Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual behaviour'
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McLaughlin, Sarah J. "Nurse Practitioners' Discussion Of Sexual Identity, Attraction And Behavior." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/443.
Full textZhao, Yue. "The association of sexual identity, attraction, and behavior with suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95210.
Full textL'orientation sexuelle est une construction mentale multidimensionnelle qui inclut l'identité sexuelle, l'attirance physique et le comportement sexuel. Cette thèse adopte la perspective multidimensionnelle et étudie l'orientation sexuelle chez un échantillon d'étudiants adolescents dans 14 écoles secondaires à Montréal, Québec. La thèse est divisée en deux manuscrits. La première étude examine l'orientation sexuelle et la suicidalité chez les jeunes. La deuxième étude examine les facteurs reliés à la concordance ou discordance de l'identité sexuelle, l'attirance physique et le comportement sexuel. Des étudiants étaient interrogés anonymement. Le questionnaire incluait des points qui évaluaient l'orientation sexuelle, les comportements de santé à risques, la suicidalité, les données démographiques et les attitudes sociales envers l'homosexualité. Les deux études ont utilisé des modèles de régression logistiques multiples. La première étude a trouvé que les jeunes avec une identité Gay-lesbienne-bisexuel(le)s (GLB) et « incertaines » étaient plus à risque pour la suicidalité comparer aux jeunes avec une identité, une attirance et un comportement hétérosexuel. Cependant, les jeunes qui ont mentionné avoir des attirances physiques ou des comportements sexuels avec le même sexe mais une identité hétérosexuelles n'étaient pas plus à risque. La deuxième étude a trouvé que, comparé aux étudiants avec une identité hétérosexuelle, les étudiants avec une identité GLB étaient plus vieux et plus porté à mentionné que l'attitude de leur école envers l'homosexualité était ridiculisé, accepté, ou apprécié au lieu de toléré ou ignoré. En tout, les résultats soulignent l'importance de l'environnement sociale pour la santé mentale et le développement de l'identité sexuelle chez les jeunes minorités sexuelles.
Corbley, Chad David. "Components of Sexual Orientation: Attractions, Behaviors, and Identity Labels." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218040353.
Full textKastbom, Åsa A. "Sexual behaviour, debut and identity among Swedish Schoolchildren." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neuro- och inflammationsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123029.
Full textBarns och ungdomars sexuella beteenden är ett område som engagerar både föräldrar och professionella men det är ett förhållandevis outforskat område. Kanske mycket på grund av att det är ett tabubelagt område och att finns en hel del metodologiska hinder och etiska betänkligheter vid sådan forskning. Ett sexualiserat beteende kan vara tecken på sexuella övergrepp och det är därför viktigt att beskriva vad som är vanligt förekommande och förväntade sexuella beteenden hos barn och unga tillika vilka beteenden som är ovanliga och som kanske behöver utredas vidare. En tidig sexuell debut (debut före 14 års ålder) kan ses som ett riskbeteende i sig men även ett beteende kopplat till andra riskbeteenden som alkoholkonsumtion eller antisociala beteenden. Att vänta med den sexuella debuten beskrivs ibland som något önskvärt men det är inte särskilt väl utforskat. Därför är det viktigt att ta reda på vilka konsekvenser en tidig eller sen sexuell debut får för individen och vilka andra beteenden som är kopplade till en tidig eller sen sexuell debut. Ett annat viktigt område när det gäller ungdomar och sexualitet är sexuell identitet och dess konsekvenser. Ungdomar med en sexuell identitet som homo-, bisexuell eller transperson (HBT) beskrivs i tidigare forskning ofta uppleva en lägre livskvalitet samt oftare ha erfarenhet av barnmisshandel än jämnåriga med heterosexual identitet. Studierna i denna avhandling hade fyra huvudsyften: 1), att undersöka sexuella beteenden hos barn i åldrarna 7 till 13 år 2,) att undersöka sambanden mellan en tidig sexuell debut (yngre än 14 år) och sociodemografi, sexuella erfarenheter, hälsa, erfarenhet av barnmisshandel och beteende vid 18 års ålder 3), sen sexuell debut (ingen frivillig erfarenhet av oral-, vaginaleller analsex vid 18 års ålder) och sociodemografi, sexuella erfarenheter, hälsa, erfarenhet av barnmisshandel och beteende vid 18 års ålder samt 4), att beskriva relationen mellan sexuell identitet och