Dissertations / Theses: 'Sexual minorities – Counseling of'

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Boone, LaVerne Marie'. "Investigating Relationships Among Counselors' Gender, Race, Multicultural Competency When Counseling Sexual Minorities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4909.

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Gay and lesbian individuals are marginalized, stigmatized, and can face bias in the counseling environment. There is a gap in the literature regarding research on gender, race, and multicultural competency and negative racial attitudes towards sexual minorities. This study examined whether multicultural competency (measured by the Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale) moderates any associations of gender and race with attitudes towards sexual minorities (measured by Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale) to examine if the role of multicultural competency differs across groups. The sample consisted of 20 White and 14 Non-White participants who were between 30-40 years of age. All counselors were licensed with 3 or more years of experience who held at least a bachelor's degree up to a doctorate. The majority of the counselors who took the survey were mental health counselors, who saw over 20 patients per month. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations among counselors' race, gender, multicultural competency, and attitudes towards sexual minorities. The results of the study indicated that there were no significant effects amongst race, gender, and/or multicultural competency and counselor attitudes. Counselors, gay and lesbian community, and policy makers would benefit from this research. Positive change may result in counselors having a better understanding of diversity, providing a safer environment for sexual minorities, and policy makers can develop new laws. By sharing these results at professional conferences positive social change may result from a supportive environment for sexual minorities seeking counseling.

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Zazzarino, Anthony. "Experiences of Counselors Who Work With Sexual Minorities With a Serious Mental." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5596.

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Sexual minorities (SM) are at a greater risk for experiencing a serious mental illness (SMI) compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Furthermore, SM with a SMI continue to experience stigma and discrimination that leads to more negative outcomes and a greater need for counseling services. Current researchers have not adequately addressed the specific needs of SM with a SMI and how to prepare counselors to work with this population. Furthermore, most SM with a SMI find that counseling services are inadequate and do not meet their unique needs. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study, grounded in a Husserlian philosophical and Minority Stress Model conceptual framework, was to explore the experiences and perceptions of counselors who provide counseling services to SM with a SMI. Data was collected from six participants using a semistructured interview and followed a thematic data analysis process, ensuring thematic saturation. The results of this study highlighted many themes regarding the unique needs of SM with a SMI, such as their multiple minority stressors, negative counseling experiences, and the impact of family, as well as counselor's perception regarding the lack of preparation in graduate school to work with SM with a SMI. Study findings may improve counselors' understanding of the needs of SM with a SMI so they may provide more effective counseling services. Also, this study highlights the importance of training counselors to work with this population and may bolster the efforts of counselor educators.

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Dispenza, Franco. "Minority Stress and Life Role Saliency among Sexual Minorities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/66.

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This study explored the influence of minority stress on the career and life-space developmental trajectory (Super, 1990) with a sample of gay, bisexual, and queer men. Approximately 202 self-identifying sexual minority males were recruited across the United States via the internet. The study tested a model in which dyadic adjustment and career satisfaction mediated the relationship between three specific minority stressors (internalized homophobia, concealment motivation, and stigma sensitivity) and four specific life roles (partner, occupational, homemaker, and parental life roles). A measured variable path analysis (MVPA) was conducted with the following measures: the Internalized Homophobia Scale (Martin & Dean, 1987); Stigma Sensitivity Scale (Mohr & Kendra, 2011); Concealment Motivation Scale (Mohr & Kendra, 2011); Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984); Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, & Wormley, 1990); and the Life Role Salience Scales (Amatea, Cross, Clark, & Bobby, 1986). The data fit the proposed model well. Internalized homophobia and stigma sensitivity significantly contributed to dyadic adjustment, while dyadic adjustment significantly contributed to partner role saliency. Dyadic adjustment partially mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and partner role saliency, as internalized homophobia directly contributed to ratings of partner role saliency and parental role saliency. Dyadic adjustment fully mediated the relationship between stigma sensitivity and partner role saliency. None of the minority stressors significantly contributed to ratings of career satisfaction, nor did career satisfaction mediate the relationship between minority and the life role saliency measures. Implication for practitioners, recommendations for social justice, as well as limitation and directions for future research were provided.

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Hibma, Adam. "Growing in a Metal Cocoon| Religious and Sexual Identity Development for Sexual Minorities at Evangelical Institutions of Higher Education." Thesis, Roosevelt University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10932810.

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the unique sexual and religious identity development of sexual minorities who attend evangelical Christian institutions of higher education. Although research exists on sexual identity development and religious identity development, scant research exists as to how these developmental areas interact in sexual minorities who attend evangelical institutions of higher education. The research questions that were answered in this study included the following: How do sexual minority students at evangelical Christian institutions of higher education develop a sexual identity and make choices about sexual expression? How do sexual minority students at evangelical Christian institutions of higher education develop a religious identity? How do these two developmental areas interact in this population?

Four individuals who identified as sexual minorities were interviewed for this study. Interviews were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis to understand the lived experiences of the participants. The data analysis led to the following emergent themes: evangelical beliefs/narratives about homosexuality, new understanding of faith, current faith development, the closet, coded language, community, romantic relationships, current meaning of sexual identity, intersectional identities, evangelical college culture, vigilance, advocacy, and academic/artistic expression. These themes highlighted how inextricably linked are sexual and religious identity development in this population. Also highlighted were how the individuals resolved their identity conflict with great difficulty but also as empowered changed agents. Clinical and educational applications of the research were also discussed.

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Goettsche, Rebecca Shepard. "Lesbian, gay, and bisexual client experiences and therapeutic practice with sexual minorities| An interpretive phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3682372.

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Despite some indications that treatment experiences have been improving (Liddle, 1999), LGB clients still receive discriminatory treatment (Bieschke, Paul, & Blasko, 2007). Even clinicians who wish to offer affirmative therapy hold unconscious negative biases due to growing up within a heterosexist culture (Bieschke et al., 2007). Utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009), this qualitative study explored the therapeutic experiences of seven LGB individuals in order to inform competent treatment with this population. Participants provided accounts through semi-structured interviews, which were validated using participant review. Specifically, the research focused on cross-orientation dyads, although experiences in therapy with shared-orientation dyads were also examined.

