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1
Arnheim, Katharina. "SG-BCC 2019 ++ SG-BCC 2019 ++ SG-BCC 2019." Im Fokus Onkologie 22, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15015-019-0116-4.
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Yadalam, Sujay, Vinod Ganapathy, and Arkaprava Basu. "SG XL." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 18, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3433983.
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Kukkala, Vipin Kumar, Sudeep Pasricha, and Thomas Bradley. "JAMS-SG." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 24, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355392.
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Ze-yao, Zhu, Zhan Chun-xia, and Zhang Qi-zhong. "Synthesis and Identification of SG-BSA and SG-OVA." Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 21, no. 2 (June 2014): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-8104(14)60035-0.
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Lefebvre, Jean-Pierre. "Celan – SG – Schuttkahn." Po&sie 126, no. 4 (2008): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/poesi.126.0039.
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Kittmer, C. A. "SG performance monitor." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88662-0.
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Lin, Zunqi, Ximing Deng, Dianyuan Fan, Shiji Wang, Shaohe Chen, Jianqing Zhu, Liejia Qian, et al. "SG-II laser elementary research and precision SG-II program." Fusion Engineering and Design 44, no. 1-4 (February 1999): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00308-1.
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Soodchomshom, Bumned, I.-Ming Tang, and Rassmidara Hoonsawat. "Josephson current in a graphene SG/ferromagnetic barrier/SG junction." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 468, no. 24 (December 2008): 2361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2008.08.012.
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Crossley, David, Marta Calvo, Severine Rosat, and Jacques Hinderer. "More Thoughts on AG–SG Comparisons and SG Scale Factor Determinations." Pure and Applied Geophysics 175, no. 5 (March 22, 2018): 1699–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-018-1834-9.
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Yan, Ke Le, Yu Lin, and Wang Qian. "Absorption Behavior of Methanol Vapor on the Silica Gels." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.156.
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The adsorption behavior of methanol vapor onto three commercial silica gels named SG-1, SG-2 and SG-3 were investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that SG-1 has the rich microporous, and the larger surface area and microporous volume than SG-2 and SG-3. The equilibrium adsorption data showed that the adsorption capacities of SG-1 was superior to SG-2 and SG-3 for lower concentration of methanol (<150 g/m3). However, SG-2 had higher adsorption capacities than SG-1 and SG-3 for higher concentration of methanol resulting from the condensation in mesopore channels. Three kinds of adsorption equilibrium equations including Langmuir equation, Freundlich equation and Dubinin-Astakov (D-A) equation were used to fit the methanol vapor adsorption isotherms. The results indicated that the experimental data can be well-fitted by D-A equation.
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Zhu, Zhanyong, Xilin Yang, Zhong Wang, Yueqiang Zhao, Mosheng Yu, and Huajun Fan. "Sleeve Gastrectomy With Modified Jejunoileal Bypass Model in Goto-Kakizaki Rats." International Surgery 101, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00162.1.
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The objective of this study was to develop a nonobese diabetic rat model for sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) and to investigate its effectiveness and safety for inducing diabetic control. Thirty-five 13-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly assigned to the pair-fed to sham-operated SG/MJIB (PFSO-SG/MJIB), SG/MJIB, PFSO-SG, SG, and control groups. The experimental period was 16 weeks postoperatively. Body weight; food intake; glycemic control outcomes; and ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and insulin levels were measured. The operated and PFSO groups showed significant weight loss 4 weeks postoperatively compared with the controls. The SG/MJIB and SG groups exhibited a significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance compared with the PFSO and control groups. The improved effects in the SG/MJIB group were better than those in the SG group. The SG/MJIB and SG groups showed decreased fasting ghrelin levels and increased levels of GLP-1 secretion 2 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Compared with the SG group, only the SG/MJIB group showed higher glucose-stimulated GLP-1 levels and significantly improved insulin secretion. SG/MJIB may be an effective, steady hypoglycemic surgical model, showing better diabetic control than SG. The hindgut may play a direct role in ameliorating glucose homeostasis.
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Woulfe, Donna S., Joanne Klimas Lilliendahl, Shelley August, Lubica Rauova, M. Anna Kowalska, Magnus Åbrink, Gunnar Pejler, James G. White, and Barbara P. Schick. "Serglycin proteoglycan deletion induces defects in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mice." Blood 111, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 3458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-07-104703.
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Abstract Serglycin (SG), the hematopoietic cell secretory granule proteoglycan, is crucial for storage of specific secretory proteins in mast cells, neutrophils, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We addressed the role of SG in platelets using SG−/− mice. Wild-type (WT) but not SG−/− platelets contained chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Electron microscopy revealed normal α-granule structure in SG−/− platelets. However, SG−/− platelets and megakaryocytes contained unusual scroll-like membranous inclusions, and SG−/− megakaryocytes showed extensive emperipolesis of neutrophils. SG−/− platelets had reduced ability to aggregate in response to low concentrations of collagen or PAR4 thrombin receptor agonist AYPGKF, and reduced fibrinogen binding after AYPGKF, but aggregated normally to ADP. 3H-serotonin and ATP secretion were greatly reduced in SG−/− platelets. The α-granule proteins platelet factor 4, β-thromboglobulin, and platelet-derived growth factor were profoundly reduced in SG−/− platelets. Exposure of P-selectin and αIIb after thrombin treatment was similar in WT and SG−/− platelets. SG−/− mice exhibited reduced carotid artery thrombus formation after exposure to FeCl3. This study demonstrates that SG is crucial for platelet function and thrombus formation. We propose that SG−/− platelet function deficiencies are related to inadequate packaging and secretion of selected α-granule proteins and reduced secretion of dense granule contents critical for platelet activation.
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Tuong, Zewen K., Patrick Lau, Jeremy C. Yeo, Michael A. Pearen, Adam A. Wall, Amanda C. Stanley, Jennifer L. Stow, and George E. O. Muscat. "Disruption of Rorα1 and Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Expression Attenuates Phagocytosis in Male Rorαsg/sg Mice." Endocrinology 154, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1889.
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We and others have previously demonstrated that congenital deficiency of the nuclear hormone receptor, Rorα1, in staggerer (sg/sg) mice results in resistance to diet-induced obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. Paradoxically, the sg/sg mice are susceptible to atherosclerosis and display impaired innate immunity, underscoring the regulatory links between metabolic disease, inflammation, and susceptibility to infection. Here, we present novel evidence that Rorα1 regulates innate immune function by demonstrating impaired phagocytosis in sg/sg mice. The early stages of Fc-γ receptor-mediated phagocytosis in lipopolysaccharide-activated sg/sg bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were significantly impaired compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, in sg/sg BMMs, the phagocytic cup membranes had reduced levels of cholesterol. Expression profiling revealed dysregulated expression of genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism in sg/sg BMMs. Notably, we identified decreased expression of the mRNA encoding cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h), an enzyme that converts cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), an oxysterol with emerging roles in immunity. Treatment of sg/sg BMMs with 25HC rescued phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of Ch25h mRNA expression in wild-type cells attenuated phagocytosis. Hence, we propose that 25HC is essential for optimizing membrane internalization during phagocytosis and that aberrant Ch25h expression in Rorα1-deficient sg/sg macrophages disrupts phagocytosis. Our studies reveal new roles for Rorα1, Ch25h, and 25HC in phagocytosis. Aberrant 25HC underpins the paradoxical association between insulin sensitivity and impaired innate immunity in Rorα1-deficient mice, heralding a wider and essential role for this oxysterol at the nexus of metabolism and immunity.
