Journal articles: 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s'

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Schwebke, J. R., T. Aira, N. Jordan, P. E. Jolly, and S. H. Vermund. "Sexually transmitted diseases in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922269.

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Summary: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are increasing rapidly in Asia, a full understanding of the extent of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in many of these areas is lacking. There have been anecdotes of rising rates of STDs in Mongolia, a country thus far relatively unaffected by HIV. To further the understanding of STDs, a prevalence study was conducted in the STD clinic in Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city in Mongolia. Among 260 patients, the prevalence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis was 31.1%, 8.1% and 8.6% respectively for males and 10.3%, 9.9% and 6.0% for females. Sixty-seven per cent of females had trichomoniasis and 19.7% of males had non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Forty-two per cent of gonococcal isolates had plasmid mediated resistance to penicillin, and chromosomal resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin was documented. No patients were infected with HIV. STDs are a significant problem in Mongolia. Improved control efforts are urgently needed to prevent the emergence of HIV.

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Monteiro, Alex F. M., Jessika de Oliveira Viana, Engene Muratov, Marcus T. Scotti, and Luciana Scotti. "In Silico Studies against Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases." Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190311142747.

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) refer to a variety of clinical syndromes and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. Among STDs widely reported in the literature, viral sexual diseases have been increasing in a number of cases globally. This emphasizes the need for prevention and treatment. Among the methods widely used in drug planning are Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) studies and molecular docking which have the objective of investigating molecular interactions between two molecules to better understand the three -dimensional structural characteristics of the compounds. This review will discuss molecular docking studies applied to viral STDs, such as Ebola virus, Herpes virus and HIV, and reveal promising new drug candidates with high levels of specificity to their respective targets.

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Steben, Marc. "Family Practitioners and Sexually Transmitted Diseases." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, suppl a (1991): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/374921.

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The family practitioner's role has traditionally been to maintain health with periodic examinations and to restore health in times of illness and injuries. Today. family practitioners are expected to play a more proactive role by assessing unexpressed patient needs. This new approach focuses on global knowledge of the patient, including lifestyle and workplace history. When assessing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in particular, it is important for the family practitioner to recognize the association of morality issues and to counsel without being judgemental. Primary prevention of STDs is aimed at reducing or eliminating risks before exposure occurs. and includes counselling on safe sex, condom use. substance abuse, needle/syringe use, and consideration of hepatitis B immunization and universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen. Secondary prevention refers to the recognition and elimination (if possible) of an STD after exposure and includes early disease detection, adequate STD treatments, screening, human immunodeficiency virus testing with pre- and post test counselling, epidemiological treatment of patient contacts, and hepatitis B prophylaxis by passive or active immunization. Tertiary prevention is aimed at limiting disease progression or reversing damage, but such measures are usually quite expensive and of limited value. Assessment of risks for hepatitis B virus infection should include lifestyle indices such as sexual preference, sexual expression, number of partners and alcohol/drug consumption. Prostitutes, street youth and sexually abused individuals should be considered at high risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Counselling about hepatitis B virus infection involves risk evaluation, patient education, evaluation of immune status to hepatitis B virus and discussions about vaccine needs and availability.

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SULIGOI, B., M. GIULIANI, and THE MIGRATION MEDICINE STUDY GROUP. "Sexually transmitted diseases among foreigners in Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 118, no. 3 (June 1997): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897007449.

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A sentinel surveillance system for the control of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among foreigners was developed in Italy in 1991. From January 1991 to June 1995, 4030 foreigners with a new STD episode were reported. More than one-third of them were North-Africans. The most frequent STDs were non-specific urethritis and genital warts among men, and non-specific vaginitis and latent syphilis among women. The overall HIV prevalence was 5%, with large differences in rates in people from different continents. Very high HIV-positivity rates were observed among homosexuals and homosexual IDUs from Central–South America, with 39·1% and 77·8% seropositive individuals respectively.These data stress the need for increased knowledge of both the spread of and risk factors for STDs among immigrants. Particular attention should be paid to counselling procedures focused on the prevention of risk behaviours for acquiring STDs and HIV infection.

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Agaçfidan, A. "Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world." FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 24, no. 4 (July 15, 1999): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-8244(99)00060-7.

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AÄaÃ§fidan, Ali, and Peter Kohl. "Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world." FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 24, no. 4 (July 1999): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01315.x.

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Retnaningsih, Dwi, MY Martini, and Windyastuti Windyastuti. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases Preventive Behavior Among Female Sex Workers." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 2, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v2i2.147.

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Introduction: Sex workers and their customers are the high-risk group population that potentially transmitting sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This research aims to describe the preventive behaviour of female sex workers in preventing transmission of STDs and HIV in Gambilangu Semarang Localization. Methods: This research was qualitative study, The 5 participants of this study were female sex workers who still active in Localization within the period of 2016-2017. Results: The behavior of female sex workers on the prevention of STDs and HIV, were identified as: all participants always offered condoms to clients before sexual transactions, all the participants negotiated the clients to use condom before having sexual intercourse, all participants rejected firmly to have sex with the client suspected having STDs yet reluctant to use condoms, most participants washed the vagina using betel soap, consuming herbs and antibiotics without a medical prescription that they believed it could prevent STDs.

