Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexual attraction – Psychological aspects'
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1
Peters, Marianne. "The role of male secondary sexual traits in human mate choice : are they preferred by females and do they signal mate quality ?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0201.
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[Truncated abstract]Judgements of physical attractiveness are thought to reflect evolved preferences for a high quality mate. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate the hypothesis that female preferences are adaptations for finding good quality mates and that faces and bodies signal honest information about mate quality. To date, most human mate preference studies have examined face or body attractiveness alone, and many have created stimuli using computer graphic techniques. Throughout these studies, I endeavoured to maximise the biological relevance of my studies by incorporating both face and body attractiveness, and using photographs of individual participants. Most research on attractiveness has focused on faces or bodies separately, while our preferences have evolved based on both seen together. A fundamental requirement of studying face and body attractiveness independently is that there is no interaction between the two. My first study confirmed that the face and body did not interact when an overall attractiveness judgment was made. I also investigated the independent contributions of rated attractiveness of the face and the body to ratings of overall attractiveness. Face and body attractiveness each made significant independent contributions to overall attractiveness in males and females. For both sexes, facial attractiveness predicted overall attractiveness more strongly than did body attractiveness, and this difference was significant in males. ... This study indicates that although current levels of T covary with male mating success, this effect may not be mediated by women's preferences for visual cues to T levels conveyed in static face or body features. The fourth study in this thesis investigated the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis, which proposes that females obtain reliable information on male fertility from male expression of sexual traits. A previous study of Spanish men reported that facial attractiveness was positively associated with semen quality. I aimed to determine whether this effect was widespread by examining a large sample of Australian men. I also extended my study to determine whether cues to semen quality are provided by components of attractiveness: masculinity, averageness, and symmetry. I found no significant correlations between semen quality parameters and attractiveness or attractive traits. While male physical attractiveness may signal aspects of mate quality, my results suggest that phenotype-linked cues to male fertility may not be generalised across human populations. Together, these studies challenge current methodologies and theories of preferences for secondary sexual traits as honest signals of mate quality. The findings show that it is important to study human mate preferences in biologically relevant contexts, for example by using photographs of both faces and bodies, to maximise the real life application of results. In addition, the findings suggest that male attractiveness does not signal cues to testosterone or semen quality, although testosterone is associated with mating success. The implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.
2
Feinberg, David R. "Vocal attractiveness." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14253.
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In this thesis, I aimed to explore vocal attractiveness from an evolutionary perspective: how listener's preferences for vocal qualities of potential partners could increase mating success and reproductive success. Chapters 1-4 outline the background to the thesis, reviews acoustics, sexual selection theory, and human mate-choice. In chapter 5, I correlated attributions made to voices to the acoustic properties of the voices. In men's voices, pitch negatively predicted vocal attractiveness. Attributions of masculinity, size, age, health and vocal attractiveness were all positively correlated. In women's voices, pitch, formant dispersion and perceived health positively predicted vocal attractiveness. Masculinity, size and age negatively predicted vocal attractiveness. In chapter 6, I measured the effect of manipulating fundamental and/or formant frequencies (apparent vocal-tract length) on vocal attributions. Women found men's voices with lowered voice pitch and decreased formant dispersion more attractive, masculine, large, older and healthier. Women's size predicted preference for male vocal- tract length. In chapter 7, I explored attitudes to voices speaking vowels and whole sentences using a correlation design and acoustic manipulations. Women's self-rated attractiveness positively predicted vocal masculinity preferences. Most of the remaining studies focus on how hormones relate to vocal production and perception. Women with less oestrogen showed the biggest menstrual cycle shifts in vocal masculinity preferences, preferring masculinity most in the fertile phase (chapter 8). Men's testosterone levels predicted the size of changes in attributions of dominance to men's voices (chapter 9). Women's voice pitch correlated with facial-metric masculinity and facial attractiveness (chapter 10). Men preferred women's voices with raised pitch to lowered pitch at multiple levels of starting pitch (chapter 11). These findings indicate men preferred femininity to averageness. In chapter 12, I relate the work in this thesis to other work and the broader evolutionary perspective.
3
Stirrat, Michael. "Sexual selection and trust games." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1014.
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In economic games the facial attributes of counterparts bias decisions to trust and decisions to enter play. We report research supporting hypotheses that trust and reciprocation decisions in trust games are biased by mechanisms of sexual selection. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by inter-sexual competition were supported. 1) Attractive individuals elicit more cooperation. 2) Male participants display trust and reciprocation toward attractive female counterparts in excess of perceived trustworthiness (and this display is modulated by male self-reported physical dominance). 3) Female participants appear to respond to male trust as a signal of sexual interest and are therefore more likely to exploit the trust of attractive males. 4) In explicitly dating contexts females are more likely to prefer attractive males to pay for the meal. These results indicate that participants are biased by mate choice and mating display considerations while playing economic games in the lab. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by intra-sexual competition for resources were also somewhat supported. 1) Male participants reporting an ability to win fights with same-sex peers are more exploitative of other males. 2) Cues to current circulating testosterone level in counterpart’s faces are less trusted but elicit more reciprocation. 3) The male sexually dimorphic trait facial width-to-height ratio (a trait which is related to both aggression and dominance) is related to an increased proportion of decisions to exploit others in the trust game while also being used by others as a cue to untrustworthiness. We conclude that trusting and trustworthy behaviour in both sexes is biased by mating market considerations predicted by intra- and inter-sexual selection.