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Darwesh, Halgwrd M., and Nawroz O. Hassan. "Sg- Continuity in Topological Spaces." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 17, no. 3 (April 19, 2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10400.
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Braga, Tiago, Mirjana Grujic, Agneta Lukinius, Lars Hellman, Magnus Åbrink, and Gunnar Pejler. "Serglycin proteoglycan is required for secretory granule integrity in mucosal mast cells." Biochemical Journal 403, no. 1 (March 13, 2007): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061257.
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SG (serglycin) PGs (proteoglycans) are strongly implicated in the assembly of MC (mast cell) granules. However, this notion has mainly been on the basis of studies of MCs of the connective tissue subtype, whereas the role of SG PG in mucosal MCs has not been explored. In the present study, we have addressed the latter issue by using mice with an inactivated SG gene. Bone marrow cells were differentiated in vitro into the mucosal MC phenotype, expressing the markers mMCP (mouse MC protease) -1 and -2. Biosynthetic labelling experiments performed on these cells revealed an ∼80% reduction of 35SO42− incorporation into PGs recovered from SG−/− cells as compared with SG+/+ counterparts, indicating that SG is the dominating cell-associated PG of mucosal MCs. Moreover, the absence of SG led to defective metachromatic staining of mucosal MCs, both in vivo and in the in vitro-derived mucosal MCs. Ultrastructural analysis showed that granules were present in similar numbers in SG+/+ and SG−/− cells, but that their morphology was markedly affected by the absence of SG, e.g. with electron-dense core formation only seen in SG+/+ granules. Analysis of the MC-specific proteases showed that mMCP-1 and mMCP-7 were completely independent of SG for storage, whereas mMCP-2 showed a partial dependence. In contrast, mMCP-4 and -6, and carboxypeptidase A were strongly dependent on SG for storage. Together, our data indicate that SG PG is of crucial importance for assembly of mature mucosal MC granules, but that the specific dependence on SG for storage varies between individual granule constituents.
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Lou, Qiang, Yanzhong Hu, Yanfang Ma, and Zheng Dong. "RNA interference may suppress stress granule formation by preventing argonaute 2 recruitment." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 316, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): C81—C91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00251.2018.
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RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is formed during RNA interference (RNAi), whereas stress granules (SG) are assembled in response to cellular stress. Here, we demonstrate an interesting connection between RISC and SG that may involve argonaute 2 (Ago2), a core component of RISC. We analyzed SG induction by arsenite, the commonly used SG inducer. SG formation was suppressed in heat shock transcription factor 1 (Hsf1) or hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif1α) shRNA-transfected cells but not in Hsf1 or Hif1α-knockout cells, suggesting that RNAi per se (rather than gene deficiency) may account for the suppressive effect on SG. In support, the suppressive effect of RNAi on SG formation was reversed by the RISC-loading inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid. In non-RNAi cells, arsenite induced the accumulation of Ago2 in SGs as shown by its colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation with SG proteins, but Ago2 was not recruited to SG in the cells with RNAi. Consistently, arsenite induced the dissociation of Ago2 from RISC proteins in non-RNAi cells but not in RNAi cells. CRISPR-Cas9-medicated ablation of Ago2 attenuated SG formation during arsenite treatment, suggesting a critical role of Ago2 in SG assembly. Together, these results indicate that RISC and SG may compete for some key components, such as Ago2. In response to cellular stress, Ago2 is recruited for SG assembly; however, during RNAi, Ago2 is held in RISC, becoming unavailable for SG formation.
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Comerlato, Enio Alberto, Rosana Hermínia Scola, and Lineu César Werneck. "Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: an immunohistochemical diagnostic approach." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 2a (June 2005): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000200009.
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The limb-girdle muscle dystrophy (LGMD) represents a heterogeneous group of muscular diseases with dominant and recessive inheritance, individualized by gene mutation. A group of 56 patients, 32 males and 24 females, with suggestive LGMD diagnosis were submitted to clinical evaluation, serum muscle enzymes, electromyography, muscle biopsy, and the immunoidentification (ID) of sarcoglycans (SG) alpha, beta, gamma and delta, dysferlin and western blot for calpain-3. All the patients had normal ID for dystrophin (rod domain, carboxyl and amine terminal). The alpha-SG was normal in 42 patients, beta-SG in 28, beta-SG in 45, delta-SG in 32, dysferlin in 37 and calpain-3 in 9. There was a reduction in the alpha-SG in 7 patients, beta-SG in 4, gamma-SG in 2, and delta-SG in 8. There was deficiency of alpha-SG in 7 patients, beta-SG in 6, gamma-SG in 9, delta-SG in 5, dysferlin in 8, and calpain-3 in 5. The patients were grouped according the ID as sarcoglycans deficiency 18 cases, dysferlin deficiency 8 cases and calpain-3 deficiency 5 cases. Only the sarcoglycans deficiency group showed calf hypertrophy. The dysferlin deficiency group was more frequent in females and the onset was later than sarcoglycan and calpain-3 deficiency groups. The calpain-3 deficiency group occurred only in males and showed an earlier onset and weaker muscular strength.
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Kantavichai, Rapeepan, David G. Briggs, and Eric C. Turnblom. "Effect of thinning, fertilization with biosolids, and weather on interannual ring specific gravity and carbon accumulation of a 55-year-old Douglas-fir stand in western Washington." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-168.
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Marketing timber is shifting from logs, lumber, and veneer measured volumetrically to include carbon storage and energy that are based on dry mass. Conversion between volume and dry mass relies on accurate estimates of wood specific gravity (SG). We measured width and SG of growth rings and their earlywood and latewood components with X-ray densitometry on trees from controlled, thinned, biosolid fertilized, and combined treatments applied to a 55-year-old Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand. We developed models to predict interannual SG from climate and treatment effects and compared 20 year changes in dry mass and carbon storage with estimates from biomass equations and from the Wood Handbook average SG. Thinning increased latewood width but did not affect ring SG. Biosolid fertilization increased earlywood and latewood width and decreased ring SG 8% by decreasing earlywood SG, latewood SG, and latewood percentage. SG decreased with increased July soil moisture deficit; alternatively, SG increased with increased July total precipitation. Warmer mean March–May or August–November temperatures also increased SG. Because of the effects on SG, dry mass and carbon storage changes differed from volume changes produced by the treatments. Dry mass estimates using the average Wood Handbook SG or those calculated from biomass equations were inconsistent between treatments, with errors up to 50%.
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Abu Tahari, Maratun Najiha, Azizul Hakim Lahuri, Zaitun Ghazali, Salma Samidin, Siti Sarahah Sulhadi, Norliza Dzakaria, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Application of Octadecylamine-Based Adsorbent on Carbon Dioxide Capture." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.367.
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Porous surface of silica gel (SG) have been modified with alkyl fatty amine compounds (octadecylamine, ODA) via wet impregnation process. The ODA-based adsorbents were physically characterized by XRD. The presence of crystalline peaks on ODA/SG diffractograms were ascertained the well-dispersion of ODA on the SG surface. XRD analysis displayed the increasing intensity of crystalline ODA with higher percent amine loaded and shifting of the several crystalline peaks of ODA verified the interaction of SG600-ODA. Capacity of CO2 capture by prepared solid adsorbents were evaluated using CO2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. This study shows that increasing percentage of ODA were improved the amount of CO2 uptake by following this trend: 35ODA/SG > 25ODA/SG > 15ODA/SG > SG > 5ODA/SG. However, promotion of 5 wt.% ODA unabled to enhance the capacity of CO2 captured due to pore blockage and reduction in SG pore surface, thus hindered the physisorption between CO2 and SG.
