-3H]-timidina, ciclo e viabilidade celular por citometria de fluxo foram realizados, assim como genes adipogênicos foram determinados durante a fase de diferenciação. Ainda, investigou-se a participação da rSAA metabolismo da glicose, bem como a expressão do seu receptor GLUT4 e os perfis de lipólise. Como resultados, obteve-se que a rSAA causou um aumento na proliferação celular assim como na porcentagem de células na fase S. Este efeito foi dose dependente e mediado via sinalização da ERK1/2. Ainda, rSAA inibiu a diferenciação por meio da diminuição da expressão de fatores transcrição (PPARγ, C/EBPβ e C/EBPα) e proteínas adipogênicas (FABP4 e perilipina). Em relação à captação de 2-desoxi-[1,2-3H]-D-glicose, a rSAA preveniu este processo, corroborando com os resultados de expressão diminuída receptor GLUT4. Ainda, o aumento da lipólise provocada pela rSAA, favorece resistência à insulina no modelo estudado. Portanto, conclui-se que a SAA aumenta a proliferação mas inibe a diferenciação de células 3T3-L1 sugerindo papel importante desta proteína no processo de adipogênese.Considering that SAA is an acute phase protein and increased serum levels are associated with chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and obesity, we first examined the possibility that rSAA could affect proliferation and differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with recombinant human SAA and [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and viability were performed. Also, gene expression profiles of adipogenic factor were performed during differentiation protocol as well as glucose uptake, GLUT4 gene expression and lipolysis assay. rSAA caused an increment in cell proliferation consisted with FACS analysis with a percentage of cells in the S phase. Cell proliferation was mediated by ERK1/2 signaling pathway and in dose-dependent manner. Also, SAA inhibited differentiation process by decreasing adipogenic genes PPARγ, C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and proteins FABP4, and perilipin expression. Also, rSAA prevented 2-deoxy-[1,2-3H]-glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression. In addiction, lipolysis was increased favoring insulin resistance in 3T3L1 adipogenic model. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that rSAA enhances proliferation but prevents differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, supporting a even more complex participation, than previously expected, of inflammatory proteins the adipogenic process.
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Postigo, Miguel Angel Orellana. "Processo de especificação de arquitetura ODP aplicado no gerenciamento de facilidades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-12122011-143624/.
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O Gerenciamento de Facilidades é considerado por muitos autores como um campo interdisciplinar dedicado a garantir a funcionalidade do ambiente construído através da integração de pessoas, lugar, processos e tecnologia. Para desenvolver um modelo arquitetônico que possa ser usado para lidar com a Gerência Facilidades (GF), é primeiramente necessário estabelecer o papel que ele deve ter nos negócios, como deve executar esses papéis e então verificar se ele atinge esses requisitos. Um ponto crítico no desenvolvimento de um modelo para gerenciar facilidades é a falta de uma arquitetura corporativa; devido a que os sistemas prediais e outros sistemas referentes à infraestrutura foram concebidos sem uma visão de GF; por outro lado, estes sistemas normalmente são compostos por diversas tecnologias heterogêneas às quais para funcionar corretamente, devem satisfazer exigências como desempenho, confiabilidade, portabilidade, escalabilidade e interoperatividade, entre outras. Este trabalho de dissertação propõe utilizar uma arquitetura de objetos distribuídos para otimizar o processo de GF, aplicado em um caso real, especificamente em uma indústria de eletroeletrônicos do Pólo Industrial de Manaus. O objetivo de utilizar a referida arquitetura é para reduzir a sua complexidade através da abstração e separação de requisitos de projeto e, ao mesmo tempo, direcionar os passos que serão tomados pelas tarefas envolvidas. O método proposto para atingir tal objetivo é a identificação do processo de GF, a especificação, onde a informação obtida será classificada em forma de visões utilizando o RM-ODP, e a modelagem, onde se analisa as complexidades, como relacionamentos, dependências e limitações do processo de negócios, objetivando elaborar uma arquitetura que será implementada nos domínios de aplicação do processo de GF.The Facilities Management is considered by many authors as an interdisciplinary field devoted to ensure the functionality of the built environment by integrating people, place, process and technology. To develop an architectural model that can be used to deal with management facilities, it is first necessary to establish the role that it must have in business, how to perform these roles and then see if it achieves these requirements. A critical point in developing a model for managing facilities is the lack of an enterprise architecture, due to the building systems and other systems related to infrastructure were designed without a vision of FM on the other hand, these systems usually consist of several heterogeneous technologies in which to function properly must meet requirements such as performance, reliability, portability, scalability and interoperability, among others. This dissertation work proposes to use distributed object architecture to optimize the process of Facilities Management, applied in a real case, especially in a consumer electronics industry of the Industrial Pole of Manaus. The purpose of using this architecture is to reduce complexity through abstraction and separation of design requirements, while directing the steps to be taken by the tasks involved. The proposed method for achieving this goal is the identification of the FM process, specifying where the information obtained will be sorted in order of views using the RM-ODP, and modeling which analyzes the complexities, such as relationships, dependencies and constraints in the process of business, aiming to develop an architecture that will be implemented in the areas of application of the FM process.
