Journal articles on the topic 'Sexual minorities – Services for – Canada'
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Saini, Rajnish. "Systemic Discrimination in Policing: Four Key Factors to Address." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.179.
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Canada’s demographic landscape is comprised of a breadth of cultures and religious beliefs, racialized groups, Indigenous persons, and genders and sexual orientations. In contrast, the demographic composition of many police services in Canada does not reflect the communities they serve. While efforts of police services across Canada to diversify have led to a proliferation of racial minorities, women, and Indigenous persons gaining employment within police organizations, serious obstacles of exclusion, racism, and discrimination remain. This paper will critically analyze four factors that accentuate and contribute to systemic discrimination in policing and provide recommendations to identify, mitigate, and address this issue.
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Ferlatte, Olivier, Travis Salway, John L. Oliffe, Elizabeth M. Saewyc, Cindy Holmes, Lynette Schick, Aaron Purdie, et al. "It is time to mobilize suicide prevention for sexual and gender minorities in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 111, no. 5 (April 23, 2020): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00316-3.
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Abstract Suicide is a significant health issue among sexual and gender minority adults (SGMA); yet, there are no tailored suicide prevention programs for these marginalized populations in Canada. We hosted two world cafés with community leaders, health professionals, policymakers, and researchers to identify recommendations for mobilizing SGMA-focused suicide prevention programs. We identified five priorities: (1) make society safer for sexual and gender minorities; (2) decrease barriers to mental health services; (3) support community-driven and community-based interventions; (4) increase suicide knowledge and reduce stigma; (5) expand the knowledge base on SGMA suicide. In the absence of a national Canadian SGMA suicide prevention policy, these priorities provide a starting point in addressing SGMA suicide inequities by advancing SGMA-tailored interventions.
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Rogers, Tracey L., Kristen Emanuel, and Judith Bradford. "Sexual Minorities Seeking Services." Journal of Lesbian Studies 7, no. 1 (December 12, 2002): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j155v07n01_09.
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Mann, Wendy M. "Portraits of Social Services Programs for Rural Sexual Minorities." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 7, no. 3 (November 1997): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v07n03_08.
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Blais, Martin, Jesse Gervais, and Martine Hébert. "Internalized homophobia as a partial mediator between homophobic bullying and self-esteem among youths of sexual minorities in Quebec (Canada)." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, no. 3 (March 2014): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014193.16082013.
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Verbal/psychological homophobic bullying is widespread among youths of sexual minorities. Homophobic bullying has been associated with both high internalized homophobia and low self-esteem. The objectives were to document verbal/psychological homophobic bullying among youths of sexual minorities and model the relationships between homophobic bullying, internalized homophobia and self-esteem. A community sample of 300 youths of sexual minorities aged 14 to 22 years old was used. A structural equation model was tested using a nonlinear, robust estimator implemented in Mplus. The model postulated that homophobic bullying impacts self-esteem both directly and indirectly, via internalized homophobia. 60.7% of the sample reported at least one form of verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model explained 29% of the variance of self-esteem, 19.6% of the variance of internalized homophobia and 5.3% of the verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model suggests that the relationship between verbal/psychological homophobic bullying and self-esteem is partially mediated by internalized homophobia. The results underscore the importance of initiatives to prevent homophobic bullying in order to prevent its negative effects on the well-being of youths of sexual minorities.
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Morison, Tracy, and Ingrid Lynch. "‘We can’t help you here’: The discursive erasure of sexual minorities in South African public sexual and reproductive health services." Psychology of Sexualities Review 7, no. 2 (2016): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssex.2016.7.2.7.
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Worldwide, sexual and gender minorities struggle to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. In South Africa, sexual prejudice is entrenched and pervasive in health systems and SRH services do not cater for a diverse range of people. Though health reform is underway, little attention has been given to how sexuality is being addressed in this process, particularly in the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme currently being piloted. We analyse interview data generated in an NHI pilot district, using discursive methodology, informed by a sexual and reproductive justice standpoint. We show how sexual and gender minorities are discursively in/visibilised in health settings and discuss these findings in relation to the social justice and solidarity aims of health systems reform.
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Magnet, Joseph Eliot. "The Future of Official Language Minorities." Les droits des minorités linguistiques 27, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042734ar.
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Quelle est la situation actuelle des langues minoritaires au Canada ? Tandis que les communautés de francophones hors Québec n'ont cessé de décroître depuis le siècle dernier, celle des anglophones du Québec avait su se maintenir jusqu'à récemment. Cependant l'avènement de la Charte de la langue française a modifié considérablement la situation. Tout cela nous amène à nous interroger à savoir si les minorités linguistiques survivront au Canada. Pour cela, il faudrait que ces minorités soient centralisées territorialement et que soient mises sur pied des institutions permettant l'usage de leur langue, telles des écoles, des structures gouvernementales, culturelles et économiques. La grande lacune au Canada en matière de protection des communautés linguistiques se situe au plan du développement économique. Le gouvernement, en implantant des centres de recherches et des services spécialisés au sein d'une communauté minoritaire, assurerait sa subsistance.
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Higgins, Robert, Brian Hansen, Beth E. Jackson, Ashley Shaw, and Nathan J. Lachowsky. "Programs and interventions promoting health equity in LGBTQ2+ populations in Canada through action on social determinants of health." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 41, no. 12 (December 2021): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.12.04.
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Abstract Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) experience a number of health inequities. That social determinants of health drive these inequities is well-documented, but there is little evidence on the number and types of interventions across Canada that address these determinants for these populations. We conducted an environmental scan of programs in Canada that target SGM, and classified the programs based on their level of intervention (individual/interpersonal, institutional and structural). We found that few programs target women, mid-life adults, Indigenous people or ethnoracial minorities, recent immigrants and refugees, and minority language speakers, and few interventions operate at a structural level.
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Alimezelli, Hubert Tote, Anne Leis, Chandima Karunanayake, and Wilfrid Denis. "Determinants of self-rated health of Francophone seniors in a minority situation in Canada." Minorités linguistiques et société, no. 3 (June 26, 2013): 144–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023804ar.
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Current trends show that governments and health institutions in Canada and other developed nations are responding inadequately to the growing need for health services of the increasingly aging population. The Analysis of Statistics Canada’s 2006 post-census Survey on the Vitality of Official Language Minorities show that in addition to age and other socio-demographic determinants, linguistic barriers affect the self-rated health of seniors of official languages living in a minority situation. This study suggests among other things a greater understanding of Official language minorities’ contextual realities, the improvement of both the linguistic environment and services in the minority language.
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Denier, Nicole, and Sean Waite. "Data and discrimination: A research note on sexual orientation in the Canadian labour market." Canadian Studies in Population 43, no. 3-4 (January 17, 2017): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6xp4s.
