Journal articles on the topic 'Sexual crime'
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Storchi, Alessandro. "Sexual Slavery as a War Crime: A Reform Proposal." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 42.2 (2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.42.2.sexual.
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For the first time in the history of international criminal law, the ICC Elements of Crimes included a statutory definition of sexual slavery as a war crime and as a crime against humanity. Such definition is derived from, and in fact almost identical to, the definition of enslavement in the same text. In July 2019, that language for the first time was adopted and applied in the conviction of general Bosco Ntaganda, the first ever conviction for sexual slavery as a war crime and as a crime against humanity at the ICC, as part of the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This note argues for a reform in the language of the crime of sexual slavery as present in the ICC Elements of Crimes. The present formulation of such crime fails to correctly provide an independent standing for sexual slavery: that is, it does not adequately characterize the sexual nature of the crime as opposed to the broader category of enslavement. The note will focus on the drafting history that led to the present language, as well as on the problems arising from the Ntaganda decision. The note highlights the theoretical and practical limits of the present formulation, and it will address the academic critiques the language already received. It will then provide for an alternative wording for the first element of the crime, a wording that is more reflective of the purpose arising from the negotiating history at Rome and that emphasizes the sexual nature of the offense.
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Jovašević, Dragan. "Minor - The Victim of Sexual Violence in Swedish, Austrian and Russian Law // Dete - žrtva seksualnog nasilja u švedskom, austrijskom i ruskom pravu." Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 7, no. 7 (July 27, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1707055j.
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Violent offences directed against sexual integrity of other persons are indisputably considered as the most dangerous forms and aspects of criminality. They are known as the offences against sexual integrity or “sexual offences”. Due to its significance, nature, characteristics and consequences, the crime of sexual violence, for which all contemporary legislations prescribe the most severe types and measures of punishment, particularly stands out among these criminal offences. All contemporary criminal legislations are familiar with various forms and aspects of the crime of sexual violence, depending on the division criteria. In these of offences are specially accenting crimes of sexual violences against minors The Convention for the Protection of Children against Sexsual Exploitation and Sexsual Abuse (2007) laid down the criminal law standards for the protection of minors. After the ratification of the Convention, these standards became part of domestic legal system. This paper discusses the term, characteristics, and elements of the crime of sexual violence in the cases when the attribute of minor as the element of their description in Swedish, Austrian and Russian law, from both – theoretical as well as practical aspect.
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Duggan, Conor. "Sexual crime." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 11, no. 6 (November 1998): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199811000-00012.
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Özaşçılar, Mine, and Neylan Ziyalar. "Unraveling the Determinants of Fear of Crime Among Men and Women in Istanbul: Examining the Impact of Perceived Risk and Fear of Sexual Assault." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 9 (October 29, 2015): 993–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15613334.
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Studies have examined university students’ fear of crime focusing on the relationship between the fear of sexual assault and fear of other crimes, termed the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis; however, no study to date has examined the shadow thesis in a Turkish context. Drawing on the shadow thesis, using a sample of 723 university students in Istanbul, this study focuses on the effect of fear of sexual assault and perceived risk of crime to general fear of crime among university students in Istanbul. Also, the predictors of fear of crime are explored to examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics, constrained behaviors, and fear. The findings of the study supported the shadow thesis, indicating that fear of sexual assault shaped the nonsexual crimes, especially crimes involving face-to-face confrontations between the victim and offender. Furthermore, lifestyle characteristics are correlated with the men’s fear of nonsexual crimes, particularly fear of robbery, aggravated assault, and burglary home.
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Kipane, Aldona. "Criminological characteristics of sexual violence." SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185101010.
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The aim of the current article is to analyse the criminological aspect of sexual violence. Nowadays sexual assault has become a major social issue in many contemporary cultures. Sexual violence is a complex interdisciplinary issue, which includes several aspects psychological, judicial, medical, and other aspects. Sexual crime is an urgent problem with a high level of latency, most part of such crimes are not reported in crime statistics. Particularly, sexual violence against children is a serious problem for Latvia and the world. At present, there is a sharp increase in such crimes as a human trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation; as well as the number of sexual crimes against boys is rising. Expansion of criminal activity in the cyberspace has also increased.
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Lisanawati, Go. "What can IT and Money Laundering Law do to Fight against Cyber Child Sexual Crime?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i2.844.
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This paper will assess on how technology and anti-money laundering law perspectives can contribute in tackling cyber child sexual crimes. It is normally and classically problem that always emerge in the discussion of law and information technology (IT) is about the increases of crime. But the abnormal and modern problem is about the modernism of crimes with the high-quality level of crime itself. Cyber sexual crime became one of the highest online crimes which conduct through internet. Grooming, voyeurism, cyberstalking, child pornography happens very often in the world. This paper is using normative research methodology of law, by using statute and conceptual approach. The conceptual approach is using to build an ideal concept of prevention and eradication of the crime of online child sexual abuse. This paper is discussed through a qualitative research. The result of this paper is that Information Technology gives contribution in order to present a way out to tackle this problem, for example by giving solution on its surveillance. Other is from the perspectives of law. Money Laundering can assist in tackling online sexual crime toward children, for perpetrator and/or facilitator and/or pther third party who enjoy the illegal gain of this crime.
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Dunbar, Edward. "Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Hate Crime Victimization: Identity Politics or Identity Risk?" Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.323.
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This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1,538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n = 551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n = 987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violence to the person and impact upon victim level of functioning. More violent forms of aggression were predictive of gay and lesbian victim’s underreportage to law enforcement. For sexual orientation offenses, victim gender and race/ethnicity differences were predictive of the base rates of crime reportage as well. These findings are considered in terms of a group-risk hypothesis, encountered by multiple outgroup persons, that influences help-seeking behavior and ingroup identity.