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Maripuu, Linda. "Superantigens in group A streptococcus : gene diversity and humoral immune response." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46454.
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Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a strictly human pathogen that causes infections ranging from asymptomatic carriage to the highly lethal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). GAS are classified according to the sequence of the variable 5’ end of the emm-gene that encodes the surface associated M-protein. In the late 1980s, outbreaks of GAS infections with high rates of STSS were reported in several parts of the world, including Sweden. Superantigens (SAgs), a group of exotoxins, have been described as key mediators of STSS due to their capacity to polyclonally activate T-cells and induce a massive release of inflammatory cytokines. Previous reports have revealed that sera from STSS patients have lower capacity to neutralize this SAg-mediated immune stimulation and a higher prevalence of GAS isolates with specific emm-genotypes during disease outbreaks. The aims of this thesis were to analyse the protective antibody response mounted by the host against SAgs produced by the infecting GAS isolate and to characterise the isolates emm-genotypes and SAg gene profiles. The clinical material examined was collected from patients with STSS, sepsis, erysipelas, or tonsillitis in Sweden between 1986 and 2001. Both acute- and convalescence-phase sera were analyzed, along with the infecting GAS isolates. The 92 clinical GAS isolates examined were found to exhibit a high degree of genetic diversity in terms of the number and identity of their SAg genes. Isolates with a given emm-genotype could be divided into subgroups on the basis of their SAg gene profiles. Ten different SAg gene profiles were identified in the 45 emm1 isolates examined; one of these ten was highly persistent, being observed in 22 isolates collected over 14 years. Two of the 11 known SAg genes in GAS, smeZ-1 and speA, were more prevalent in the emm1 associated profiles than in the SAg gene profiles of isolates with other emm-genotypes. Patients infected by GAS with the emm1-genotype were less likely to produce acute-phase sera that could effectively neutralize the T-cell mitogenicity induced by the infecting isolate’s extracellular products (EP). Sepsis patients whose sera exhibited this lack of neutralizing ability were more prone to developing STSS. Most patients whose acute-phase sera did not effectively neutralize the EP from the infecting isolate lacked protective antibodies in their convalescent-phase sera despite having elevated ELISA titers. The results reported herein show that combining SAg gene profiling with emm-genotyping may be useful for tracking the spread of GAS clones in the community. It was also shown that a lack of neutralizing activity in convalescence-phase sera might be due to an inability of those patients to mount a protective immune response against SAgs produced by the infecting GAS isolate.
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Hall, Julie Suzanne. "Aerosol chemistry and air-snow transfer in coastal Antarctica." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54546/.