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Perez, Ricardo J. "Setting, arousal and interpersonal attraction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23202.
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Martin-Christian, Sue Ellen. "Sexual adjustment following surgical treatment for gynecological cancer." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/463.
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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.
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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.
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Edward, Katherine E. "Sexual violence : dynamics, aftermath and intervention." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15413.
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This thesis examines the nature of sexual violence, the trauma experienced by survivors, how report rate for this type of crime can be increased, and how secondary victimisation of survivors can be prevented. Laboratory examination of the attributions made about survivors of sexual violence found that they not only differ from those made about survivors of non-sexual crimes, but also that negative attitudes are strongly related to the gender-role attitudes of the attributor. Empirical research also suggested that providing written information may not be sufficient to alter negative attitudes. Results of a general public crime survey (N=266) suggest that the trauma experienced by survivors of sexual violence is higher than that of survivors of other crime types. Specific examination of the experiences and recovery of survivors of sexual violence (N=42) found that severe assaults, recent victimisation, and assault by a known offender, are related to high levels of symptomatology. Negative self-attributions and perceptions were also found to be related to high levels of symptomatology, and these cognitions were found to be the strongest predictors of recovery. Unlike previous findings with other subject groups, self-blame was not found to be related to increased control. Examination of post-assault factors suggests that the low report rate for sexual crimes may be due to lack of faith in the police and fear of Criminal Justice interactions. In addition, it was found that dissatisfaction with report decision was highly related to levels of symptomatology. A model of how assault factors, survivor cognitions and post-assault interactions may relate to each other and symptomatology is presented. The findings of the survey and laboratory research are discussed in terms of their implications for successful support of survivors, increasing report rate for sexual crimes, the prevention of secondary victimisation, and future psychological research.
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Christie, Nancy Gail 1957, and Nancy Gail 1957 Christie. "THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF BODY AND FACE IN ATTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS, AND SOCIAL AND RELATIONSHIP VARIABLES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276528.
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One hundred and fifty undergraduate students at a Southwestern university rated the attractiveness of the face, body and full, face and body of 5 male and 5 female stimuli. The subjects also rated the full, face and body stimuli on 6 social and relationship variables. These ratings were used to determine the relative influence of facial attractiveness versus body attractiveness on overall assessments of attractiveness and social and relationship variables. Both facial and body attractiveness were predictive of all the overall assessments, but face was a more powerful predictor. A second analysis related perceived similarity of attractiveness and liking. Perceived similarity of attractiveness was not a significant factor in how much the subjects indicated they liked the stimuli.
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Gajarsky, Wendy M. "Long-term correlates of unwanted childhood sexual experiences : sexual satisfaction, victimization, and perpetration." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544143.
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The general purpose of this study was to duplicate research conducted by Beverley Joyce Miller Pitts, Ph.D., regarding the newswriting process of practicing journalists. (Future reference regarding this study will be termed the Pitts study.) In an effort to update previous research, this study sought to: review literature published between 1981 and 1987, update research conducted since 1981, support or disprove previous findings as documented in the Pitts study, and provide further research regarding the journalist's newswriting process. The study was conducted separately from previous research; thereby adopting an objective atmosphere in which research and data were obtained. The methodology and procedure of this study were replicated from the Pitts study to ensure consistency in research methods. All analyses, discussions, summaries, conclusions, observations, and recommendations, presented in this study, are based solely on data gathered during the research and presentation phases of this study.Although the Pitts study, 1981, consisted of protocol analysis case studies of three practicing journalists, the study contained herein focuses on the case study of one isolated journalist. As with the Pitts study, this study sought to gather data which describes the overall thought process as executed by a practicing journalist. The primary research tool utilized was protocol analysis. During taped sessions, these verbal protocols required the journalist to "think out loud" while composing the news story.Three protocol case studies were comprised. The first protocol session, the journalist was provided with a fact sheet from which to write. In the second and third protocol sessions, the journalist composed news stories based upon events covered on the daily beat. All three stories were composed on a video display terminal (VDT). The three protocol transcripts, follow-up interviews, reporter's notes, and the completed stories provided the data for analysis. These may be found in the Appendix. The coding scheme used in the Pitts study, which isolated and labeled activities of the newswriting process, was utilized; thus, deciphering the thought process evoked from the journalist when composing newsworthy articles.Journalist Kristi Stone, reporter for the Muncie Star, was selected to participate in this study.Findings indicated that the selection and writing of the lead was the most time-consuming task, that the writer wrote in a patterned sequence, that the writercomposed the story in small units, that goals, planning, and evaluations were short-term in nature, and that the writer created sentences as they were being typed into the VDT. In addition, the writer demonstrated recursiveness in her writing style, and had difficulty in composing stories when the newsgathering element was omitted.A major finding was that the task of writing the lead was the initial step in the writing process and had to be completed before any other writing could take place. The selection of the lead determined the direction of the story; thus, it was the most important act the writer performed. The story was organized as it was written, not planned in advance. The writer planned and wrote one sentence at a time incorporating a series of activities aimed at completing an immediate task. Editing was an important part of the writing process as well as a tool for refining. Memory was an important tool for obtaining information during the writing process. Recall was used for the purposes of remembering information from the newsgathering process, while notes provided the specific details of the incident. The newsgathering task was an integral part of the newswriting process, serving as a catalyst for the story's composition. Difficulty in writing occurred when the newsgathering process was omitted; thus, the newsgathering and newswriting tasks worked in unison and were so closely related they could not easily be separated.The findings documented in this research paper support the previous findings by Pitts conducted in her 1981 port the previous findings by study in that:the lead was the most important taskselection and writing of the lead took place first editing was an integral part of the writing process, not a separate act of refining memory served to recall overall story ideas and informationnotes provided a tool for obtaining specific pieces of informationwriters planned and wrote one sentence at a time by orchestrating a complex set of activities directed at completion of an immediate task.l1Beverly Joyce Miller Pitts, "The Newswriting Process: A Protocl Analysis Case Study of Three Practicing Journalists," Ed.D. Dissertation, Ball State University, pp. 2-3.Department of Psychological Science
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Suschinsky, Kelly D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "An examination of psychophysiological measures of sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/527.