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Aulas, Anaïs, Guillaume Caron, Christos G. Gkogkas, Nguyen-Vi Mohamed, Laurie Destroismaisons, Nahum Sonenberg, Nicole Leclerc, J. Alex Parker, and Christine Vande Velde. "G3BP1 promotes stress-induced RNA granule interactions to preserve polyadenylated mRNA." Journal of Cell Biology 209, no. 1 (April 6, 2015): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201408092.
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G3BP1, a target of TDP-43, is required for normal stress granule (SG) assembly, but the functional consequences of failed SG assembly remain unknown. Here, using both transformed cell lines and primary neurons, we investigated the functional impact of this disruption in SG dynamics. While stress-induced translational repression and recruitment of key SG proteins was undisturbed, depletion of G3BP1 or its upstream regulator TDP-43 disturbed normal interactions between SGs and processing bodies (PBs). This was concomitant with decreased SG size, reduced SG–PB docking, and impaired preservation of polyadenylated mRNA. Reintroduction of G3BP1 alone was sufficient to rescue all of these phenotypes, indicating that G3BP1 is essential for normal SG–PB interactions and SG function.
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Asman, Saliza, Sharifah Mohamad, and Mohd Kamarulzaki Mustafa. "Sol-gel Approach in Molecular Imprinting for Crystal Violet Selective Recognition." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 1921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-08.
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A limitation of conventional MIP in thermal and mechanical stabilities condition, improper porosity and low adsorption capacity, give a reason to introduce a sol-gel method in molecular imprinting process recently. In this study, a synthesis of new sol-gel molecularly imprinted polymer (SG-MIP) was studied for crystal violet (CV) selective recognition. The control non-molecularly imprinted polymer (SG-NIP) was also synthesized as reference. The preparation of SG-MIP was introduced by a combination of the organic and inorganic mixture. The organic solution included the methacrylic acid, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and benzoyl peroxide which are monomer, crosslinker, and initiator, respectively. The inorganic solution involved the ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate: ethanol (1:1 v/v). The functional group analysis proved the successful synthesized SG-MIP and SG-NIP. The thermal analysis indicated high thermal stability for SG-MIP and SG-NIP, respectively. The morphology and surface analyses showed the respective different structures, surface, and porosity values between SG-MIP and SG-NIP, which influence the selectivity study and adsorption behaviour of SG-MIP toward CV adsorption. The result verified that the SG-MIP (4.900 mgg-1) has higher adsorption and higher selectivity characteristics compared to SG-NIP (4.432 mgg-1). The equilibrium data of kinetic and isotherm studies for SG-MIP and SG-NIP were well-fitted to the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.9997 and R2 = 0.9996) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9500 and R2 = 0.9764), respectively. The Freundlich isotherm was supported by the Scatchard plot instead of the Langmuir isotherm model.
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Kyytsönen, Maiju, Marco Tomietto, Moona Huhtakangas, and Outi Kanste. "Research on hospital-based shared governance: a scoping review." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 4 (July 7, 2020): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-04-2020-0032.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review research on hospital-based shared governance (SG), focussing on its core elements.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review was conducted by searching the Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Medic, ABI/INFORM Collection (ProQuest) and SveMed+ databases using SG and related concepts in hospital settings as search terms (May 1998–February 2019). Only original research articles examining SG were included. The reference lists of the selected articles were reviewed. Data were extracted from the selected articles by charting and then subjected to a thematic analysis.FindingsThe review included 13 original research articles that examined SG in hospital settings. The studied organizations had implemented SG in different ways, and many struggled to obtain satisfactory results. SG was executed within individual professions or multiple professions and was typically implemented at both unit- and organization-levels. The thematic analysis revealed six core elements of SG as follows: professionalism, shared decision-making, evidence-based practice, continuous quality improvement, collaboration and empowerment.Practical implicationsAn SG framework for hospital settings was developed based on the core elements of SG, the participants and the organizational levels involved. Hospitals considering SG should prepare for a time-consuming process that requires belief in the core elements of SG. The SG framework can be used as a tool to implement and strengthen SG in organizations.Originality/valueThe review resumes the tradition of systematically reviewing SG literature, which had not been done in the 21st century. General tendencies of the research scene and research gaps are pointed out.
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Caumo, Andrea, and Claudio Cobelli. "Letters to the Editor." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 274, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): E573—E576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.3.e573.
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The following is an abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Finegood, Diane T., and Dan Tzur. Reduced glucose effectiveness associated with reduced insulin release: an artifact of the minimal-model method. Am. J. Physiol. 271 ( Endocrinol. Metab. 34): E485–E495, 1996.—We previously demonstrated that minimal model-derived estimates of glucose effectiveness (SG), based on the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (SG FSIGT), were reduced in islet-transplanted or streptozotocin-treated dogs and in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To ascertain the validity of our observations, we compared SG FSIGT with estimates based on a basal hormone replacement glucose clamp (SG BRCLAMP) and a basal hormone replacement glucose tolerance test (SG BRGTT) in normal control (CNTL, n = 12) and streptozotocin-treated dogs with normal fasting plasma glucose (STZ-Rx, n = 9). SG FSIGT was reduced in STZ-Rx compared with CNTL ( P < 0.05). However, neither SG BRCLAMP nor SG BRGTT was reduced in the STZ-Rx group ( P > 0.05). Comparison of protocols for each subject indicated that SG FSIGT was greater than either SG BRCLAMP or SG BRGTT in control ( P < 0.002) but not in STZ-Rx dogs ( P > 0.1). The relationship of SG FSIGT to insulin secretory function suggests that our previous conclusion that SG FSIGT was reduced in subjects with limited insulin release may be an artifact of the minimal-model method. Our results suggest that caution must be exercised in the interpretation of differences in minimal-model estimates of SG between subject groups with significantly different levels of insulin secretory function.
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Aranda-García, Silvia, Myriam Santos-Folgar, Felipe Fernández-Méndez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Manuel Pardo Ríos, Encarna Hernández Sánchez, Lucía Varela-Varela, Silvia San Román-Mata, and Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez. "“Dispatcher, Can You Help Me? A Woman Is Giving Birth”. A Pilot Study of Remote Video Assistance with Smart Glasses." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010409.
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Smart glasses (SG) could be a breakthrough in emergency situations, so the aim of this work was to assess the potential benefits of teleassistance with smart glasses (SG) from a midwife to a lifeguard in a simulated, unplanned, out-of-hospital birth (OHB). Thirty-eight lifeguards were randomized into SG and control (CG) groups. All participants were required to act in a simulated imminent childbirth with a maternal–fetal simulator (PROMPT Flex, Laerdal, Norway). The CG acted autonomously, while the SG group was video-assisted by a midwife through SG (Vuzix Blade, New York, NY, USA). The video assistance was based on the OHB protocol, speaking and receiving images on the SG. The performance time, compliance with the protocol steps, and perceived performance with the SG were evaluated. The midwife’s video assistance with SG allowed 35% of the SG participants to perform the complete OHB protocol. No CG participant was able to perform it (p = 0.005). All OHB protocol variables were significantly better in the SG group than in the CG (p < 0.05). Telemedicine through video assistance with SG is feasible so that a lifeguard with no knowledge of childbirth care can act according to the recommendations in a simulated, unplanned, uncomplicated OHB. Communication with the midwife by speaking and sending images to the SG is perceived as an important benefit to the performance.