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Gittens, Lisa N., Rhonda R. Nichols, and Joseph J. Apuzzio. "Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Pregnant Adolescents." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, no. 5 (1994): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744994000128.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among pregnant adolescents.Methods: Charts of all patients (n = 735) who attended the Maternal and Infant Care Clinic at University Hospital, Newark, NJ, between July 1, 1991, and June 30, 1992, were reviewed for STDs which included gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the first prenatal visit, each registrant had endocervical specimens obtained to detect gonorrhea and chlamydia. A serum sample was obtained for syphilis screening. HIV testing was made available to all patients and testing was done on a voluntary basis. The same STD screening that was done at the initial visit was repeated at 28 and 36 weeks.Results: Twenty-five percent of patients tested positive for one or more STDs. The mean patient age was 17.3 years. The mean gestational age at first visit was 19.5 weeks. The mean number of visits was 7.3. The following STDs were identified: 4.8% of patients tested positive for gonorrhea, 20.9% tested positive for chlamydia, and 1.7% tested positive for syphilis. Twenty-one percent of patients had a positive STD diagnosed at the initial visit. Another 4.8% of patients had an STD diagnosed at some time after the initial visit when the initial screen was negative for STDs. An additional 1% of patients who initially tested positive for an STD had subsequent screening which revealed another STD (different organism). Seven patients tested HIV positive. Sixty-one percent of patients with STDs agreed to HIV testing. One patient had HIV coexistent with another STD.Conclusions: Pregnant adolescents are at risk for multiple STDs. HIV testing should be offered. STD screening should be repeated in the third trimester in adolescent patients.

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Bac, Nguyen Hoai, and Hoang Long. "The correlation between sexual behaviors and sexual transmitted diseases in men." Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 141, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v141i5.212.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been a public health issue in many developing countries, especially in Vietnam. Unsafe sex is considered to be one of the main causes to increase infected person. Therefore, we conducted a study on 3005 men who presented to the Andrology and Sexual Medicine Units of Hanoi Medical University Hospital to analyze the correlation between sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted diseases in men. The result showed that the mean age at first sex (AFS) was 21 years old. The median number of stable sexual partners was 2, the overall rate of STDs was 9.95%, in particular, the proportion of STDs in single men was higher than the married group (11.8% and 7.5%, p < 0.001), men having first intercourse before 25 years old had the rate of STDs was higher compared with their counterpart (21.1% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.002). Subjects with multiple unstable sexual partners were 2.11 times more likely to be infected with STDs, and the risk of infecting STDs would rise 6% for each additional sex partner.

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Risley-Curtiss, Christina. "Foster Children at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 77, no. 2 (February 1996): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.849.

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Past studies have documented multiple health problems among foster children. However, one potential problem seldom addressed is that of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The author discusses the risk of foster children having or contracting STDs and presents general information on the incidence, consequences, and symptoms, especially for females, of five of the most common sexually transmitted diseases—syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital human papillomavirus. Recommendations for intervention by social workers in health care and child-welfare settings are presented.

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Hariharan, Deepa, Suma Pyati, Ana Palaminos, Rosita Pildes, and A. Wilks. "MATERNAL AWARENESS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs): † 90." Pediatric Research 39 (April 1996): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199604001-00109.

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Désormeaux, André, Rabeea F. Omar, and Michel G. Bergeron. "Topical Microbicides for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 10, suppl c (1999): 41C—48C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/932936.

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The development of novel compounds to reduce the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes and other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has become a topic of great interest. Condom use is the only readily available measure to reduce successfully the propagation of these infectious agents. To reduce significantly the probability of acquiring infection, condoms should be used during all risky sexual intercourse. More attention is being given to female-controlled methods for the prevention of HIV infection because many women are unable to negotiate condom use with their sexual partners. The development of topical microbicides constitutes one of the most priori tized research areas in the field of prevention of STDs/HIV for the World Health Organization, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because the number of women infected with HIV, herpes and other pathogens causing STDs is growing dramatically worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop innovative preventive measures that can reduce the transmission of these pathogens with minimal mucosa! irritation, and minimal effects on the vaginal flora and pH. Some of the existing products as well as promising new topical microbicicles for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections are reviewed.

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AWANG, HALIMAH, LI PING WONG, ROHANA JANI, and WAH YUN LOW. "KNOWLEDGE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG MALAYSIAN MALE YOUTHS." Journal of Biosocial Science 46, no. 2 (March 12, 2013): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000114.

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SummaryThis study examines the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among male youths in Malaysia. A self-administered survey was carried out on a sample of 952 never-married males aged 15–24 years. The respondents were asked about their knowledge of STDs, how these diseases get transmitted and their sexual behaviours. The data showed that 92% of the respondents knew of at least one STD (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, herpes, genital warts, yeast infection, trichomoniasis or HIV/AIDS). About 95% of them knew of at least one method of STD transmission. Urban and tertiary-educated male youths showed a substantially higher proportion of awareness of STDs and transmission methods compared with their rural and less-educated counterparts. The data also indicated that 10% of the study sample admitted to having had sexual experiences. There were still a large proportion of the respondents who were not aware of STDs other than syphilis and HIV/AIDS and the means of transmission, such as multiple sex partners, including those who claimed to be sexually active. Thus there is a need for more concerted efforts to disseminate information on STDs and transmission methods to a wider audience in Malaysia, especially youths in rural areas.

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Uuskula, A., H. Silm, and T. Vessin. "Sexually transmitted diseases in Estonia: past and present." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920505.

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The present survey covers historical events in Estonia during the era of the USSR regime and the era after independence as regards incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The diagnostical methods used as the reporting system are presented. Reasons for the increased incidence of traditional venereal diseases such as gonorrhoea and syphilis are discussed. The importance of migration of prostitutes from Russia is also considered.