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The scientific study of sex has developed significantly since the inception of
psychophysiological methods to assess sexual arousal. Sexual psychophysiology involves
assessing the physiological activation of the sexual response system, in addition to
mental, behavioral, and emotional processes or experiences (Rosen & Beck, 1988).
Measures of sexual arousal are reviewed in Chapter One. Chapter Two describes a study
testing the validity of the most commonly used measure of genital arousal in women,
vaginal photoplethysmography. Results indicate that vaginal photoplethysmography is
sensitive to sexual arousal only, and that there are important sex differences in patterns of
physiological arousal to sexual stimuli. Directions for future research are discussed.x, 176 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Simon, Leonore Michele Julia 1952. "Personality characteristics of child molesters: Implications for the fixated-regressed dichotomy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291888.
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This study attempts to empirically validate the fixated-regressed typology utilized in the child sexual abuse literature. The sample consisted of 136 consecutive cases of convicted child molesters tried in Pima County, Arizona over a two-year period (1984-1985) for whom case history, MMPI, pre-sentence reports, and police report data were collected prior to sentencing. Application of the criteria defining fixated versus regressed status yielded a unimodal and continuous distribution of child molesters, rather than the bimodal distribution predicted by theory. In a multiple regression analysis, three independent variables, i.e., whether the victim and offender were related, an offender's prior non-sex-criminal record, and offender age, significantly enhanced the accuracy of predicting an offender's degree of regression. Alternative conceptualizations to the fixated-regressed typology are described, and implications for understanding child molesters are discussed.
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Heath, Lance Julien. "The development of a scale to measure sexual orientation and an examination of its psychometric properties." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007408.
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The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to measure sexual orientation and to examine its psychometric properties. Previous scales were critically examined and compared and the need for a scale which simultaneously measures same and opposite sex responsiveness independently, and accounts for dynamic changes over time, while testing a number of overt and covert dimensions of sexual orientations, was established. A 48-item scale was designed to tap self-reported intensity and frequency of Emotional Attachment, Sexual Fantasy, Sexual Attraction and Sexual Contact towards males and females in the Past, Present and Future. An initial study was conducted with 13 undergraduate university students of both genders, representing a variety of sexual orientations and nationalities, and qualitative feedback was obtained and utilized to make appropriate adjustments and refinements to the scale. The scale was then administered to 133 Rhodes University undergraduate psychology students to obtain quantitative data with regard to its internal structure. The scale was found to have a good internal consistency reliability Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.8106. Existing sub-scales had lower alpha coefficients. Factor analysis, a form of construct validation, was performed and four factors emerged. These had very good internal consistency reliability alpha coefficients: Sexual Responsiveness to Females (0.9894), Sexual Responsiveness to Males (0.9741), Emotional Attachment to Females (0.8403) and Emotional Attachment to Males (0.8372). These factors were further statistically analysed to ascertain how they relate to one another and to the demographics of gender, age, relational status and sexual orientation identity. Future research will need to assess other forms of reliability and validity and focus on larger and more varied samples.
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McBride, Michelle L. "Individual and familial risk factors for adolescent psychopathy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ34588.pdf.
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Sitney, Miranda. "The Role of Caregiver Disruption in the Development of Juvenile Sexual Offenders." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4474.
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In the last decade, it has been recognized that juveniles commit as much as 20% of all sexual offenses in the United States (DOJ, 2004). Research that attempts to understand why young people commit sex crimes points to an array of family factors that may uniquely contribute to the development of sexual offending over and above general juvenile delinquency. This study specifically examines disrupted caregiving, or receiving insufficient or substitute care, as a potential moderator in the relationship between offense status and caregiver-child relationship quality. Four distinct moderators were tested: gender of caregiver, biological relationship between caregiver and child, number of times the youth has changed caregivers, and child maltreatment history. Results indicate that juvenile sexual offenders have particularly poor relationships with their primary caregivers, and that caregiver gender, biological relationship between caregiver and child, and child maltreatment history act as moderators. Thus, while juvenile sexual offenders in general have poor relationships with their caregivers, those with male caregivers and those who have experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, have relationships that are even worse. In contrast, sexual offenders raised by non-biological caregivers showed better relationship quality than did youth raised by their biological parents. These findings suggest opportunities for early intervention, before caregiving is disrupted. Furthermore, additional supports may be offered to youth whose family structures suggest that they may be at increased risk.