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The aims of this dissertation are to better understand the sources of aerosol particles reaching coastal Antarctica, and the processes that control aerosol deposition to the snow surface and inclusion into the ice. Daily collections of aerosol particles and surface snow samples were made from British Antarctic Survey base, Halley. Aerosol and snow sea salt were found to have maximum concentrations during the austral winter and non sea salt sulphate and methane sulphonic acid concentrations peaked during the summer, confirming previous work by other authors. These species were compared with local meterological events (such as wind speed and direction) to identify a source for particularly high concentration events. Winter sea salt was found to have a local source, consisting probably of concentrated brine pools on surfaces of freshly formed sea ice and needle-like structures, known as frost flowers, which form from the pools. The sea salt component of these high events was also found to be fractionated, with a deficit of sodium sulphate (mirabilite). Methane sulphonic acid and nonsea salt sulphate did not appear to have a local source. Instead, using back trajectories of air mass origins to identify a longer range aerosol source, high concentration events were associated with the air mass having passed over an area of open water several days before reaching Halley. The processes of aerosol deposition to the snow surface were then quantified. Dry, fog and wet deposition, sublimation, wind pumping, blowing and drifting snow were examined experimentally and theoretically. For this coastal Antarctic location, wet deposition was found to be highly dominant (80%). Dry deposition accounted for about 10% and drifting and blowing snow were found to be important in determining whether a snowfall event remained recorded in the accumulated snow record, and ultimately in any ice core. This thesis has suggested that for sea salt, methane sulphonic acid (MSA) and non sea salt sulphate, there may be an alternate way of interpreting concentrations of these species in coastal Antarctic ice cores. Rather than an indication of increased storminess and long range transport, high loadings of sea salt could actually give information on the extent of new, fresh sea ice and could therefore be used to infer the local temperature, sea ice extent and possible wind direction at the time of core formation. Elevated MSA and non sea salt sulphate concentrations in ice cores could also give us information on the extent of open water and not simply an increase in marine biogenic activity and DMS emissions.
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Cai, Xiaoping. "Inflammatory Serum Amyloid A and Its Impact on Vascular and Renal Function." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23100.
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Introduction: Serum Amyloid A (SAA) increases its concentration up to 1000-fold in an acute inflammation and can continue the high concentration to chronic stage of diseases, including diabetes, rheumatic diseases, vascular atherosclerosis and renal failure. HDL is believed to be a protective element in the process of atherosclerosis. Our hypothesis is to investigate the function of SAA in stimulating endothelial cells migration and proliferation. We also aim to certify that supplemental HDL has the ability to mask the inflammation and pre-atherosclerotic process induced by SAA. In addition, we are to explore that purified HDL may be the potential therapy to weaken the process of chronic pathology caused by increasing SAA. Methods: HCtAE cells were stimulated via different concentration of SAA for 6 hours and the migration, proliferation were assessed after the stimulation. The gene expression of TNF, TF, NFκB, VEGF, etc was examined. In Western blotting the expression of p-P65 and NFκB was assessed. Apoe gene knockout (ApoE-/-) C57 mice were randomly allocated to four groups that received saline as a vehicle control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg/mL, the same time as SAA) as a parallel (second) control, recombinant SAA group and pre-treated with HDL before SAA group. The amount of LPS administered according to the contamination levels in the SAAtreatment group to eliminate the effect from this low level of LPS contained in the recombinant SAA used here. The samples were collected in early stage as young group and late stage as old group. The samples included urine, plasma, heart tissue, aorta, kidneys and other vital organs for further biochemical and molecular analysis. Results: SAA induced the expression of TNF, pro-coagulative tissue factor (F3), NFκB and P65. SAA also increased HCtEC expression of VEGF, migration and proliferation, which was inhibited by multi-angiokinase receptor inhibitor BIBF1120. In animal work conducted in this study, administration of SAA induced the inflammatory factors TNF, TF, NFκB, and this expression was evident early 2 weeks after cessation of SAA treatment (young group) and at 16 weeks after cessation of SAA treatment (old group), which were partially reversed by co-supplementation with human HDL. In addition, the contaminated LPS did not elicit these effects caused by SAA. In aorta histochemistry staining, the lesion size in HDL group was not eliminated, however, the ! IV! size was significantly decreased compared to the SAA group. The biochemical and biological assessment of renal function, HDL/SAA group was not as severe as the SAA group. Conclusions: Outcomes from an experimental cell model of inflammation collectively indicate that SAA induces inflammatory pathways, cellular migration and proliferation, while multi-angiokinase receptor inhibitor BIBF1120 inhibits the proangiogenic activity of SAA on vascular endothelial cells. In the ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis, supplemented HDL has ability to reverse the inflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects induced by SAA in both acute and chronic stages. The NFκB plays a crucial role in the pathway of SAA induction.