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Mahboubi, Hicham, Ossama Moujaber, Mohamed Kodiha, and Ursula Stochaj. "The Co-Chaperone HspBP1 Is a Novel Component of Stress Granules that Regulates Their Formation." Cells 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040825.
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The co-chaperone HspBP1 interacts with members of the hsp70 family, but also provides chaperone-independent functions. We report here novel biological properties of HspBP1 that are relevant to the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). SG assembly is a conserved reaction to environmental or pathological insults and part of the cellular stress response. Our study reveals that HspBP1 (1) is an integral SG constituent, and (2) a regulator of SG assembly. Oxidative stress relocates HspBP1 to SGs, where it co-localizes with granule marker proteins and polyA-RNA. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation identified novel HspBP1-binding partners that are critical for SG biology. Specifically, HspBP1 associates with the SG proteins G3BP1, HuR and TIA-1/TIAR. HspBP1 also interacts with polyA-RNA in vivo and binds directly RNA homopolymers in vitro. Multiple lines of evidence and single-granule analyses demonstrate that HspBP1 is crucial for SG biogenesis. Thus, HspBP1 knockdown interferes with stress-induced SG assembly. By contrast, HspBP1 overexpression promotes SG formation in the absence of stress. Notably, the hsp70-binding domains of HspBP1 regulate SG production in unstressed cells. Taken together, we identified novel HspBP1 activities that control SG formation. These features expand HspBP1’s role in the cellular stress response and provide new mechanistic insights into SG biogenesis.
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Xu, Dan-Ping, De-Zhi Zou, Hui-Liang Qiu, and Huan-Lin Wu. "Traditional Chinese Medicine ShenZhuGuanXin Granules Mitigate Cardiac Dysfunction and Promote Myocardium Angiogenesis in Myocardial Infarction Rats by Upregulating PECAM-1/CD31 and VEGF Expression." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5261729.
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Background. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of global mortality and morbidity despite the development of therapeutic approaches. ShenZhuGuanXin granules (SG) have been shown to possess cardioprotective effects against coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about its specific mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of SG in cardiac dysfunction and to demonstrate whether SG can promote myocardium angiogenesis by establishing a rat model of myocardial infarction with left anterior descending ligating. Methods and Results. Three days after MI, rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham group (sham), MI group (MI), MI + low dose SG (SG-L) group, MI + middle dose SG (SG-M) group, MI + high dose SG (SG-H) group, and MI + compound Danshen dropping pills (CDDP) group as a positive control. Four weeks after administration, rats underwent hemodynamics and echocardiography study. Ventricle tissues were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry studies. Compared with MI group, SG treatment dose-dependently improved cardiac hemodynamic function, attenuated infarct size, increased microvessel density, and increased the expression of PECAM-1/CD31 and VEGF. Conclusions. SG dose-dependently improved cardiac hemodynamic function and attenuated infarct size by promoting angiogenesis through upregulating PECAM-1/CD31 and VEGF expression.
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Tanveer, Muhammad, and Hisham Alasmary. "LACP-SG: Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Smart Grids." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042309.
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Smart grid (SG) recently acquired considerable attention due to their utilization in sustaining demand response management in power systems. Smart meters (SMs) deployed in SG systems collect and transmit data to the server. Since all communications between SM and the server occur through a public communication channel, the transmitted data are exposed to adversary attacks. Therefore, security and privacy are essential requirements in the SG system for ensuring reliable communication. Additionally, an AuthentiCation (AC) protocol designed for secure communication should be lightweight so it can be applied in a resource-constrained environment. In this article, we devise a lightweight AC protocol for SG named LACP-SG. LACP-SG employs the hash function, “Esch256”, and “authenticated encryption” to accomplish the AC phase. The proposed LACP-SG assures secure data exchange between SM and server by validating the authenticity of SM. For encrypted communication, LACP-SG enables SM and the server to establish a session key (SEK). We use the random oracle model to substantiate the security of the established SEK. Moreover, we ascertain that LACP-SG is guarded against different security vulnerabilities through Scyther-based security validation and informal security analysis. Furthermore, comparing LACP-SG with other related AC protocols demonstrates that LACP-SG is less resource-intensive while rendering better security characteristics.
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Coriasco, Sandro. "Fourier integral operators in SG classes II application to SG hyperbolic cauchy problems." ANNALI DELL UNIVERSITA DI FERRARA 44, no. 1 (December 1998): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02828018.
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Soodchomshom, Bumned, I.-Ming Tang, and Rassmidara Hoonsawat. "Josephson current in a double ferromagnetic layer SG/F1/F2/SG graphene sandwich." Physica C: Superconductivity 470, no. 2 (January 2010): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2009.11.048.
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Park, Jee-Hyeong, Dukgeun Ahn, Koohyun Kwon, and Jihong Lee. "An Empirical Analysis on the WTO Safeguard Actions." Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 3 (May 1, 2018): 415–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018019.
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Using WTO data on safeguard (SG) actions initiated during the period from 1995 to 2012, we empirically identify the factors that influence SG measure. Our analysis shows that most of the determinants emphasized by the existing studies perform their expected and statistically significant role in explaining the observed SG usage patterns across countries and industries. Countries take into consideration all factors that matter for SG measure, including potential retaliation threats, during initial investigation decision stage. Emerging economies as a group display a higher likelihood of SG utilization than other (advanced and developing) economies, but only a few such economies invoke SG measure more frequently than other SG-utilizing WTO members at individual level.
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Chetrariu, Ancuța, and Adriana Dabija. "Spent Grain from Malt Whisky: Assessment of the Phenolic Compounds." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113236.
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In order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent grain (SG) two extraction methods were studied: the ultrasound-assisted method (US) and the Ultra-Turrax method (high stirring rate) (UT). Liquid to solid ratios, solvent concentration, time, and temperature/stirring rate were optimized. Spent grain extracts were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC) (0.62 to 1.76 mg GAE/g SG DW for Ultra-Turrax pretreatment, and 0.57 to 2.11 mg GAE/g SG DW for ultrasound-assisted pretreatment), total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.6 to 1.67 mg QE/g SG DW for UT, and 0.5 to 1.63 mg QE/g SG DW for US), and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (25.88% to 79.58% for UT, and 27.49% to 78.30% for UT). TPC was greater at a high stirring rate and high exposure time up to a certain extent for the Ultra-Turrax method, and at a high temperature for the ultrasound-assisted method. P-coumaric acid (20.4 ± 1.72 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 14.0 ± 1.14 mg/100 SG DW for US) accounted for the majority of the phenolic found compounds, followed by rosmarinic (6.5 ± 0.96 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 4.0 ± 0.76 mg/100 SG DW for US), chlorogenic (5.4 ± 1.1 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and vanillic acids (3.1 ± 0.8 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 10.0 ± 1.03 mg/100 SG DW for US) were found in lower quantities. Protocatechuic (0.7 ± 0.05 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), 4-hydroxy benzoic (1.1 ± 0.06 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and caffeic acids (0.7 ± 0.03 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US) were present in very small amounts. Ultrasound-assisted and Ultra-Turrax pretreatments were demonstrated to be efficient methods to recover these value-added compounds.