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Lacefield, Katharine. "Non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity in heterosexual and gay college students." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4619.
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The present study examined 100 gay and lesbian (LG) college students and 100 heterosexual students to determine whether group differences existed in frequency of and anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity. Non-erotic cognitive distractions is a descriptive term to include both self-evaluative behaviors related to physical performance and body image concerns, as well as additional cognitive distractions (e.g., contracting an STI or emotional concerns) during sexual activity. Participants, matched on gender (96 males and 104 females), age, and ethnicity, completed questionnaires assessing frequency and associated anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity, as well as measures of additional variables (e.g., religiosity and self-esteem). Results indicated that LG participants experience significantly more cognitive distractions and concomitant anxiety related to body image, physical performance, and contracting a disease or illness during sexual activity. With regard to gender differences, men reported more distractions related to contracting a disease or illness than women. An interaction effect was observed between sexual orientation and gender for body image-, disease-, and external/emotional-based distractions. It also was found that gay men, lesbians, and heterosexual women reported significantly more body image concerns than straight men. Implications of these findings are discussed.ID: 028916910; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-126).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Clinical Psychology
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DEAN, JUDITH CAROL HICKMAN. "PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT AND SEXUAL FUNCTION IN FEMALE SURVIVORS OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184230.
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This study examined differences in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function between female survivors of Hodgkin's disease and a control group of recently diagnosed but untreated cancer patients. The Hodgkin's disease survivors were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether they had retained ovarian functioning following their cancer therapy. Differences among the three groups were examined on variables consisting of the principal components derived from scores on the: Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI); Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). These variables included: DSFI (General background and sexual functioning, Attitudes and feelings, and Information and Drive); BSI (General distress, and Somatic anxiety); and PAIS (General social functioning, and Health care orientation). No statistically significant differences in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function were found among the three groups. Additional analyses suggested that women who required therapeutic abortions to terminate pregnancies (existing at their diagnosis or occurring while they were receiving cancer treatment) had greater problems in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function than those who did not require abortions.
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Matosian, Amy. "Assumptive worlds of female childhood sexual abuse victims." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2890.
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The results of this study revealed that despite the childhood sexual abuse event, the victims were able to change their views in a positive direction with regard to the benevolence of the world and people as they marched through life and presumably experienced positive events.
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Haldeman, Kristi Beaughan. "Testing of the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire in a population of women with breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276663.
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A descriptive study was conducted with the purpose of refining the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire (SAQ) and further establishing reliability and validity. Twelve women receiving treatment for breast cancer and 22 women who were at least three months post-treatment for breast cancer voluntarily participated in the research study. Each was administered the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that the SAQ in its entirety was internally consistent. Repatterning of sexual behavior subsequent to having breast cancer did not occur in either group of women. Both the women receiving cancer treatment and those post-treatment experienced a noticeable change in their sexual behavior since having cancer.
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Carter, Megan N. "Adult and Juvenile Sexual Offenders: The Use of Violence and Fantasies." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1719.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a widespread and devastating problem in our society. Definitional challenges result in a broad range of prevalence rates for CSA varying from 60/0 to 62% for females and 30/0 to 31 % for males (Finkelhor, Araji, Baron, Browne, Peters, & Wyatt, 1986). Although CSA affects our nation's children in epidemic proportions, researchers have found little conclusive evidence regarding CSA precursors.
One promising area for exploring the etiology of CSA may be the differential patterns of sexual fantasies in juvenile and adult sex offenders. Abel, Becker, Mittleman, Cunningham-Rathner, Rouleau and Murphy (1987) found that more than 40% of non-familial child molesters reported the development of deviant sexual fantasies prior to sexually offending. Despite variations in offender subgroups, Marshall, Barbaree and Eccles (1991) found that 22% of the offenders experienced deviant fantasies prior to their first sexual offense. Unfortunately, the literature in this area has been quite limited despite its potential.
Understanding offender similarities and differences in adult and juvenile populations may be important due to the large proportion of the offender population who begin sexually offending as juveniles and due to the treatment modalities that may be implemented for developmentally different offenders. As many as 500/0 of adult sex offenders have reported sexually deviant behavior beginning in adolescence (Becker, 1988; Ferhenbach, Smith, Monastersky & Deisher, 1986; Marshall, Barbaree, & Eccles, 1991). Juveniles have also been identified as perpetrators in more than half of all cases (Fehrenbach, Smith, Monastersky, & Deisher, 1986).
This study investigates the relationship between offenders' sexual fantasies and their use of physical force to sexually offend. This investigation was also designed to examine the similarities and differences between adult and adolescent sexual offenders on these dimensions. Findings reveal an empirical relationship between offenders' fantasies and behaviors in sexual offending. It is anticipated that additional knowledge regarding potential relationships between fantasies and behaviors will assist in assessing and intervening with accused and convicted sexual offenders. Potential implications for clinical assessment and intervention into sexual abuse are discussed as well as the potential for understanding maintenance factors in the continuation of sexual abuse.