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Kim, Hyunjoong, Sooa Lee, and Jinyong Lee. "Built Environment and Crime in a South Korea Context." Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/civej.2022.9102.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of environmental criminology in the case of South Korea. Also, it explores more effective strategies from a spatial planning perspective by taking control of diverse spatial planning factors. The study area is South Korea, and the base year was 2016. The relationship between the built environment and three crimes (theft, violence, sexual assault) was analyzed using the spatial econometric model. As a result, the best spatial regression models for violent crime rate and sexual assault rate are SEM and SAC, respectively. The most prominent finding is that the regression results in the three crimes are slightly different. The broken windows effect was negligible for significant crimes in South Korea. The influence of regional disorders on the incidence of crimes was marginal. In the three crime types, mixed land use affected raising crime rates, which is a line with some previous studies that mixed land use increases the likelihood of crime incidences. Unlike a series of relevant works, brighter nighttime light has not effectively decreased crimes in South Korea. In South Korea, CCTV did not play a role in deterring crimes. Lastly, socio-economic characteristics were closely connected with crime rates in South Korea. Findings of theft rate, violent crime rate, and sexual assault rate confirm the reliability of environmental criminology. Although this study has examined the likelihood of applying environmental criminology, further researches and discussions are followed for concrete plans.
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Medytskyy, Ihor. "Consequences of sexual violence: criminological dimension." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-140-147.
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The article substantiates the need to activate criminological knowledge of the fundamental problem of the consequences of crime. The consequences of sexual violence, their parameters, levels of manifestation, the addressees of causation, the «price» and other points are of theoretical as well as practical interest. It is suggested that the material consequences of sexual violence be considered as various forms of causing physical violence, materialized in the consequences: death, violation of the anatomical integrity and physiological function of organs and tissues of the person; as well as economic losses related to the temporary or permanent withdrawal of a person from the sphere of social relations and the response of state or public institutions to a crime. Formulated author's definition of intangible consequences of crime as generated by crime for the individual, society, state of consequences of undeclared nature, forms of manifestation of which cause mental (moral) harm to individuals, as well as non-pecuniary damage to legal entities of the public and private society. At the individual level, the non-material consequences of sexual violence are post-traumatic and mental disorders of victims of crimes by individuals. On the basis of the provisions of criminological science, legal psychology, medicine, the material and intangible consequences of sexual violence were analyzed, taking into account the criminal statistics. It is emphasized that obtaining objective and up-to-date data on criminal practices of sexual violence in Ukraine is a paramount condition for the formation of an information base for the socio-legal assessment of the relevance of combating this type of crime. Despite the incompleteness and inconsistency of official statistics data, the high latency of detecting and fixing post-traumatic and mental disorders of sexually abused victims, the lack of effective algorithms for calculating their «price», collecting this criminologically relevant information, and facilitating the development of action.
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Choi, Jaeyong, Haneul Yim, and Daniel R. Lee. "An Examination of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Among Men and Women in South Korea." International Criminal Justice Review 30, no. 4 (September 6, 2019): 386–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567719873964.
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Using a South Korean sample from 2010 National Crime Victim Survey, the current research examined the gender differences of fear of four different types of crime testing the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which asserts that sexual assault operates as a master offense for females. The current study provides insight into the robustness of the shadow hypothesis by controlling for various covariates (e.g., perceptions of the neighborhood and crime-related media consumption) that have been often omitted in this line of literature. Results show that the largest difference in fear between males and females was the fear of sexual assault, and based on coefficient comparison tests, fear of sexual assault was a stronger predictor of fear of other crimes among males than among females. The current study calls for future research to disentangle the shadow of sexual hypothesis in different settings and to conduct more studies specifically on men’s fear of crime.
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Гришин, Алексей, Alexey Grishin, Александр Шахматов, and Alexander Shakhmatov. "Operational-search characteristics of the offender committing sexual crimes against minors and teenagers." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-2-199-207.
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this article deals with the issues of operational-search characteristics of the criminal personality, committing sexual crimes, types of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom, the qualification of the person committing sexual crimes, its psychological characteristics, as well as issues related to the study of the criminal personality, as one of the elements of operational-search characteristics of the investigation and disclosure of crimes against sexual integrity of minors and minors. Investigative and operational investigative practice includes the development of a psychological portrait of a person unknown to law enforcement agencies, but the perpetrator of the crime Studied several types of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of minors and minors, which include sexual depravity. The article States that the subject of rape can be a male person, but women can also become criminals in this area, not only acting as an organizer, instigator or accomplice, but also as a person who commits a sexual crime. The article provides recommendations for the development of a file, which should contain the most complete information about the perpetrators of sexual crimes, the external characteristics of persons in respect of whom sexual interest was expressed. The presence of such information will make the most effective work of law enforcement agencies in the operational investigation and disclosure of these crimes, will increase the efficiency in identifying persons who have committed sexual crimes, and most importantly prevent possible serial crimes.
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Teixeira, Eduardo Henrique, and Paulo Dalgalarrondo. "Crime, diagnóstico psiquiátrico e perfil da vítima: um estudo com a população de uma casa de custódia do estado de São Paulo." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 55, no. 3 (2006): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0047-20852006000300003.
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OBJETIVO: Estudar a população de uma casa de custódia quanto a aspectos criminais, diagnóstico clínico e perfil da vítima. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados os prontuários de 269 pacientes durante o ano de 2005. Considerou-se apenas a população do gênero masculino cujos casos já tinham laudo anexado ao prontuário psiquiátrico-criminal. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado predomínio de transtornos psicóticos (58%). O crime mais freqüente foi contra a vida (52,8%), sendo o grupo dos pacientes psicóticos o que teve maior associação com esse tipo de crime (p < 0,05). Desses crimes, 89,7% resultaram em morte e em 34,5% a vítima era um parente próximo. Os sujeitos com retardo mental cometeram proporcionalmente mais crimes sexuais quando comparados com os pacientes psicóticos e considerando somente crime sexual ou contra a vida (p < 0,05). Em 78,5% dos crimes sexuais as vítimas tinham idade inferior a 14 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A população estudada é semelhante às de outras instituições com o mesmo perfil. Os achados em relação às características das vítimas, tanto nos casos de homicídio pelos psicóticos como nos crimes sexuais dos sujeitos com retardo mental, indicam que aspectos da vítima têm papel importante no crime.
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Taborda, José G. V., and Camila A. Michalski-Jaeger. "Sexual disorders and crime." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 25, no. 5 (September 2012): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e328356b7d9.
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Mousavi, Seyedmohammad, Yousef Jafarzadi, Shamsollah Khatami, and Arash Babaei. "Sadistic Sexual Offenses in Criminal Cases of Iran and France." Asian Social Science 12, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n3p130.