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Lindberg, Elisabeth. "The overhead line sag dependence on weather parameters and line current." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168528.
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As the demand for energy increases, as well as the demand for renewable energy, Vattenfall, as network owner, receives many requests to connect new wind power to the grid. The limiting factor for how much wind power that can be connected to the grid is in this case the maximum current capacity of the overhead lines that is based on a line temperature limit. The temperature limit is set to ensure a safety distance between the lines and the ground. This master thesis project is a part of a research project at Vattenfall Research and Development that is examining the possibilities of increasing the allowed current on overhead lines in order to be able to connect more wind power to the existing network. Measured data from two overhead lines in southern Sweden is analyzed and the internal relations between the measured parameters are examined. The measured parameters are overhead line sag, line temperature, ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and line current. The results indicate that there is a big load margin that could be utilized to increase the maximum current as long as further work could show that low winds at line height correlates with low wind at nacelle height. The results show that the sag versus line temperature is approximately linear within the measured temperature range. This means that a real-time-monitoring system measuring the line temperature should give adequate knowledge of the line position to ensure the safety distance. A model for the line temperature as a function of insolation, current, ambient temperature and wind speed has been estimated for one of the lines. Simulations show that a sudden increase in current at a worst-case scenario would give the operators about ten minutes to react before the line reaches the temperature limit.
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Burgess, James J. "Natural modes and impulsive motions of a horizontal shallow sag cable." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15281.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.
Bibliography: leaves 114-116.
by James J. Burgess.
Ph.D.
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Chan, Jhan Yhee. "Framework for assessment of economic feasibility of voltage sag mitigation solutions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/framework-for-assessment-of-economic-feasibility-of-voltage-sag-mitigation-solutions(9b048da6-1de3-48e1-a533-3ae6b85edc73).html.
Full textAbstract:
Current practices of power quality mitigation in the industry are characterized by sub-optimal investment decisions where over compensation is often the norm such causing huge wastage in financial resources. Providing power quality management services to industrial customers in the form of power quality contracts could yield substantial return for the network operator. With better understanding of network parameters, and the option of installing network level mitigation devices, network operators could employ wider range of cost effective mitigation solutions. Tapping into the market however, entails bearing the risks for the customers which network operators are not always willing or encouraged to do. With potentially millions at stake, extensive risk assessments are crucial for any proposed power quality management scheme. This thesis investigates the voltage sag aspect of the problem as part of a larger power quality management scheme. The aim is to develop general framework for technical and financial assessments of voltage sags prior to the introduction of power quality management service. The thesis focuses on five major aspects of voltage sag assessment: identification of customer requirement, financial loss assessment, network sag performance estimation, sag mitigation, and financial appraisal of mitigating solutions. The first part of the thesis gives a comprehensive overview of current power quality problems faced by industrial customers and provides ranges of typical financial losses incurred by different types of industries around the world. It then proposes robust methodology for assessment of typical financial loss, i.e., customized customer damage function (CCDF), for a given industry based on available survey data and taking into account characteristics of the assessed customer plant. For failure and financial risk assessments, the thesis introduces new customer models employing probabilistic methods to quantify risks induced by voltage sags and proposes generic models that incorporate full flexibility in failure risk assessment, taking into account the effect of unbalanced sags on equipment behavior. It further quantifies the error introduced by sag performance estimation using limited monitoring data with a case study on actual sag profile. It demonstrates how different estimation methods and different durations of monitoring period affect accuracy of estimation of voltage sag profile and associated risk of industrial process failure. Following this, the thesis presents new models for plant and network level sag mitigation devices. They include power injecting mitigation devices, devices that reduce number of faults in the network and devices that reduce the severity of faults. Developed models are then used to investigate the cost-effectiveness of sag mitigation at different levels. Finally, the thesis presents Genetic Algorithm based methodology for deciding on optimal investment scheme in voltage sag mitigation in the network. The sensitivity of the solution to various influential parameters, including plant type and size, sensitive equipment type, process characteristics, financial loss resulting from process interruption, cost and effectiveness of mitigating solution and network fault rates is also established.