sociodemografi, sexuellt beteende, hälsa, erfarenheter av barnmisshandel och nuvarande beteenden hos svenska 18-åringar. Föräldrarna till 418 barn i åldern 7 till 13 år svarade på en enkät angående deras barns generella och sexuella beteenden. För att undersöka ungdomars sexuella beteenden, debut och identitet genomfördes en undersökning bland 3432 svenska gymnasieelever i 18-års ålder. Dessutom svarade 362 medlemmar i Svenska Förbundet för homosexuellas, bisexuellas och transpersoners rättigheter (RFSL), med en medelåder på 21.4 år, på samma enkät. Det visade sig att många sexuella beteenden bland 7 till 13-åringarna var vanligt förekommande och att de varierade i frekvens med ålder och kön. Problematiska eller oroväckande sexuella beteenden (som till exempel att kyssa vuxna med tungan, imitera samlag, onanera inför andra, röra andras könsorgan med munnen och så vidare) rapporterades inte av några föräldrar eller var mycket ovanliga. En tidig sexuell debut (yngre än 14 år) korrelerade positivt med högre antal sex partner, erfarenhet av oral- och analsex, rökning, drog- och alkoholanvändning och antisocialt beteende, såsom våldsbenägenhet, att ljuga, stjäla och sova borta utan att föräldrarna vet om det. Flickor med en tidig sexuell debut hade större erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp än flickor med senare debut. Pojkar med en tidig sexuell debut hade oftare en svag känsla av sammanhang, låg självkänsla, psykisk ohälsa, erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp, att sälja sex eller fysisk misshandel jämfört med pojkar med en senare debut. Knappt en fjärdedel (24,6%) av de 3380 ungdomarna hade inte haft frivillig sexuell debut (oral-, anal- eller vaginalsex) vid 18 års ålder. Ungdomar med sen sexuell debut hade oftare en pappa-barn relation som byggde på en hög grad av omsorg. De hade oftare föräldrar födda utanför Europa, låg sexuell lust, låg pornografikonsumtion, låg alkohol- och tobakskonsumtion, få antisociala beteenden och mer sällan erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp än 18-åringar som redan debuterat sexuellt. Ungdomarna med sexuell identitet som homo- eller bisexuella hade oftare en föräldra-barn relation som byggde på låg omsorg och hög kontroll än sina heterosexuella kamrater. De homo-och bisexuella ungdomarna använde också mer alkohol och droger jämfört med de heterosexuella ungdomarna. Multivariat analys visade ett positivt samband mellan homo- och bisexualitet och erfarenhet av analsex, sexuell lust, erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp, misshandel och erfarenhet att sälja sex. Det var mer än dubbelt så vanligt att ha erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp och fysisk misshandel hos de med en sexuell minoritets identitet. En av slutsatserna blev att översexualiserade eller problematiska sexuella beteenden är sällsynta hos barn i 7-13 års ålder. Det är viktig kunskap för professionella som arbetar med barn och som ofta får frågor kring barns olika beteenden och måste avgöra om det är förväntade och vanligt förekommande beteenden eller beteenden som ska leda till någon form av utredning, Om ett barn visar ett översexualiserat eller annorlunda sexuellt beteende ska det observeras och undersökas vidare av professionella med kunskap om barn och dess utveckling. Tidig sexuell debut verkar vara förknippad med andra problematiska beteenden under senare tonåren. Detta kan också tyda på att den tidiga debuten för vissa barn är associerat med en ökad sårbarhet, som också måste identifieras och tillgodoses av olika yrkeskategorier som arbetar med barn och ungdomar. Det finns olika anledningar till varför vissa ungdomar inte haft sexuell debut vid 18 års ålder. Faktorer som familjestabilitet och kulturell bakgrund spelade roll. Ungdomar med sen sexuell debut rapporterade färre antisociala handlingar, var mindre benägna att röka och dricka alkohol, hade mindre sexuell lust och mindre erfarenhet av sexuella övergrepp. Ytterligare studier behövs för att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan personlighetsdrag och sen sexuell debut. Ungdomar med en sexuell identitet som homo- eller bisexuell skulle kunna anses ha en lägre livskvalitet jämfört med heterosexuella kamrater men ytterligare studier måste göras för att ytterligare utforska möjliga orsaker. Det visade sig vara mycket vanligare med erfarenhet av såväl fysisk misshandel som sexuella övergrepp bland dessa ungdomar. Vuxna och framför allt professionella behöver bli mer medvetna om denna grupps sårbarhet, den ökade risken för erfarenhet av barnmisshandel och kunna erbjuda olika former av stöd.
