Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sexual orientation bias

Academic literature on the topic 'Sexual orientation bias'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sexual orientation bias"

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Briones-Robinson, Rhissa, Ràchael A. Powers, and Kelly M. Socia. "Sexual Orientation Bias Crimes." Criminal Justice and Behavior 43, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1688–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816660583.

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LGBT hate crimes are typically more violent and involve greater victim injury as compared to other victimizations, but they are substantially underreported. Victim reluctance to contact law enforcement may arise from perceptions of police bias. This study explores victim–police interactions, specifically reporting to the police, perceived police bias among victims who did not report, and differential police behavior among victims who reported. Using multiple years of National Crime Victimization Survey data, sexual orientation bias victimizations are compared with other forms of victimization. Logit regression models are examined before and after the Matthew Shepard Act. The pattern of results indicate that in the years following progressive policy reforms, LGBT bias victims continue to perceive the police as biased. Results do not significantly differ between sexual orientation bias victims and victims of other types of crime regarding police reporting and differential police response. Implications for policing efforts with the LGBT community are discussed.
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Steffens, Melanie C., Sören Landmann, and Silvia Mecklenbräuker. "Participant Sexual Orientation Matters." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 5 (June 1, 2013): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000209.

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Research participants’ sexual orientation is not consistently taken into account in experimental psychological research. We argue that it should be in any research related to participant or target gender. Corroborating this argument, an example study is presented on the gender bias in face recognition, the finding that women correctly recognize more female than male faces. In contrast, findings with male participants have been inconclusive. An online experiment (N = 1,147) was carried out, on purpose over-sampling lesbian and gay participants. Findings demonstrate that the pro-female gender bias in face recognition is modified by male participants’ sexual orientation. Heterosexual women and lesbians as well as heterosexual men showed a pro-female gender bias in face recognition, whereas gay men showed a pro-male gender bias, consistent with the explanation that differences in face expertise develop congruent with interests. These results contribute to the growing evidence that participant sexual orientation can be used to distinguish between alternative theoretical explanations of given gender-correlated patterns of findings.
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Stacey, Michele. "Distinctive Characteristics of Sexual Orientation Bias Crimes." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 15 (December 13, 2010): 3013–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510390950.

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Richmond, Tracy K., Courtney E. Walls, and S. Bryn Austin. "Sexual Orientation and Bias in Self‐Reported BMI." Obesity 20, no. 8 (August 2012): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2012.9.

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Li, Gu. "Discussion paper: On the measurement of sexual orientation." PsyPag Quarterly 1, no. 101 (December 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2016.1.101.20.

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Whereas the concept of sexual orientation is no stranger to lay people, its measurement poses challenges to researchers. Self-report measures can be readily incorporated into large-scale surveys but is subject to self-report bias. Automatic measures may reduce self-report bias yet the findings are dependent on sample representativeness. Measures that overcome these shortcomings may bring fresh insight into studies of sexual orientation.
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Dunbar, Edward. "Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Hate Crime Victimization: Identity Politics or Identity Risk?" Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.323.

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This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1,538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n = 551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n = 987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violence to the person and impact upon victim level of functioning. More violent forms of aggression were predictive of gay and lesbian victim’s underreportage to law enforcement. For sexual orientation offenses, victim gender and race/ethnicity differences were predictive of the base rates of crime reportage as well. These findings are considered in terms of a group-risk hypothesis, encountered by multiple outgroup persons, that influences help-seeking behavior and ingroup identity.
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Liddle, Becky J. "Coming Out in Class: Disclosure of Sexual Orientation and Teaching Evaluations." Teaching of Psychology 24, no. 1 (February 1997): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839702400108.

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A lesbian assistant professor of counseling psychology disclosed her sexual orientation during lectures to 2 sections of an undergraduate course and did not disclose in 2 comparable sections of the same course. Group differences in means and variances of teaching evaluations were examined for possible student bias. No evidence of sexual orientation bias was found.
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Drydakis, Nick. "Sexual orientation discrimination in the Cypriot labour market. Distastes or uncertainty?" International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 720–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2012-0026.