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Borodin, Y. I., I. K. Minnulin, and N. K. Minnulina. "Campylobacteriosis in the pathogenesis of diseases of the female reproductive system." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 6 (November 15, 1999): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70570.

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In the last decade, the number of identified microbes and viruses that can cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has increased significantly. A significant part of people are at risk of contracting STDs due to the peculiarities of sexual behavior, early onset of sexual activity, liberalization of sexual relations, drug addiction, and uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

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Schneede, P. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)—A Synoptic Overview for Urologists." European Urology 44, no. 1 (July 2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00193-3.

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Anyanwu, B. N., F. C. Nwanebu, U. M. Uchegbu, and J. N. Ugwuegbulam. "Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Owerri, Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603129609356884.

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Herold, Betsy C., Alicia M. Siston, Morris Cooper, and Risa Kirkpatrick. "TOPICAL MICROBICIDES TO PREVENT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs) • 1024." Pediatric Research 39 (April 1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199604001-01046.

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Grover, Seema, Nishi Garg, Rupali Rupali, and Balpreet Kaur. "Awareness about reproductive health, contraceptive methods, STDs including HIV/AIDS, and HPV vaccine, among adolescent girls in district Faridkot in Punjab." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (April 27, 2017): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171966.

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Background: Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Female adolescents have a higher risk of contracting an STD than their male counterparts. Hence creating awareness in them about reproductive health is the need of the hour.Methods: This was a cross sectional school based Study which was conducted in various schools of Faridkot city of Punjab where 400 Adolescent girls of class 11th and 12th age between 16-19 years, studying in English medium schools in district Faridkot through predesigned multiple choice questionnaires.Results: In our study, most of the girls (67%) were not aware about the meaning of reproductive health. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS (70.75%) and low (less than 20%) for other STDs. They also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive.Conclusions: Poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, education about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist.

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Gully, Paul R. "Control of Sexually Transmitted Disease: The Canadian Perspective." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, suppl a (1991): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/473236.

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The ability to control a disease depends on knowledge of its epidemiology. Such information on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be ascertained by surveillance data involving the analysis of notification reports, as well as laboratory reports, hospital discharge data, and data from sentinel clinics and health units. In the case of sexually transmitted hepatitis B, notification data will probably have to be corroborated by data from sentinel clinics, health units or physicians. A vigorous attempt must be made to elucidate the mode of transmission in acute cases and newly discovered carriers. Appropriate treatment, contact tracing and primary prevention strategies appear to have had some success in controlling gonorrhea and syphilis. Rates of genital chlamydial infection may also be reduced by the same methods. These diseases will, however, persist in certain 'core groups'. Control of sexually transmitted hepatitis B will require a primary prevention strategy of risk reduction, sexual health promotion and immunization. Targeted immunization programs on their own are not Likely to work. Thus, universal immunization will probably be required along with public acceptance of immunization against STDs and appropriate human and financial resources. Reliable surveillance data will be required for program evaluation.

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Korneyev, Igor A., Ruslan D. Zasseev, Ilja G. Shevchuk, and Angelina A. Pelipejchenko. "Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among men from infertile couples." Urologicheskie vedomosti 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved8230-35.

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Introduction. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can potentially disrupt male fertility; however, the prevalence data for STDs among men from infertile couples is controversial. Aim. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of STDs among men from infertile couples seeking medical assistance in an assisted reproductive technology clinic. Materials and methods. We retrospectively studied the medical records of 307 men (mean age: 35 ± 15 years) consecutively attending an outpatient reproductive clinic for infertility treatment. Duration of the infertile period varied from 4 to 228 months (mean: 38 ± 12 months). We collected urethral swab specimen to investigate the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma species in 235 (76.5%), 232 (75.6%), 270 (87.9%), 301 (98.1%), and 300 (97.7%) men, respectively. Blood tests for syphilis, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpesvirus (HHV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were conducted in 229 (74.6%), 224 (73%), 227 (73.9%), 230 (74.9%), 233(75.9%), and 232 (75.6%) men, respectively, and statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results. Remarkably, all tests were negative in 94 (30.6%) men, and no patient had T. vaginalis or C. trachomatis infection. However, N. gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma were detected in 1 (0.4%), 6 (2.6%), and 14 (4.7%) men, respectively. Syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV, HSV, and CMV tests were positive in 1 (0.4%), 2 (0.9%), 6 (2.6%), 1(0.4%), 177 (76%), and 133 (57%) men, respectively. Conclusions. The prevalence of STDs is high among men from infertile couples. Further studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between STDs and male infertility. (For citation: Korneyev IA, Zasseev RD, Shevchuk IG, Pelipejchenko AA. Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among men from infertile couples. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2018;8(2):30-35. doi: 10.17816/uroved8230-35).

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Fernandes, S. D., N. Jegadish, R. Ramachandran, K. Gopalakrishnan, and Murali Narasimhan. "Four sexually transmitted diseases in one: a rare case report." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 6, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20200612.

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<p class="abstract">Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) often pose a diagnostic challenge especially in countries like India, where access to reliable diagnostic laboratory tests is minimal. The exact cause of the STDs has to be determined, so that appropriate therapy can be administered and the risk of transmission to others can be reduced. However, determining the etiology can be complicated by limitations of current diagnostic testing modalities and by the fact that more than one infection may coexist. Here, authors report a case who presented with genital ulcer disease and discharge with four etiologies.</p>

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G. Rintaugu, Elijah, Edna K. Thangu, Adewale Oyeyemi, and Makama A. Monyeki. "Sexual Behavioral Patterns of Kenyan University Student-Athletes: Implications for Sports Managers." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 3, no. 118 (November 27, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i118.962.