Perry, Andrea. "Safer sexual behaviour among university students : relationship to sex role attitudes, assertiveness and communication, and power balance /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 2001.
Find full textRiley, Michael J. "Representations of sexual practice and identity in men's prisons since the 1950s in the UK and the US." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51420/.
Full textFurquim, Marcel Arruda [UNESP]. "As representações das masculinidades na Revista Playboy (Brasil): 1978-1981." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144711.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esse estudo abarca o período entre os anos de 1978-1981. Nesses anos no Brasil encontramos reflexos da revolução sexual, movimento que gerou profundas transformações na sexualidade e nas relações entre os gêneros, modificando os conceitos de “homem e mulher”. Dessa forma, a Revista Playboy em sua versão brasileira produziu em suas paginas discursos que teceram representações sobre a prática masculina, discursos que ressoaram diretamente no dispositivo da sexualidade. Criou uma norma, um modelo, um discurso-verdade sobre “qual” é a masculinidade perfeita. Essa dissertação visa contribuir para a escrita de uma história do homem, enquanto “ser” construído por seu meio cultural e sujeito de uma sexualidade construída e modelada.
The present study encompasses the period between the years of 1979-1981. During this time in Brazil, it was possible to verify the reflex of the Sexual Revolution, a movement that generated profound transformations in the sexuality and in the relationships between genders, modifying the concepts of “men and women”. Thus, the Brazilian issue of Playboy Magazine produced in its pages discourses that generated representations of the masculine practice, which reverberated directly in the mechanism of sexuality. Playboy Magazine established a norm, a guideline and a single truthful discourse about a particular ideal model of masculinity. This dissertation aims at contributing to the writing of a narrative of what it is to be a man, as a social construction by its social environment and subject of a constructed, modelled sexuality.
Furquim, Marcel Arruda. "As representações das masculinidades na Revista Playboy (Brasil) : 1978-1981 /." Assis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144711.
Full textResumo: Esse estudo abarca o período entre os anos de 1978-1981. Nesses anos no Brasil encontramos reflexos da revolução sexual, movimento que gerou profundas transformações na sexualidade e nas relações entre os gêneros, modificando os conceitos de “homem e mulher”. Dessa forma, a Revista Playboy em sua versão brasileira produziu em suas paginas discursos que teceram representações sobre a prática masculina, discursos que ressoaram diretamente no dispositivo da sexualidade. Criou uma norma, um modelo, um discurso-verdade sobre “qual” é a masculinidade perfeita. Essa dissertação visa contribuir para a escrita de uma história do homem, enquanto “ser” construído por seu meio cultural e sujeito de uma sexualidade construída e modelada.
Mestre
Pereira, Henrique Marques. "A homofobia internalizada e os comportamentos para a saúde numa amostra de homens homossexuais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/784.
Full textEste trabalho procura investigar o conceito de Homofobia Internalizada quer teoricamente, quer na prática, nomeadamente em relação à adopção de comportamentos para a saúde entre homens homossexuais. Pretendeu-se saber se existiam diferenças significativas na adopção desses comportamentos entre homens com maiores e menores níveis de homofobia internalizada e, se sim, de que maneira é que essas diferenças se manifestavam. Para tal, delineou-se uma investigação numa perspectiva comparativa recorrendo a um número significativo de participantes (n=304). Os questionários utilizados foram o Questionário de Avaliação da Homofobia Internalizada (também validado no presente estudo - α=0.74) e o Questionário de Comportamentos para a Saúde. Da investigação concluiu-se que existem diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos que se manifestam de maneira divergente, consoante se considerava a homofobia internalizada em função da dimensão interna da percepção do estigma (quanto maiores níveis de homofobia internalizada, maiores comportamentos para a Saúde na Dimensão - Comportamento Sexual de Risco); em função da dimensão externa da percepção do estigma (quanto maiores níveis de homofobia internalizada, menores comportamentos para a Saúde na Dimensão - Dieta e Hábitos Alimentares); ou ainda, em função da dimesão global (interna e externa) de percepção do estigma (quanto maiores níveis de homofobia internalizada, maiores comportamentos para a Saúde nas Dimensões: Dieta e Hábitos Alimentares, Problemas de Saúde e Cuidados Primários e Comportamento Sexual de Risco).