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Growing interest in the labour market outcomes of sexual minorities presents novel methodological and theoretical challenges. In this note, we outline important challenges in the study of wage inequality between sexual minorities and heterosexuals in Canada. We discuss the current state of available data on sexual orientation and economic outcomes in Canada, and further evaluate how estimates of sexual orientation wage gaps differ across earnings definition and sample composition. Our analysis of the 2006 Census shows considerable heterogeneity in point estimates of wage disadvantage across definitions of earnings and sample selections; however, all estimates show that gay men suffer labour market penalties and lesbians experience wage premiums.L’intérêt grandissant pour la situation des minorités sexuelles sur marché du travail soulève de nouveaux enjeux méthodologiques et théoriques. Dans ce commentaire, nous soulignons les enjeux importants que présente l’étude des inégalités salariales entre minorités sexuelles et hétérosexuels au Canada. Nous discutons de la disponibilité actuelle de données sur l’orientation sexuelle et le revenu au Canada et évaluons la manière selon laquelle les écarts salariaux varient en fonction de la définition de revenu et la composition de l’échantillon. Notre analyse du recensement de 2006 indique une hétérogénéité considérable des estimations ponctuelles de l’écart salarial à travers différentes définitions de revenu et différentes sélections d’échantillon. Cependant, toutes les estimations indiquent que les hommes gays sont désavantagés sur le marché du travail et que les lesbiennes obtiennent des salaires supérieurs.
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Hussain, Amir. "Muslims in Canada: Opportunities and challenges." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 33, no. 3-4 (September 2004): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980403300305.
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This article outlines the major opportunities and challenges that shape the identities of Muslims in Canada and argues that Canadian Muslims are closer to each other and are also less alienated from, or closer to, the majority (non-Muslim) population than are Muslims in the United States. The opportunities discussed are multiculturalism, Muslim minorities and interfaith dialogue. As Muslims in Canada build institutions, communities and lives, Canadian contexts present them with challenges as well as opportunities. Five key challenges are discussed in this article: mosques, community life and Muslim worship, marking boundaries, gender and sexual orientation.
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Salway, Travis, Stephen Juwono, Ben Klassen, Olivier Ferlatte, Aidan Ablona, Harlan Pruden, Jeffrey Morgan, et al. "Experiences with sexual orientation and gender identity conversion therapy practices among sexual minority men in Canada, 2019–2020." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): e0252539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252539.
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Background “Conversion therapy” practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure. Methods Sexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019—February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP. Results 21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15–19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11–22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions. Interpretation CTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.
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Fish, Jessica N., Rodman E. Turpin, Natasha D. Williams, and Bradley O. Boekeloo. "Sexual Identity Differences in Access to and Satisfaction With Health Care: Findings From Nationally Representative Data." American Journal of Epidemiology 190, no. 7 (January 21, 2021): 1281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab012.
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Abstract Identification of barriers to adequate health care for sexual minority populations remains elusive given that they are complex and variable across sexual orientation subgroups (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual). To address these complexities, we used data from a US nationally representative sample of health-care consumers to assess sexual identity differences in health-care access and satisfaction. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 12 waves (2012–2018) of the biannual Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (n = 30,548) to assess sexual identity differences in 6 health-care access and 3 health-care satisfaction indicators. Despite parity in health insurance coverage, sexual minorities—with some variation across sexual minority subgroups and sex—reported more chronic health conditions alongside restricted health-care access and unmet health-care needs. Gay/lesbian women had the lowest prevalence of health-care utilization and higher prevalence rates of delaying needed health care and medical tests relative to heterosexual women. Gay/lesbian women and bisexual men were less likely than their heterosexual counterparts to be able to pay for needed health-care services. Sexual minorities also reported less satisfactory experiences with medical providers. Examining barriers to health care among sexual minorities is critical to eliminating health disparities that disproportionately burden this population.
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Busby, Karen. "LEAF and Pornography: Litigating on Equality and Sexual Representations." Canadian journal of law and society 9, no. 01 (1994): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100003550.
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AbstractIn February 1991, the Supreme Court of Canada released R. v. Butler, a decision which upheld Canada's Obscenity Law by recognizing a relationship between pornography and sex inequality. This paper outlines the arguments made by the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) as intervenors in Butler, reviews how this decision could be interpreted, and offers for discussion arguments on some of the issues not addressed in Butler. In particular, it examines how LEAF's position affects lesbians and gay men and how the Butler decision can be used to advance equality arguments for sexual minorities. Given that Canada Customs have continued to discriminate against lesbians and gay men by targeting materials for these communities, feminists and other equality seekers must participate in the debate on how Butler will be interpreted and enforced.
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Watson, Ryan J., Yousef M. Shahin, and Miriam R. Arbeit. "Hookup initiation and emotional outcomes differ across LGB young men and women." Sexualities 22, no. 5-6 (November 8, 2018): 932–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718774528.
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Research on hookups has grown to keep pace with new opportunities for initiations to engage in casual sex. However, most of the scholarship has been heteronormative, which is problematic because sexual minority (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer) individuals report unique experiences in relation to their sexual experiences and health. Through minority stress, positive youth development, and grounded theory of resiliency frameworks, we studied the initiation patterns and outcomes related to hooking up among sexual minorities. Interviews were conducted with 17 participants aged 18 to 25 ( Mage = 22) in British Columbia, Canada. We found that gay males most often used social media applications to initiate hookups; bisexual young women and lesbians were most likely to use social gatherings. Despite most scholarship focusing on risks associated with hooking up, we found that outcomes of LGB young adults were more positive than negative. By way of the minority stress and resiliency frameworks, we position hookups as potential coping mechanisms in response to sexual minority stress experiences. Stakeholders should be aware of the challenges associated with hooking up for sexual minorities.
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Denier, Nicole, and Sean Waite. "Sexual Orientation Wage Gaps across Local Labour Market Contexts: Evidence from Canada." Articles 72, no. 4 (January 11, 2018): 734–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043174ar.
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Summary Mounting evidence suggests that sexual orientation matters in the labour market. Research in Canada points to a wage hierarchy not only by gender, but also by sexual orientation, with heterosexual men out-earning gay men, lesbians, and heterosexual women. While previous work has considered how human capital characteristics, occupation and industry of employment, and family status factor into the creation of these earnings disparities, little research has examined how residential concentration in large metropolitan areas factors into the creation of sexual orientation pay gaps. Drawing on the 2006 Census of Canada, this study investigates how sexual orientation wage gaps vary across geographic areas in Canada, documenting earnings disparities across the metropolitan/non-metropolitan divide as well as for Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. We also evaluate whether the mechanisms contributing to wage gaps diverge across these contexts, focusing on how pay gaps differ across occupations, points in the earnings distribution, and sectors of employment. Our results show that pay gaps are highest in non-metropolitan Canada. The underlying components of wage gaps fluctuate across Canada, especially for gay men. Sexual orientation earnings penalties are reduced in public sector employment, even where private sector wage gaps are highest. These results suggest that local social and labour market contexts are associated with the earnings outcomes of sexual minorities.