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Purpose – Sexual orientation and employment bias is examined in Cyprus by implementing an experiment for the period 2010-2011. The design is aimed at answering three main questions. Do gay males and lesbians face occupational access constraints and entry wage bias than comparable heterosexuals? Do gay males and lesbians benefit from providing more job-related information? Does the differential treatment between gay male/lesbian and heterosexual applicants disappear as the information of the applicants increases? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The author sent applications to advertised vacancies and experimented with two information sets the “sexual orientation” and “information” of the potential applicants. Findings – The estimations suggest that gay male and lesbian applicants face significant bias than heterosexual applicants. Moreover, both heterosexual and gay male/lesbian applicants gain by providing more job-related information. However, the estimations suggest that the informational premium for sexual orientation minorities could not reduce the discriminatory patterns. Practical implications – The current results indicate that discrimination against sexual orientation minorities in the Cypriot labour market is a matter of preference, not the result of limited information. One strategy the Cypriot government may employ is to try to affect public opinion and people's attitudes towards sexual orientation minorities. Originality/value – This is the first nationwide field experiment in the Cypriot labour market and contributes to the literature as it is the first field study on sexual orientation which tries to disentangle statistical from taste-based discrimination in the labour market.
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Blandford, John M. "The Nexus of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Determination of Earnings." ILR Review 56, no. 4 (July 2003): 622–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600405.

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This analysis of 1989–96 General Social Survey data reveals how sexual orientation and gender jointly influence earnings outcomes. Gay and bisexual men experienced a 30–32% income disadvantage relative to heterosexual peers, while lesbian and bisexual women enjoyed a wage premium of 17–23%. The disparate earnings effects of sexual orientation across genders suggest that workplace discrimination may be only one factor accounting for measured wage differentials associated with sexual orientation. These findings qualify pioneering work on the subject that indicated that wage differentials were attributable largely to employer bias. A further analysis that distinguishes the separate effects of gender, marital status, and sexual orientation suggests that differentials long attributed to marital status may in part reflect previously unobserved effects of sexual orientation.
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Nelson, Robert L., Ioana Sendroiu, Ronit Dinovitzer, and Meghan Dawe. "Perceiving Discrimination: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in the Legal Workplace." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 04 (June 25, 2019): 1051–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.4.

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Using quantitative and qualitative data from a large national sample of lawyers, we examine self-reports of perceived discrimination in the legal workplace. Across three waves of surveys, we find that persons of color, white women, and LGBTQ attorneys are far more likely to perceive they have been a target of discrimination than white men. These differences hold in multivariate models that control for social background, status in the profession and the work organization, and characteristics of the work organization. Qualitative comments describing these experiences reveal that lawyers of different races, genders, and sexual orientations are exposed to distinctive types of bias, that supervisors and clients are the most frequent sources of discriminatory treatment, and the often-overt character of perceived discrimination. These self-reports suggest that bias in the legal workplace is widespread and rooted in the same hierarchies of race, gender, and sexual orientation that pervade society.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sexual orientation bias"

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Hartman, Jennifer S. "ARE CLINICIANS BIASED? THE ROLE OF CLIENT VARIABLES IN CLINICIAN ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998321388.

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Griffith, Kristin Heather. "Sexual orientation, gender roles, and occupation: Bias during the selection process?" Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17269.

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Two studies were conducted examining the relationship between applicant sexual orientation, applicant gender, and hiring bias for stereotypically masculine and feminine jobs. Study 1 examined the job-related traits associated with male and female heterosexuals and homosexuals, and it was found that feminine traits were ascribed to homosexual males and masculine traits were ascribed to homosexual females. Study 2 had subjects rank 10 applicants (one male homosexual, one female homosexual, 4 male heterosexuals, 4 female heterosexuals) for either a masculine or feminine job, and rate the applicants on job selection criteria. Results showed that homosexual applicants were rated lower than heterosexual applicants for masculine and feminine jobs, and there was a 3-way interaction between applicant sexual orientation, applicant gender, and job type. Also examined was the relationship between subject individual differences and trait ratings of applicants with hiring decisions. Future research directions were discussed.
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Gordon, Timothy D. "Clinical judgment bias in response to client sexual orientation and therapist heterosexuality identity development." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1628855.

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The current study examined the effect of client sexual orientation and gender role on psychologists’ clinical judgment. A secondary purpose was to examine the extent that psychologist heterosexual identity development status affects the level of heterosexist judgment error displayed when working with lesbian and gay male clients. It was hypothesized that psychologists’ clinical decisions will differ as a result of client sex, client sexual orientation, and client gender role when therapist heterosexual identity development status is controlled for, with psychologists providing significantly different clinical judgments (as measured by diagnostic impression ratings, global and relational functioning ratings, and therapist reported client attractiveness) for lesbian and gay male clients and those displaying cross gendered gender roles than heterosexual female and male clients and those displaying gender-congruent gender roles. It was also hypothesized that psychologist heterosexual identity development status and client sexual orientation together are better predictors of the variation observed in psychologist clinical decisions than client sexual orientation alone. Eight hundred randomly selected members of the American Psychological Association, were presented with a clinical vignette describing fictions client seeking psychological services. The vignettes were identical except for client sex (female or male), sexual orientation (heterosexual or lesbian/gay), and gender role (feminine or masculine), which were manipulated to produce eight different vignettes. After reviewing the vignette, participants provided their diagnostic impressions of the client, rated the overall attractiveness of the client, and completed a measure designed to assess their level of heterosexual identity development. One hundred and thirty-five participants completed the study's materials and were included in the main analyses. Results of the randomized 2 (Client Sex) x 2 (Client Sexual Orientation) x 2 (Client Gender Role) multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for psychologist heterosexual identity development status, found that psychologists significantly differed in their assessment of lesbian and gay male clients and heterosexual female and male clients on a variety of clinical factors. Results of a series of multiple linear regressions found that psychologist heterosexual identity development status and client sexual orientation together were better predictors of the variation observed in psychologist clinical decisions than client sexual orientation alone.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Noelle, Monique. "The psychological effects of hate -crime victimization based on sexual orientation bias: Ten case studies." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3110536.