Stevenson, Irene Rosemary. "A 'forbidden zone' sexual attraction in psychotherapy." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4392.
Full textThesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.
Ramadhin, Rokshma. "Sexual cultures amongst young Indians in Chatsworth." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8819.
Full textThesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
Ngubane, Sibusiso Siphesihle. "African township high school boys' articulations of masculinity, sexuality and sexual risk in the age of HIV / AIDS." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9567.
Full textThesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
Bruneau, Kristiana. "'Yolo so party like a Swazi': youth and digital space." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21970.
Full textThere is a culture arising among young people in Swaziland that believes that to be young and Swazi is an ephemeral, temporary, and directionless existence, and having sex and ‘partying like a Swazi’ is desired, celebrated and the fashion. I illustrate that this construction is a reaction to the banal, routine and regulation of their social spaces. Furthermore, in addition to the spaces being limited in number, imbued within each are structures and routines that reproduce discourses that privilege performances surrounding their normative behaviour and development (including the development of their sexualities). As a result, Swazi society has excluded young people from being active agents in the very discourses that govern and inform their lives, status, agency and citizenship. Drawing from a phenomenological analysis of WhatsApp conversations combined with fieldwork in Swaziland, this dissertation explores the locality of digital space via WhatsApp in the landscape of the lives of Swazi young. The data illustrated that digital space is residual and resistive, as a reaction to the regulated and restricted spaces in their lives, in digital space young people enact performances of masculinity, secrecy and morality. As well as determined values systems and currencies around sex (and sexual status), vis a vis the exchange of social capital (nude and semi nude photos)- all of which are inherently self destructive. Lastly, in their resistance, Swazi young people are the local agents of their self-destruction
MT2017
Mthombeni, Nomaswazi Mandisa. ""Indoda" in the dawn of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a study of masculine ideals, behaviors and practices among black heterosexual men living with HIV." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23890.
Full textFollowing a qualitative approach and using diaries and the anthropological tool of ethnography, the study engaged black heterosexual men living with HIV to explore and describe their masculine ideals, values and behaviors in the dawn of the HIV epidemic. The findings revealed that the fabric that made “Indoda” varied and changed over time but to be Indoda , a man had to have one’s own family and consequently be the head of the family “Intloko yo Muzi”.Indoda was also detailed as someone who was “iQhawe”,a warrior who fought many battles of invulnerability and endured hardships. The findings suggested that although participants strove to attain these specifications, they were also restricted and burdened by them; especially those who were under varying degrees of pressure as a result of the different social, economic and political transitions that were taking place. HIV was seen as a threat to the constructions of hegemonic masculine ideals and thus exposed a budding crisis of masculinity that men in this context were confronted with. While HIV seemed to alter ones identity for some of the participants, other participants revealed that HIV did not change their lives in anyway. Among these participants, multiple relationships with ‘roll ons’; secrets and low condom use were rife. The other group of men who differentiated themselves from those who were HIV negative challenged the dominant notions of masculinities and reconstructed their masculinities in more positive ways. In this way, these men inhabited a subjective position of agency by taking control of their lives and accepting and driving their Z3. The study concluded that masculine norms behaviors and values are fluid and it is through continuously engaging in critical examination of the discourses that construct masculinity that new constructions of what it means to be a man can emerge.
MT 2018
Mungela, Mulungula. "Renegotiating masculinities in a transnational context : the use of sex-enhancing substances (dawa za nguvu ya mapenzi) amongst heterosexual men of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) living in Durban." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6468.
Full textThesis (M.A.)-Universtiy of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
Chadwick, Alistair K. "Constructions of masculinity and masculine identity positions within a group of male university students." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2159.
Full textThesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
James, Melanie Sandra. "Investigating and integrating animal behaviour in the conservation and management of an endangered amphibian." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1401338.