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Welschinger, Robert. "Role of host response to hepadnavirus sAg in immunity and recovery." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27987.
Full textAbstract:
Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major global health problem affecting many
millions of people. Individuals infected by perinatal transmission, become life long
chronic carriers. They constitute a reservoir for the dissemination of infection, and
many develop major health problems, such as cirrhosis, and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), later in life. Although new transmission can be limited by the use
of a protein-based vaccine, the number of carriers continue to rise because the
vaccine remains unavailable in many high prevalence, low-income areas. Treatment
with nucleoside analogues and interferon is prolonged, expensive, and out of reach
for most carriers. An inexpensive therapeutic vaccine which might be effective in
established human carriers would have an immediate impact on a major global
problem.
The first part of this study was undertaken to identify critical virus and host factors
responsible for recovery from DHBV infection. The DHBV model has been pivotal
in understanding the immunopathogenesis of hepadnaviral infections, and recent
advances have opened the way to investigation of immunopathology.
Initially, the effect of age and dose on the kinetics, and outcome of infection was
investigated, to define conditions where viral clearance could be studied. A biphasic
pattern of infection was discovered, in which an initial peak of viraemia was cleared,
only to be followed by rebound, and subsequent persistence. A mutation near the
start of the surface open reading frame was identified in these cases, associated with
attempted clearance of the infection. Transmission studies determined that the
replication competency of the mutant genome was less than that of the wild type
genome.
Because of earlier reports that immune response to DHBs predicted viral clearance,
theoretical modelling of the surface gene was performed to determine the effect of
the mutation on the genome, and associated polymerase protein. Irnmunogenic
predictions for the S gene sequence were also undertaken and tested experimentally.
A lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to determine the CMI response of na'1've,
carrier, and protein vaccinated ducks to peptides spanning the surface protein. A
DNA vaccine, was produced based on a polytope incorporating 7 peptides to which
immune ducks selectively respond. This vaccine stimulated production of
neutralising antibodies in naive ducks, and also induced a 90% reduction in the
average level of Viraemia in chronically infected ducks. Such evidence suggests that
co-operation of B- and T-cells occurs when these epitopes interact with the immune
response.
A feature of the duck'model system is that the cellular and humoral arms of the
immune system can be modulated by surgical removal of the thymus, or bursa of
Fabricius. The effect of reducing the total number of B- or T-cells on the outcome of
DHBV infection was examined. Contrary to expectation, bursectomised ducks
cleared the infection less efficiently than thymectomised ducks. While this indicates
that antibodies play an essential role in clearance, such selective depletion of
suppressor T-cells by thymectomy, may also promote removal of the virus.
The findings encourage further work into DNA vaccines with the expectation that
incorporating a broader repertoire of peptides, in combination with cytokine
sequences, will increase efficacy, to a level greater than current antiviral therapy.
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Shaw, Timothy. "Reconstructing historical sea-level trends for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using salt-marsh foraminifera." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18033/.