The results of this study are presented within five domains. Self-Categorization contextualizes participant accounts by discussing chosen identity terminology, variations of visibility, and the impact of categorical conceptions of identity. Identifying Others, Identifying Allies notes ways in which participants identified the cultural competence of practitioners. Navigating Heterosexism discusses the pervasive influence of heterosexism on individual's expectations of therapeutic experiences. Additionally, participants reviewed situations wherein clinicians expressed judgment or lack of knowledge, which highlight how therapists can more effectively respond to cultural ruptures. Preferring Therapist Identities explores participants' therapeutic preferences and discusses benefits and challenges embedded within shared-orientation and cross-orientation therapeutic dyads. Finally, Understanding Therapeutic Practices identifies practices that support affirmative therapeutic work regardless of the clinician's sexual orientation. Underlying principles of competent cross-cultural therapy with LGB clients were proposed, which emphasize the importance of clinician self-reflection in order to provide nonjudgmental acceptance, discuss sexuality with ease, value different ways of approaching relationship, and decrease therapist defensiveness.

While this study found that several participants preferred sexual minority therapists, the results also suggest that there are significant benefits to working with culturally competent heterosexual clinicians. Participants described benefiting from the experience of acceptance from a member of the dominant culture, which provided a corrective experience to internalized heterosexism. These accounts indicate that, with training and self-reflection, heterosexual clinicians can provide uniquely supportive therapeutic experiences to LGB individuals. Recommendations are provided concerning cultural competent practice and ways to approach cultural misunderstanding.

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Bauder, Christina Rose. "“We are not Minorities, we have been Minoritized”: Exploring sexual violence and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Ohio youth with oppressed identities using the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618490257273101.

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Myler, Cory John. "Increasing psychological flexibility regarding interpersonal conflict between religious beliefs and attitudes towards sexual minorities: An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1742.

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This study was designed to test the clinical effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group intervention for individuals reporting distress related to conflict between sexual and religious identity. There were 24 participants in the study, 12 of whom took part in the therapy group, 12 of whom were in a comparison group and did not participate in the intervention. Outcome measures included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2 (AAQ-2), Components of Attitudes Towards Homosexuality (CAH), Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL), Dimensions of Latter-Day Saint Religiosity (DLDSR), and the Three-Factor Scale of Authoritarianism (3-FSA). Participants from both the intervention and the comparison groups completed an initial battery of these self-report measures and an additional follow-up battery, given after the intervention group had completed the six-session intervention and after a similar 6-week period had passed for the comparison group. Repeated-measure ANOVA of the collected data indicates that, relative to the comparison group, the intervention group showed statistically significant (p < .05) changes in symptom distress (partial &brkbar;Ç2 = .36), attitudes towards homosexuality (partial &brkbar;Ç2 = .461), and quality of life (partial &brkbar;Ç2 = .85). While preliminary, results of this study indicate that an ACT therapy group is an effective clinical intervention for individuals experiencing distress as a result of conflict between sexual and religious identity.

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Procter, Jonathan E. "Religious Fundamentalism, Empathy, and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gays Within the Therapeutic Relationship." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365024252.

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Ray, Amber N. "Non-Monosexuals' Perceived Attachment Systems in a Comparison Between Male and Female Partners: An Ex Post Facto Study." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596035111181892.

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Rummell, Christian L. "A Unique Support for Sexual-Minority Identity Development: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of a Long-Term Formal Mentoring Relationship Between an Adult and a Youth From the Gay Community." PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1487.

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An important need exists to build a baseline understanding of the phenomenon of formal mentoring relationships involving adults and youth from the gay community. During the formative years when gay adolescents navigate through the process of understanding, defining, accepting, and sharing their identity as a sexual minority, they are often faced with high levels of environmental risks, including victimization, stress, and negative social sanctions by others. Formal mentoring has been recommended as a potential strategy to offer unique one-to-one support to gay youth that can help to foster resilience and a range of positive outcomes, including strengthening processes involved in identity development; yet, no previous studies have captured insights about these relationships. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this study investigated the following research questions: (a) What are the most important characteristics of long-term formal mentoring relationships between gay adults and gay youth from the perspectives of the participants? (b) How, if at all, do mentors and mentees perceive potential benefits and limitations for gay youth participating in long-term formal mentoring relationships with gay adults? (c) How, if at all, do mentors and mentees perceive their mentoring relationship uniquely contributing to sexual-minority identity development in gay youth? After a 2-year search for participants, a purposeful sample of one mentoring dyad was chosen. Semi-structured in-person interviews were conducted with the match at the 17-month and 22-month mark of their relationship. This study contained four assertions based on this study's findings: (a) This long-term mentoring relationship between an adult and a youth from the gay community shared numerous similarities with other high quality mentoring relationships; (b) This mentoring relationship offered insight into how to create individualized and long-term support for sexual-minority identity development in youth; (c) This mentoring relationship represented an important but unrealized type of support that can potentially be used to complement existing peers, internet, and community-based resources for gay youth; and (d) Complexity continues to exist in using language and self-labeling to define, inquire, and provide support to individuals from the gay community--especially youth. Recommendations for programming, policy, and future research are provided.

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Sinegar, Samantha E. "Mindfulness, Cortisol, and Sexual Minorities: Investigation of the effects of Mindfulness on Diurnal Cortisol Patterns in Sexual Minorities." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1493380636330927.

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Dahl, Angie L. "Sexual and Religious Identity Development Among Adolescent and Emerging Adult Sexual Minorities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/995.