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Background. The debate on whether participation in sports enhances or curtails risky sexual behavior among athletes continues. The purpose of the study was to establish the sexual behavior patterns and associated high risks among University student-athletes. Methods. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect self-report data on sexual behaviors from university student-athletes (n = 151) who participated in a University sports tournament. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and proportions and inferential statistics of chi-square test of independent measures were used to analyze the data. Majority (65%) of the student-athletes were taking part in Ball games and Racket games (13.9%). Results. About a third (33%) of the student-athletes had their first sexual debut while aged between 18 and 20 years, 60% had regular sexual partners, over 30% had more than one sexual partner and 67% would have sexual intercourse with strangers; only 58% of these would seek the sexual history of the strangers. More than half (55%) of the student-athletes frequently used condoms to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, but only 39% of them always used condoms with their sexual partners in the last six months. The participants’ sexual behaviors differed significantly (p < .05) by their gender. Males tended to start having sexual intercourse earlier (p < .002), had more than one sexual partner (p < 0.001) and would always use condoms (p < .001) than females, but more females than males would have sexual intercourse with a stranger (p < .001). Conclusions. Kenyan University student-athletes are sexually active and are faced with high risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partners and sexual intercourse with strangers. The difference in patterns of sexual behavior between male and female student-athletes calls for gender specific interventions by programmers, policy makers and health workers. Keywords: sexual behaviors, student-athletes, sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s).

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Goulet, V., and P. Sednaoui. "Surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases by laboratory networks in France." Eurosurveillance 3, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.03.06.00098-en.

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In France, most of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diagnosed by clinicians in the private sector (general practitioners, gynaecologists, dermatologists who specialise in venereal disease, and urologists) but genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics a

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Voyiatzaki, Chrysa, Maria S. Venetikou, Effie Papageorgiou, Fragiski Anthouli-Anagnostopoulou, Panagiotis Simitzis, Dimitrios I. Chaniotis, and Maria Adamopoulou. "Awareness, Knowledge and Risky Behaviors of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Young People in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910022.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affect mainly young individuals and cause health, social, and economic problems worldwide. The present study used a web questionnaire to assess the awareness, knowledge, sexual behaviors, and common practices regarding STDs in young Greek adults. The 1833 individuals, aged 18–30 years, who responded to the study seem to be particularly knowledgeable regarding STDs such as AIDS (97.7%), warts (97%), Chlamydia (92.2%), genital herpes (89.9%), syphilis (81.9%), and gonorrhea (72.1%), whereas lower percentages were noted for trichomoniasis (39.3%), Molluscum contagiosum (12.9%), mycoplasmosis (11.6%), and amoebiasis (7.4%). Regarding oral STD transmission, participants replied correctly for genital herpes (45%), warts (35.8%), and AIDS (HIV; 33.8%), whereas 30.2% were unfamiliar with oral sexual transmission. Of the participants, 52% were not aware that STDs might cause infertility. Only 40.4% of the respondents reported always using condoms during sexual intercourse, and 48.6% had never been tested for STDs. The majority of the young population (55%) presented a moderate knowledge STD score (41–60%) and was associated with demographic parameters such as age, gender, sexual preference, number of sexual partners, and residence (p < 0.05). These findings provide important information regarding the prevention of STDs and highlight the significance of developing more effective sex education programs for young people in Greece.

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Fong, Pedro, Henry Hoi-Yee Tong, Hio-Lam Cheong, Ka-Hou Choi, Ka-Kei Ieong, Lo-Ka Lam, Chi-Man Wong, and Sin-Wa Wong. "Quality of online information about sexually transmitted diseases." Online Information Review 38, no. 5 (July 7, 2014): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2014-0054.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the quality of online information about sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and determine which web sites are suitable for patients to read. Design/methodology/approach – This study evaluated the integrity, accessibility, readability, reliability, and completeness of 75 web sites providing information on one of five different types of STD. The Google AdWords Keywords Tool was used to determine the five most frequently searched STD terms: HIV, herpes, chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhoea. These five terms were then subjected to a Google search, and the first 15 web sites found for each term were evaluated. The web sites were assessed for integrity on the basis of a defined integrity score, accessibility on the basis of three levels of conformance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, readability on the basis of the Flesch Reading Ease score and the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, reliability on the basis of the LIDA instrument, and completeness on the basis of the quality appraisal instruments developed by the authors. Findings – The results suggested that the quality of information available on different web sites is inconsistent, and the information maintained by government web sites is most appropriate for general public users in terms of integrity, accessibility, readability, reliability, and completeness. Originality/value – There are currently no studies analysing the quality of online information about STDs.

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CLARK, L., and K. BARNESHARPER. "An evaluation of parental knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)." Journal of Adolescent Health 34, no. 2 (February 2004): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00460-9.

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SÁNCHEZ, JORGE, PABLO E. CAMPOS, BARRY COURTOIS, LOURDES GUTIERREZ, CARLOS CARRILLO, JORGE ALARCON, EDUARDO GOTUZZO, et al. "Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in Female Sex Workers." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 30, no. 4 (April 2003): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200304000-00001.