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Fernández, Ana María. "Asymmetries among homosexual men and women in subjective distress to sexual and emotional infidelity: A critical test of evolutionary hypothesis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1616.
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Ma, Yee-man Ellen, and 馬綺文. "Developmental trauma in Chinese children with repeated familial physical and sexual abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45588521.
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Dourambeis, Nicola. "Sexual harassment : the disparity between abstract definitions and university students' experiences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37202.pdf.
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Ebden, Tiffany. "Versions of virginity : an exploration of university students' narrative accounts of first sexual experience." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007797.
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The research assumes a narrative constructionist and feminist perspective in order to explore stories concerning men and women's first sexual experience. Such a metatheoretical stance is concerned with the ways that lives are constructed and storied through language. There is a concern for the myriad voices, both personal and social, that speaks through individuals' stories and for the manner in which these voices are represented. Three men and three women were interviewed to elicit narratives of first sexual experience. The analysis of interview transcripts tells first sexual experience as a rite of passage described in terms of certain mythic elements. That is, the experience of first sex concerns three stages. Firstly the individual is detached from the experience of sex while still a virgin. Secondly the experience itself is one that is ineffable and diffuse. Thirdly the individual must make sense of the experience. Participants' experience could be characterised as containing elements of demonic, heavenly or earthly myths about sexual relationships: demonic elements concerned the base , physical and painful experiences of first sex; the myth of heavenly love emphasises the mental and emotional connection between partners; an earthly myth tells sex as a predestined meeting of two partners. The manner in which stories were constructed was different for male and for female participants, and these differences have implications for the power dynamics at play between genders in the context of sexual interaction, especially first sex. Further the research's storied and ritualised approach to these gender differences suggests the performative aspect of gender.KMBT_363
Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Monk, Michelle Colleen. "The Effects of Sexually-Explicit and/or Violent Stimuli on the Use of Physical or Sexual Coercion Within Dating Relationships." Diss., University of Iowa, 1994. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5365.
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Parisien, Lynne S. "Anxiety and coping of female counselling students : responses to sexual, physical abuse and role conflict." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28907.
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The focus of this study was an examination of the anxiety level and coping processes of female counselling students when confronted with a client who has either been sexually abused, physically abused, or who is experiencing role conflict. It was hypothesized that students who were exposed to a sexually abused client would demonstrate a significant increase in anxiety and poorer coping processes than the comparison groups. Coping processes were construed as coping thoughts (the relationship between negative and positive self-statements), and operationalized as the proportion of negative self-statements to total self-statements. It was further expected that there would be a moderate, positive correlation between anxiety and relative negative self-statement scores after viewing the client videos. Sixty female volunteer counselling psychology students (M age 35.8) at the University of British Columbia were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: exposure to a video presentation of a client who had either been sexually abused, physically abused, or was experiencing role conflict. Each student completed the State Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the thought-listing procedure before and after viewing the client. Data were analyzed by two repeated measures, 2-way (group x time) ANOVAs, with anxiety and relative negative self-statement scores as the dependent variables. A Pearson product-moment correlation was also conducted between these two variables at post-test. The ANOVAs revealed no significant differences between the three groups from pre- to post-video, and, unexpectedly, the relative negative self-statement scores decreased for all groups. A positive correlation but of low magnitude was found between anxiety and relative negative self-statement scores (r=.21, p<.05). Because of the unexpected results, and based on findings from the literature, post-hoc analysis was carried out A repeated measures ANOVA with positive self-statements as the dependent variable revealed a group x time interaction that approached significance, F(2,60)=2.20, p.<.12. Post-hoc Scheffe's tests (p<.05) indicated that the sexual abuse group increased these positive self-statements more than the comparison groups. Data were also examined from the perspective of Schwartz and Garamoni's (1986) States of Mind model. These findings coupled with data from the ancillary questionnaires suggested that students were functioning from a position of grandiosity with respect to their counselling ability with adult survivors of sexual abuse. There was also some indication that at least some students who had been sexually abused themselves were in a state of denial in relation to the effects of their own abuse.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Phelan-McAuliffe, Debra. "Male Sexual Aggression and Humor Response." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501074/.
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The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of sexually aggressive behavior through the examination of humor appreciation among male undergraduates. As compared to nonaggressive males, sexually aggressive males showed a significantly greater appreciation for humor which negatively stereotyped females, portrayed prejudicial views of rape-and rape victims, and contained content related to male sex drive and virility. Differences in humor appreciation were also found for males with high sex drive. Additional findings included correlations between aggressive drive and sexually aggressive status, as well as between sex drive and likelihood to rape.
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Brandt, Sheldon. "Clinically significant change after cognitive restructuring for adult surviviors of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52164.