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As the majority of Americans identify with a religious affiliation, the religious context is an important backdrop upon which identity development occurs. For lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and allied (LGBTQA) youths, the process of development may be complicated in a religious context due to denominational positions on same-sex sexuality. While recent researchers highlighted the importance of contextual influences on LGBTQA developmental processes, few studies have examined LGBTQA sexual and religious identity development. The goal of the current study was to gain a better understanding and appreciation of LGBTQA adolescent and young adult experiences of religious and sexual identity development. Eight adolescents (15-18 years) and 11 emerging adults (19-24 years) who identified as both LGBTQA and having been raised in an active Christian religious tradition participated in the study. The study included three phases: face-to-face individual interviews, journal writings, and focus groups. In each phase of the study, participants were asked to reflect on their experiences of sexual and religious identity development across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (if applicable). Findings from the current study supported three broad themes and several subthemes. Early in their development, participants described a behavioral religious participation and early awareness of their same-sex attractions. The young adult participants also shared a tendency to deny their attractions. During their middle phase of experiences, participants often self-labeled as LGBTQA. Religiously, participants shared they questioned their beliefs yet continued their religious participation. A proportion of the participants indicated experiencing guilt, conflict, and mental health difficulties, which many participants related to their emerging sexual orientation and religious involvement. The late experiences, which often coincided with sharing a same-sex attracted label with friends and/or family members, was marked by a religious disengagement, social consequences, self-acceptance, and personal values clarification. Using the participants’ own words these findings are presented, along with possible implications and suggestions for future research.

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Beals, George R. "Climate for Sexual Minorities in Counselor Education Programs." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04082007-154257/.

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The counseling profession requires its professionals to be ethically aware, culturally aware, and personally aware. Counselor Education departments strive to create environments that foster multicultural interactions and environments that provide sufficient safety for persons to be self-expressive and self-reflective. Such environments support the personal growth required to be effective counselors and agents of change. The purpose of this research was to measure the climate for sexual minorities in Counselor Education programs. Using the Climate for Sexual Minorities in Counselor Education Programs Survey (CSMCEPS) to collect information from faculty and graduate students, this research attempted to describe the level of acceptance across Counselor Education programs in North America. In addition, this research looked for (a) differences in responses based on geographic regions; (b) differences between the perceptions of sexual minority individuals and heterosexual individuals; and, (c) differences between faculty members? perceptions of the climate and graduate students? perceptions. In general, the results of this study showed that the climate for sexual minorities in counselor education programs was positive. The stance of the counseling profession would dictate that the outcome should have been positive and, as mentioned previously, there is evidence that self-selection biased the sample. Given the professions ethical stance and the bias of the sample, the results should have been overwhelmingly supportive and affirming of sexual minorities and this was not the case. The data indicated that the environment could only be considered mildly accepting, but should not be considered affirming. To answer the research questions around differences in responses based on demographic data there were several ANOVA completed. There were differences found between student and faculty responses and between institutions that are not funded by religious affiliation and those that are. There were no significant differences found between respondents who identified as sexual minorities and those who identified as non-sexual minorities. There were no significant differences based on regional differences nor were there differences based on CACREP accreditation. The lack of differences may be indicative of sample bias.

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LaDuke, Sheri L., Sheri Chandler, and Stacey L. Williams. "Stigma, Psychosocial Resources, and Health Among Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8102.

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This study is aligned with the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM; 2011) recommendation for research to promote understanding of sexual minority health disparities. Specifically, the present study draws from two frameworks describing how stigma may manifest in negative health outcomes. First, Hatzenbueler’s (2009) model suggests mental health outcomes are influenced by group characteristics and stigma related stressors (e.g. prejudice, discrimination) that are mediated by psychological processes (e.g. coping strategies, cognitive processes) as well as group-specific processes (e.g. expectations of rejection, internalized stigma). Second, Frost’s (2011) model describes how stigma manifests as the experience of stigma (stress) as well as how intervening variables (e.g. coping strategies, meaning making) moderate health outcomes of stigma. Extending such work, this study adds to the literature explaining disparities among sexual minorities by examining multiple indicators of sexual stigma simultaneously, as they differently link to health outcomes of stress and self-reported health through psychosocial mechanisms of social support, self-compassion, and self-esteem. Moreover, this study will gauge if centrality of identity and level of “outness” plays a role in sexual minority health. Sample research questions addressed include: 1) Do different types of sexual stigma link with specific health outcomes and impaired psychosocial mechanisms? 2) Which psychosocial mechanisms are more strongly linked to health outcomes among sexual minorities? We collected data from 380 participants that self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual through an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examining sexual stigma, psychosocial resource mechanisms and health outcomes uncovered that public (p<.05) and self-stigma (p<.05) related to decreased social support, whereas discrimination (p.05) and self-stigma (p<.01) related to decreased self-compassion, and while discrimination (p<.01) and concealment (p<.05) related to decreased self-esteem. Moreover, discrimination related to both worse self-reported health (p<.05) and stress symptoms (p<.01). When psychosocial mechanisms were added sequentially to the model of health outcomes, results revealed that only decreased social support predicted worse self-reported health (p<.05). However, low levels of self-compassion (p<.001) and self-esteem (p<.001) predicted increased stress symptoms, contributing an additional 34% of explained variance in stress beyond stigma. Thus, findings revealed that differing types of sexual stigma matter for particular mechanisms that ultimately link to health outcomes, underscoring the strength in particular of sexually-based discrimination in health. Moreover, stress symptoms appeared particularly vulnerable with 53% of stress variance explained by sexual stigma, decreased resources, and identity factors such as centrality. This study also provided initial support for considering the resource of self-compassion as a mechanism in sexual minority health, which has not been examined previously in relation to sexual minorities, and which might be a target for intervention to improve health.