Full textAbstract:
The application of salt-marsh foraminifera to reconstruct historical sea-level trends was investigated for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using a transfer function approach. This technique, whilst well practised from north Atlantic sites along the shores of America and UK, has previously evaded any published study in the Mediterranean region. A total of 70 surface samples were collected across separate transects established at two micro-tidal salt-marsh sites from the central Croatian coastline to establish a modern dataset of foraminifera. In addition, environmental variables were also investigated including salinity, pH, organic matter, particle size, distance (from open water) and altitude, relative to the Croatian national datum. Three sediment cores were sampled for fossil foraminifera and composite chronologies involving short-lived radionuclides, radiocarbon dating and pollution indicators from XRF. Age-depth models were created using classical and Bayesian approaches. Quantitative analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages revealed on average three faunal zones in which characteristic species occurred. This comprised a faunal zone composed almost exclusively of agglutinated species; J. macrescens, T. inflata and M. fusca extending between mean tidal level (MTL) and beyond MHWST (higher altitude). A second faunal zone was more variable and comprised of a mixed assemblage of agglutinated species described above in addition to calcareous species; Ammonia spp., Elphidium spp., Haynesina germanica and Quinqueloculina spp. This zone spanned a large vertical range above and below MTL. In a third faunal zone calcareous species dominated and was restricted to the lower altitudes of the salt-marsh environments. Further quantitative measures were employed to test the hypothesis that foraminiferal distributions were controlled by altitude. Partial ordination techniques revealed altitude as a statistically significant control confirming their suitability as proxies for sea-level in transfer function reconstructions. An analysis of species environment relationships revealed strong linear response suggesting the use of PLS regression models. Transfer functions were then developed for both site specific and a total combined dataset, where small r2 jack values largely reflected the short environmental gradients despite relatively low predictions errors (RMSEP jack = <0.11). The total combined dataset was chosen and screened to remove sample outliers improving model performance (r2 jack = 0.54 and RMSEP jack = 0.08). Finally, the transfer function model was applied to core sediments to reconstruct mean sea-level where an inflexion observed at AD 1940 showed acceleration comparable to other proxy reconstructions. Indeed this trend was similar to instrumental data from Trieste tide-gauge records. Similarly the transfer function reconstruction identifies the dramatic increases in MSL observed in both tide-gauge (Split and Trieste) and satellite observations since the early 1990s.
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Gogula, Madhuri. "The impact of modern headlamps on the design of sag vertical curves." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3779.
Full textAbstract:
Incorporating safety in the design of a highway is one of the foremost duties of a design
engineer. Design guidelines provide standards that help engineers include safety in the
design of various geometric features. However, design guidelines are not frequently
revised and do not accommodate for the frequent changes in vehicle design. One such
example is the change in vehicle headlamps. These changes significantly impact the
illuminance provided on the road and in turn the design formula.
Roadway visibility is critical for nighttime driving. In the absence of roadway
lighting, vehicle headlamps illuminate the road ahead of a vehicle. Sag vertical curve
design depends on the available headlight sight distance provided by the 1 degree
upward diverging headlamp beam. The sag curve design formulas were developed in
the early 1940s when sealed beam headlamps were predominant. However, headlamps
have changed significantly and modern headlamps project less light above the horizontal
axis. In this research, the difference in illuminance provided by sealed beam headlamps
and modern headlamps was examined. For the theoretical analysis, three different sag
curves were analyzed. On these curves, about 26 percent reduction in illuminance was observed at a distance equal to the stopping sight distance when comparing sealed beam
to modern headlamps. A change in the headlamp divergence angle from 1.0 degree to
0.85 degree will provide the required illuminance on the road when using modern
headlamps. A field study was performed to validate the theoretical calculations. It was
observed that for modern headlamps, a divergence angle less than 1 degree and greater
than 0.5 degrees will provide illuminance values comparable to sealed beam headlamps.
As a part of this research, a preliminary study, examining the impact of degraded
headlamp lenses on the illuminance provided on sag vertical curves was conducted. A
significant reduction in illuminance reaching the roadway on sag curves was observed,
due to headlamp lens degradation.
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Pascual, Torner Maria. "Spatio-temporal processes explaining salp aggregations in the Catalan Sea, Northwestern Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400565.