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Kia, Hannah, Jenna MacKay, Lori E. Ross, and Margaret Robinson. "Poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) populations in Canada: an intersectional review of the literature." Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 21–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15687180682342.
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Despite the prominence of poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ2S+) in Canada, studies that centre the material conditions of these groups as sites of inquiry remain scant. Accordingly, in this paper we present an intersectional narrative review of the limited Canadian literature on LGBTQ2S+ poverty. We examine 39 studies, published between 2000 and 2018, that report Canadian data on poverty in LGBTQ2S+ youth, older adults, racial minorities and Indigenous groups. We highlight intersectional differences reflected across these axes of social location, and consider research, policy and practice implications of our analysis.
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Wood, Jessica, Christopher Quinn-Nilas, Alexander McKay, and Jocelyn Wentland. "Perceived impact of COVID-19 on sexual health and access to sexual health services among university students in Canada." Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2021-0038.
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We examined the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual health, sexual behaviour, well-being, and access to sexual health services among university students in Canada. Between December 2020 and January 2021, 1504 university students across Canada completed an online survey focused on overall sexual health, well-being, solitary sexual behaviours, partnered sexual interactions, and access to sexual health services. The survey was designed by the Sex Information & Education Council of Canada and administered by the Leger polling company. Reported levels of overall sexual health were high. Cisgender women reported significantly greater scores of COVID-19—related stress compared to cisgender men; LGBQ+ students had higher levels of stress compared to heterosexual participants. Overall, solitary sexual behaviours (i.e., masturbation, porn use, vibrator use) remained unchanged or were perceived to increase compared to the time before the pandemic. Cisgender men reported higher scores (i.e., greater perceived increases) on masturbation and porn use than cisgender women. Frequency of sex with casual partners was perceived as similar or lower than what was usual before the pandemic, and most participants did not engage in sex where the close personal contact put them or their partner at risk for COVID-19. Declines in access were reported for all sexual health care services surveyed, with cisgender women and students of colour more likely to report decreased access to services. Results highlight the need for targeted public health messaging regarding sexual behaviour, investment in sexual health services, and supports tailored to the needs of women, LGBTQ+ individuals, and people of colour.
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Jeremiah, Rohan, Brian Taylor, Amparo Castillo, and Veronica Garcia. "A Qualitative Community Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Sexual Gender Minority Young Adults: Principles for Strategies to Motivate Action(s) for Realistic Tasks (SMART Thinking) Addressing HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 155798832096623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320966230.
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HIV/STI, substance use, and mental health issues disproportionately affect racial/ethnic sexual minority young adults. These health vulnerabilities intensify across the life course, most notably when young adults are independent college students. To identify the perspectives of racial/ethnic sexual gender minorities living on or near an urban university, we implemented an intersectionality-informed SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis, as a qualitative community assessment situated within in a campus-community setting. The community needs assessment was the first step in the strategic prevention framework (SPF) to co-locate substance abuse, mental health, viral hepatitis, and HIV prevention care services for Latinx and Black/African American sexual gender minority young adults at a minority-serving institution. The SWOT analysis identified principles for selecting, adapting, and implementing an evidence-based intervention. The significance of these principles demonstrates the value of intersectionality in evidence-based interventions to influence health education and behavior among racial/ethnic sexual gender minorities.
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Hersh, Nicholas. "Challenges to Assessing Same-Sex Relationships under Refugee Law in Canada." McGill Law Journal 60, no. 3 (August 18, 2015): 527–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032678ar.
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This article suggests that there are reasons to be concerned about the way relationship history impacts credibility assessments for refugee claims based on sexual orientation. Decision makers’ written assessments often reveal insufficient consideration of the psychosocial barriers that may impinge on sexual minority refugees’ ability to testify on their relationships. The multinational and multicultural setting of refugee-status proceedings poses unique challenges for sexual minority refugee claimants in having their membership in a particular social group established. Understanding and expressing sexual identity spans cultural divides, and therefore, a claimant’s expressed identity may not match the decision maker’s expectations. Notions of love and intimacy may also be culturally construed, and therefore expectations of how these notions manifest in long-term relationships may be inappropriate in the context of refugee status determination. This article emphasizes that implausibility findings concerning claimants’ relationships should be made cautiously. Decision makers should not assume that sexual minorities in countries in which homosexuality is stigmatized or criminalized are devoid of the volition to have same-sex partners. Nor should they assume that sexual minority refugees are necessarily willing to embrace same-sex relationships soon after arriving in Canada. Evaluating same-sex relationships according to the Cass Staged-Identity model can lead to persistent doubts about claimants’ credibility. In sum, this article attempts to canvass the potential pitfalls of Canadian adjudication methods in cases of sexual minority refugee claimants, and to propose recommendations for evaluating testimony and evidence of these relationships.
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Yamanis, Thespina J., Maria Cecilia Zea, Ana Karen Ramé Montiel, Suyanna L. Barker, Manuel J. Díaz-Ramirez, Kathleen R. Page, Omar Martinez, and Jayesh Rathod. "Immigration Legal Services as a Structural HIV Intervention for Latinx Sexual and Gender Minorities." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 21, no. 6 (November 21, 2018): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0838-y.
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Sivakumaran, Gajan, and Rachel Margolis. "Self-Rated Health by Sexual Orientation Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Canada." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 8 (May 22, 2019): 1747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz067.
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Abstract Objectives This article examines patterns of self-rated physical and mental health by sexual orientation among middle-aged and older adults in Canada, a rapidly growing subpopulation shown to be at risk of poor health. Method We use the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2015–2016) to estimate logit models predicting fair/poor self-rated physical and mental health by sexual orientation among middle-aged and older adults, stratifying by sex and age group. Results We find no differences in physical health for gay men and lesbian women compared with their heterosexual counterparts. However, middle-aged gay men are disadvantaged in terms of mental health, but not women. Bisexual women are disadvantaged in terms of physical health, and for mental health in some model specifications. Respondents who did not know their sexual orientation have poorer health across some measures of health and age groups. Discussion Our findings add to the paucity of research on older sexual minorities in Canada. They highlight the importance of separating out sexual minority groups because bisexual women have distinct health profiles. In addition, this is the first study to examine the health of respondents who “do not know” their sexual orientation, and future research should distinguish between different explanations for their poor health.
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Salma, Jordana, and Bukola Salami. "“We Are Like Any Other People, but We Don’t Cry Much Because Nobody Listens”: The Need to Strengthen Aging Policies and Service Provision for Minorities in Canada." Gerontologist 60, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz184.