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Johnson, Nicole Gabbrielle. "Internet Sexual Imagery Influencing Sexual Attitudes in Young Adults." Thesis, Regent University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10193699.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to study group differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors between young adults who have had high exposure to sexual imagery on the internet when compared to those who have significantly lower exposure. This researcher utilized a correlational research design to obtain information on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of 111 young adults through questionnaires that measured exposure to Internet Sexual Imagery (ISI) along with high risk sexual behaviors, sexual compulsivity and sexual permissiveness. There was a significant relationship between exposure to sexual imagery, sexual compulsivity F(1, 98) = .28.27, MSE = .8.84, p < .01, partial η2= .22 and the permissiveness F (1, 98) = 5.6, MSE = 6.7, p = .02, partial η2= .54 while controlling for gender, race, religion and geographical location. There was not a significant relationship, however, between exposure to ISI and engagement in high risk sexual behaviors F(1, 92) = .2, MSE = 3.4, p = .67, partial η2 = .002. Gender, race, religion and geographical location did not have a significant effect in this study.

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Gardner, Timothy Joseph. "Queering polyamory configurations, public policy, and lived experiences /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://etdindividuals.dlib.vt.edu:9090/299/.

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Sanz, Elizabeth. "Exploring Stereotype Threat in the Workplace with Sexual Minorities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6350.

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Sexual minorities are the target of numerous negative stereotypes in the United States, and are sometimes perceived as deviant and devalued as compared to heterosexuals. Stereotype threat, the anxiety of confirming a negative stereotype about oneself or one's group, has been linked to perceived stress; and stress has been linked to low job satisfaction. Sexual minorities provide a unique test of stereotype threat theory because they may choose to conceal their minority status at work. Thus, this study also examines whether the visibility of the stigma is a necessary precursor to the experience of stereotype threat. Given the uniqueness of this population, a new and presumably more comprehensive model of stereotype threat (the Multi-Threat Framework) was also examined to ensure that stereotype threat was being adequately measured by examining every possible type of stereotype threat. Job satisfaction has been linked to many organizational outcomes such as poor performance, absenteeism, and turnover intentions; thus, it is important to examine predictors of low job satisfaction. Thus, the current study tested perceived stress as a mediator between stereotype threat and low job satisfaction in a sample of 150 sexual minorities who were employed full time. Internalized homophobia was predicted to moderate the relation between stereotype threat and perceived stress. Results indicated support for the moderated mediation model using only the traditional measure of stereotype threat; that is, stereotype threat predicted low job satisfaction through job stress. Moreover, at high levels of internalized homophobia, individuals reported high job stress, regardless of levels of experienced stereotype threat. However, those with low internalized homophobia reported high job stress only when stereotype threat was high. No differences were found with regards to degree of concealing, suggesting that the deleterious effects of high stereotype threat on job stress occurred regardless of whether participants were concealing. Additionally, the moderated mediation model was not supported when measured using the new Multi-Threat Framework, suggesting that the measure may not be measuring the same construct as the traditional measure. Finally, results suggest that stereotype threat added significant incremental validity in predicting job dissatisfaction over perceived discrimination. These findings, in total, suggest that stereotype threat is a valuable construct for predicting negative work outcomes for stigmatized individuals. Implications for improving the work lives of sexual minorities were discussed.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Industrial & Organizational Track

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Singh, Rajinder J. "Mindfulness and Acceptance for Sexual Minorities Experiencing Work Stress." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1540760926791461.

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Myler, Cory John. "Latter-day Saint Religiosity and Attitudes towards Sexual Minorities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/545.

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Existing research has revealed a robust relationship between high religiosity and negative attitudes towards sexual minorities. To date, however, there have been few studies investigating this relationship within the membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS Church). The unique history, doctrine, and organization of this religion, along with its large size, rapid growth, and sizable influence, indicate that a study of homophobia among church members will provide additional information about the relationship between religiosity and negative attitudes. These data will shed additional light on the make-up and nature of homophobia, offer insight into the relationship between religious and homophobic attitudes and behaviors, and better inform mental health professionals working with individuals identifying as members of the LDS Church, as members of a sexual minority, or as members of both groups. The following research includes the administration of a survey to college-age LDS church members gathering data regarding several dimensions of LDS religiosity, several dimensions of attitudes towards sexual minorities, and demographic data. Subsequent analysis of the gathered data has clarified the nature of the relationship between the measured dimensions of LDS religiosity and homophobia, specifically, that overall LDS religiosity correlates positively with negative attitudes towards sexual minorities, and that some individual dimensions of religiosity, particularly commitment to the LDS Church, are particularly predictive of negative attitudes.

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Phillips, Jennifer. "Sexual Minority Microaggressions| An Analysis and Exploration of Categorical Microaggressions Experienced by Sexual Minorities." Thesis, Union Institute and University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10266358.

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Building off of previous research, the study undertook to design a taxonomic classification: defining, codifying, and validating microaggressions experienced by sexual minorities. The resultant classification is intended to serve as a conceptual framework if utilized to effectuate an assessment tool assessing microaggressions against sexual minorities. Initial points of interest included an overview of complex historical shifts increasingly traversing the present zeitgeist, and additionally, theoretical justifications for the chosen methodological approach and subsequent suppositions. This served two purposes; the first availed the reader with a contextual narrative to help facilitate a conceptual overview of the target group(s), and additionally, orient readers to the theoretical underpinnings of this study, preserving the integrity and trustworthiness of the present research. Second, variegated extant research was reviewed and elucidated to explore and explain the covert and insidious phenomenon. Concurrently, research related to racial microaggressions was included due to the abundant and judicious literature, furthering one’s conceptualization of microaggressions as well as fortifying external validation among relevant sexual minority categories.

Heterogeneous literature and the deconstruction of sexual minority microaggressions were examined, interpreted, and presented. Attention to operational definitions—consistent or otherwise, implicit forms of communication, and sociocultural relationships and interactions, including any purported causal and risk factors were investigated. This study identified categorical constructs related to sexual minority microaggressions, tools for design of an assessment measure, and a methodological approach, served to validate and substantiate a future proposed measurement using additional studies were discussed and recommended.