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Таха Насіф, Нух. "Methods of data aggregation for traffic reducing in SG commutation networks for security and SG data policy." Збірник наукових праць Харківського національного університету Повітряних Сил, no. 1(67), (January 21, 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/zhups.2021.67.14.
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The transformation of the outdated electrical grid into the Smart Grid (SG), which provides a two-way information flow between the various SG components, creates many problems in designing and developing efficient SG communication infrastructures for connecting various SG components. In addition to the currently used core networks and protocols, new wired and wireless approaches are planned for various SG components and applications deployment. The proposed SG communications infrastructure will have many interconnected systems with a variety of capabilities and management to provide end-to-end services to users, as well as among intelligent devices.
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Suzuki, Yasushi A., Mayuko Tomoda, Yuji Murata, Hiroshi Inui, Masaki Sugiura, and Yoshihisa Nakano. "Antidiabetic effect of long-term supplementation with Siraitia grosvenori on the spontaneously diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rat." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 4 (March 9, 2007): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507381300.
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Siraitia grosvenori Swingle (SG) is a traditional Chinese fruit used as a folk medicine. Its extract (SG-ex) contains potent sweet elements with a sweetness several hundred times higher than table sugar. We investigated the antidiabetic effect of SG-ex in the type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rat. Diabetic 7-week-old GK rats were fed a diet supplemented with 0·4 % of the SG-ex for 13 weeks, and its antidiabetic effects were evaluated. SG-ex had no effect on food intake or body weight. In oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), SG-ex supplementation improved the insulin response at 15 min (control, 63 (sem 6) pm; SG-ex, 107 (sem 20) pm; P < 0·05) and reduced the plasma glucose level at 120 min after the glucose administration (control, 18·5 (sem 0·8) mm; SG-ex, 14·8 (sem 0·7) mm; P < 0·05). The total amount of insulin in whole pancreas taken from fasting rats was higher in the SG-ex-supplemented group, which may explain the greater capacity to secrete insulin during the OGTT. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in both the liver and the plasma were lower in the SG-ex-supplemented group, suggesting that an absorbable component in SG-ex has an antioxidative effect on lipid peroxidation, thereby counteracting the oxidative stress caused by a diabetic state. Excreted urine volume and urinary albumin level for 24 h were both reduced in the SG-ex-supplemented group, suggesting the attenuation of kidney damage that is caused by diabetes. These data indicate that SG-ex supplementation may prevent complications and attenuate pathological conditions for type 2 diabetes, along with its sweet characteristics.
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Takahashi, Yuya, Xiang-Hua Li, Chigen Tsukamoto, and Ke-Jing Wang. "Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 11 (2018): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18214.
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Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.
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Lulie, Solomon, Haile Alemayehu, Anwar Nuru, Takele Abayneh, and Tadesse Eguale. "Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum against homologous challenge infection in Bovans brown chickens." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 24, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v24i2.8.
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Fowl typhoid is a systemic poultry disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). It is responsible for significant economic loss, due to its severe morbidity and mortality. An irradiated vaccine is one of the possible alternatives to prevent and control fowl typhoid. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of irradiated SG using a randomized control trial in chicken. A field strain of SG was exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation to determine its effect on the viability of SG. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed by administering irradiated SG orally to 3 groups (5 each) of 5 weeks old Bovans brown chickens at 2400, 2500, and 2600 gray (Gy). The protective efficacy of 108colony forming units (CFU) of SG irradiated at 2400 Gy administered orally and subcutaneously was then evaluated using homologous challenge infection and compared with SG 9R commercial vaccine using 40, 5-week old Bovans brown chickens where the chickens were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Chickens in Group 1were exposed to 108 CFU of irradiated SG orally; Group 2 to the same dose subcutaneously; Group 3 to SG 9R strain commercial vaccine subcutaneously, Group 4 to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) orally. Data related to survival, antibody response, and pathological lesions were recorded. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine for statistical significance. Irradiation at 2600 Gy caused complete inactivation of SG whereas SG exposed to 2400 Gy showed better immunogenicity and was safe for chickens. Antibody response in a group of chickens vaccinated with irradiated SG administered subcutaneously (SC) was significantly higher than those vaccinated with the SG 9R vaccine on day 7 (p=0.003) and day 14 (p=0.002) post-immunization. Comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy based on the mortality rate of chickens after challenge showed that 2400 Gy irradiated SG vaccine administered SC and SG 9R vaccine-induced equal protection of 50% while the irradiated vaccine administered orally protected only 10% of chickens against homologous challenge infection. SG was not isolated from the liver, spleen, and feces of chickens that survived challenge infection until the end of the experiment. Irradiated SG administered SC is shown to be a promising vaccine against fowl typhoid. Further studies using a large sample size involving tuning of irradiation dose to improve immunogenicity and use of booster vaccination are recommended.
Keywords: Chicken; Fowl typhoid; Gamma irradiation; Salmonella Gallinarum; Vaccine
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Wang, Meng-Chun, Wen-Chung Huang, Li-Chen Chen, Kuo-Wei Yeh, Chwan-Fwu Lin, and Chian-Jiun Liou. "Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens Ameliorates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Th2 Response and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Asthma Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 6104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116104.
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Sophoraflavanone G (SG), isolated from Sophora flavescens, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor bioactive properties. We previously showed that SG promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and leukemia cells and reduces the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. We investigated whether SG attenuates airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. We also assessed its effects on the anti-inflammatory response in human tracheal epithelial cells. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, and asthmatic mice were treated with SG by intraperitoneal injection. We also exposed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to different concentrations of SG to evaluate its effects on inflammatory cytokine levels. SG treatment significantly reduced AHR, eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. In the lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, SG significantly promoted superoxide dismutase and glutathione expression and attenuated malondialdehyde levels. SG also suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. In addition, we confirmed that SG decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and eotaxin expression in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SG shows potential as an immunomodulator that can improve asthma symptoms by decreasing airway-inflammation-related oxidative stress.
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Alo, Oluwaseun Ayotunde, and Iyiola Olatunji Otunniyi. "Highly Conductive Polymer Composite Based on Graphite-Filled Immiscible Polyolefin/Epoxy Blends." Key Engineering Materials 917 (April 13, 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ytr30y.
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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) based on polypropylene (PP)/epoxy (EP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/EP blends filled with synthetic graphite (SG) were produced and characterized to explore their potential for high electrical conductivity applications. The polymer blends were chosen as matrices due to their immiscibility and potential to enable co-continuous morphology formation and preferential distribution of filler, which allows formation of maximized conducting networks. In-plane and through-plane resistivities of PP/EP/SG composites decreased from 0.083 Ω.cm to 0.015 Ω.cm and 10.16 Ω.cm to 0.31 Ω.cm, respectively, while for HDPE/EP/SG composites, in-plane and through-plane resistivities decreased from 0.086 Ω.cm to 0.014 Ω.cm and 5.02 Ω.cm to 0.24 Ω.cm, respectively, when SG content was increased from 30 to 80 wt%. The immiscible blend-based composites produced in this study have the potential to achieve significantly higher conductivity than filled single polymers due to concentration of filler in one of the polymer phases and the co-continuous structure of the blends. Also, resistivity anisotropy of the PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites generally decreased with increase in SG content, with HDPE/EP/SG composites showing lower resistivity anisotropy than PP/EP/SG composites at the same SG content.