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Maziarz, Lauren N., Nikki Sorgi, and Nicole Fischer. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Residents in Nursing Homes: The Nurses' Perspective." Ohio Journal of Public Health 4, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8069.

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Background: Examining registered nurses' perceptions of sexually transmitted disease (STD) education among residents in nursing homes allows for broader insight into why STDs continue to increase among older adults. Methods: A 4-page pilot survey was mailed to nursing home directors of nursing in Northwest Ohio (n=99) with a response rate of 32%. Directors of nursing were the target population as they are the most likely employee to hold registered nurse licensure. The health belief model formed the basis for the survey. Results: Most nurses did not see STDs or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as problems among their residents (100% and 96%, respectively) yet support for sex among residents was high. All (100%) agreed sex among married residents should be supported, while 77% agreed sex among nonmarried residents should be supported. Most nurses stated they were comfortable discussing HIV risk (84%), STD risk (84%), erectile dysfunction (75%), sexual desire and intimacy (72%), and correct condom use (66%). The most commonly reported perceived barriers to STD education were family opposition (63%), resident embarrassment (56%), and lack of education regarding the prevalence of STDs in older adults (53%). The most commonly reported perceived benefits to STD education were being seen as a leading facility for healthy initiatives (66%) and promotion of healthy sexual relationships among residents (56%). Conclusion: There was strong support for STD education among nurses though implementation remains rare. Addressing the most commonly perceived barriers and benefits may prove beneficial in increasing the number of LTCFs that provide STD education to residents.

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Minichiello, V., S. Paxton, V. Cowling, G. Cross, J. Savage, A. Sculthorpe, and B. Cairns. "University students' knowledge of STDs: labels, symptoms and transmission." International Journal of STD & AIDS 7, no. 5 (August 1, 1996): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462961918077.

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A sample of 630 Victorian university students, aged between 17 and 24, completed a questionnaire on knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Overall students demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge about the names of diseases which are transmitted by sexual contact, symptoms and medical facts and transmission modes of common STDs. However, they had more knowledge about the labels than they did about symptoms and transmission modes and were misinformed about certain clinical aspects of STDs. It was found that the different levels of knowledge varied with the type of STD. Knowledge about symptoms or transmission did not correlate with a disease's incidence or clinical aspects. Sexual experience and having an Australian born mother correlated with higher scores. This study suggests that young people do not have high levels of knowledge about common STDs they may encounter. Identification of a label is of limited personal value if there is no concurrent knowledge about disease transmission and prognosis.

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Shirin, Tahmina, Saidur Rahman, Fareha Jesmin Rabbi, Md Humayun Kabir, and KZ Mamun. "Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Transmission of HIV in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 3, no. 1 (July 28, 2009): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2968.

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The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients attending out patients department of Skin and Venereal diseases of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Shahid Sohrawardy Hospital, Dhaka was studied. A total of 230 patients were enrolled in the study during the period of July, 2006 to May, 2007. Urethral and endocervical swabs were collected from the participants for detection of Neisseria gonorrheae (by culture), Chlamydia trachomatis (by immunochromatoghraphy) and blood samples for the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody (by rapid plasma regain and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay), Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody (both IgM and IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and Human Immunodeficiency virus antibody (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Socio-demographic data and data regarding high-risk sexual behavior were also collected. Out of 230 participants, 199 (86.5%) were positive for STDs pathogens studied, among them, 98 (42.6%) were infected with single pathogen and 101 (43.9%) were suffering from multiple infections. The prevalences of N. gonorrheae, C. trachomatis, T. pallidum, and HSV type 2 were 90 (39.1%), 110 (47.8%), 28 (12.2%) and 88 (38.2%) respectively. However, none of them were positive for HIV infection. Use of condom was significantly associated with protection of the participants against STDs. Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Herpes simplex virus type-2, Human Immunodeficiency virus doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2968 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 27-33

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Rusley, Jack, Jun Tao, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Alex Rosenthal, Madeline Montgomery, Hector R. Nunez, Philip Chan, and Philip Chan. "425. Longitudinal Trends in Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Adolescents and Young Adults at a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic, 2013–2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.498.

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Abstract Background Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates continue to rise in the United States (US). Over half of all new STDs occur in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Few studies have evaluated how sexual behaviors such as number of partners or condom use may contribute to this increase. We aimed to determine the association of sexual behaviors and condom use with STD incidence over time among AYA. Methods We reviewed all AYA ages 13–26 years attending a public STD clinic in Rhode Island from 2013–2017. We reviewed demographic and behavioral data including age, gender identity, risk group, race, ethnicity, insurance status, sexual behaviors, substance use, self-reported STD/HIV diagnosis (lifetime, past year), condom use, and HIV/STD testing results. We report proportions in 2013 and 2017, and performed trend analyses (Cocharn-Armitage test for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis trend test for continuous variables) to determine trends over time. Results A total of 3,822 AYA visited the clinic during the study time period. An increasing trend was observed for: multiple (≥5) partners (29% of AYA in 2013 vs. 38% in 2017, P < 0.001), self-reported past year and lifetime STD diagnosis (12 vs. 21%, P < 0.001 and 19 vs. 33%, P < 0.001, respectively), and lab-documented diagnosis of any STD (15 vs. 25%, P < 0.001), syphilis (2 vs. 5%, P = 0.006), any chlamydia (11 vs. 20%, P = 0.001), and any gonorrhea (3 vs. 8%, P = 0.008). A decreasing trend was observed for: white race (66% in 2013 vs. 43% in 2017, P < 0.001), uninsured (73 vs. 53%, P < 0.001), condomless sex during oral as well as vaginal/anal sex (22 vs. 10%, P = 0.001 and 16 vs. 8%, P = 0.001, respectively), and self-reported HIV diagnosis (2.5% to 0.9%, P = 0.016). Conclusion Among AYA, risk behaviors such as condomless sex and multiple partners increased significantly from 2013–2017, which may be contributing to an increase in STDs. Increased public health efforts are needed to promote education and other interventions to address behaviors associated with STD transmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Stolte, G., N. H. T. M. Dukers, J. B. F. de Wit, H. Fennema, and R. A. Coutinho. "A summary report from Amsterdam: increase in sexually transmitted diseases and risky sexual behaviour among homosexual men in relation to the introduction of new anti-HIV drugs." Eurosurveillance 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.07.02.00346-en.