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<p>Crimes, especially crimes of sexual violence is a problem in every society, in the midst of violent crimes, especially rape, beatings and even death for sex by the psychological impact on creating a sense of insecurity in society the dignity and respect most influential crime is. Sadistic crimes, including cases of sexual violence in the country's laws, particularly the law of France and Iran have been severely. Sexual harassment and sexual violence in France has a mild to severe penalties that depend on the type of crime and its dissemination. So that kind of punishment in relation to crimes of sexual violence are synthetic and financial penalties and even imprisonment is involved. The laws of the country also showed that sexual violence to it that French law has the details of the punishment, has not been raised, but sexual violence in the form of psychological violence by criminal penalties and imprisonment are required. The laws of the country, violence against women and children in two after payment of blood money or the lives of members and in case of immoral nature of the punishment of flogging and death will follow.</p>
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Oikya, Upal Aditya. "Wartime Sexual Acts as Prosecutable War Crimes." DÍKÉ 2020, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2020.04.02.08.
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Human history is littered with the mass rape of women particularly as a military strategy in warfare, dating back centuries from ancient Greek, Roman, and Hebrew concubines through the Middle Ages to the 20th century ‘comfort women’ of the 2nd World War. Ancient literature explicitly refers to rape or the seizure of vanquished women, who were regarded as the enemy’s property, to become wives, servants slaves, or concubines. The plight of women worsened in the twentieth century when civilian women suffered the most consequences of armed conflicts including rape. Rape served as an oppressive and humiliating tool to severe family identity to dominate, demoralize, and destroy the entire enemy society and way of life. In the past, there appeared to be no international law that specifically dealt with rape in armed conflicts. This was caused by the ambivalent relationship between the law of armed conflict and gender-based crimes. Rape was overlooked as an unfortunate yet inevitable by-product of war. Both international humanitarian and human rights laws did not initially recognize rape as a serious war crime and a fundamental breach of human rights. This deafening legal silence and gap are being addressed through an ongoing evolutionary process by criminalizing wartime predatory sexual acts as a war crime, crimes against humanity, and even genocide. However, with the developments of international law and its practice, for the first time in the history, mass rape and sexual enslavement in the time of war be regarded as ‘crimes against humanity’ in a landmark ruling from the Yugoslav War crime tribunal in the Hague on 22 February 2001. But, even before that, some prior legal instruments for example the Lieber Code, promulgated during the American Civil War regarded [wartime] rape as war crime with capital punishment. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the historical legal instruments have articulated the extend of criminality and culpability of wartime rapes and other sexual violence and their nexus with crimes of humanity, genocide, and war crimes within the corpus of international norms and criminal prohibitions as well as the historical development of wartime sexual acts as prosecutable war crimes.
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Wilcox, Pamela, Carol E. Jordan, and Adam J. Pritchard. "Fear of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape as a “Master Status”: Towards Refinement of the “Shadow of Sexual Assault”." Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.355.
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Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crime-specific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault by a stranger and fear of other stranger-perpetrated crimes. Findings have significant implications for how academic institutions should comprehensively address direct and indirect negative influences of violence against college women.
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Chopin, Julien, and Eric Beauregard. "Understanding the Sexual Victimization of Children by Juveniles: Identifying Criminal Event Patterns." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 63, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0016.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the crime-commission process involved in the sexual victimization of children perpetrated by juveniles. Specifically, this study aims to explore the interconnectedness of pre-crime, crime, and post-crime phases with victimological characteristics using a criminal event perspective. The sample used in this study consists of 185 cases of child sexual abuses perpetrated by juveniles. The first step of this study uses latent class analysis to explore the relationship between each step of the crime-commission process. As a second step, additional variables were used to test the external validity of our model. Results suggest that there are three different criminal event patterns: familiar sexually non-intrusive, familiar sexually intrusive, and stranger sexually non-intrusive. Moreover, we found that specific victimological characteristics were associated with each of the patterns. Practical implications in terms of situational crime prevention and victim assistance are discussed.
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Руденко, Александр Сергеевич, and Дамир Маратович Апкаев. "CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRISONER’S PERSONALITY IN CASES ABOUTF CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL SEXUAL INVIOLABILITY AND SEXUAL FREEDOM." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 5(46) (December 24, 2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.46.5.010.
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Личность преступника, совершившего преступление против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы, требует разработки рекомендаций с учетом особенностей личности с целью обеспечения эффективности осуществления мер по профилактике преступлений. Результаты этого исследования обосновывают выводы о необходимости сбора и систематизации знаний об осужденных, совершивших преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы. Изучены наиболее актуальные вопросы, дается их оценка, предлагаются рекомендации, которые могут потребоваться в правоохранительной практике. Раскрыта социально-демографическая характеристика лиц, совершивших преступление против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы. В статье рассматривается характеристика личности осужденного, совершившего преступление против половой неприкосновенности личности на основе анализа статистических данных Судебного департамента при Верховном суде РФ за 2018-2020 гг. В работе использовались аналитический и статистический методы исследования. Исследованы особенности рода занятий и социальное положение осужденных за преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы личности. Анализ научной литературы позволил выявить ряд вопросов, которые вызывают дискуссию. Во многих работах отмечается низкий образовательный и культурный уровень лиц, совершающих сексуальные преступления. The identity of a criminal who has committed a crime against sexual integrity and sexual freedom requires the development of recommendations, taking into account the characteristics of the individual, in order to ensure the effectiveness of measures to prevent crime. The results of this study substantiate the conclusions about the need to collect and systematize knowledge about convicts who have committed crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom. The most relevant issues are studied, their assessment is given, and recommendations that may be required in law enforcement practice are offered. The article reveals the socio-demographic characteristics of persons who have committed a crime against sexual integrity and sexual freedom. The article examines the characteristics of the personality of a convicted person who committed a crime against the sexual integrity of the person based on the analysis of statistical data of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for 2018-2020.. Analytical and statistical methods of research were used in the work. The features of the occupation and social status of those convicted of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual are investigated. The analysis of the scientific literature revealed a number of issues that cause discussion. Many studies note the low educational and cultural level of the perpetrators of sexual crimes.
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Soepadmo, Nurianto Rachmad. "Dimension of Justice in Restorative Justice Paradigm in the Criminal System for Sexual Violence in Indonesia." EU agrarian Law 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2020-0008.