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Abstract Background and Objectives This study explores the aging experiences and needs of immigrant Muslim communities in an urban center in Alberta, Canada. Over one million Muslims live in Canada, with the majority being immigrants and visible minorities. Aging-focused policies and services have yet to address the needs of this population as larger cohorts begin to enter older age. Research Design and Methods A community-based participatory research approach was adopted with a community advisory committee co-leading all aspects of the research process. Sixty-seven older adults and stakeholders from diverse ethnocultural immigrant Muslim communities participated in either individual interviews or one of the seven focus groups (2017–2018). Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed with a focus on factors that support or hinder positive aging experiences in this population. Results Participants not only described the benefits of growing old in Canada but also identified unique challenges stemming from their social positioning as religious minorities, immigrants, and older adults. We highlight these experiences in three themes: (a) aging while living across places, (b) negotiating access to aging-supportive resources in a time of scarcity, and (c) re-envisioning Islamic approaches to eldercare. Discussion and Implications Immigrant Muslim communities report inequities experienced by older community members. There is a need for an in-depth analysis of the ways aging and migration policies intersect to influence the resources that immigrant minorities have access to as they grow old in Canada.
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Espinosa da Silva, Cristina, Laramie R. Smith, Thomas L. Patterson, Shirley J. Semple, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Stephanie Nunes, Gudelia Rangel, and Heather A. Pines. "Stigma and Web-Based Sex Seeking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Tijuana, Mexico: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): e14803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14803.
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Background Stigma toward sexual and gender minorities is an important structural driver of HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) globally. Sex-seeking websites and apps are popular among MSM and TW. Interventions delivered via Web-based sex-seeking platforms may be particularly effective for engaging MSM and TW in HIV prevention and treatment services in settings with widespread stigma toward these vulnerable populations. Objective To assess the potential utility of this approach, the objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of Web-based sex seeking and examine the effect of factors that shape or are influenced by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities on Web-based sex seeking among MSM and TW in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods From 2015 to 2018, 529 MSM and 32 TW were recruited through venue-based and respondent-driven sampling. Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on Web-based sex seeking (past 4 months) and factors that shape or are influenced by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities (among MSM and TW: traditional machismo, internalized stigma related to same-sex sexual behavior or gender identity, and outness related to same-sex sexual behavior or gender identity; among MSM only: sexual orientation and history of discrimination related to same-sex sexual behavior). A total of 5 separate multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of each stigma measure on Web-based sex seeking. Results A total of 29.4% (165/561) of our sample reported seeking sex partners on the Web. Web-based sex seeking was negatively associated with greater endorsement of traditional machismo values (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.69) and greater levels of internalized stigma (AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99). Web-based sex seeking was positively associated with identifying as gay (AOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.33), greater outness (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), and a history of discrimination (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.08). Conclusions Web-based sex-seeking is relatively common among MSM and TW in Tijuana, suggesting that it may be feasible to leverage Web-based sex-seeking platforms to engage these vulnerable populations in HIV prevention and treatment services. However, HIV interventions delivered through Web-based sex-seeking platforms may have limited reach among those most affected by stigma toward sexual and gender minorities (ie, those who express greater endorsement of traditional machismo values, greater levels of internalized stigma, lesser outness, and nongay identification), given that within our sample they were least likely to seek sex on the Web.
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Wilson, Kevin, Audrey Steenbeek, Mark Asbridge, Amber Cragg, and Donald B. Langille. "Sexual health among female Aboriginal university students in the Maritime Provinces of Canada: risk behaviours and health services use." Sexual Health 13, no. 1 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15119.
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Background Young Aboriginal Canadian people are at increased risk of negative sexual health outcomes, including sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancy. Associations between Aboriginal ethnicity and sexual risk behaviours and related health services use among sexually active female university students in eastern Canada were examined. Methods: A secondary analysis of online survey data collected from sexually active female university students under age 30 years from eight post-secondary institutions in the Maritime Provinces of Canada was carried out (N = 5010). Students were asked about their ethnic backgrounds, health services use and sexual health behaviours. Logistic regressions were used to compare Aboriginal students to Caucasian students regarding their sexual health behaviours and services use. Results: In adjusted analyses, Aboriginal students were seen to be more likely to not have used a condom (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.34–4.18) or any form of effective contraception (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.75–5.31) at last intercourse. They also were more likely to report any lifetime testing for pregnancy (OR 5.81; 95% CI 3.07–10.99) and STIs (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.11–7.82). Aboriginal students accessed university health services as often as their Caucasian counterparts. Conclusions: Aboriginal women attending university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada engage in greater sexual risk taking than Caucasian women and report more related testing. Health services providers working with university students should be aware of these lower rates of barrier protection and use of contraception among Aboriginal women, and use healthcare visits as opportunities to engage these women in reducing their sexual risk taking.
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Jahangir, Yamin Tauseef, Elena Neiterman, Craig R. Janes, and Samantha B. Meyer. "Factors Influencing Sexual Health Service Use by South Asian Immigrant Men Living in Ontario, Canada: A Qualitative Study." Sexes 3, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes3020021.
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Introduction: South Asian communities comprise one of the fastest-growing populations in Canada, but there is a paucity of research on if and how immigrant men use sexual health services. Objectives: Our study aimed to understand factors influencing sexual health service use by South Asian immigrant men living in Ontario, Canada. Methods: An interpretive description (ID) research methodology was used, followed by Braun and Clarke’s thematic guidelines to collect and analyze data. Altogether, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and July 2021 with South Asian immigrant men between 20 and 45 years of age in Ontario. Results: We found that culture shaped the overall perception and use of sexual health services, while the perceived severity of sexual illness also affected the utilization of preventative care. Moreover, there are taboos about sexual health, and while sex positivity and sex negativity exist, sexual health information is shared with trusted sources. We also found South Asian men shared sexual health more openly by following a lifestyle that normalizes sexual health discussions rather than South Asian cultural norms. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the individual, structural and cultural determinants of health influencing sexual health service use to strengthen existing health communication strategies to improve service utilization for diverse communities in Canada.
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Salway, Travis, Olivier Ferlatte, Dionne Gesink, and Nathan J. Lachowsky. "Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 65, no. 7 (January 26, 2020): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743720902629.