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The worrying increase of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Amsterdam was investigated in two studies carried out by the department of AIDS research of the municipal health service. The results indicate that the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) may have had an influence on the increase of STDs and risky sexual behaviours in Amsterdam.

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Joesoef, M. R., M. Linnan, Y. Barakbah, A. Idajadi, A. Kambodji, and K. Schulz. "Patterns of sexually transmitted diseases in female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920811.

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Sex workers and their clients as core groups of high frequency transmitters play a dominant role in the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In Surabaya, Indonesia, little is known about the prevalence of STDs in various sex establishments. We conducted an STD prevalence survey of 1873 female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia. We did not find any sex workers with HIV infection. Prevalence rates of other STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, serological test for syphilis positive, and/or trichomoniasis) in female sex workers were 48% in brothels ( n =696), 42% on the streets ( n =192), 16% in massage parlours ( n =344), 25% in barber shops ( n =150), 17% at call-girl houses ( n =73), and 10% in nightclubs ( n =418). Sex workers from the brothels had the highest prevalence rates of gonorrhoea (24%) and trichomoniasis (8%), while sex workers from the streets and the barber shop had the highest rates of serological test for syphilis (STS) positive (30%) and chlamydia (18%). STD rates decreased with an increase in age (except for STS positive), an increase in education, a decrease in the number of sex partners, and condom use in the previous week. Condom use in the previous week was universally low among sex workers, especially among sex workers from the brothels (14%). Sex workers from the brothels had STD rates about 4 times higher than sex workers from the nightclubs (adjusted odds ratio of 4.4). Although the HIV seroprevalence rate is currently low, widespread prostitution and high rates of STDs in sex workers warrant programmes to avert a potential explosion of HIV transmission. Because sex workers from the brothels in Surabaya have high rates of STDs and low use of condoms but good cooperation with local authorities, STD preventive measures should focus on this group.

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CLARK, L., and K. BARNESHARPER. "Who knows more about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? parents or adolescents?" Journal of Adolescent Health 34, no. 2 (February 2004): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00462-2.

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Onile, B. A. "SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs) AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) IN NIGERIA." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v3i2.7333.

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Jones, Rodney. "AIDS and other STDs: Herpes, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases." Medical Journal of Australia 144, no. 7 (March 1986): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb115933.x.

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Adebowale, Ayo Stephen, Musibau Titiloye, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Odunayo Joshua Akinyemi. "Statistical modelling of social risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among female youths in Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 01 (January 15, 2013): 017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2272.

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Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are avertable, but the social risks factors connected to these infections are often unnoticed by many, particularly female youths. Previous studies on STDs among youths in Nigeria only focused on its risk factors but failed to model these risk factors as evidenced in this study. Methodology: The study is retrospective cross-sectional in design which utilized Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2008. It focused on female youths aged 15-24 (n=8093) who ever had sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral and anal). Data analysis was done using Chi-square and logistic regression models. The logistic regression on the data was performed at two stages. These stages generated three and eight different models respectively. Results: Data analyses revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.5. Female youths who were aged between 20-24 years contacted STDs in the last 12 months (2.5%) than those between the ages of 15-19 months (1.4%). A year prevalence of STDs among female youths in Nigeria was 2.1%. Socio-demographic factors such as age, educational status, wealth index, marital status, toilet shared, place of residence, contraceptive use and total life-time number of sexual partners were found to be associated significant risk factors for contacting STDs (P<0.05). Conclusions: The data confirmed the considerable impact of wealth index and contraceptive use as important predictors of STDs acquisition. Constant use of condoms, abstinence and having one uninfected sexual partner can help reduce the risk of STDs transmission.

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Ramachandran, Vijayan, Elavarasi Padmanaban, Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy, Subbarao Naidu, and Manoharan Natesan. "Pharmacophore based virtual screening for identification of marine bioactive compounds as inhibitors against macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein of Chlamydia trachomatis." RSC Advances 6, no. 23 (2016): 18946–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24999f.

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Boutrin, Marie-Claire, and David R. Williams. "What Racism Has to Do with It: Understanding and Reducing Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Youth of Color." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060673.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are high in populations of color compared to Whites. High-risk sexual behaviors are widely viewed as the key contributors to the levels of STDs, especially in adolescents and young adults. This article situates the sexual risk behaviors of Black, Indigenous, and other young people of color within the framework of racism. It begins with an overview of racial inequities in common STDs and shows how racism gives rise to several risk factors for high-risk sexual behaviors. These risk factors for STDs identified in prior research are best understood as adaptations to the challenges and constraints faced by youth in socially disadvantaged environments. Both social adversity and the mental health problems that it triggers can lead to risky sexual behaviors. Drawing on findings from prior research with youth of color, this paper describes the needed interventions that can markedly reduce STDs and their risk factors. It also describes needed research on interventions that could contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the adverse conditions fueled by racism that affect youth of color, their health, and their communities.