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Abstract The act of sexual violence is a crime that is classified as a violation of human rights (HAM). The increase number of sexual violence cases in the world, including Indonesia, shows that the current justice system is unable to guarantee justice for victims, and most importantly recovery for victims. For this reason, a justice restoration approach is needed as an alternative in law enforcement against sexual crimes. Practically, marriage used as a way to approach justice restoration. This article used normative and juridical approach to discuss law enforcement on sexual crimes through restorative justice approach. It can be concluded that law enforcement on sexual crimes should observe based on criminology, victimology and ontology aspects, in order to be able to place the problem objectively. As a complaint offense, sexual crimes may not be passed on to criminal process, if there is peace between the victim and the perpetrator, provided that there is an agreement among the victim, perpetrator, family and society without coercion from various parties. The main focus in restorative justice of sexual crimes is to provide protection and assistance to victims from various parties, thus, the victims can be released from trauma or psychological impact that caused by sexual violence experienced by the victim or the impact received after the occurrence of sexual crime.
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Zúquete, José Gonçalo Pais Estrela da Silveira, and Ceci Vilar Noronha. ""Foi normal, não foi forçado!" versus "Fui abusada sexualmente": uma interpretação dos discursos de agressores sexuais, das suas vítimas e de testemunhas." Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva 22, no. 4 (2012): 1357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312012000400006.
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Os crimes sexuais contra crianças e adolescentes são uma forma de violência física que constitui uma preocupação no campo da Saúde Pública. Compreender estes crimes torna-se crucial para se poder intervir na sua prevenção e fundamentar o seu conhecimento para as políticas de saúde. Oartigo analisa as versões do crime sexual, comparando o discurso dos agressores com os depoimentos das vítimas e dos familiares registados em documento judicial. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, utilizando como técnicas de formação do corpus da pesquisa a entrevista individual com réus condenados ao regime de perda de liberdade e a análise documental das sentenças dos agressores sexuais de crianças e adolescentes. A reconstrução do delito sexual por parte dos reclusos, das vítimas e das testemunhas difere muito. Alguns dos agressores admitem o ato sexual criminoso, mas suas justificativas vão no sentido de eximir-se da responsabilidade alegando o consentimento da vítima; outros consideram seu crime uma acusação mentirosa elaborada por terceiros com o propósito de prejudicá-lo. As crenças partilhadas entre eles fazem com que minimizem seus comportamentos delituosos, declarando que o abuso sexual não tenha sido forçado, ou realizado mediante ameaças, nem traga sequelas físicas e psicológicas às vítimas. Os argumentos apresentados frequentemente pelos agressores expõem uma troca de papéis, passando do lugar de agressor ao da vítima. Esses agressores igualmente não reconhecem o fato de as vítimas ficarem com sequelas resultantes da violência sexual que poderão colocar seu futuro em causa.
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Briones-Robinson, Rhissa, Ràchael A. Powers, and Kelly M. Socia. "Sexual Orientation Bias Crimes." Criminal Justice and Behavior 43, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1688–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816660583.
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LGBT hate crimes are typically more violent and involve greater victim injury as compared to other victimizations, but they are substantially underreported. Victim reluctance to contact law enforcement may arise from perceptions of police bias. This study explores victim–police interactions, specifically reporting to the police, perceived police bias among victims who did not report, and differential police behavior among victims who reported. Using multiple years of National Crime Victimization Survey data, sexual orientation bias victimizations are compared with other forms of victimization. Logit regression models are examined before and after the Matthew Shepard Act. The pattern of results indicate that in the years following progressive policy reforms, LGBT bias victims continue to perceive the police as biased. Results do not significantly differ between sexual orientation bias victims and victims of other types of crime regarding police reporting and differential police response. Implications for policing efforts with the LGBT community are discussed.
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Ensslen, Katherine, Eric Beauregard, and Amelie Pedneault. "An Examination of the Home-Intruder Sex Offender." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 14 (June 7, 2018): 4694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18778450.
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One particular crime location in sexual assaults is the victim’s residence. Similar to sexual burglars, “home-intruder” sex offenders choose to assault the victim in her residence, most likely in their bedroom. The aim of the current study is to analyze modus operandi, temporal factors, and victim characteristics in a sample of 347 stranger sexual assaults committed by 69 serial sex offenders to determine which factors may be more relevant to sexual assaults committed in the victim’s residence compared with sexual assaults committed at another type of location. Our hypothesis is that offenders who choose to sexually assault victims in their home constitute a specific type of sex offender, one that resembles the sexual burglar. Results showed that modus operandi (e.g., burglary), temporal factors (e.g., time at crime scene with victim), and victim characteristics (e.g., age, victim-offender relationship) were significant in predicting whether the victim encounter, crime site, and victim release site were located at the victim’s residence or not. Moreover, these findings were generally significant across the three crime locations, which can be explained by the high consistency in location during home-intrusion sexual assaults. Situational crime prevention strategies aimed at making a residence less attractive for offenders should help reducing this particular type of sexual assault.
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O'Byrne, Katie. "Beyond Consent: Conceptualising Sexual Assault in International Criminal Law." International Criminal Law Review 11, no. 3 (2011): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181211x576384.
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AbstractThis article examines the development, definition and treatment of sexual assault in international criminal law over time. It charts the evolution of sexual assault as a crime, with particular focus on the relevant statutory provisions and jurisprudence of the ICTY, ICTR and ICC, noting that the recent characterisation of sexual assault as a genus crime including rape significantly broadens the scope of the offence. The article analyses some of the legal and conceptual problems arising from the use of non-consent as an element of sexual crimes, comparing the approach of the ad hoc tribunals with the (as yet untested) principles in the ICC's foundation documents. It is submitted that proof of coercion, rather than proof of non-consent, is the appropriate test to use in conceptualising crimes within the genus of sexual assault, and that consent should instead be raised as a defence where relevant.
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Subrahmaniam Saitya, Ida Bagus. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK." VYAVAHARA DUTA 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/vd.v14i1.1097.
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<p>Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, affirms that children are a mandate as well as the gift of God the Almighty, which we must always guard because in them the dignity, dignity and rights as human beings must be upheld. Children who are victims of crime are weak people who often cannot protect and help themselves because of their situation and conditions. Crime of sexual violence against children is a crime that uses violence or threats of violence<br />against children so that the child can be controlled for sexual relations. Internal factors causing criminal acts of sexual violence such as the proximity of the perpetrator to the victim, the role of the perpetrator, and the position of the victim. External factors that cause sexual violence crimes, namely environmental influences, such as being far from the crowd, lonely, or closed places that allow perpetrators to commit sexual violence.</p>
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Chopin, Julien, and Eric Beauregard. "Elderly Sexual Abuse: An Examination of the Criminal Event." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 6 (April 23, 2019): 706–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219843899.