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Quantitative studies have shown that anti-bisexual, gay, and lesbian (BGL) hate crimes have greater psychological impact on BGL victims than do non-hate-motivated crimes of similar severity (Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 1999), contribute to psychological distress in BGL people (Mays & Cochran, 2001; Meyer, 1995), and can cause BGL people to remain closeted (D'Augelli, 1992; Pilkington & D'Augelli, 1995). The present study explores the possible mechanisms and sources of the greater impact of hate crimes on BGL victims. In this qualitative research, I investigated the psychological effects of anti-BGL hate crimes through in-depth interviews with 10 BGL people who perceived that they were victims of hate crimes based on sexual orientation bias. Interviewees were 4 lesbian women, 2 bisexual women, and 4 gay men, and 9 of the 10 were White. They ranged in age from 20 to 50 and represented a wide range of degree of sexual orientation disclosure. Each participated in one or two interviews of one to two hours, which were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically, using qualitative analysis software (NVivo) that facilitated coding and sorting of data. Victimization experiences included violent crimes (3), harassment at work and school (2), harassment in the neighborhood (2), and multiple incidents of harassment (3). Results are 10 case studies that elucidate the effects that hate crimes had within the context of each individual's life and history. Each case study presents the participant's coming-out history, and previous traumatic and bias-related experiences, as well as hate-crime experience(s) and perceived sequelae. Three case studies also include accounts of relevant judicial proceedings, and two include reviews of results by the participants. Findings within and across cases are discussed, as well as strengths and limitations of the study and implications for future research. Results suggest factors that may contribute to the relatively more severe psychological impact of hate crimes, including: lesser availability of family support; disruption of BGL identity and coming out processes; intrusion into romantic relationships; damaged expectations of how one will be viewed and treated as a BGL person in the world; a generalized sense of anger about the victimization; and secondary victimization.
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Books on the topic "Sexual orientation bias"

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Herbst, Philip H. Wimmin, Wimps & Wallflowers: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Gender and Sexual Orientation Bias in the United States. Intercultural Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sexual orientation bias"

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Plumm, Karyn M., and Kristen N. Leighton. "Sexual Orientation and Gender Bias Motivated Violent Crime." In Advances in Psychology and Law, 175–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11042-0_6.

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Stotzer, Rebecca L. "Bias Crimes Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Global Prevalence, Impacts, and Causes." In Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice, 45–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9188-0_3.

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Poteat, V. Paul, Jillian R. Scheer, and Eddie S. K. Chong. "Sexual Orientation-Based Disparities in School and Juvenile Justice Discipline Practices: Attending to Contributing Factors and Evidence of Bias." In Inequality in School Discipline, 61–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51257-4_4.

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Poteat, V. Paul. "Understanding and Reducing Homophobic Harassment and Victimization in Schools." In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling, 15–38. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0002.

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Bias-based harassment, or harassment based on one’s actual or perceived social identity, such as sexual orientation, remains a prominent concern in many schools. Homophobic harassment is one form of bias-based harassment evident in schools. Not only is homophobic harassment common compared to non–bias-based victimization, it also carries distinct and elevated consequences for those who experience it. Given the seriousness of homophobic harassment and the consequences of experiencing it, this chapter addresses three key issues. First, it provides a review of individual and contextual factors that underlie homophobic behavior and its perpetuation over time. Second, the chapter describes the various processes by which homophobic victimization predicts health and academic concerns for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and heterosexual youth. Finally, the chapter covers several factors that may promote resilience among youth who experience this form of victimization. Each section notes implications for research, practice, and policy.
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Schriber, Sarah S., Stacey S. Horn, Christina Peter, L. Boyd Bellinger, and David Fischer. "Supporting LGB/T Youth." In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling, 75–96. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0005.