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Hino, Yumika, Nobuoki Eshima, Kira Bacal, and Osamu Tokumaru. "Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Morbidities of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Children." Children 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010040.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are causes of public health burden globally. The purpose of this study is to document age-specific and sex-related changes in the morbidity of four representative STDs in children. Japanese national surveillance data from 1999 to 2017 on morbidities of the following four STDs were analyzed by age and sex: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), condylomata acuminate (CA), and genital herpes simplex virus (GHSV). The morbidities of males and females in each age group were compared through the male-to-female morbidity (MFM) ratios. The MFM ratios were not different from one in infants, less than one in children, and greater than one after puberty in all four STDs. The reversal of MFM ratio less than 1 to greater than 1 for NG infection was observed between 10–14 and 15–19 year of age, i.e., during the puberty, while that for GHSV infection was observed between 35–39 and 40–44 year of age, i.e., during adulthood. In conclusion, the morbidities of the four STDs were similar between the sexes in infants, and were higher in female children than in male children, while the morbidities in all four diseases were higher in men after puberty.

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Chilongozi, D. A., C. Costello, Daly L. Franco, N. G. Liomba, and G. Dallabetta. "Sexually transmitted diseases: a survey of case management in Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 7, no. 4 (July 1, 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462961917951.

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A national survey of sexually transmitted disease (STD) case management was carried out at 39 health care facilities in Malawi in 1994. Fifty-four health care providers were observed managing 150 patients presenting with selected STD syndromes and 103 providers were interviewed. STD case management was assessed by calculation of WHO/GPA prevention indicators (PIs) from observation data. The overall rate for PI-6, which measures correct assessment and treatment of STD patients was 11% (81% for history taking, 46% in physical examination, and 13% correct antibiotic treatment according to national guidelines). The score for PI-7, which measures overall patient counselling was 29% (65% for partner notification and 40% for condom advice). Although Haemophilus ducreyi is at least as common as Treponema pallidum as the causative agent for genital ulcers, only 16% of patients with genital ulcers were treated effectively for chancroid vs 56% for syphilis. Female patients received less comprehensive care than male STD patients. Only 20% of STD patients were offered condoms. Overall, the survey results support the policy decision to adopt syndromic management of STDs, and provide baseline information for planning and evaluation of a national control programme.

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Ryan, K. A., L. Zekeng, R. E. Roddy, and S. S. Weir. "Prevalence and prediction of sexually transmitted diseases among sex workers in Cameroon." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922494.

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The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases STDs , describe the frequency of genitourinary symptoms and signs, and to assess the accuracy of clinical diagnoses of STD in a cohort of Cameroonian sex workers. Physical examinations were conducted on 1233 sex workers in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon. Symptoms experienced within the 14 days prior to examination were collected. Women were tested for gonorrhoea, chlamydia infection, and trichomoniasis. Doctors clinical impressions were compared with laboratory tests. Prevalence of cervical infection and trichomoniasis was 20 . A high percentage of abnormal signs and symptoms was found in this cohort. Clinical diagnosis for cervicitis and trichomoniasis had low sensitivities 50 while specificity remained high 65 . In conclusion STDs are common among sex workers in Cameroon. Clinical diagnosis was not an accurate predictor of infection at the individual level in this population at risk of STD.

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Beck, E. J., S. Mandalia, K. Leonard, R. J. Griffith, J. R. W. Harris, and D. L. Miller. "Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission." International Journal of STD & AIDS 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462961917023.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the association between infection with HIV-1 infection and a history of other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). We were able to match 1295 HIV-1 infected patients who attended St Mary's Hospital between 1985 and 1991 with 1273 seronegative controls on gender, sexual orientation, injecting drug use and age at time of test. The cases were 3 times more likely to have a history of ever having had another STD than the controls: multivariate conditional logistic regression showed that, after controlling for sexual behaviour, for known sexual contact with an HIV infected individual or AIDS patient or with a resident from a high HIV prevalence area, area of residence and for year of test, a history of gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes or genital warts were all significantly associated with HIV-1 seropositive status. These findings reinforce the need for HIV containment strategies to be promoted in conjunction with containment programmes for other STDs.

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Md, E. Bertherat, M. C. Georges-Courbot Md, R. Nabias Phd, A. J. Georges Md, and A. Renaut Md. "Seroprevalence of four sexually transmitted diseases in a semi-urban population of Gabon." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981921008.

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Summary: Using the cluster-sampling method, the authors estimated the seroprevalence of 4 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among the sexually active general population in a city of 30,000 inhabitants in the east of Gabon. The seroprevalences were 2% for HIV-1, 13.8% for hepatitis B, 8.6% for Treponema pallidum and 59.6% for Chlamydia trachomatis . The seroprevalences of hepatitis B and chlamydia were stable over time and similar to those registered in other countries of central Africa. On the other hand, the seroprevalence of T. pallidum is notably low in comparison with these countries and seems to be decreasing. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 is also low but has doubled in 8 years in the city. Immigrant women from west Africa were a high-risk group for STDs but more generally, cohabiting was a risk factor for women.