Full textAbstract:
Salps are marine pelagic tunicates that have evolved opportunistic skills to bloom under favorable conditions and persist during adverse periods. They experience population outbursts (blooms) which, combined with their efficient feeding mechanism, produce several ecological and societal consequences. Although salp blooms are common in the Catalan Sea during spring and autumn, their
causes and effects on the ecosystem have never been studied in this area before. The general aim of the present thesis is to understand the spatial and temporal processes leading to salp blooms and estimate their trophic impact in the Catalan Sea, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, mechanistic (matrix models) and statistical models (GAMs) combined with in situ observations allowed us to propose the simplest mechanisms to account for bloom development. In contrast to previous hypotheses, we found that changes in female reproduction drive the population to latency under unfavorable conditions and trigger the bloom when conditions improve (Chapter 1). From a spatial scale, hydrodynamic factors mainly drove high local salp abundances, although biological variables
(predator abundance) had secondary importance (Chapter 2). We observed the coexistence of contrasting diel vertical migration (DVM) patterns in a salp (nocturnal and diurnal migrations), which explains controversial conclusions in previous studies, but brings new questions about the drivers of DVM in salps (Chapter 3). The two species found produced contrasting trophic impacts: Thalia
democratica was less abundant and its effect on the ecosystem seemed to be negligible while, Salpa fusiformis ingested a maximum of 69.92 mg C m-2 day-1 and defecated 35.76 mg C m-2 day-1, contributing to the transport of organic matter to the deep ocean (Chapter 2). Our findings contribute to general knowledge in salp ecology. They lead us to consider evolutionary demographic studies to
understand the potential benefits of their life cycle as an adaptation to environmental change and the mechanisms which maintain genetic variability after bloom-latency periods.Les salpes són tunicats pelàgics marins que han desenvolupat característiques oportunistes per a proliferar quan les condicions són favorables i mantenir-la en períodes adversos. Les altes abundàncies assolides durant un bloom, en combinació amb els seus mecanismes d’alimentació altament eficients, tenen un efecte notable pels ecosistemes així com per a la societat. Tot i que els blooms de salpes són comuns a la costa catalana durant primavera i tardor, les seves causes i el seu paper en l’ecosistema no s’han estudiat mai al mar Català. L’objectiu general de la present tesi és entendre els processos espacials i temporals que condueixen a formar les agregacions de salpes i estimar el seu paper en el mar Català, nord-oest del Mediterrani. Per assolir aquesta fita, s’han combinat models mecanístics (models matricials) i estadístics (GAMs) amb observacions in situ que ens han permès proposar els mecanismes més simples que expliquen el desenvolupament d’un bloom. Hem vist que canvis en la reproducció de les femelles serien els responsables del fre del creixement poblacional durant el període de latència i el detonador del bloom quan les condicions es tornen favorables (Capítol 1). Des d’un punt de vista espacial, l’abundància local de salpes està influenciada principalment per factors físics tot i que les variables biològiques juguen un paper secundari (Capítol 2). Per primer cop s’ha observat la coexistència de patrons diferents de migració vertical diürna (DVM) en una salpa (migració diürna i nocturna en Salpa fusiformis), la qual cosa explica les conclusions contradictòries d’estudis anteriors, però obre noves preguntes sobre els mecanismes de la DVM en salpes. Les dues especies presents en l’estudi produïren impactes tròfics molt diferents: l’impacte de Thalia democratica, va ser quasi negligible degut a la seva baixa abundància mentre que S. fusiformis va ingerir un màxim de 69.92 mgC m-2 dia-1 i defecar 35.76 mgC m-2 dia-1, incrementant considerablement el flux de matèria orgànica cap a l’oceà profund (Capítol 2). Els resultats d’aquesta tesi contribueixen a l’ecologia general de les salpes i ens han portat a la necessitat de plantejar estudis de demografia evolutiva per entendre l’efecte del seu cicle de vida en l’adaptació de la població a canvis ambientals i en el manteniment de la variabilitat genètica entre períodes de latència-bloom.
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Chen, Shelley L. "Programs for calculating high temperature ampacity and sag for overhead electrical conductors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17933.
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Romero, Bertrán Delia Patricia, and Gallesi Antonio José Villar. "Sistema de asignación de operaciones de SAB Sociedad Agente de Bolsa S.A." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273707.
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