Full textThe Earth is experiencing a period of mass extinction due to human development and expansion (Wake & Vredenburg 2008). It has been estimated that 866 animal, plant, fungi and protist species have become extinct in recent history, and 25,821 species were declared either Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable in 2017 (IUCN 2017). Causal agents of population declines and biodiversity loss include climate change, land clearing, habitat modification and the introduction of exotic competitor or predator species (Vitousek et al. 1997) and disease (Skerratt et al. 2007) which affect species from global to local scales. The magnitude of species loss and threat of further extinctions has caused worldwide attention, instigating efforts to identify and conserve species at risk (Redford & Richter 1999). Species management programs typically aim to identify causal agents of decline, assess species requirements for survival and reproduction and understand population proce sses so that informed decisions can be made to reverse population declines. An important step in this process is gaining an understanding of the factors which affect species distribution (Guisan et al. 2013; Noss et al. 1997). Conservation programs often aim to understand an animal’s distribution by identifying what constitutes habitat. Factors commonly examined include abiotic and biotic attributes of the landscape including available shelter and food, as well as an animal’s interaction with heterospecifics (Campomizzi et al. 2008). In the instance that these factors or interactions correlate with species presence or abundance either positively or negatively, it is assumed that these factors are actively selected for or avoided (Batt 1992). However, additional behavioural factors can affect distribution, such as attraction to (Ahlering et al. 2010) or avoidance of conspecifics (same species) (Keren-Rotem et al. 2006; Stamps 1983), causing strong aggregations or segregation of animal distribution over a landscape, respectively. Despite the influence of these factors on distribution, conspecific attraction and avoidance are not commonly considered by conservation programs when attempting to understand, predict and alter species distributions (Campomizzi et al. 2008). As animals experiencing conspecific attraction or avoidance may deviate from the correlation model assumed by habitat selection, research programs aimed at assisting endangered species cannot afford to ignore conspecific interactions (Manly et al. 2009). A last resort for conservation initiatives is breeding animals in captivity, creating or restoring habitat and translocating animals back into populations that are experiencing population decline or have become locally extinct. Current research in conservation biology has focused on identifying and assessing animal behaviour which can limit the success of conservation initiatives such as; multi-spatial-level habitat selection (McGarigal et al. 2016), conspecific attraction (Campomizzi et al. 2008) and mate selection within captive breeding (Chargé et al. 2014a; Chargé et al. 2014b). As these factors influence species distribution and survival, they therefore affect the success of habitat construction programmes and the persistence of naturally occurring or translocated populations. Amphibians are a globally threatened taxon with 33 extinct species and 2,100 species declared either critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable (IUCN 2017). Factors causing amphibian decline include the human facilitated spread of chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) (Skerratt et al. 2007), global climate change, introduced species as well as habitat loss and modification (Brown et al. 2012; Stuart et al. 2004). Considerable research has been undertaken on causal agents of decline, along with understanding population processes and habitat requirements that affect the persistence of populations (Wake & Vredenburg 2008). Despite the fact that many amphibian species show signs of conspecific attraction and/or avoidance, the influence of conspecific interactions on spatial distribution and subsequent declines of amphibians is under-investigated. This current research project explores the potential for particular behaviours which may influence species distribution and the success of habitat creation and translocation programmes for the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). For the first research paper, I assessed conspecific call attraction in L. aurea. Over a landscape, animal distributions can be skewed as a result of conspecific attraction and aggregation. This can hinder habitat restoration and creation programmes as species may fail to colonise available habitat, despite its suitability. It has been noted from past research that L. aurea uses particular habitat and has distributional traits which suggest the presence of conspecific attraction, and using speakers playing calls can successfully attracted L. aurea at short distances, forming new aggregations (James et al. 2015: Attachment 1). In the first research chapter, I aimed to use speaker systems playing calls to manipulate the landscape distribution of L. aurea. I placed a stand with a speaker playing call broadcast in a treatment waterbody (T), a stand with no calls broadcasted as a manipulative control (MC) and no stand or speakers as a control (C). This design was replicated in five areas on Kooragang Island, Australia, and waterbodies were surveyed to measure changes in abundance and calling over two and a half breeding seasons. We found that speaker introduction did not increase abundance or calling at T relative to MC and C. We did, however, find that the length of time males called was longer at T, compared to MC and C. As the length of calling time may be extended using conspecific call broadcast , provision of conspecific stimulation at translocation sites may improve breeding activity and retention of the population post-release by reducing dispersal. For the second research chapter, I assessed habitat selection of L. aurea. The site selection of breeding individuals is a crucial component of a species habitat selection and can help to direct conservation programmes. However, very little is known about the microhabitat selection of calling male L. aurea. This study aimed to distinguish if male aggregations are associated with