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KC, Vikash Kumar, Shiva Bahadur Karki, and Bipin Raj Niraula. "Correlates of Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) among Youths in Nepal." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2 (August 17, 2017): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v2i1.18073.

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Cross sectional and nationally representative sample drawn from Nepal Adolescent and Youth Survey 2011, this paper attempts to examine the correlates associated with knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young population in Nepal. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used to examine the correlates associated with the knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases among youths. Bivariate analysis reveals that education, mass media exposure, mother’s education, marital status, ecological belts and regions are significantly associated (p<0.001). However, multivariate analysis shows that education and mass media exposure are the strong factors (p<0.001) associated with knowledge of at least one STD among youths after controlling others variables in the model. A special attention should be given to girls’ education particularly for the rural, remote and interior parts of the country. In addition, IEC through mass media may be an immediate action to improve the level of knowledge and awareness about STDs among youths in Nepal. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 101-109

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Wagner, H. U., E. Van Dyck, E. Roggen, A. J. Nunn, A. Kamali, D. Scott Schmid, J. G. Dobbins, and D. W. Mulder. "Seroprevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Rural Ugandan Population." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 5 (September 1994): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500509.

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The aim of the study was to determine in a rural population the age-and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates of serological reactivity of 5 common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their association with HIV-1 antibody status. Of the adult population of two villages (529 adults aged 15 years or more) 294 provided an adequate blood specimen both on enrolment and at 12 months. The sera were tested at 3 collaborating laboratories for antibodies against HIV-1, Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). A sample of 45 children were tested for HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seroprevalence rates in adults on enrolment were 7.8% for HIV-1, 10.8% for active syphilis, 10.4% for H. ducreyi, 66.0% for C. trachomatis, 91.2% for HSV-1 and 67.9% for HSV-2. Males were significantly more likely than females to be seropositive for H. ducreyi (15.6% versus 6.6%), but less likely to be HSV-2 antibody positive (57.0% versus 74.4%). Reactivity to H. ducreyi, C. trachomatis and HSV-2 rose with increasing age. In contrast, active syphilis showed no age trend. All STDs tended to be more common in those HIV-1 seropositive. Incidence rates over the 12 months were nil for HIV-1, 0.5% for syphilis, 1.2% for H. ducreyi, 11.3% for C. trachomatis, and 16.7% for HSV-2. The results of this exploratory study indicate that all STDs included are common in this rural population. The high HSV-2 prevalence rate among adolescents suggests that HSV-2 may be an important risk factor for HIV-1 infection. HSV-2 serology may be a useful tool to monitor sexual behaviour interventions in young people.

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Kusimba, J., H. A. C. M. Voeten, H. B. O'Hara, J. M. Otido, J. D. F. Habbema, J. O. Ndinya-Achola, and J. J. Bwayo. "Traditional healers and the management of sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi, Kenya." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203762869223.

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To describe the role of traditional healers in STD case management, in-depth interviews were held with 16 healers (seven witchdoctors, five herbalists and four spiritual healers) in four slum areas in Nairobi, Kenya. All healers believed that STDs are sexually transmitted and recognized the main symptoms. The STD-caseload varied largely, with a median of one patient per week. Witchdoctors and herbalists dispensed herbal medication for an average of seven days, whereas spiritual healers prayed. Thirteen healers gave advice on sexual abstinence during treatment, 11 on contact treatment, four on faithfulness and three on condom use. All healers asked patients to return for review and 13 reported referring patients whose conditions persist to public or private health care facilities. Thus, traditional healers in Nairobi play a modest but significant role in STD management. Their contribution to STD health education could be strengthened, especially regarding the promotion of condoms and faithfulness.

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Sikström, B., D. Hellberg, S. Nilsson, I. Kallings, and P. A. Mårdh. "Sexually Transmitted and Other Genital Infections in Women With Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 2 (1995): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744995000342.

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Objective:We investigated possible correlations between latent cervical human papillomavirus infection (CHPI) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Methods:Of 972 randomly selected women attending 2 family planning clinics and a youth clinic who had agreed to participate in a study concerning STDs, 66 (6.8%) had latent CHPI.Results:An association was found between latent CHPI on one hand and a history of genital chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, recurrent vaginal candidiasis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on the other, while no correlation between latent CHPI and coexistent STDs was found. No correlation of latent CHPI to either current or past genital warts was noted. In multifactorial analyses, which included the lifetime number of sexual partners and age at first intercourse, we found that all significant associations except a history of gonorrhea vanished.Conclusions:In this study population, screening for other current STDs in women with latent CHPI would be of limited value.

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Manjunath, J. V., D. M. Thappa, and T. J. Jaisankar. "Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual lifestyles of long-distance truck drivers: A clinico-epidemiologic study in south India." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/09564620260216317.

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Our study objective was to determine the prevalence and pattern of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to study sexual lifestyles of long-distance truck drivers and their assistants in south India. For this, a total of 263 truck drivers/assistants were recruited from the highway clinic from October 1999 to March 2001. All of them were sexually active and heterosexual contact was the predominant mode (99.2%). Two-thirds of them had contact with commercial sex workers (CSWs) and roughly 60% admitted alcohol consumption. One hundred and two participants (38.7%) had various STDs. The positivity rates of HIV, VDRL and HBsAg were 15.9%, 13.3% and 21.2% respectively. The higher median age, education less than primary school level, longer duration of occupation, longer duration of each trip and a previous history of genital ulcer disease were significant risk factors for the acquisition of HIV infection.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s'

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