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The current study investigates the modus operandi specificities for the sexual abuse against the elderly. A comparison between sex crimes against adult and elderly victims is conducted following the criminal event approach. The comparison is based on the precrime, crime, and postcrime phases of the modus operandi, operationalized through 53 variables. The sample comes from a French national police database including a total of 1,829 cases—including 130 cases of elderly sexual abuse and 1,699 cases of sexual abuse against victims aged between 18 and 45 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed to examine the differences in the two groups. Several differences are observed between the two modus operandi. Findings indicate that the precrime phase is the most important to explain these differences, and this phase of the criminal event affects the rest of the decisions taken during the crime and postcrime phases. Specifically, we have highlighted that sexual crimes against the elderly are more violent and occur more often in the victim’s residence. This study suggests that offenders targeting the elderly use specific crime characteristics, and this allows to highlight practical implications in terms of investigation and offender management.
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Sorochinski, Marina. "Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault: Stranger Rape, Acquaintance Rape, and Intra-Familial Child Sexual Assaults." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 5 (February 22, 2021): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854821995864.
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This article reviews the recently published book by M. B. Johnson— Wrongful conviction in sexual assault: Stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and intra-familial child sexual assaults. The focus of the book is on the unique combination of factors specifically within sexual crime investigation and legislation that lead to the overrepresentation of this type of crimes within wrongful convictions. The book presents a detailed analysis of social context, and historical backdrop specific to wrongful convictions in sexual crimes. It is a highly informative and well-written book.
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Kartono, Kartono, and Aji Mulyana. "The Implementation of Chemical Castration Penalties towards Paedophilia Crime Perpetrators." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v13no4.1683.
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Sexual crime (rape) is one of the crimes that are very disturbing to the community, and its development is increasingly diverse either in the motives, nature, the form, the intensity and the modus operandi. The concerning situation is that a castration or castration law is expected to encouraging perpetrators of child sexual violence to lose their desire to repeat their crime. This research will explain how the implementation of chemical castration against sexual offenders on children (paedophilia) and how the application of castration penalties after the purpose of Indonesian crimes. The implementation of the imposition of the chemical castration sentence seems to be considered as an answer to the high public demand for severe punishment for the perpetrators. The existing rules of criminal law and child protection have never been implemented optimally. The Act of sexual assault on a child brings harmful impacts against physical and psychology to the victim, which became an obstacle for law enforcement officers to know or detect victims of sexual violence against children.
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Chadimova, Michala. "Sexual Slavery and Members of a Terrorist Group – What is the Future of the 'Boko Haram' Trial at the International Criminal Court?" Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644720x16061196655061.
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Crimes committed by the members of Boko Haram in Nigeria are not only the subject of national trials but also of preliminary examination at the International Criminal Court (ICC). This article focuses on the sexual slavery perpetrated by Boko Haram, describes how the crimes are viewed within the national Nigerian criminal process and addresses the possibility of prosecution of the crimes at the ICC.<br/> This article analyses the legal terminology used to describe the crimes connected to Boko Haram – enslavement, sexual slavery, human trafficking and terrorism – and their interaction. While providing an overview of the ICC's current preliminary examination into the situation in Nigeria, this article discusses how the principle of complementarity is potentially holding the OTP back from the formal investigation.<br/> Furthermore, an overview of cases at the ICC that have involved charges of sexual slavery or enslavement will be provided. By analysing the Court's findings in relation to elements of sexual slavery, this article provides an insightful view into the Court's rhetoric on this crime. Similarly, this article discusses modes of liability that have been employed in the Katanga/Chui and Ntaganda cases and provides a learning opportunity for future cases of sexual slavery as both a crime against humanity (Article 7(1)(g) of the Rome Statute) and a war crime (Article 8(2)(e)(vi) of the Rome Statute; 8(2)(b)(xxii) of the Rome Statute).
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Rizky, Mutiara Nastya, Risma Intan Fitriani, Muhammad Wahyu Sudibyo, Fatma Ayu Husnasari, and Firmansyah Maulana. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Eksploitasi Seksual Komersial Melalui Media Sosial." Media Iuris 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mi.v2i2.13193.
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Today, the crime rate is increasing, one of the trigger is due to the advances in the field of technology and information. Thus not a few people who use technological advances as a crime media to make money. Most of them use children as objects because children are easily persuaded and seduced to get something. One example of a crime that uses a child as an object is a sexual crime. These children are exploited as sexual disseminators disseminated through social media. Looking at the children's point of view as a weak individual then in Indonesia Law number 35 of 2014 was born to ensure that children can grow and develop optimally. So the law is regulated in detail about the rights of children and protection of children as victims of crime. On the other hand, there are several laws that regulate sexual crimes whether committed in cyberspace or not. Because of the importance of providing protection to children, there is more than one rule of law to protect children as victims of sexual crimes through social media. So the systematic specialist principle should be applied to provide legal certainty against the children. The purpose of this research was to determine the legal protection of children as victims of sexual exploitation through social media and the application of lex specialist systematic principles in the case of children as victims of sexual abuse through social media. To be able to answer existing legal problems, the research method is used with the type of doctrinal research and statute approach and conceptual approach. From this research, it can be obtained the results that in the application of the lex systematic specialist principle is based on case.
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Petsko, Christopher D., and Galen V. Bodenhausen. "Race–Crime Congruency Effects Revisited: Do We Take Defendants' Sexual Orientation Into Account?" Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617736111.
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Decades ago, social psychologists documented a juror decision-making bias called the race–crime congruency effect: a tendency to condemn Black men more than White men for stereotypically Black crimes but to do the reverse for stereotypically White crimes. We conducted two high-powered experiments ( N = 2,520) to see whether this pattern replicates and to examine whether it is attenuated when the defendant is gay. When participants reported on what the average American juror would do (Experiment 1), we observed greater harshness toward Black defendants accused of stereotypically Black crimes but not the previously documented reversal for stereotypically White crimes. Defendant sexual orientation did not moderate this pattern. When participants reported their own judgments about the same criminal cases (Experiment 2), they expressed greater harshness toward White (vs. Black) defendants and toward heterosexual (vs. gay) defendants. These effects were not moderated by crime type. Implications for the race–crime congruency effect are discussed.