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Williams, Stacey L., Abbey K. Mann, and Emma G. Fredrick. "Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12230.

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Sexual and gender minorities experience disparities in mental and physical health often attributed to structural discrimination through policies that do not promote equal rights and interpersonal–intrapersonal processes. Social issues research on stigma and intergroup relations can explicate the intervening processes that explain health. In this introduction to the special issue entitled Translating Stigma and Intergroup Relations Research to Explain and Reduce Sexual and Gender Minority Health Disparities, we call social issues researchers to focus their work on sexual and gender minority stigma and intergroup relations processes in order to understand and ultimately reduce health disparities.

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Fredrick, Emma G., and Stacey L. Williams. "Self-Compassion and Authenticity Mediating Stigma’s Impact for Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8063.

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Williams, Stacey L., Sheri Chandler, and Kathleen A. Klik. "A Paradox of Support Seeking and Response Among Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8100.

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Chandler, Sheri, and Stacey L. Williams. "Self-Compassion, Perceived Stigma, and Support Seeking Among Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8108.

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When dealing with issues related to their stigmatized identity, individuals may face a trade-off when deciding whether to seek social support directly. They may suffer short-term consequences in order to receive social support, or may avoid short-term consequences but suffer long-term consequences of decreased psychological well-being due to limited opportunities for social support (Kaiser & Miller, 2004; Swim & Thomas, 2006). Indeed, those who perceive stigma may avoid seeking support directly and seek social support in indirect ways (e.g., hinting, seeking support without disclosing) due to fear of rejection (Williams & Mickelson, 2008). Further, indirect support seeking is related to a lack of social support while direct support seeking is related to supportive network responses (Williams & Mickelson, 2008). The present study sought to examine one mechanism that might explain decisions to seek support directly versus indirectly. Overall, self-compassion is the extent that an individual exhibits self-kindness, recognition of a common humanity, and mindfulness. Previous research has linked self-compassion to increased well-being and positive psychological functioning (Neff, Rude, & Kirkpatrick, 2007; Neff, 2003). Thus, we hypothesized that higher levels of self-compassion would be positively related to direct support seeking and negatively related to fear of rejection, perceived stigma, and indirect support seeking. We collected data from 440 (59% female) sexual minorities through participation in an online survey. Bivariate correlations revealed that self-compassion was positively related to direct support seeking (r = .211; p < .01) and negatively related to fear of rejection (r = -.199; p < .01), perceived stigma (r = -.146; p < .05) and indirect support seeking (r = -.303; p < .001). Self-compassion may serve as a protective mechanism among sexual minorities by enhancing support exchanges.

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Burton, Christopher. "Self-Reported Health Among Sexual Minorities in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3931.

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Previous literature on LGBTQ+ people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other sexual minorities) reports that this community experiences greater health problems than heterosexuals. LGBTQ+ people experience higher rates of chronic conditions, STIs, addiction, poor mental health, and cancer, which highlights the importance of capturing data regarding health. A growing concern is that social surveys fail to find meaningful ways to gather gender and sexuality data to understand possible health disparities for LGBTQ+ people. This study uses data from the General Social Survey to examine the physical and mental health outcomes of LGB people compared to straight people in a nationally representative sample of Americans. An analysis of potential disparities in the self-reported health of straight and LGB respondents finds that respondents who identified as bisexual reported significantly lower levels of self-rated health and more problems with mental health compared to respondents who identified as gay, lesbian, or heterosexual.

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Fox, Chelise. "A Content Analysis of Sexuality-Related Scholarship for Sexual Minorities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9249.

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Sexual minority individuals face disparities of treatment from clinical and medical health professionals. In particular, there is a dearth of research and training surrounding human sexuality topics for sexual minorities. Research on sexual minority groups in this area can contribute to reducing treatment disparities. Consequently, the proposed study is a content analysis of social science literature in order to gauge trends in the amount of research focused on the intersection of sexual minorities and sex research. Articles from a database search of relevant keywords were coded for several variables, including overall level of focus on sexual minorities and on human sexuality topics, study sample composition, research funding sources, and whether the article offered any clinical implications. The study aims, with its results, to suggest possible directions for social science and sex research, in the hopes that future research will be better able to assist professionals in meeting the needs of an increasingly diverse population.

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McFarlane, David Alexander. "Counselor educator dialogues on preparation for LGB clients /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7638.

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Huamusse, Luis Edgar Francisco. "The right of sexual minorities under the African human rights system." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4577_1190370461.

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The protection of the rights of sexual minorities in Africa is a controversial issue. It is not unusual to find newspaper reports on gross violations suffered by this minority group. Gays and lesbians are victims of violence, sometimes resulting in death. Sexual minorities in Africa are often confronted with government actions such as those of the Nigerian government that recently submitted to the parliament a Bill to make provisions for the prohibition of relationships between persons of the same sex, celebration of marriage, registration of gay clubs and societies and publicity of same sex relationships. The objective of this study was to suggest possible legal protection and recognition of sexual minority rights under the African human rights system.

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Knauer-Turner, Elisabeth. "Sexual minorities' internalized homophobia, experience of heterosexism, and use of humor." Thesis, University of La Verne, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3662297.

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The purpose of the present study was to explore the associations between level of internalized homophobia, experiences of heterosexism, and gender with endorsement of type of humor (self-enhancing, affiliative, self-defeating, and aggressive) used as a coping skill among sexual minority participants. A survey was created and administered online, and participants were recruited by word of mouth, emails, and online postings on Facebook and craigslist. The sample consisted of 146 participants who identified as a sexual minority (i.e. Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual), with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years. Results indicated a positive direct correlation between participants' level of internalized homophobia and endorsement of self-defeating humor. Results also indicated a positive direct correlation between participants' experiences of heterosexism and endorsement of self-defeating humor. Results indicated no significant correlations among level of internalized homophobia, experiences of heterosexism, and endorsement of aggressive, affiliative, or self-enhancing humor types. In regard to gender and humor type, men in the sample endorsed greater levels of aggressive humor than women in the sample. Results indicated no significant difference between men and women for self-defeating humor. Future research should continue to explore sexual minorities' use of humor. Implications of the present study suggest that clinicians be alert to and explore consequences of utilizing self-defeating and aggressive humor, especially for sexual minorities with more experiences of heterosexism, higher levels of internalized homophobia, and men using aggressive humor. Additionally, adaptive coping skills, such as affiliative and self-enhancing humor, should be encouraged to promote well-being.