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Objective: Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE), or “conversion therapy,” are pseudoscientific practices intended to suppress or deny sexual attraction to members of the same gender/sex. There are currently no data available to inform estimates of the prevalence of SOCE exposure in Canada. The objective of this study is therefore to describe the prevalence, social–demographic correlates, and health consequences of SOCE among Canadian sexual minority men. Methods: Sex Now 2011 to 2012 was a cross-sectional nonprobability survey of Canadian sexual minority men. Respondents were asked about lifetime SOCE exposure. We estimated prevalence of SOCE exposure by sociodemographic characteristics and examined psychosocial health outcomes among those exposed to SOCE. Results: Of N = 8,388 respondents, 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.2% to 4.1%) reported having ever been exposed to SOCE. Exposure to SOCE was higher among gay men (as compared with bisexual men), transgender respondents (as compared with cisgender respondents), those who were “out” about their sexuality (as compared with those who were not “out”), Indigenous men (as compared with White men), other racial minorities (as compared with White men), and those earning a personal income <$30,000 (as compared with those earning ≥$60,000 CAD). Exposure to SOCE was positively associated with loneliness, regular illicit drug use, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. Conclusions: SOCE exposure remains prevalent and associated with substantial psychosocial morbidity among sexual minority men in Canada. All levels of government in Canada should consider action to ban SOCE. SOCE survivors likely require intervention and support from the Canadian health-care system.
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de Moissac, Danielle, and Sarah Bowen. "Impact of Language Barriers on Quality of Care and Patient Safety for Official Language Minority Francophones in Canada." Journal of Patient Experience 6, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373518769008.
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Introduction: The risks to patient safety and quality of care faced by members of linguistic minority groups have been well-documented. However, little research has focused on the experience of official language minorities in Canada. Methods: This multiple method study (online and paper-based surveys combined with semi-structured individual interviews with patients and interpreters-health navigators) explored the experience of minority Francophones living in 4 Canadian provinces. Results: Patients and interpreters-navigators described experiences where language barriers contributed to poorer patient assessment, misdiagnosis and/or delayed treatment, incomplete understanding of patient condition and prescribed treatment, and impaired confidence in services received. Reliance on Google Translate and ad hoc, untrained interpreters are commonly reported, in spite of evidence highlighting the risks associated with such practice. Conclusion: Increased awareness that the risks of language barriers apply to official language minorities is essential.
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Craig, Elaine. "Capacity to Consent to Sexual Risk." New Criminal Law Review 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2014.17.1.103.
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In delineating the legal boundaries of capacity to consent to sexual touching, law makers and jurists must grapple with tensions between sexual liberty, morality, sexual minority equality interests, and public safety. Legal rules that stipulate that an individual cannot consent in advance to unconscious sexual activity, or that an individual under a certain age or with a particular intellectual capacity cannot consent to sexual touching have an impact on sexual liberty and should be justified. In this sense, defining legal capacity to consent to sex throws into relief the tensions between sexual liberty and the protection of sexual integrity. This is true across jurisdictions, regardless of the substantive definition of consent adopted by a particular legal system. This paper argues that establishing these limits based on normative assessments about specific sexual acts poses too great a threat to the liberty interests of women and sexual minorities. A better approach is to accept that in sex, as is probably true of all complex human interactions, an accurate application of the definitional turns on the particular. Context is everything. No sexual act, including one that objectifies, is inherently harmful. The paper offers an alternative approach by suggesting that laws defining capacity to consent should be justified on the basis of assessments of risk rather than moral assessments about sex. This stands to circumscribe law’s limits on sexual liberty in ways that are better for women and sexual minorities. What this approach does not resolve is the paradox presented by the reality that although sex is inherently contextual, criminal laws prohibiting violations of sexual integrity should not be applied contextually. The paper explores how a recent legal ruling in Canada denying the capacity to provide advance consent to unconscious sex reveals this paradox. The discussion concludes by asserting that the failure of law to exclude morally inculpable unconscious sex between ongoing sexual partners reveals the limits of law and in doing so suggests the need to reevaluate the law’s conception of the relationship between sexual liberty and sexual integrity.
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Arguello, Juan Carlos. "Developing policies for adult sexual minorities with mental health needs in secured settings." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 5 (February 13, 2020): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001755.
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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) people are more likely to be disproportionally placed in a secured setting such jails, prisons, and forensic hospitals. These settings can be traumatizing, hostile, and dangerous—especially for those who are suffering from mental illness. Administrators are encouraged to develop institutional policies that undoubtedly include that LGBT residents should be free of discrimination, victimization, and abuse. LGBT residents should have equal access to safe housing, vocational programs, rehabilitation services, as well as medical and mental health treatments. Several organizations provide guidelines to ensure that LGBT residents are protected. This article provides a general roadmap for developing LGBT policies in secured settings synergizing the recommendations of some of these organizations with emphasis on policy guidelines for transgender people that are not only standards for good care but also very cost-effective interventions that can help reduce symptoms of mental illness for this population.
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Dispenza, Franco, and Tameeka Hunter. "Reported Use of and Satisfaction With Vocational Rehabilitation Services Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 29, no. 4 (2015): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.29.4.421.
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Purpose:Reported use of and satisfaction rates of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services among a small sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living with various chronic illness and disability (CID) conditions in the United States were explored.Method:Data were pulled from a larger data set that was collected via the Internet. A quantitative research design using descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Results:Sexual minorities living with various CID conditions are presenting to VR for vocational services. Sexual minority women- and bisexual-identified persons were more likely to report dissatisfaction with VR services than gay men.Conclusions:LGBT persons are experiencing an array of CID conditions and using VR services. More consideration of LGBT issues in rehabilitation counseling is necessary.
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Rosendale, Nicole, Tasha Ostendorf, David A. Evans, Allison Weathers, Jason J. Sico, Julie Randall, and Holly E. Hinson. "American Academy of Neurology members' preparedness to treat sexual and gender minorities." Neurology 93, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007829.
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ObjectiveTo measure the attitudes and knowledge of American Academy of Neurology (AAN) member neurologists in caring for sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients (e.g., those who identify in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning [LGBTQ+] spectrum) to inform future educational offerings.MethodsA questionnaire was created in an iterative process by the LGBTQ+ Survey Task Force, consisting of 21 questions examining self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and clinical preparedness in caring for SGM patients. Participants responded to each statement with a 5-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”). The survey was distributed via electronic and conventional mail to a random, representative sample of 1,000 AAN members.ResultsThe response rate was 13.5% (n = 135). Most respondents (60%–66%) were aware of local and national barriers that inhibit SGM individuals from using health care services; the majority (73%–91%) felt comfortable assessing SGM patients. Over half believed sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI) to be social determinants of health (61% and 57%, respectively). Yet a third would not tailor neurologic care based on a patient's SGM identity, and 43% believed that SO/GI has no bearing on the management of neurologic illness.ConclusionsMost neurologists surveyed were aware of overarching barriers to care experienced by SGM individuals; however, a minority of respondents recognized the intersection of SGM identity with neurologic health. Our results highlight awareness gaps that could be addressed via targeted educational opportunities, ensuring that neurologists provide high-quality neurologic care to patients of all sexual orientations and gender identities.