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Oliveira, Bárbara de Abreu, and Jayme Benvenuto Lima Júnior. "estupro como estratégia de guerra em conflitos armados: a experiência do Tribunal Penal Internacional para a antiga Iugoslávia nos casos de violência de gênero." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n1.06.p97.
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A violência contra a mulher é uma prática antiga e, com o passar do tempo, os crimes de natureza sexual foram se naturalizando ainda mais em conflitos domésticos e internacionais, em que a situação de vulnerabilidade é sentida de forma ainda mais contundente por mulheres que sofrem agressão sexual. O século XX foi marcado por conflitos como o da antiga Iugoslávia, conhecido como um dos marcos da discussão jurídica sobre a violência contra a mulher como crime internacional. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo propõe estudar como o Tribunal Penal Internacional para a antiga Iugoslávia incorporou os crimes de violência sexual na sua normativa e jurisprudência, considerando a prática desses atos de natureza sexual uma estratégia de guerra, em que o principal objetivo é desmoralizar e destruir uma população em função de elementos étnicos e nacionais. Com a incorporação de gênero na jurisprudência do tribunal, o Tribunal Penal Internacional para a antiga Iugoslávia tipifica os crimes de violência sexual como crime contra humanidade e entende que esse tipo de violação também deveria ser julgado sob o art. 3.º, em condição de Violações das Leis ou Costumes de guerra. A prática desses crimes é muito mais que a simples prática de opressão a um grupo vulnerável por parte do Estado, mas uma imposição do símbolo de poder de gênero.
Abstract: Violence against women is an old practice and, over time, crimes of a sexual nature have been further naturalized in domestic and international conflicts, where the situation of vulnerability is felt even more bluntly by women who suffer sexual assault. The twentieth century was marked by conflicts such as that of the former Yugoslavia, known as one of the milestones of the legal discussion on violence against women as an international crime. Through a bibliographical research, the present article proposes to study how the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia incorporated the crimes of sexual violence in its normative and jurisprudence, considering the practice of these acts of a sexual nature a war strategy, in which the The main objective is to demoralize and destroy a population based on ethnic and national elements. With the incorporation of gender in the jurisprudence of the court, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia typifies crimes of sexual violence as a crime against humanity and understands that this type of violation should also be judged under art. 3, in the condition of Violations of Laws or Customs of war. The practice of these crimes is much more than the simple practice of oppression of a vulnerable group by the state, but an imposition of the symbol of gender power.
Keywords: Humans rights; Sexual Violence; International Conflicts; International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.
Recebido em: outubro/2018.Aprovado em: abril/2019.
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Vartanyan, G. A., and S. V. Gorbatov. "Personality characteristics and parent-child relationships juveniles who commit violent crimes of a sexual nature." Psychology and Law 7, no. 2 (2017): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2017060209.
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Studies of aggressive behavior of teenagers and sexual aggression in particular in the last time are particularly relevant and valuable in modern society. This is confirmed by the data of criminological statistics, according to which the rate of minor crime in the Russian Federation in recent years has virtually the same range. A comprehensive study of the person of a minor convicted of violent crimes of a sexual nature (personal characteristics, characteristics of sexual identity and parent-child relationship) on the basis of comparative analysis with a group of teenagers convicted of the crime of mercenary-violent type, and a group of students emerging in socially favourable environment, enabled them to identify some distinctive features. The obtained results allow to suggest a possible mutual influence of personal characteristics and characteristics of sexual identity with the peculiarities of child-parent relationships in a group of juveniles convicted for violent crimes of a sexual nature.
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Burton, David, Sophia Demuynck, and Jamie R. Yoder. "Executive Dysfunction Predicts Delinquency But Not Characteristics of Sexual Aggression Among Adolescent Sexual Offenders." Sexual Abuse 28, no. 8 (August 2, 2016): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063214556357.
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Our aim in this study was to evaluate executive function and its relationship to delinquency and sexual crime in adolescents incarcerated for sexual crimes. Based on self-report data, 196 male adolescent sexual offenders from a Midwest state reported high rates of executive dysfunction. Although such deficits did not relate to the number of victims of sexual abuse, severity, or degree of force used in commission of the sexual crimes, poor executive function was significantly predictive of both general delinquency and felony theft. In both measures of delinquent conduct, behavioral regulation dysfunction was predictive of the frequency of commission of the crimes, whereas metacognition was not. Research and treatment implications are offered.
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Ruiz-Azcona, Laura, Amada Pellico-López, Jimena B. Manjón-Rodríguez, Mar Sánchez Movellán, Purificación Ajo Bolado, José García-Vázquez, Ildefonso Hernández-Aguado, Joaquín Cayón-De las Cuevas, and María Paz-Zulueta. "Evolution of Legislation and Crimes Based on Sexual Identity or Orientation in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2021)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020859.
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Respect for different sexual options and orientations prevents the occurrence of hate crimes against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGTBI) persons for this reason. Our aim was to review the legislation that protects the rights of LGTBI people and to quantify the victimization rates of hate crimes based on sexual identity and orientation. A retrospective observational study was conducted across all regions of Spain from 2011–2021. The laws on LGTBI rights in each region were identified. Hate crime victimization data on sexual identity and orientation were collected in annual rates per 100,000 inhabitants, annual percentage change and average change during the study period to assess the trend. The regulatory development of laws against discrimination against LGTBI individuals is heterogeneous across regions. Overall, in Spain there is an upward trend in the number of hate crime victimizations motivated by sexual identity or orientation. The effectiveness of data collection, thanks to better training and awareness of police forces regarding hate crimes and the processes of data cleansing and consolidation contributes to a greater visibility of hate crimes against LGTBI people.
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Yoder, Jamie, and Deborah A. Caserta. "Associations Between Substance Use in Commission of Sexual Crimes and Offense Characteristics Among Youth: Mitigating Effects of Substance Use Treatment." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16651903.