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Brodie, Ipeleng P. "Political parties and the protection of democratic rights of sexual minorities." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7839.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
The protection of sexual minorities’ civil rights and freedoms is paramount in a democratic state considering that these rights are infringed upon on a daily basis through violent crimes such as corrective rape, murder and physical assault. This study intends to establish whether sexual minorities’ democratic rights are being protected and whether political parties are facilitating this process, and if not, why not? In addition, this study will address the question: what is the role of political parties’ in a democratic state, and how do these roles enable the protection of civil rights, inclusivity, and equality? To answer these questions, I will engage in critical discourse analysis of key documents and speeches from the three largest political parties in South Africa: the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance (DA), and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).

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Williams, Stacey L., and Sheri Chandler. "Self-Compassion: A Protective Factor Against Perceived Stigma Among Sexual Minorities?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8107.

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Among sexual minorities, public stigma and discrimination are common experiences that can lead to self-stigma and the internalization of heterosexism. Szymansky, Kashubeck-West, and Meyer (2008) summarized previous literature, reporting that internalized heterosexism is correlated with stunted sexual identity formation, nondisclosure of sexual orientation, lower self-esteem, less social support, depression, and psychosocial distress. Importantly, it is not necessary to experience enacted stigma (i.e., discrimination) first-hand for it to have an impact on sexual minorities (Herek, 2007). All individuals, collectively, are aware of the stigmatized ways particular groups are treated, and this awareness become personally relevant once individuals hold the stigmatized identity (Link, 2001). Coping strategies and resources may therefore be of utmost importance to protecting the wellbeing of sexual minorities. This study examined self-compassion as one such resource that may serve to mitigate the negative effects of sexual stigma of the self, in particular the internalization of public stigma. Indeed, previous research suggests self-compassion may be an effective and healthy coping strategy (Allen and Leary, 2010), correlated with increased well-being, positive psychological functioning (Neff, 2003), happiness, optimism, positive affect, and wisdom, and decreased negative affect and neuroticism (Neff, Rude, & Kirkpatrick, 2007). Sexual minorities, by using mechanisms of self-compassion, may reduce the likelihood of endorsing stigma toward themselves and anticipating discrimination. Thus, we hypothesized that increased self-compassion would be linked with reduced self-stigma, internalized heterosexism, and anticipated discrimination. A large-scale and online survey of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals (n = 254; 59% female) revealed that as self-compassion increased, self-reports of self-stigma (r=-.27, p<.001), internalized heterosexism ( r=-.238; p <.001), and anticipated discrimination (r=-.14, p<.001) decreased. These findings and results of a self-compassion experimental induction study will be discussed to highlight self-compassion as a potential buffer against harmful realities of internalizing sexual minority stigma.

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Chan, Philip K. "MENTAL HEALTH AND SEXUAL MINORITIES IN THE OHIO ARMY NATIONAL GUARD." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1458924994.

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Glover, Jenna A. "Identity Development, Identity Disclosure, and Identity Exploration Among Adolescent Sexual Minorities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6244.

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This study investigated the utility of applying the social constructionist perspective to adolescent sexual minority identity development, disclosure, and identity explorations. Differences between middle and late adolescents and male and females were examined. No differences were found between middle and late adolescents on measures of identity development and identity exploration; however, differences in identity disclosure were found regarding history of accidental discovery of sexual orientation. Biological sex differences were found for identity development, disclosure, and exploration. Relationships between same- and opposite-sex attractions, behaviors, romantic experiences, and self-labels are presented. Trends in intentional disclosure patterns and unintentional discovery identify predicted reaction as a primary motivator in disclosure. Finally, different relationship styles in which sexual minorities engage are presented. Outcomes of relationship styles show better psychosocial outcomes for those engaging in different relationship styles compared to those who do not participate in relationships.

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Bonds, Stacy. "An Exploratory Mixed Method Study of Gender and Sexual Minority Health in Dallas: A Needs Assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248392/.

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Gender and sexual minorities (GSM) experience considerably worse health outcomes than heterosexual and cisgender people, yet no comprehensive understanding of GSM health exists due to a dearth of research. GSM leaders in Dallas expressed need for a community needs assessment of GSM health. In response to this call, the Center for Psychosocial Health Research conducted a needs assessment of gender and sexual minority health in Dallas (35 interviews, 6 focus groups). Competency was one area highlighted and shared across existing research. Thus, the current study explored how competency impacts gender and sexual minorities' experience of health care in Dallas. We utilized a consensual qualitative research approach to analyze competency-related contents. The meaning and implications of emerging core ideas were explored. These findings were also used to develop a survey instrument.

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Donald, Emily, and Rebecca J. Milner. "Understanding the Phenomenon of Technology Facilitated Sexual Violence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5974.