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Stinchcombe, A., and K. Wilson. "THE MENTAL HEALTH OF AGING SEXUAL MINORITIES IN CANADA: FINDINGS FROM THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA)." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2476.
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Wathen, C. Nadine, Jennifer C. D. MacGregor, Masako Tanaka, and Barbara J. MacQuarrie. "The impact of intimate partner violence on the health and work of gender and sexual minorities in Canada." International Journal of Public Health 63, no. 8 (June 4, 2018): 945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1127-1.
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Urbanoski, Karen, Dakota Inglis, and Scott Veldhuizen. "Service Use and Unmet Needs for Substance Use and Mental Disorders in Canada." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 62, no. 8 (June 15, 2017): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717714467.
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Objective: To investigate patterns and predictors of help seeking and met/unmet needs for mental health care in a national population health survey. Method: Participants were respondents to the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey on Mental Health (CCHS-MH; n = 25,133). We used regression to identify the diagnostic and sociodemographic predictors of the use of informal supports, primary care, and specialist care, as well as perceived unmet needs. Results: Eleven percent of Canadians reported using professionally led services for mental health or substance use in 2012, while another 9% received informal supports. Two-thirds of people with substance use disorders did not receive any care, and among those who did, informal supports were most common. Seventy-four percent of people with mood/anxiety disorders and 88% of those with co-occurring disorders did access services, most commonly specialist mental health care. Men, older people, members of ethnocultural minorities, those not born in Canada, those with lower education, and those with higher incomes were less likely to receive care. Unmet needs were higher among people with substance use disorders. Conclusions: Gaps in services continue to exist for some potentially vulnerable population subgroups. Policy and practice solutions are needed to address these unmet needs. In particular, the convergence of research pointing to gaps in the availability and accessibility of high-quality services for substance use in Canada demands attention.
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Loza, Oralia, Carlos R. Alvarez, and David Peralta-Torres. "Healthcare and Social Services Providers Who Serve Sexual and Gender Minorities in a U.S.-Mexico Border City." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 20, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 1537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0688-7.
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Matthen, Premala, Tara Lyons, Matthew Taylor, James Jennex, Solanna Anderson, Jody Jollimore, and Kate Shannon. "“I Walked into the Industry for Survival and Came Out of a Closet”." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 4 (September 13, 2016): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x16664951.
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Background/Objectives: This article seeks to examine how gender and sexual identities shape sex work experiences among men, two spirit, and/or trans people in Vancouver. Methods: In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with men and trans people in Metro Vancouver from Community Health Assessment of Men Who Purchase and Sell Sex. An intersectional critical feminist perspective guided the thematic analysis of interview transcripts, and ATLAS.ti 7 was used to manage data analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from the data: (1) the diversity of sexual and gender identities among sex workers and clients, (2) the expression and exploration of sexual and gender identities through sex work, and (3) the migration of sexual and gender minorities to urban centers to escape discrimination in their places of origin. Discussion: These findings complicate existing narratives of sex work, demonstrating the need for policies and services that reflect the diversity of sex work experiences.
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Woodhead, C., B. Gazard, M. Hotopf, Q. Rahman, K. A. Rimes, and S. L. Hatch. "Mental health among UK inner city non-heterosexuals: the role of risk factors, protective factors and place." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, no. 5 (August 12, 2015): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000645.
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Background.Sexual minorities experience excess psychological ill health globally, yet the UK data exploring reasons for poor mental health among sexual minorities is lacking. This study compares the prevalence of a measure of well-being, symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use among inner city non-heterosexual and heterosexual individuals. It is the first UK study which aims to quantify how much major, everyday and anticipated discrimination; lifetime and childhood trauma; and coping strategies for dealing with unfair treatment, predict excess mental ill health among non-heterosexuals. Further, inner city and national outcomes are compared.Methods.Self-report survey data came from the South East London Community Health study (N = 1052) and the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7403).Results.Adjustments for greater exposure to measured experiences of discrimination and lifetime and childhood trauma had a small to moderate impact on effect sizes for adverse health outcomes though in fully adjusted models, non-heterosexual orientation remained strongly associated with CMD, lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use. There was limited support for the hypothesis that measured coping strategies might mediate some of these associations. The inner city sample had poorer mental health overall compared with the national sample and the discrepancy was larger for non-heterosexuals than heterosexuals.Conclusions.Childhood and adult adversity substantially influence but do not account for sexual orientation-related mental health disparities. Longitudinal work taking a life course approach with more specific measures of discrimination and coping is required to further understand these associations. Sexual minorities should be considered as a priority in the design and delivery of health and social services.
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Clarke, A., J. Beenstock, J. N. Lukacs, L. Turner, and M. Limmer. "Major risk factors for sexual minority young people’s mental and physical health: findings from a county-wide school-based health needs assessment." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): e274-e282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy167.
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Abstract Background Childhood health is an important adult health predictor. Sexual orientation is increasingly recognized as influential on children and young people’s (CYP) mental and physical health. Methods Data came from a cross-sectional survey of year 9 children attending schools in two local authorities in the north-west of England, including mental and physical health indicators, and demographic characteristics including sexual orientation. The sample of 8058 represented 67.8% of the eligible population. Data were analysed by sexual orientation, sexual majority or sexual minority. Results Children reporting their sexual orientation as sexual minority reported worse mental and physical health outcomes and behaviours than sexual majority peers; had higher odds of being lonely (odds ratios (OR) = 8.24, 95% C.I.: 6.56–10.37), having self-harmed (OR = 7.28, 95% C.I.: 5.78–9.15), being bullied (OR = 4.76, 95% C.I.: 3.74–6.05) or perceiving themselves as overweight (OR = 2.40, 95% C.I.: 1.89–3.06). Conclusions It is important to identify and support children in a sexual minority. Research is required to understand differences between children within sexual minorities and the impact on outcomes and rights. Health and social policy and services, should respond to the vulnerabilities of sexual minority CYP.
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Adebajo, Sylvia B., Rebecca G. Nowak, Ruxton Adebiyi, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Charles Ekeh, Habib O. Ramadhani, Charlotte A. Gaydos, et al. "Prevalence and factors associated with anogenital warts among sexual and gender minorities attending a trusted community health center in Lagos, Nigeria." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): e0001215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001215.