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Wei, N., S. S. Kakar, and J. D. Neill. "Measurement of secretogranin II release from individual adenohypophysial gonadotropes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 268, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): E145—E152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.1.e145.
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Secretogranin II (SG-II) is an acidic 86-kDa protein found in high abundance in the anterior pituitary gland. In the present studies, we investigated the secretion and the localization of SG-II using pituitary cells from female rats at all stages of the estrous cycle. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that SG-II immunoreactivity was localized in low abundance in about half of all pituitary cells and in high abundance in all of the luteinizing hormone (LH)-immunoreactive cells (which represent approximately 5% of all pituitary cells). Using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay for measurement of SG-II release from individual pituitary cells in culture, we found that SG-II secretion was strongly stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a dose-related fashion, and the amount of SG-II secretion was also related to the stage of the estrous cycle: it was highest at proestrus and lowest at estrus. SG-II plaque assay followed by LH immunofluorescence staining further revealed that all the SG-II-secreting cells contained LH immunoreactivity. At proestrus all the LH-immunoreactive cells secreted SG-II, whereas another days of the estrous cycle only a fraction of them did so. Thus our findings demonstrate a striking resemblance between SG-II and LH with regard to cell localization and secretory regulation.
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Park, Hyeon Woo, Jae W. Park, and Won Byong Yoon. "The Relationship between Penetration, Tension, and Torsion for the Fracture of Surimi Gels: Application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC)." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010265.
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A standardized method to evaluate the material properties of surimi gels has to be updated because of the lack of accuracy and the repeatability of data obtained from conventional ways. To investigate the relationships between the different texture measurement methods used in surimi gels, 250 batches of different surimi gels were used. The textural properties of surimi gels made with or without whey protein concentrate (SG-WP), potato starch (SG-PS), or dried egg white (SG-EW) were measured under torsion, tensile, and penetration tests. The correlation between the textural properties related to the deformation and hardness of surimi gels without any added ingredients (SG) was linear (R2 > 0.85). However, the R2 values of the shear strain and tensile strain of SG-WP and SG-EW were significantly lower than that of SG. The strain distributions of surimi gels with and without added ingredients were estimated by digital image correlation (DIC) analysis. The results showed that the local strain concentration in SG-WP and SG-EW was significantly higher than that of SG in the failure ring tensile test and the torsion test (p < 0.05). DIC analysis was an effective tool for evaluating the strain distribution characteristics of surimi gels upon fracture from torsion, penetration, and tension.
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Chibane, Nadia, Marlon Caicedo, Susana Martinez, Purificación Marcet, Pedro Revilla, and Bernardo Ordás. "Relationship between Delayed Leaf Senescence (Stay-Green) and Agronomic and Physiological Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020276.
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Stay-green (SG) is a term used to describe genotypes that have delayed leaf senescence as compared to reference genotypes. SG could be favorable for grain yield, silage yield and quality, double exploitation (grain for feed and stover for bioenergy), stress resistance, etc. However, some studies show contradictory results regarding the influence of senescence or SG in the uptake and remobilization of nutrients and the yield and moisture of stover and grain. This experiment is aimed to study the impact of senescence in grain and stover yield and moisture in inbred lines of maize and assess the potential of SG genotypes for double exploitation. We also study the influence of senescence in the uptake of N and remobilization of dry matter and N from stover to grain. We evaluated 16 maize inbred lines with contrasting expression of senescence in the field at two locations in Galicia in 2017. We confirmed that SG is functional, meaning that the SG genotypes maintained photosynthesis activity for a lengthy period. Coordinated with a delayed senescence, the grain filling of the SG genotypes was 9 days longer than NSG genotypes. SG genotypes took up more N after flowering, although the remobilization of N and, in general, of dry matter from stover to kernels was less efficient. However, the higher uptake compensated the poor remobilization, and the final effect of SG on the N content of the kernels was favorable. SG was also favorable for kernel weight and the kernels of SG genotypes were 20% heavier than for NSG. The stover yield was also higher in the SG genotypes, indicating a potential of SG for breeding for double purpose (grain for feed and stover for bioenergy).
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Salem, Mohamed, Jonas Hillmer, Christine Friedrich, Bernd Panholzer, Mohammed Saad, Mostafa Salem, Derk Frank, et al. "Cardiac Myxomas Resembling Malignant Neoplasia: Incidentally Diagnosed vs. Cerebral Embolized Myxomas." Cancers 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14051111.
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Background: Cardiac myxomas (CM) are the most common primary cardiac tumors in adults. They are usually benign; however, malignant changes are known to occur but are extremely rare. Embolization is a common complication of cardiac myxomas and can cause neurological deficits before their surgical removal. The current study analyzed the outcomes after operative myxoma excision in patients, with and without cerebral embolic events prior to excision. Methods: All 66 consecutive patients who underwent a surgical excision of CM between 2005 and 2019 at our department were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with (n = 14) and without (n = 52) preoperative strokes caused by cerebral tumor embolization were compared. Results: The mean age was 58.4 ± 12.7 years in the stroke group (SG) and 62.8 ± 11.7 years in the non-stroke group (N-SG) (p = 0.226). Gender (35.7% vs. 61.5% female; p = 0.084) did not differ significantly, and comorbidities were comparable in both groups. The left hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery was affected by preoperative cerebral infarction most commonly (28.6%). The time from diagnosis to cardiac surgery procedure was 7 (3–24) days in the SG and 23 (5–55) days in the N-SG (p = 0.120). Cardiac myxomas were localized in the left atrium in both groups more frequently (SG: 92.9% vs. N-SG: 78.8%; p = 0.436). In the SG, 57.1% of CM had a non-solid surface, were localized in the left heart, and had a pedunculated attachment away from the fossa ovalis. In the N-SG, 92.3% of CM did not meet all these criteria (p < 0.001). The maximal diameters of CM were comparable (SG: 3.4 ± 1.5 cm vs. N-SG: 3.8 ± 2.1 cm; p = 0.538). The operation times (192.5 (139.3–244.5) min vs. 215.5 (184.5–273.3) min; p = 0.046) and the cross-clamp times (54.5 (33.3–86.5) min vs. 78.5 (55–106.8) min; p = 0.035) were significantly shorter in the SG. Only in the N-SG were reconstructions of the endocardium with bovine pericardium required after resection (51.9% vs 0%; p < 0.001). In the N-SG, CM were explored via the right atrium more often (57.7% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.007). Patients in the N-SG required significantly shorter ICU care after surgery (p = 0.020). Other postoperative courses did not differ significantly. After tumor removal, 1.9% of the N-SG suffered their first stroke and 14.3% of the SG had a cerebral re-infarction (p = 0.111). The 30-day mortality rates were 1.9% in the N-SG and 7.1% in the SG (p = 0.382). In one case in the N-SG, a tumor recurrence was diagnosed. The Kaplan–Meiercurves showed a significantly better long-term prognosis for patients in the N-SG (p = 0.043). Conclusions: After the surgical removal of CM, the outcome is compromised if preoperative cerebral embolization occurs. Surgical treatment is therefore indicated as soon as possible, especially when CM have a non-solid surface, are localized in the left heart, and have a pedunculated attachment away from the fossa ovalis.