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Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the outcome of cognitive restructuring for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse in terms of clinically significant change. Twenty-six participants were assessed for depression, State anxiety, State anger, State guilt and self-esteem before and after 10 weekly sessions of group Rational-emotive behaviour therapy and at follow-up after 8 weeks. In contrast to a previous analysis of the data in terms of statistical significance indicating significant improvements on all variables from pre- to post-treatment, an analysis based on clinically significant change showed a differentiated treatment effect. Cognitive restructuring was found to be highly effective in facilitating recovery on measures of anxiety, depression and anger, but less effective for guilt and self-esteem. Only 3 participants (11.54%) recovered on all five variables, while 10 participants (38.46%) showed recovery on at least four variables. Relationship to perpetrator and pre-treatment irrational evaluative beliefs (measured by means of the Survey of Personal Beliefs) were found to be the best predictors of treatment outcome. A poor response to treatment was associated with the perpetrator being a close family member and with more Otherdirected Shoulds, while recovery was associated with the perpetrator being a friend or stranger and with more Awfulizing, Self-directed Shoulds and Negative Self-worth beliefs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die uitkoms van kognitiewe herstrukturering, as behandelingsprosedure VIr volwasse slagoffers van kindermolesteuring, in terme van kliniese betekenisvolheid ondersoek. Sesen- twintig deelnemers is voor en na behandeling (10 weeklikse groepsessies van Rasioneelemotiewe gedragsterapie) en by opvolg na 8 weke in terme van depressie, Staat-angs, Staat-woede, Staat-skuldgevoelens en selfwaarde geassesseer. In 'n vorige analise van die data in terme van statistiese betekenisvolheid is betekenisvolle verbetering na behandeling op al die veranderlikes gevind. 'n Heranalise van die data in terme van kliniese betekenisvolheid toon egter 'n gedifferensieerde behandelingseffek. Daar is gevind dat kognitiewe herstrukturering hoogs effektief was om herstel in terme van angs, depressie en woede te fasiliteer, maar minder effektief was ten opsigte van skuld en negatiewe selfwaarde. Slegs 3 patiente (11.54%) het klinies betekenisvol op al vyfveranderlikes verbeter, terwyl 10 pasiente (38.46%) op minstens vier veranderlikes herstel het. Die pasient se verhouding tot die molesteerder en irrasionele kognisies voor behandeling (gemeet met die Survey of Personal Beliefs) was die beste voorspellers van behandelingsuitkoms. 'n Swak respons op behandeling het verb and getoon met 'n naby familielid as molesteerder en met meer Ander-gerigte Eise, terwyl herstel geassosieer het met 'n vriend of vreemdeling as molesteerder en met die irrasionele kognisies van Katastrofering, Self-gerigte Eise en Negatiewe Selfbeoordeling.
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Hassan, Neil Ryan. "Predicting sexual sensation seeking : the third variable effect of time spent on the internet." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86705.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The most commonly searched for topic on the internet revolve around sexuality. These searches, known as online sexual pursuits, may be influenced by one’s personality traits, such as sexual sensation seeking (Kalichman et al., 1994), which has been associated with various sexual risk behaviours and could increase one’s chances of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and infections. It is therefore vital for researchers to examine the association between sexual sensation seeking and the internet. This study collected data from 336 participants who responded to instruments on an online survey which consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (Kalichman et al., 1994), the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), the Big Five Inventory (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008), the Real Me Questionnaire (Amichai-Humburger, Wainapel, & Fox, 2002), Klein’s Sexual Orientation Grid (Klein, 1993), and items associated with sexual risk behaviour (Mashegoane, Moalusi, Ngoepe, & Peltzer, 2002), online deception (Capri & Gorski, 2006; Stieger , Eichinger, & Honeder, 2009), and internet use. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, sexual compulsivity, sexual risk behaviour, and online self-disclosure were statistically significant (p < .05) predictors of sexual sensation seeking. The study used product-term regression analysis to examine the influence that time spent on the internet has on sexual sensation seeking and its relationship with the statistical predictors thereof. Three distinct third variables were used, namely, hours spent on the internet for work purpose (work hours), hours spent on the internet associated with online sexual pursuits (sexual hours), and hours spent on the internet for personal purposes (personal hours). Through the use of product-term regression analyses I was able to show that work hours as a third variable moderated the relationship between extraversion and sexual sensation seeking; work hours indirectly influenced sexual sensation seeking through sexual compulsivity; and that work hours as a third variable moderated the relationship between online self-disclosure and sexual sensation seeking. Furthermore, sexual hours as a third variable moderated the relationship between sexual compulsivity and sexual sensation seeking. Finally, I have shown that, within the sample, personal hours as a third variable moderated the relationship between sexual compulsivity and sexual sensation seeking; personal hours indirectly influenced sexual sensation seeking through sexual risk behaviour; and personal hours indirectly influenced sexual sensation seeking through online self-disclosure. It thus seems that time spent online influences sexual sensation seeking. It is advised that internet use policies be put in place to establish and maintain a professional culture within the workplace, and to ensure that job performance is consistently met. Internet software packages may be used to identify and report unauthorized online activity, and monitor hours spent online in order to identify individuals who may require treatment with regards to problematic internet use, sexual compulsivity, and inappropriate sexual behaviour in the workplace. Furthermore, the results of this study highlight the internet’s influence on the relationship between sexual compulsivity and sexual sensation seeking, and as such, may be of interest to sex therapists and counsellors in the field of hypersexuality. Finally, corporations, university officials, and youth and sexual health organisations may want to create awareness and provide educational resources with regards to the health risks associated with exploring sexuality via the internet.