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Anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus are common in sexual and gender minorities (SGM). The prevalence of, and factors associated with warts were described for SGM with a high burden of HIV in Nigeria. Individuals who reported anal sex with men were enrolled in the TRUST/RV368 cohort. Participants completed an interviewer-led survey, provided biological samples, and had a physical examination. Specific to the Lagos site, clinic staff offered standardized warts treatment services. RDS-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with anogenital warts. Of 672 enrolled SGM, 478 (71%) engaged in warts services and had complete data. The median age (interquartile range) was 22 (20–26) years, 272 (52%) initiated sex before age 18, and 347 (79%) were cisgender men. Multiple male sexual partners in the previous year were reported by 448 (90%) of the participants, and 342 (66%) were living with HIV. Warts were diagnosed in 252 (54%), including anal warts in 234 (43%) and penile warts in 44 (8%); 26 (5%) had both anal and penile warts. Factors independently associated with warts included HIV (AOR:2.97; CI:1.44–6.14), engaging in receptive anal sex (AOR:3.49; CI:1.25–9.75), having multiple male sexual partners (AOR:7.26; CI:2.11–24.87), age at sexual debut (AOR:0.53; CI:0.28–0.98), and non-binary gender identity (AOR:0.20; CI:0.05–0.71). Warts were common among SGM in Nigeria, particularly those living with HIV. Administration of HPV vaccination before sexual debut or as a catch-up vaccination may prevent HPV-associated complications.
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Miskolci, Richard, Marcos Claudio Signorelli, Daniel Canavese, Flavia do Bonsucesso Teixeira, Mauricio Polidoro, Rodrigo Otavio Moretti-Pires, Martha Helena Teixeira de Souza, and Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira. "Health challenges in the LGBTI+ population in Brazil: a scenario analysis through the triangulation of methods." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 10 (October 2022): 3815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222710.06602022en.
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Abstract This article aims to reflect on the current health challenges of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTI+) within the Brazilian scenario. This study adopted a triangulation approach, based on two studies developed in the Southeast and South of Brazil, which included policy analysis and qualitative research on the perceptions of key actors from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) - LGBTI+ users, workers, and managers. All data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The main problems faced by the LGBTI+ population were registered, indicating some of the necessary progress. Some of these challenges include: access of the LGBTI+ population to SUS; the need to train health professionals; the decentralization of health services sensitive to the LGBTI+ population; the distinct forms of violence and discrimination; the lack of research in health care conducted with specific groups, such as lesbians, bisexuals, intersex, and other sexual minorities. The results reinforce the urgency for the complete implementation of the “National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of LGBT”. The recognition of the LGBTI+ health needs will aid in achieving the principles which are the guiding principles of SUS.
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Blais, Martin, Fabio Cannas Aghedu, Florence Ashley, Mariia Samoilenko, Line Chamberland, and Isabel Côté. "Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression conversion exposure and their correlates among LGBTQI2+ persons in Québec, Canada." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): e0265580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265580.
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Background Despite greater acceptance of sexual and gender diversity and the scientific consensus that same-gender attraction, creative gender expression, and transness are not mental illnesses, LGBTQI2+ persons are still commonly told that they can or should change their sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression (SOGIE). The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of SOGIE conversion efforts, including their sociodemographic correlates, among LGBTQI2+ persons. Methods Using community-based sampling, we assessed SOGIE conversion attempts and involvement in conversion services of 3,261 LGBTQI2+ persons aged 18 years and older in Quebec, Canada. Results A quarter of respondents experienced SOGIE conversion attempts, and fewer than 5% were involved in conversion services. Over half of those who were involved in SOGIE conversion services consented to them, but the services’ goals were made clear and explicit to only 55% and 30% of those who engaged in SO and GIE conversion, respectively. The results also suggest that family plays a key role in SOGIE conversion attempts and services utilization, and that indigenous, intersex, transgender, non-binary, and asexual persons, people of colour, as well as individuals whose sexual orientation is not monosexual (i.e., bisexual, pansexual) were more likely to have been exposed to conversion attempts and involved in conversion services. Conclusions This study found that the prevalence of conversion efforts is substantial. Interventions to protect LGBTQI2+ people from such attempts should focus not only on legal bans, but also on supporting families who need to be counseled in accepting sexual and gender diversity. Health professionals need to be adequately trained in LGBTQI2+ affirmative approaches. Religious therapists should consult with colleagues and undergo supervision to ensure that their religious beliefs do not interfere with their practice.
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Morakinyo, Oluwatobiloba, Oliver Bucher, and Kristjan Paulson. "Access to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Canada for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Current Oncology 29, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 5198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080412.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is a complicated intervention only offered in specialized centers. Access to transplants may vary based on the location of primary residence, income levels, age, and reported race or ethnicity. Using data from the Canadian Institute of Health (CIH) Discharge abstract database (DAD), all non-Quebec Canadians under the age of 65 with a diagnosis of AML between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were produced for the variables of interest: time period, age, sex, rurality, transplant status, proportion of visible minorities, proportion identifying as indigenous, and proportion of low-income families. Transplant rates were compared and reported using univariable and multivariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, time period, province of residence, gender, and age were significantly associated with the receipt of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, differences in transplant rates observed in indigenous patients, low-income families, and visible minorities were not found to be statistically significant. In non-Quebec Canada, transplant rates vary significantly with province of residence, with the highest rates recorded in Alberta. Contrary to findings previously reported in studies exploring access to transplant in the United States, a low-income level was not associated with lower rates of transplants. This might suggest that Canada’s universal health care insurance program is protective against socioeconomic barriers that impact access to health care services.
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Smele, Sandra, Andrea Quinlan, and Curtis Fogel. "Sexual Assault Policing and Justice for People With Developmental Disabilities." Violence and Victims 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 818–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00041.
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The Services and Supports to Promote Social Inclusion of Persons With Developmental Disabilities Act that passed in 2008 was intended to improve services and supports for persons with developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada. This legislation introduced a new mandatory police reporting policy for any suspected abuse, including sexual assault. While heralded as a significant advancement, questions remain about the policy and the Canadian criminal justice system's capacity to effectively respond to abuse of people with developmental disabilities. Drawing on qualitative interview data with police investigators and Victim Crisis Services employees in Ontario, this article examines how police respond to these reports. The findings highlight the need for more clearly defined protocols and training on these types of sexual assault investigations and increased provision and coordination of appropriate support for victims/survivors with developmental disabilities.
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Liboro, Renato M. "Catholic Family Ties: Sustaining and Supporting HIV-Positive Canadian Gay Men’s Faith, Mental Health, and Wellbeing." Religions 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080391.