specific habitat features within a waterbody and describe their use of available habitat structures. Within waterbodies we compared calling locations relative to non-calling locations for water variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen), microclimate (temperature, humidity, average and maximum wind speed) and habitat (percentage coverage of water, ground, emergent vegetation and floating vegetation). Overall, males were associated with lower salinity and higher dissolved oxygen, higher percentage coverage of emergent vegetation and bare ground, and low percentage coverage of open water. Males were most commonly found in the water floating between or beside emergent vegetation or perched on emergent vegetation above water level. This suggests that males may select habitat to protect themselves from predators, or for breeding; providing appropriate vegetation, dissolved oxygen and salinity for embryo and tadpole development. This provides supportive information for previous studies on habitat selection, indicating what habitat is preferred by breeding males to improve monitoring, habitat creation and rehabilitation. For the third research chapter, I assess a habitat construction programme. Habitat creation programmes are often used to compensate for the loss of habitat for endangered species, with varying results. I describe an early stage wetland construction programme implemented for L. aurea on Ash Island, NSW Australia. Seven ephemeral (flooding) and two permanent waterbodies were constructed near an existing population. The wetland was designed to increase landscape aquatic habitat, based on adaptive management learnings from past research. In this study, I assess the initial use of this habitat by L. aurea, and initial findings on the design suitability. Surveys in constructed wetlands and in the broader Kooragang area showed that L. aurea rapidly colonised and called at constructed ephemeral wetlands but not permanent wetlands. The chorus size in constructed wetlands was large in comparison to other populations in coastal NSW, and a range of other frog species also bred onsite. Female L. aurea used a nearby remnant wetland (adjacent to the constructed wetlands), and used different habitat to males. Similar habitat use variation between sexes was reflected in the broader population. Most male and female L. aurea captured on Ash Island were under 12 months of age, and body condition in the constructed wetlands was higher than in the broader population. Waterbody design successfully protected waterbodies from overland flooding, and ephemeral waterbodies dried, which suggests the drying regime may protect the constructed habitat long-term from infestation of predatory fish. Elevated salinity from ground water in permanent waterbodies (intended to ameliorate chytrid disease in the landscape) was higher than anticipated and requires further monitoring. It is hoped that this programme may help guide other conservation projects creating habitat for amphibians under threat. For the fourth research paper, I assess sexual selection in L. aurea. As a conservation strategy for L. aurea, captive breeding programmes supplement at-risk populations and translocate individuals to their former ranges. However, breeding programmes are undertaken with very little information on sexual selection and its exclusion can reduce the fitness of released animals. The aim of the fourth study was to assess whether forms of sexual selection occur for L. aurea to inform captive breeding programmes. In the wild I studied mate selection. Firstly, we aimed to assess if the size and body condition of amplexing individuals (grasping to breed), differed from other individuals in the population as an indication of female sexual selection or male-male competition. Secondly, we investigated if male and female amplexing pairs were size correlated as an indicator of size assortative mating, and thirdly we made observations on behavioural interactions in the breeding waterbody to complement the analysis. In Whangarei, New Zealand, we captured L. aurea over 4 survey nights, undertaking capture-mark-recapture and measuring morphometrics of snout vent length (SVL), right tibia length (RTL) and weight, calculated body condition. We compared the SVL, RTL and weight of breeding individuals to non-breeding individuals and found that amplexing males were larger with better body condition, however, female size did not differ. Male-female pairs were not size assortative and aggressive interactions were recorded between males. Larger male size may be an indicator of either female selectivity or larger-male mating advantage through aggressive interactions. As removal of sexual selection in captive breeding programmes can reduce fitness and place conservation initiatives at risk, I recommend incorporating sexual selection by placing multiple males of varying sizes in breeding tanks with females to facilitate female selectivity or larger-male mating advantage. Based on the results of the current studies, I have identified possible constraints on the use of conspecific attraction for this species, and also recognised its potential use in translocations programmes to improve project outcomes. As a result of microhabitat assessment, habitat creation and management programmes can use specific parameters to design, maintain and monitor habitat for calling males. Assessment of a habitat construction project designed from previous research recommendations shows initial project success and provides information to refine future habitat construction programmes. Finally, assessment of sexual selection in L. aurea provides vital information to conservation programmes breeding animals for translocation to work toward improving the fitness of released individuals. Overall, the current study provides key aspects of L. aurea’s biology and ecology that have not been clearly addressed in the literature and aims to improve conservation efforts. In light of recent extinctions and increasing pressures on wildlife, continued research on key threatening processes and behavioural ecology is crucial to help guide conservation.
Koonin, Marla. "A re-communication conceptual framework: perceived influence of reality-altering events on organisational interaction behaviour." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26459.
Full textCommunication Science
D. Phil. (Communication)