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Fang, Xia, Lei Jiang, Limei Pan, Shuang Yin, Tai Qiu, and Jian Yang. "High-thermally conductive AlN-based microwave attenuating composite ceramics with spherical graphite as attenuating agent." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0441-2.
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AbstractHigh-thermally conductive AlN-based microwave attenuating composite ceramics with spherical graphite (SG) as the attenuating agent were fabricated through hot-pressing sintering. The SG maintains its three-dimensional (3D) morphology within the sintered bodies, which considerably impedes the sintering of the composites to some extent but slightly influences on the growth of AlN grains. The addition of SG reduces the strength of the composites, but provides a moderate toughening effect at the optimal addition amount (3.8 MPa·m1/2 at 4 wt% SG). Benefiting from the low anisotropy, high thermal conductivity, and the 3D morphology of SG, the composites exhibit a relatively higher thermal conductivity (76.82 W·m−1·K−1 at 10 wt% SG) compared with composites added with non-spherical attenuating agent. The dielectric constant and loss (8.2–12.4 GHz) increase remarkably as the amount of SG added increases up to 8 wt%, revealing that the incorporation of SG improves the dielectric property of the composite. The composite with 7 wt% SG exhibits the best absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −13.9 dB at 12.4 GHz and an effective absorbing bandwidth of 0.87 GHz. The excellent overall properties of the SG/AlN microwave attenuating composites render them as a promising material for various applications. Moreover, SG has a great potential as an attenuating agent for microwave attenuating composites due to its strong attenuation upon integration, high thermal conductivity, and low anisotropy.
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HEITLER, W. J., and S. DARRIG. "The Segmental Giant Neurone of the Signal Crayfish, Pacifastacus Leniusculus, and its Interactions with Abdominal fast Flexor and Swimmeret Motor Neurones." Journal of Experimental Biology 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.121.1.55.
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The anatomy and physiology of the segmental giant (SG) of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is described. The peripheral axon of the SG terminates in the 1st root near the base of the swimmeret, and has no direct target organ. There is a tuft of fine dendritic branches in the lateral neuropile where the SG axon has its smallest diameter. The central region of the SG has a conduction velocity of 1.3ms−1, a length constant of 0.4-0.7mm and an input resistance greater than 1.8MΩ. Dual microelectrode penetrations of pre- and postsynaptic neurones confirm that the SG receives input from the giant fibres through rectifying electrical synapses, and excites the fast flexor motor neurones of the abdomen, also through electrical synapses. The SG also excites a variety of swimmeret motor neurones, including power- and return-stroke classes. Attention is drawn to the similarity in anatomy between the SG and return-stroke swimmeret motor neurones, and a possible evolutionary explanation for the existence of the SG is proposed.
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Heitler, W. J., and K. Fraser. "The Segmental Giant Neurone of the Hermit Crab Eupagurus Bernhardus." Journal of Experimental Biology 125, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125.1.245.
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The anatomy and physiology of the segmental giant (SG) neurone of the fourth abdominal ganglion of the hermit crab is described. The SG has an apparently blindending axon in the first root and a small cell body in the anterior ipsilateral ventral quadrant of the ganglion. There is a large ipsilateral neuropile arborization with prominent dendrites lined up along the course of the ipsilateral giant fibre (GF). The SG receives 1:1 input from the ipsilateral GF via an electrical synapse which is usually rectifying. SG activation produces a large EPSP in all ipsilateral and some contralateral fast flexor excitor (FF) motor neurones. The major input to FFs resulting from GF activation appears to be mediated via the SG. It also produces a small EPSP in ipsilateral and contralateral motor giant neurones. The properties of the hermit crab SG are compared to those of the crayfish SG, and the implications of the SG for the possible evolutionary paths of the giant fibre system are discussed.
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Pakdeechote, Poungrat, Sariya Meephat, Chadamas Sakonsinsiri, Jutarop Phetcharaburanin, Sarawoot Bunbupha, and Putcharawipa Maneesai. "Syzygium gratum Extract Alleviates Vascular Alterations in Hypertensive Rats." Medicina 56, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100509.
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Background and Objectives: Syzygium gratum (SG) is a local vegetable and widely consumed in Thailand. Previously, a strong antioxidative effect of SG extract has been reported. The effects of SG extract on hypertension have remained unknown. The effect of SG aqueous extract on blood pressure and vascular changes were examined in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LHR), and its potential active constituents were also explored. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + SG (100, 300, 500 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) groups. The components of SG extract were analyzed. Results: The analysis of aqueous SG extract was carried out using HPLC-Mass spectroscopy, and phenolic compounds could be identified as predominant components which might be responsible for its antihypertensive effects observed in the LHR model (p < 0.05). Additionally, SG extract also improved vascular responses to acetylcholine and decreased vascular remodeling in LHR (p < 0.05). Enhancements of eNOS expression and plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels, and attenuation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were observed in the LHR group treated with SG. Moreover, SG exhibited strong antioxidant activities by reducing vascular superoxide generation and systemic malondialdehyde in LHRs. Captopril suppressed high blood pressure and alleviated vascular changes and ACE activity in LHRs, similar to those of the SG extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SG extract exhibited antihypertensive effects, which is relevant to alleviation of vascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling of LHRs. These effects might be mediated by phenolic compounds to inhibit ACE activity and scavenge reactive oxygen species in LHR.
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Matyashov, Tamar, Ella Pardo, Reut Rotem, Yael Lichtman, Maayan Elnir Katz, Adi Y. Weintraub, and Amir Horev. "The association between striae gravidarum and perineal lacerations during labor." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): e0265149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265149.
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Objective Striae gravidarum (SG) and perineal lacerations are common occurrences during late pregnancy and labor. It has been hypothesized that both conditions may share a common pathophysiological pathway through changes in the connective tissue. We aimed to investigate a possible association between these two conditions and whether the presence of SG may predict perineal lacerations. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study that included women who gave birth at the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), Beer-Sheva, Israel. Those who provided informed consent were examined for the presence of SG using the Davey scoring system to determine the severity of abdominal SG. Clinical and obstetrical characteristics and the presence and degree of perineal tears were retrieved from the computerized patients’ records. Univariate analysis was carried using appropriate statistical tests. Results A total of 187 women were recruited. Of those, 81 (43.3%) did not have SG, 24 (12.8%) 43 (23%) and 39 (20.9%) had mild, moderate and severe SG, respectively. Women with SG were significantly older and had a higher body mass index (p<0.01 for both). Delivery characteristics, mode of delivery, and gestational age were comparable between the groups; however, women with SG gave birth to significantly larger neonates (p<0.01). Seventy-one (31%) women had suffered from 1st or 2nd-degree perineal tears, and none had 3rd or 4th-degree perineal tears. No significant differences were found in rates of perineal tears between women with and without SG (p = 0.91), regardless of SG severity (p = 0.38). Conclusions In our study, SG was not associated with perineal tears. This information may be used as reassurance when giving antepartum consultation to women with SG, even in severe cases.
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Wu, Baodong, Stefanie Oliveri, Jana Mandic, and K. Andrew White. "Evidence for a Premature Termination Mechanism of Subgenomic mRNA Transcription in a Carmovirus." Journal of Virology 84, no. 15 (May 26, 2010): 7904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00742-10.