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Research has documented that sexual minorities and people living with HIV/AIDS have successfully used religious coping to help them overcome life challenges related to their sexual orientation and HIV status, including religious struggles surrounding their faith brought about by stigma and discrimination that have historically been promoted by organized religion. Research has also documented how sexual minorities and people living with HIV/AIDS have utilized family support as a vital resource for effectively coping with life challenges associated with homophobia, heterosexism, and HIV stigma, which have historically been perpetuated in certain family and faith dynamics. The aim of the community-engaged, qualitative study described in this article was to examine the synergistic effects of religious coping and family support, particularly in the context of Catholic family ties, as a unified mechanism for supporting HIV-positive gay men in the face of religious struggles and other life challenges. Confidential, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine HIV-positive, gay men from the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada, to obtain their perspectives on how and why their Catholic family ties have helped support them through their religious struggles and other life challenges. Utilizing a modified Grounded Theory approach, interview data were collected and analyzed until data saturation was achieved. The findings and lessons learned from the study’s analysis are discussed in this article, which elaborates on the unique synergy of religious coping and family support as interconnected mechanisms that could be of significant value for supporting HIV-positive gay men experiencing religious struggles and other life challenges.
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Marques, Olga, Amanda Couture-Carron, Tyler Frederick, and Hannah Scott. "The Role of Trust in Student Perceptions of University Sexual Assault Policies and Services." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 50, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v50i2.188687.
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Many post-secondary institutions are developing policies and programs aimed at improving responses to sexual assault experienced by students. In some areas, such as Ontario, Canada, the government has mandated post-secondary institutions to do so. However significant these initiatives, they are predicated on the assumption that students trust, and want to engage with, the university following sexual violence. This study explores students’ perceptions of sexual assault policies and services on one mid-size university campus focusing specifically on how trust factors into reporting sexual victimization and using services. Findings show that students believe that sexual assault policies and programs exist, but this does not meanstudents are willing to use such resources or that they even trust that their university has students’ needs and interests at the fore. This paper discusses policy and programmatic considerations for building student trust in their post-secondary institutions to encourage student use of campus support.
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Brown, Graham, William Leonard, Anthony Lyons, Jennifer Power, Dirk Sander, William McColl, Ronald Johnson, Cary James, Matthew Hodson, and Marina Carman. "Stigma, gay men and biomedical prevention: the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing HIV prevention landscape." Sexual Health 14, no. 1 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16052.
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Improvements in biomedical technologies, combined with changing social attitudes to sexual minorities, provide new opportunities for HIV prevention among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM). The potential of these new biomedical technologies (biotechnologies) to reduce HIV transmission and the impact of HIV among GMSM will depend, in part, on the degree to which they challenge prejudicial attitudes, practices and stigma directed against gay men and people living with HIV (PLHIV). At the structural level, stigma regarding gay men and HIV can influence the scale-up of new biotechnologies and negatively affect GMSM’s access to and use of these technologies. At the personal level, stigma can affect individual gay men’s sense of value and confidence as they negotiate serodiscordant relationships or access services. This paper argues that maximising the benefits of new biomedical technologies depends on reducing stigma directed at sexual minorities and people living with HIV and promoting positive social changes towards and within GMSM communities. HIV research, policy and programs will need to invest in: (1) responding to structural and institutional stigma; (2) health promotion and health services that recognise and work to address the impact of stigma on GMSM’s incorporation of new HIV prevention biotechnologies; (3) enhanced mobilisation and participation of GMSM and PLHIV in new approaches to HIV prevention; and (4) expanded approaches to research and evaluation in stigma reduction and its relationship with HIV prevention. The HIV response must become bolder in resourcing, designing and evaluating programs that interact with and influence stigma at multiple levels, including structural-level stigma.
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Kia, Hannah, Margaret Robinson, Jenna MacKay, and Lori E. Ross. "Poverty in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Two-Spirit, and Other Sexual and Gender Minority (LGBTQ2S+) Communities in Canada: Implications for Social Work Practice." Research on Social Work Practice 31, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731521996814.
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In this article, we draw on a recent review of the Canadian literature on poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ2S+) communities to conceptualize social work interventions that may be used to address material inequities among these groups. Our literature review, which was based on a total of 39 works, revealed distinctive expressions of poverty among younger and older LGBTQ2S+ groups, as well as racialized, newcomer, and Indigenous sexual and gender minorities. Drawing on these insights, together with theoretical frameworks grounded in intersectionality and relational poverty analysis, we conceptualize these expressions of material inequity as salient sites of social work practice and propose interventions targeting these manifestations of LGBTQ2S+ poverty at various levels. Given the centrality of anti-poverty work as part of the social work profession’s commitment to social justice, and the dearth of social work literature on LGBTQ2S+ poverty, this article promises to make significant contributions to social work scholarship and professional practice.
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Cavanaugh, Lindsay Sarah Marie. "Coming In/Out Together: Queer(ing) schools through stories of difference and vulnerability." Arbutus Review 7, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar71201615690.
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<p class="p1">Over the past few decades, Canada has implemented more equitable laws that delineate movement towards greater acceptance of gender and sexual minorities (e.g. Smith, 2008; Rayside, 2008). Despite these shifts, evidence suggests that public schools remain unsafe and non-affirming spaces for many people who identify as LGBTQ*. While efforts have been made to create safe(r) spaces for students who identify as LGBTQ*, primarily through anti-bullying policies, only a minority of Canadian schools have affirmatively recognized sexual and gender diversity in classroom learning. Some scholars assert that without accompanyingcurricular reform, anti-bullying work may promote a singular and dichotomized queer narrative: that to be LGBTQ* equates victimhood or resilience. This study — through a qualitative analysis of interviews with two English teachers, surveys from 30 Grade 10 students, and observations from a workshop with a Grade 10 class — explores the role of storytelling as a means for fostering queer-affirming spaces.</p>
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Yarwood, Vanessa, Francesco Checchi, Karen Lau, and Cathy Zimmerman. "LGBTQI + Migrants: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Health, Safety and Wellbeing during Migration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020869.
Full textAbstract:
The health and safety of LGBTQI+ migrants or migrants who are of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity or expression (SOGIE) remains an under-studied area, particularly for the period during transit from their place of origin to destination. This systematic review aims to describe the literature on the health risks and consequences among SOGIE migrants during transit and examine their access and use of services. Six peer-reviewed databases and websites of nine large migration organisations were searched to identify the literature on forced migrants and sexual and gender minorities. Twenty English-language studies from 2000–2021 were included and analysed drawing on a conceptual framework. Studies emerged from six regions and the majority of research participants identified as gay men. In general, quality appraisal demonstrated studies as either medium or high quality. Findings suggested five common themes associated with SOGIE health and well-being, including: daily exposure to discrimination, harassment and violence; coping, social support and resilience; access to services; mental health; and physical and sexual health. Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were prevalent amongst SOGIE migrants, particularly when associated with detention or camp environments, and were exacerbated by social isolation. Barriers to accessing healthcare were identified and specific sexual health services were often found lacking, especially for trans persons. Unsurprisingly, during transit, SOGIE migrants are very likely to experience the double marginalisation of their migrant or minority status and their gender identity. Results indicate that services for SOGIE migrants need to tailor service access and support approaches to respond to the particular health and protection needs of SOGIE individuals in each setting.