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Temas wat rondom seksualiteit gefokus is, is die mees algemeenste onderwerp wat op die internet nagevors word. Hierdie internet soeke, naamlik aanlyn seksuele strewe, word deels beïnvloed deur persoonlikheids-eienskappe, soos seksuele sensasiesoeke. Verder, seksuele sensasiesoeke is geassosieer met ‘n wye reeks riskante seksuele gedrag en kan die kanse tot seksueel oordraagbare siektes en infeksies verhoog. Hieruit volg dus die noodsaaklikheid dat navorsers die assosiasie moet ondersoek tussen seksuele sensasiesoeke en die internet. In ‘n aanlyn-opname is data van 336 respondente versamel deur die gebruik van instrumente soos 'n demografiese vraelys, Seksuele Sensasiesoekende Skaal (Kalichman et al., 1994), Seksuele Kompulsiwiteit Skaal (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), Groot-Vyf Inventaris (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008), Ware Ek Vraelys (Amichai-Humburger, Wainapel, & Fox, 2002), Klein se Seksuele Oriëntasie Rooster (Klein, 1993), en items wat verband hou met riskante seksuele gedrag (Mashegoane, Moalusi, Ngoepe, & Peltzer, 2002), aanlynmisleiding (Capri & Gorski, 2006; Stieger , Eichinger, & Honeder, 2009), en internetgebruik. Resultate van 'n meervoudige regressie-analise het aangedui dat ekstraversie, pligsgetrouheid, welgevalligheid, neurotisisme, seksuele kompulsiwiteit, riskante seksuele gedrag, en aanlyn self bekendmaking statisties beduidende (p < .05) voorspellers van seksuele sensasiesoeke is. Hierdie studie het produk-term regressie-analise (toets vir interaksie met behulp van meervoudige regressie) gebruik om die derde veranderlik van tyd wat op die internet gespandeer word te analiseer met betrekking tot die verhouding tussen seksuele sensasiesoeke en die statistiese voorspellers van seksuele sensasiesoek. Die derde veranderlike bestaan uit drie verskillende kategorieë naamlik, ure wat aanlyn gespandeer is vir werksdoeleindes (werksure), ure wat op die internet gespandeer is wat verband hou met aanlyn seksuele strewe (seksuele ure), en ure wat aanlyn vir persoonlike doeleindes gespandeer is (persoonlike ure). Resultate dui daarop neer dat werksure die verhouding tussen ekstraversie en seksuele sensasiesoeke gemodereer het, werksure het seksuele sensasiesoeke indirek gebeïnvloed deur seksuele kompulsiwiteit, en dat werksure die verhouding tussen aanlyn selfbekendmaking en seksuele sensasiesoeke gemodereer het. Verder het seksuele ure die verhouding tussen seksuele kompulsiwiteit en seksuele sensasiesoeke gemodereer. Persoonlike ure het die verhouding tussen seksuele kompulsiwiteit en seksuele sensasiesoeke gemodereer, persoonlike ure het seksuele sensasiesoeke indirek gebeïnvloed deur riskante seksuele gedrag, en persoonlike ure het seksuele sensasiesoeke indirek beïnvloed deur aanlyn selfbekendmaking. Dit blyk derhalwe dat die tyd wat op die internet gespandeer word het 'n invloed op seksuele sensasiesoeke. Daar word voorgestel dat beperkende beleidsriglyne binne internetgeledere ingestel word ten einde ‘n professionele kultuur binne die werkplek te verseker. Internet-programme kan gebruik word om ongemagtigde internet-aktiwiteit te identifiseer en aan te meld, aanlyntyd te kontroleer en persone te identifiseer vir moontlike behandeling vir internetverwante probleme, seksuele kompulsiwiteit en ontoepaslike seksuele gedrag binne die werkplek. Voorts fokus hierdie studie op die invloed van die internet met betrekking tot die verhouding tussen seksuele kompulsiwiteit en seksuele sensasiesoeke, en kan van beduidende belang wees vir seksterapeute en beraders wat spesialiseer in die veld van hiperseksualiteit. Ten slotte skep hierdie studie ‘n platform vir organisasies, universiteite, jeug- en seksuele gesondheidsorganisasies om bewustheid en programme te bevorder wat die gesondheids-risiko’s aanspreek wat verband hou met seksuele strewe op die internet.
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Vasiga, Michelle Janet. "The influence of gender pairing of perpetrator and victim on perceptions of sexual harassment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1860.
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The influence of gender pairing of perpetrator and victim on students' perceptions of the degree of severity and offensiveness of sexual harassment, as well as the degree of likelihood of the scenarios depicting sexual harassment occurring in an actual work setting were investigated.
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Kennedy, Jillian, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effect of sexual arousal on risky decision-making / Gillian Kennedy." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3056.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual arousal is likely an important situational factor in date rape. Research shows that
sexual arousal increases self-reported willingness to engage in sexually aggressive
behaviour. Chapter One reviews the situational, perpetrator, and victim characteristics of
date rape. Chapter Two describes an experiment that examined the effect of sexual
arousal on measures of decision-making, including Risky Choice Task, Balloon
Analogue Risk Task, Future Discounting, and on a measure of Viewing Time.