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One needs only to turn to the media for a short time to be reminded that sexual violence is an ongoing societal issue. Sexual violence continues to be prevalent, and along with the rising popularity of dating apps and the anonymity provided by the online environment, this provides an opportunity for unwanted and unsolicited sexual content to be shared. All counselors-in-training must be prepared to work with clients affected by technology facilitated sexual violence (TFSV), as well as advocate for systemic changes needed to address this growing issue. In particular, school counselors must be prepared to address safety issues with students, so that TFSV does not become normalized in their environment. Join us for a timely discussion of how to prepare students and supervisees to work with and advocate for clients affected by TFSV

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Abdo, Robert John. "A study of sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and religiosity of community college students." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618333.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the specific relationship which exists between selected sociodemographic characteristics and the religiosity of a group of incoming community college students and their sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors.;A sample of 204 community college students completed a survey aimed at assessing their sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and religiosity. The instrument was based on a number of previously printed surveys and its reliability was tested with a sample of 23 community college students.;The reliability study demonstrated conclusive evidence that this instrument is highly reliable. All items except two were reliable at the .01 level of significance. Those two remaining items were reliable at the .05 level.;In addition, factor analyses demonstrated that both the attitudes and behaviors sections of this instrument contain a high degree of construct validity. The validity of the religiosity scale had been established previously.;The survey demonstrated that this sample holds relatively liberal attitudes in the areas of petting, premarital sexual intercourse, oral-genital sex, sex education, and contraception. There were no responses which demonstrated a trend toward conservatism.;In the self-reported sexual behaviors segment, the majority of students reported that they had been engaging in a variety of heterosexual behaviors during the past 12 months. The percentages decreased as the solicited behaviors became more advanced, just as expected by the established hierarchy. Very few reported homosexual behaviors.;A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that there were major distinctions between male and female responses to five of the attitude questions and three of the behavior questions.;Stepwise multiple regressions showed that religiosity was highly correlated with both sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors, when selected sociodemographic variables were controlled. Total religiosity score was the strongest predictor of sexual attitudes and the only significant predictor of sexual behaviors in this sample.;Additional regressions and correlations were calculated to demonstrate the relative strength of other variables and to offer a more comprehensive view of the results.

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LoFrisco, Barbara. "Counselor Discomfort with Sexual Issues and Supervisory Role." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4823.

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ABSTRACT Sexual issues are common among the general population; therefore it is likely that clients suffer with them whether or not they are presenting issues. Because unresolved sexual issues may contribute to harm, counselors have an ethical obligation to ensure these issues are addressed during therapy. Yet, many fail to do so for a variety of reasons. Because clinical supervisors are in a unique position to nurture and mentor novice counselors, their influence is salient to this issue. Although some research has been done to address this issue, results are inconclusive and somewhat contradictory. This study attempts to fill in the missing data and to address some of the discrepancies by exploring how counselors perceive addressing sexual issues, identifying some of the influencing factors that allow this issue to persist, and exploring how clinical supervisors can be supportive. Sixty-three mental health professionals from the state of Florida participated in a survey where they were asked about both their experiences as clinicians and as interns under supervision. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and descriptive statistics, as well as chi-square test of independence were calculated. The degree to which counselors reported being very comfortable with addressing clients' sexual issues did not align with the reported frequency of initiation of the topic nor the reported levels of discomfort on specific sexual topics. Comfort levels related to discussing sexual issues were found to be positively associated with frequency of initiation, and in couples cases, female counselors raised the topic significantly more often than male counselors. Other findings are analyzed and discussed, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations for future study and implications for the field are included.

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Backe, Pam. "The Beatitudes in counseling those sexually abused." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0030.

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Villarreal, Cesar. "Health Disparities among Sexual Minorities: Trends of Health Care and Prevalence of Disease in LGB Individuals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248527/.

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The primary focus of the current study was to identify health disparities between sexual minority subgroups by examining differences of health indicators in lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals, and compare these to their heterosexual counterparts. Data was drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and variables examined in sexual minorities were related to health care access and utilization, risky health behaviors, and overall disease prevalence and outcomes. Findings suggest there are still some current health disparities in terms of insurance coverage, access to medical care, substance use, and prevalence of certain health conditions. However, a trend analysis conducted to examine three NHANES panels, suggests a mild improvement in some of these areas. Further findings, discussion, limitations of the study, current implications, and future directions are addressed.

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Koc, Yasin. "Identity threat and coping strategies among highly stigmatised sexual and ethnic minorities." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/75226/.

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Job, Sarah. "Identity-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention for Sexual Minorities: A Randomized Control Trial." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3891.

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Sexual minorities experience mental and physical health disparities in comparison to heterosexual individuals due to minority stress (Branstrom et al., 2016; Kerridge et al., 2017; Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions have improved mental and physical health (Antoine et al., 2018; Lambert D'raven et al., 2015), and therefore these interventions have potential to address health disparities. The current study tested an identity-specific intervention (n = 30) to a general positive psychology intervention (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) among sexual minorities. This built on a recent pilot study which tested the efficacy of an identity-specific intervention designed for sexual minorities and showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, I hypothesized that individuals in intervention conditions would have better mental health, physical health, and substance use outcomes than the control group. Additionally, outcomes of the identity-specific condition were compared to those of the general positive psychology intervention. Participants included 91 sexual minority adults that completed three surveys (baseline, one week after the intervention, one month follow-up) including outcomes measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, problematic drinking, problems associated with drug use, well-being, and self-rated health), potential covariates (anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, concealment) and manipulation checks (self-compassion, forgiveness, optimism, coping using humor, social support seeking). Fifty-three participants completed interventions featuring five intervention tasks eliciting self-compassion, optimism, forgiveness, humor, and social support seeking. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multilevel modeling. Compared to the control condition, results showed significantly greater improvements in well-being (b = .40, p = .013), self-rated health (b = -.42, p = .006), and problems associated with drug use (b = -.97, p = .004) among participants in the intervention conditions. No significant differences emerged for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or problematic drinking. Limitations include lack of power for analyses examining extended follow-up and comparing intervention types, as well as a number of history effects. Despite these limitations, the current study has potential to improve health outcomes and aid clinical practices. More research on positive psychology interventions with sexual minorities is needed.

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Vale, Michael T. "Daily Assessments of Minority Stress in a Lifespan Sample of Sexual Minorities." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1627313816755078.