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ABSTRACT The transcriptional mechanism utilized by turnip crinkle carmovirus to synthesize subgenomic (sg) mRNAs was investigated by analyzing viral RNAs and their associated regulatory RNA elements. In vivo analyses revealed the following: (i) that minus-strand sg RNAs are detectable in infections, (ii) that minus-strand sg RNA accumulation can be partially uncoupled from that of their plus-strand sg mRNA counterparts, and (iii) that an RNA secondary structure located upstream of the sg mRNA start site mediates transcription by functioning in the plus strand of the viral genome. Collectively, these observations are consistent with this carmovirus using a premature termination mechanism for sg mRNA transcription.
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Li, Laiyuan, Xiaolin Wang, Liangliang Bai, Huichuan Yu, Zenghong Huang, Anpei Huang, Yanxin Luo, and Jianping Wang. "The Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Metabolism and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Goto-Kakizaki Rats." Journal of Diabetes Research 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1082561.
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Purpose. To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose metabolism and changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods. GK rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SG, SG pair-fed plus sham surgery (PF-sham), and ad libitum-fed no surgery (control). Food intake, body weight, blood glucose, GLP-1 and insulin levels, and GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were compared. Results. The SG rats exhibited lower postoperative food intake, body weight, and fasting glucose than did the control rats (P<0.05). SG significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance (P<0.05). Plasma GLP-1 levels were higher in SG rats than in control or PF-sham rats in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P<0.05). Blood glucose levels expressed as a percentage of baseline were higher in SG rats than in control rats after exendin (9-39) administration (P<0.05). The levels of GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were higher in SG rats than in PF-sham and control rats (P<0.05). Conclusions. Improvement of glucose metabolism by SG was associated with increased GLP-1 secretion. SG contributes to an increase in plasma GLP-1 levels via increased GLP-1 expression in the mucosa of the jejunum and/or ileum.
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Toshima, Naoki, and Yukihide Shiraishi. "Combination of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for organic hybrid thermoelectrics." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1109.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are usually very expensive, but inexpensive CNTs have been mass-produced by a super-growth (SG) method. The SG-CNTs, however, have many defects resulting in a low conductivity, which is a disadvantage of the SG-CNTs. We discovered that even the defective SG-CNTs can provide a good thermoelectric performance by forming ternary hybrid films made of the SG-CNTs, nanoparticles (NPs) of a conducting polymer complex, poly(nickel 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate) (PETT) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The good thermoelectric performance of the ternary film (PETT-NP/SG-CNT/PVC) was possibly attributed to the defect repair effect in addition to the bridging effect of the PETT-NPs among the CNTs. In order to confirm this new concept, we attempted the deposition of metal NPs at the defects of the SG-CNTs. We initially made a physical mixture of palladium (Pd) NPs and the SG-CNTs in dispersions to cover the SG-CNT defects with the Pd-NPs. The obtained films showed only a slight improvement in electrical conductivity. Chemical reduction of the Pd ions in the dispersion of the SG-CNTs, on the other hand, provided hybrids with an enhanced electrical conductivity, thus, use as thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric figure-of-merit was estimated to be ∼0.3, which is a relatively high value for organic hybrid materials.
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Jubin, Ronald, Peter Buontempo, Ricardo A. Yglesias, Abe Abuchowski, Yuli Chen, Glenn Kazo, and Friedericke Kazo. "Rapid Reversal of Red Blood Cell Sickling Promoted By Pegylated Carboxyhemoglobin Bovine Gas Transfer Properties." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1372.1372.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Red blood cell (RBC) sickling is the hallmark phenotype of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) resulting from an inherited hemoglobin (HbS) point mutation genotype. Sickling is a direct consequence of HbS polymerization that occurs as RBC encounter low oxygen environments. Sickled RBCs have increased rigidity restricting their passage through the microvasculature that can lead to a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). VOCs are painful, debilitating and can be associated with more severe co morbidities including acute chest syndrome, leg ulcers and stroke. Treatments for VOC are limited and include IV hydration and opioid for pain control. Extensive VOC events often require hospitalization, supplemental oxygen and transfusions. Improved therapies that can be administered early during VOC that directly target the causative RBC sickling events are warranted. PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine (Sanguinate SG) is currently in clinical development being evaluated for the ability to treat the comorbidities of SCD including VOC. SG carries oxygen (O2) and/or carbon monoxide (CO) in the mammalian vasculature for delivery to tissues to synergistically treat inflammation and vasoconstriction and other comorbidities characterized by tissue hypoxia. Early intervention of VOC with SG treatment could limit the crisis event and reduce pain severity while providing a timely crisis resolution thereby reducing the likelihood of more severe VOC clinically related complications. Methods: SG treatment effects were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions to determine its capacity for gas exchange with RBCs obtained with IRB consent from healthy and SCD volunteers. Carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels were monitored to determine dose and time effects as well as the repetitive capacity of SG to facilitate gas transfer processes. RBC treated samples were also analyzed by light microscopy and image capture flow cytometry to visualize and quantify the effects of SG treatment on reversing sickled SCD RBC. A PEGylated bovine serum albumin (PBSA) product was also produced and analyzed in parallel as a control agent. Results: SG addition to normal oxygenated RBC resulted in CO and O2 exchange between RBC and SG that followed mass balance and reached equilibrium in closed system. Kinetic analysis revealed SG rapidly transferred its CO component to oxygenated RBC with concomitant O2 loading of SG. Using experimentally loaded RBC with CO and SG with O2 produced similar reciprocal gas exchange results. Additionally the primary RBC/ SG reaction products were isolated and cycled demonstrating the ability of SG to continually facilitate gas transfer through multiple exposure events. Similar studies using SG, oxygenated SG (produced by an RBC exchange reaction) or PBSA control were conducted with SCD RBC. Sickling was induced by incubation of RBC in a hypoxic chamber for 3 hours prior to SG or control treatments. After 2 hours of treatment, cells were fixed by addition of glutaraldehyde. Photomicroscopy showed a marked reduction in the sickled RBC population with both SG or oxygenated SG treatments but not with the PBSA control (Fig. 1). Results from imaging flow cytometry further supported the microscopy findings and revealed a significant quantitative reduction in the percentage of sickled RBC levels. Summary: RBC rheology and lifespan are negatively impacted by repetitive HbS polymerization/de-polymerization cycling and treatments that reverse RBC sickling during a VOC event could be expected to provide broad clinical benefits through reduction of SCD comorbidities. SG was designed to promote CO and oxygen transfer in concentration dependent manners providing physiological supplementation of O2 transport/delivery in conditions of hemolytic or ischemic anemia. These ex vivo data demonstrated for the first time that under controlled conditions, a therapeutic agent could be observed serving as an active gas transport agent providing either CO or O2 to sickled RBCs, prompting rapid unsickling. Furthermore, the use of image capture flow cytometry provided a quantitative measurement of sickled RBC fraction decrease. This mechanism may provide a useful biomarker test in future clinical studies to monitor SG treatment effects on SCD patients. Fig. 1 SG Treatment of Sickled RBC. Hypoxic SCD RBC treated with SG, oxygenated SG or PBSA for 2 hrs prior to fixation and image capture (40X mag). Fig. 1. SG Treatment of Sickled RBC. Hypoxic SCD RBC treated with SG, oxygenated SG or PBSA for 2 hrs prior to fixation and image capture (40X mag). Disclosures Jubin: Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Buontempo:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Yglesias:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Abuchowski:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Chen:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kazo:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kazo:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Employment.