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Bullying and harassment are frequently linked to issues of bias and discrimination. ​​Bullying and harassment based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI)​ comprise some of the most common forms of harassment in schools ​and can ​affect​ the health and functioning of​​ all youth. In this chapter, the authors introduce Comprehensive School Transformation (CST), a new approach for addressing bias-motivated bullying and harassment,​​ broadly, and SOGI-related harassment, specifically​​.​​ This approach includes tailoring and coordinating efforts in seven key domains to the unique needs of each school context. The chapter includes support for the CST model and resources that schools can use to start the CST process in their contexts.
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"VICTIM EXPERIENCES IN HATE CRIMES BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION." In Hate and Bias Crime, 261–78. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-30.

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Laub, Carolyn, and Hilary Burdge. "The Use of Research in Policy and Advocacy for Creating Safe Schools for LGBTQ Students." In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling, 310–29. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0018.

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Written from the perspective of advocates, this chapter explores how research has been useful for policy and advocacy efforts to create safer schools for LGBTQ students. The authors discuss the use of population-based research that has provided demographic and baseline data about rates of bullying for LGBTQ students, youth-led research in schools that fuels student advocacy for improvements in school climate, community-based research about the steps schools can take to improve student safety and foster positive learning environments for all students, and public opinion polling designed to support and defend legislation requiring LGBTQ-inclusive curriculum in schools. The chapter also discusses ways that nonprofit organizations may conduct and use research as the foundation for designing and implementing solutions and best practices that improve school climate and reduce bias-motivated bullying against students, such as school policy change, professional development for school personnel, and LGBTQ curriculum inclusion.
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Marks, Quinton L., Bilal El-Amin, and Abeni El-Amin. "Strategies for Mitigating Bias in Training and Development." In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 278–88. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4803-8.ch014.

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This chapter will examine the importance of mitigating bias in training and development, which provides internal and external scanning, thus mitigating bias in selection, promotion, compensation, information sharing, and implicit biases. Further, bias in training and development arises when training participants are intentionally or unintentionally targeted because of individual aspects of the “Big 8,” consisting of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, ability, religion/spirituality, nationality, and socioeconomic status. Akin to research, information bias results from misleading training participants by providing incomplete information or showing imaging that is not representative of a diverse group of people. Additionally, DEIB training and development leadership and risk factors are addressed.
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Rubenstein, William B. "Some Reflections on the Study of Sexual Orientation Bias in the Legal Profession." In Sexuality and Identity, 345–69. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351126649-14.

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Upadhyay, Ashwani Kumar, and Komal Khandelwal. "Algorithms and Diversity." In Global Perspectives on Maintaining Gender, Age, and Religious Diversity in the Workplace, 309–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5151-9.ch016.

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Organizations struggle with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues despite having DEI management as a KRA for senior management and human resource (HR) professionals. The review of research papers and articles shows that diversity issues result from discrimination based on gender, race, age, sexual orientation, religion, caste, and colour. Artificial intelligence-based platforms can use predictive and descriptive analytics to handle employee data from multiple sources like recruitment, payroll, training, and performance appraisal for conscious and unconscious bias traces. The HR managers can use these insights to handle DEI issues to save organizations from discrimination-based lawsuits and negative press coverage.
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Reports on the topic "Sexual orientation bias"

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Amanda, Haynes, and Schweppe Jennifer. Ireland and our LGBT Community. Call It Hate Partnership, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/8065.

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Basic figures: – A large majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that gay men and lesbians (88%), bisexual people (87%) and transgender people (85%) “should be free to live their own life as they wish”. – Women were significantly more likely than men to agree with the above statement in respect to every identity group. People aged 25-34 years were significantly more likely than the general population to disagree with the statement. – On average, respondents were comfortable having people with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity as neighbours. Responses were significantly more positive towards having lesbians (M=8.51), bisexual people (M=8.40) and gay men (M=8.38) as neighbours compared to transgender people (M=7.98). – High levels of empathy were expressed with crime victims across all identity categories. Respondents were similarly empathetic towards heterosexual couples (M= 9.01), lesbian couples (M=9.05) and transgender persons (M=8.86) who are physically assaulted on the street. However, gay couples (M= 8.55) attracted significantly less empathy than a lesbian couple in similar circumstances. – Respondents were significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of a victim with a disability (M=7.86), than on behalf of an LGBT victim (M=6.96), but significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of an LGBT victim than an Irish Traveller (M= 5.82). – Respondents reported similar willingness to intervene on behalf of a lesbian pushed and slapped on the street by a stranger (M=7.38) and a transgender person (M= 7.03) in the same situation. Respondents were significantly more unlikely to intervene on behalf of a gay man (M=6.63) or bisexual person (M= 6.89) compared to a lesbian. – A third of respondents (33%) disagreed that violence against lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender people is a “serious problem in my country”, but more than half (58%) agreed that hate crimes hurt more than equivalent, non-bias, crimes.
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