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Harper, Leia. "EXPLORING THE ROLE OF INTERSECTIONALITY ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK IN SEXUAL MINORITIES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4611.

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Background: Previous research has shown that sexual minority individuals (SM) are twice as likely to smoke, twice as likely to be overweight or obese, and less likely to be physically active than heterosexual persons; all of which place SMs at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While information on CVD risk by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status is well documented, there is scant literature examining race, gender, and the potential CVD risk in SMs. The purpose of this study was to examine CVD risk in sexual minorities. Method: The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The Framingham multiple-risk assessment, which uses a calculation of age, smoking, BMI, and blood pressure, was used to predict vascular age and the risk of experiencing CVD event in the next 10 years. 54% of the sample was male, 62% white, and 4% identified as a SM. The sample was split into three groups: 1) 100% heterosexual (N=4363); 2) mostly heterosexual (N=509); and 3) SM (N=188). Results: There was a trend towards significance, p = .056, for mean differences in vascular age/actual age, for SM participants (M=10.07), compared to 100% heterosexual (M=9.1) and mostly heterosexual (M=8.66) participants. Mostly heterosexual participants were 1.62 times more likely, and SM participants were 1.97 times more likely to be current smokers when compared to 100% heterosexual participants. SM participants endorsed having significantly more drinks (M = 4.50) when compared to both 100% heterosexual (M = 3.80) and mostly heterosexual (M = 3.38) participants. SM participants were 1.7 times more likely to endorse having 5 or more drinks on one occasion. SM participants also reported significantly higher stress levels than the other two groups Conclusion: While the data for the current study did not provide sufficient evidence to suggest sexual orientation differences in Framingham risk scores, the findings remain noteworthy. SM showed increased risk in smoking and stress levels. Additionally, the Population-based longitudinal studies and surveillance data are essential and necessary in order to minimize disparities in risk factors and to reduce the likelihood of subsequent disease in SM population.

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Milner, Rebecca J., and E. J. Donald. "Technology Facilitated Sexual Violence: Cyberflashing on the Digital Playground." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2976.

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Fan, Lillian Patricia. "Re(media)l portrayals representations of sexuality and race in contemporary United States media /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Lippy, Caroline. "Violence Outside to Violence Within: The Experience of Sexual Minorities in Schools and Intimate Relationships." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/51/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 14, 2010) Julia Perilla, committee chair; Roger Bakeman, Gabriel Kuperminc, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-94).

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Chang, Betty. "Multicultural counseling training and competency and its impact on multicultural populations a critical analysis and review of relevant literature /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005changb.pdf.

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Harris, Eva Katherine. "Examining an Integrated Model of Suicide Risk among Rural and Nonrural Sexual Minorities." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1957.

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Approximately one million people die by suicide annually worldwide. Yet current suicide prediction and prevention tools are inadequate, and suicide rates are increasing in the United States. Certain populations are known to have especially high rates of suicide, including sexual minority and rural populations. However, little research has examined rural sexual minorities to see if risk may be compounded for this group. The research on sexual minority suicide has identified several factors that may be important mediators and moderators of suicide risk in this group. Specifically, victimization has been identified as a factor that may mediate the risk of suicide among sexual minorities. Additionally, evidence suggests depression may mediate the risk between victimization and suicide among sexual minorities. Finally, studies have demonstrated that social support may act as a protective factor against suicide risk. The current study examined an integrated model of suicide risk among sexual minorities across rural, suburban, and urban settings. The current study suggests that that rurality has an indirect effect on suicidal thoughts through victimization and, subsequently, through depression. The combination of rurality, victimization, and depression also predicts suicide attempts, but they do not exert their influence through the hypothesized path. Further, the models testing whether social support moderated the association between victimization and depression demonstrated poor model fit and could not be interpreted.

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Chaichanasakul, Adipat. "Examining multicultural counseling competencies among racial/ethnic minority and international psychological trainees." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5618.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Todd, Emerson A., Sarah A. MA Job, and Stacey L. PhD Williams. "Differences in the role of Anticipated Discrimination and Social Support in the Relationship with Depression for TGNC and non-TNGC sexual minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/82.

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Gender minorities and sexual minorities have been historically under researched in the field of psychology. This becomes more so the case when looking at the intersections of those who identify as both gender and sexual minorities. Prior research has indicated that minority stress models have been shown to be linked to disparities in mental health between sexual minorities and non-sexual minorities. This has also been shown to be true between gender minorities and cis gender individuals. Little research has ever been done to establish this model on those who fall within both minority groups and how these models may differ. The present study attempts to look at this intersection by comparing a mental health and minority stress model – comprised of anticipated discrimination, social support, and depression – for those identifying as a gender and sexual minority to those who identify as purely sexual minorities. In order to do this, participants (N = 315) were recruited from social media and were given a series of surveys. All participants identified as sexual minorities and 53% (n = 167) identified as Transgender or Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC). The cross-sectional, online quantitative study featured a battery of surveys that measured anticipated discrimination in both major and every day events, LGBT community connectedness, depression, and anxiety. A mediated moderated model and a series of t tests were performed to analyze the differences between sexual and gender minorities versus sexual minorities only. Results indicated that TGNC individuals had significantly higher levels of anticipated discrimination (M = 3.56, SD = .86 compared to M = 3.30, SD = .92), lower levels of social support (M = 4.66, SD = 1.26 compared to M = 5.20, SD = 1.24), and higher levels of depression (M = 31.81, SD = 12.97 compared to M = 25.32, SD = 12.80). Further, anticipated discrimination and fewer support resources explain the increase in depression for TGNC individuals (bootstrapped indirect effects = -.4111 SE = .1720 95%CI = -.8675, -.1634). Overall TGNC individuals showed to have worse experiences and outcomes than their gender conforming, cisgender peers. These results may suggest that future counselling methods for TGNC individuals could benefit by focusing on fostering social support through methods such as interpersonal psychotherapy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexual minorities – Counseling of'

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