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The small extant research base on substance use and youth sexual offending has very few descriptive details. Furthermore, research has yet to test associations between the use of substances in the commission of sexual crimes and offense-related characteristics and how substance use treatment can mitigate these effects. In a sample of residentially housed youth adjudicated of a sexual crime ( N = 332), prevalence patterns are broken down by type of substance use behavior. Sequential regression models are run to test the associations between substance use prior to a sexual crime and number of victims, sexual deviance, and non-sexual criminality. Substance use treatment is tested as a mitigating factor in these relationships. Results reveal high levels of family substance use, and high rates of alcohol, marijuana, and other substance use. There were associations between substance use prior to sexual criminality and sexual deviance and non-sexual criminality. Substance use treatment reduced the effects of substance use on non-sexual criminality. Research and treatment implications are offered.
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Ong, Jade Munslow. "Women, Crime and Sexual Transgression." New Formations 83, no. 83 (December 20, 2014): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf.83.rev03.2014.
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Fishbein, Diana. "Sexual Preference, Crime and Punishment." Women & Criminal Justice 11, no. 2 (June 13, 2000): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j012v11n02_04.
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Leal, Cláudia Cristina Studart, and Alexandre Martins Valença. "Alleged amnesia in sexual crime." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 69, no. 3 (July 2020): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000281.
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ABSTRACT The current article describes the case of a man who claimed amnesia in relation to a sexual crime he had allegedly committed. Psychiatric examination concluded that the individual was feigning amnesia. Claimed amnesia of a criminal offense is one of the most commonly feigned symptoms in the forensic medical setting. It is thus necessary to rule out organic or psychogenic causes of amnesia and always consider feigned amnesia in the presence of psychopathological alterations that do not reflect classically known syndromes.
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Cutrim Jr., Ruy Justo C., Mauro Vitor Mendlowicz, and Alexandre Martins Valença. "Crime sexual e retardo mental." Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 21, no. 1 (January 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-4714.2018v21n1p31-3.
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Apresentamos o caso de um homem que cometeu estupro de menino de cinco anos de idade. A perícia psiquiátrica concluiu que o mesmo apresentava retardo mental moderado, sendo inimputável. Atualmente ele cumpre medida de segurança em Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico do Rio de Janeiro. São discutidos fatores motivadores desse comportamento sexual, bem como as questões subjetivas do paciente que contribuíram para esse comportamento.
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E. Chinoko, Vitumbiko, Rajkumar Kalimuthu, and Paul Macheso. "A Cloud Based Android System for Reporting Crimes Against Child Sexual Abuse." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2128.
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A cloud based android system for reporting crimes against child sexual abuse is a real time cloud-based system to be used by people to report crimes concerning sexual abuse of children to relevant organizations. Usually, when crimes of this kind happen, the victims or witnesses go to the police, or call related organizations to report crimes. The crimes are then processed through a paper-based system where the cases are recorded and them handled accordingly. This approach is usually slow and in sometimes reads to dissatisfactions to the victims and relatives. With the wide spread of android phones, android system to report the crimes would make the crime management easier and faster as the crimes will be reported in real time using an android phone. Management of the cases will also be fast as the crimes will be directly reported to a cloud database which will make crime tracing and management faster. A global positioning system which is already implemented in all android phones will be used to track the location of the person reporting the crime. Firebase real time database will be used to store the data reported. All the users of the system will be authenticated to make sure they are not eligible to use the application and for privacy of user information. Thus, a cloud based android system will be beneficial to both the public and the acting organizations and there by improve measures to reduce sex crimes against children.
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Hewitt, Ashley, and Eric Beauregard. "Offender Mobility During the Crime: Investigating the Variability of Crime Event Contexts and Associated Outcomes in Stranger Sexual Assaults." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215594377.
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Using data from qualitative interviews and police reports, latent class analysis is used on a sample of 54 repeat stranger sexual offenders who committed 204 sexual assaults to identify discrete contexts present at the time of victim encounter that influence these offenders’ decision to use more than one location to commit their crimes. Five distinct classes are identified: residential outdoor common area, spontaneous/quiet outdoor site, residential home, active green space, and indoor/public gathering place. An investigation into the outcome(s) that most often result from the offender’s decision to move the victim during the sexual assault indicates that those who move the victim from an active green space overwhelmingly engage in sexual penetration, as well as forcing their victims to commit sexual acts on them. Crimes where the victim is moved from a residential home show evidence of the offender physically harming the victim as well as using more force than necessary to complete the assault. Implications for situational crime prevention are discussed.
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Ceccato, Vania, and Yuri Paz. "Crime in São Paulo’s metro system: sexual crimes against women." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 19, no. 3-4 (September 2017): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41300-017-0027-2.
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Fijwala, Shivam, Marek Palasinski, and Neil Shortland. "The basic determinants of perceived increase in violent, sexual and benefit fraud crimes." Safer Communities 13, no. 4 (October 13, 2014): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-07-2014-0010.
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Purpose – Given that how crimes are perceived by the general public influences their sense of community safety, police priorities and offending behaviour, and in light of little, if any at all, attention being paid to the determinants of such perception, the purpose of this paper is to examine their predictive value. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 150 English participants with diverse backgrounds (78 males and 72 females – mean age: M=24.3; SD=5.44) completed surveys on their perceived increase in violent, sexual and benefit fraud crimes, taking into account theoretically and empirically underpinned factors, like age, income, number of days unemployed in the last three years, number of years spent in formal education and machiavellianism. Findings – The multiple regression results suggest that participants with less formal education and less income were more likely to see a rise in violent crime. They also suggest that participants with less formal education and longer history of recent unemployment were more likely to see a rise in sexual crime. It turned out, however, that the recent history of unemployment was not a significant predictor of the perceived rise in benefit fraud – only a high machiavellianism score was. Research limitations/implications – This quantitative research paints a complex picture that could be complemented by follow-on qualitative studies. Practical implications – The overarching message from this relatively modest study, therefore, which is part of a much larger and more complex ongoing research project, is to inform the public on crime in approachable and mass data-driven ways rather than leaving this to sensation-driven and selective scenario-focused media. Social implications – Increasing people's sense of community safety is likely to improve their general well-being, community cohesion and trust in others without necessarily inclining them to take personal risks and falling victim to crime due to ignorance and gullibility. This, in turn, might help guide crime prevention strategies and contribute to the actual reduction in crime levels and safer communities. Originality/value – Not only does this article offer insight into people's perception of different crimes, addressing an important and neglected research deficit, but is also cautiously proposes the need for more professional education of the public about crime figures.
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Silva Leite, Mariana, Beatriz Corrêa Camargo, and Marília Freitas Lima. "Coerção e consentimento no crime de estupro." Caderno Espaço Feminino 33, no. 1 (September 13, 2020): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/cef-v33n1-2020-9.
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A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a questão do consentimento da vítima para a caracterização do crime de estupro no Brasil. Isso será feito a partir de uma reflexão sobre a disputa de narrativas no campo jurídico brasileiro. Assim, este estudo se ocupa, primeiramente, das discussões mais recentes acerca do conceito de consentimento no Direito Penal Sexual em âmbito internacional. Em seguida, apresenta-se um panorama sobre o crime de estupro no direito brasileiro, fazendo o contraponto com algumas decisões colhidas na jurisprudência. Ao fim, conclui-se sobre a exigência da resistência da vítima como resquício simbólico de um discurso patriarcal, que nega sobretudo à mulher a autonomia de decisão sobre a própria sexualidade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Consentimento. Estupro. Campo Jurídico. Gênero. Crimes Sexuais.
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Семерикова, Алла, and Alla Semerikova. "Background crime conditions and their impact on violent sexual offending." Services in Russia and abroad 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11709.
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The article deals with objective social determinants of sexual violence, special importance is given to the terms of this type of crime. The study was conducted by compiling the sample survey of victims of sexual violence, as well as those serving sentences for violent sex crimes or committed similar crimes in the past. Determined are the conditions of violent sexual crimes, according to the author, it is understood background criminogenic effects that are not related to the criminal activity of the individual manifestations, but nevertheless, at the present stage of development of society are considered immoral and undermining the ethical foundations of society as a whole. In this case, we can not say that they are the cause of violent sexual criminal assault, but play a significant role in the formation of the motivational sphere of life not only encroaching person, but their victims, significantly increasing the level of victimization and, consequently, facilitating the commission in relation to the crime. Among these phenomena are three main ones: alcohol abuse, prostitution and pornography. These background criminogenic phenomena - the formation of a powerful provocateur defects for socialization of the person under whose influence they had a distorted attitude and mentality. The article defines the concept of the norm of sexual behavior of the individual and can be traced to changes in the concept of the person under the influence of normal background criminogenic effects and inclusion of the individual in these extremely destructive processes. The problem of correlation of background criminogenic phenomena between the concept of norms of sexual behavior, as well as provides psychological and social characteristics of background criminogenic phenomena and to determine the degree of their influence on the behavior of the mechanism of victims of sexual violence and encroaching persons.
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Vanzeler, Jocilene Costa, Natasha de Fátima Silva Reis Magalhães, Silvia dos Santos de Almeida, Fernando Augusto Ramos Pontes, and Katiane da Costa Cunha. "Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: o perfil da vítima e do agressor no crime de estupro de vulnerável." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): e3579108501. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8501.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o perfil da vítima e do agressor no crime de estupro de vulnerável, no estado do Pará, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. O estudo envolveu a análise dos dados disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Inteligência e Análise Criminal (SIAC), vinculada à Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Pará (SEGUP). Pela análise dos dados, constatou-se que o crime de estupro de vulnerável se sobressai entre os demais crimes praticados contra crianças e adolescentes, sendo identificado o total de 2.298 casos registrados no ano de 2017 e 2.963 casos dos demais crimes, bem como houve 2.475 casos registrados no ano de 2018 e 3.203 casos dos demais crimes. Em relação ao perfil do agressor foi possível identificar que 99,05% dos agressores são do sexo masculino e 0,95% são do sexo feminino. Já no caso das vítimas, ocorre o inverso, sendo que 87,88% das vítimas são do sexo feminino e 12,12 % do sexo masculino, e entre estes, 56,17% são crianças e 43,83% são adolescentes, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Para identificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre as quantidades de crimes por ano, foi aplicada uma análise estatística pela qual possibilitou verificar que não houve diferença significativa entre a quantidade de crime por artigo e a quantidade média de crime por ano, bem como não houve diferença significativa entre a quantidade de crime por cidade e a quantidade média de crime por ano.
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Lee, Frances Xu, and Wing Suen. "Credibility of Crime Allegations." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 220–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20180231.
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The lack of hard evidence in allegations about sexual misconduct makes it difficult to separate true allegations from false ones. We provide a model in which victims and potential libelers face the same costs and benefits from making an allegation, but the tendency for perpetrators of sexual misconduct to engage in repeat offenses allows semiseparation to occur, which lends credibility to such allegations. Our model also explains why reports about sexual misconduct are often delayed, and why the public rationally assigns less credibility to these delayed reports. (JEL D82, J16, K14, K42)
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Lima, Sonia Oliveira, Lara Gabriella Dultra Sales, Luís Henrique Santos De Menezes, Renata Lima Batalha De Andrade, Ana Caroline Gusmão De Matos, Jefferson Felipe Calazans Batista, Manuela Naiane Lima Barreto, and Ana Karina Rocha Hora Mendonça. "Violência sexual feminina: um crime intradomiciliar recorrente / Sexual violence against women: a recurrent domestic crime." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 14658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-406.
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Lima, Sonia Oliveira, Lara Gabriella Dultra Sales, Luís Henrique Santos De Menezes, Renata Lima Batalha De Andrade, Ana Caroline Gusmão De Matos, Jefferson Felipe Calazans Batista, Manuela Naiane Lima Barreto, and Ana Karina Rocha Hora Mendonça. "Violência sexual feminina: um crime intradomiciliar recorrente / Sexual violence against women: a recurrent domestic crime." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 9992–10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-102.
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Bachera, Ewelina, and Stephan V. Jupinko. "The problem of hate crimes in the United States of America." Problemy Prawa Karnego 5, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ppk.2021.05.04.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to draw attention to an issue that has a long history: the problem of hate crimes in the United States of America. There is no doubt that hate crimes are the type of crime that attack the very principle of individuality that is an entitlement under the equal protection of the law (in the U.S.). Bearing the foregoing in mind the above, and that the number of such crime has increased at an alarming rate, this article describes and discusses types of hate crimes such as: Racist and Religious Hate Crimes, Sexual Orientation-Based Hate Crimes and Disability Hate Crimes as an extended projection of the analysis, several solutions have been proposed to mitigate tensions and combat the prevalence and severity of hate crime in all its forms.