Participants were 20 heterosexual men and 22 heterosexual women 18 to 25 years old.
Results revealed that sexually aroused women preferred higher variance options
compared to women who were not, and the opposite was observed for men. No other
significant effects were observed. Chapter Three describes Experiment 2 which included
another neutral condition and a measure of sexual decision-making. Results revealed no
effect of condition on behavioural or sexual decision-making, nor on viewing times.
Chapter Four provides a general discussion and directions for future research.ix, 156 leaves; 29 cm
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Allen, Carrie Elizabeth, and Cheryl Marie Hughes. "The effect of a lesbian woman's coming-out experience on her psychological well-being." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1926.
Full textAbstract:
This study was performed to provide social workers with knowledge about the psychosocial risks of a lesbian client's coming-out event. A survey was administered consisting of 22 questions and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D).
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Baldwin, Carol L. (Carol Louise). "Dissociation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Who Have Experienced Trauma and Sexual Assault." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332592/.
Full textAbstract:
The relation between dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated in women who had experienced trauma or sexual assault. Subjects were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Sexual Experiences Scale (SES), and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I). Subjects were grouped according to their scores on the SES and the PTSD-I. Analysis of variance revealed a relation between DES scores and PTSD symptom severity scores. Correlational analyses showed a relation between dissociative symptoms and PTSD symptom severity but not recency of trauma. Three factors from a previously published factor analysis of the DES were found to contribute to the DES scores of PTSD subjects.
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Lalos, Ann. "Psychological and social aspects of tubal infertility : a longitudinal study of infertile women and their men." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46966.
Full textAbstract:
All thirty women who were to undergo microsurgical treatment for tubal infertility in 1981 and their men were investigated. Over a period of 2 years four interviews were performed with the women and two with their men. A questionnaire, semistructured interviews, symptom checklist and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were used. During this longitudinal study the couples' background, current situation and emotional and social impact of the infertility problem were investigated. The psychological and social effects of the medical investigation and treatment have been described. Expectations and hopes about the future after unsuccessful surgical treatment and the need of professional psychosocial counselling have been noted. Furthermore, the extent of psychological reactions compatible with a crisis pattern has been identified and classified. Finally, overt motives for having a child have been studied. The infertile couples generally did not differ with respect to psychosocial background, current life situation, psychiatric anamnesis or personality characteristics when compared with apparently normal reference groups. Several deleterious emotional and social effects of the infertility were found both before and 2 years after the surgical treatment. The women admitted to suffering such effects more frequently than the men. The partners' feeling for each other were getting worse 2 years after the operation. There was also a tendency to a deterioration in opinions about marital relationships. Most of the mental symptoms recorded could be classified in terms of depression, guilt and isolation, which all are parts of the reactive phase of the common crisis pattern. The crisis of infertility, however, differs from the common traumatic crisis; it is more prolonged and there are often repeated crisis reactions. Negative effects on the couples' sexual life were reported by all individuals. The medical investigation and surgical treatment of infertility influenced the couples' mutual relationship and sexual life negatively. Intrapsychic and interpersonal motives of childwish were dominant among both women and men. A central motive was that a child is an ultimate expression of love between a man and a woman. The motives of the infertile couples generally did not differ from those of the reference groups. Most of the couples had difficulty in working their way through and finding a solution to their infertility problem by their own means. Relatives and friends failed to fulfil a supportive function. The importance of having the possibility of professional psychosocial counselling and support parallel with the investigation and treatment were stressed by all participants.digitalisering@umu
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Heusser, Shelly Lucien. "Mediating factors in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV Sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1398.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and an increased risk of engaging in unsafe behaviours during adulthood, including risky sexual practices. This study examined the relationship between CSA and adult HIV sexual risk behaviour among a sample of South African men who have sex with men (MSM). Potential pathological long-term mental health outcomes of CSA, including dissociation, sex-related substance abuse, depression, sexual compulsivity, impaired interpersonal communication, and over-reliance on submissive sexual scripts, were treated as variables mediating the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviour. Men frequenting a gay internet dating site were randomly selected to complete an electronic version of the anonymous survey. Results indicate that one-fourth of participants reported a history of CSA. Men with a history of unwanted sexual activity during childhood were more likely to report recreational substance abuse, sex-related substance abuse, sexual compulsivity, and adult revictimisation experiences. Men who were abused were also more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse compared to those who were not abused. Mediation analyses revealed that MSM who are survivors of CSA are particularly susceptible to drug abuse, sex-related drug abuse, and sexual compulsivity, and these sequelae in turn predict higher reported numbers of male sexual partners. The current data suggest that CSA is widespread among men at high risk for HIV infection, and that it may have a devastating influence on the quality of life and health risk behaviour of these men. These results also highlight the importance of mental health services and new approaches in HIV prevention for MSM who have been sexually abused as children. Further research is needed into the contextual factors of the childhood abuse experience which account for the variability in longterm negative mental health outcomes of CSA survivors.
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Ramrakha, Sandhya, and n/a. "The link between mental health problems and sexual risk taking in a general population sample." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090527.155127.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined whether mental health problems and sexual risk taking were associated in a general population sample and if so, the extent and direction of this association. The thesis begins with a review of theories of risk taking; sexual risk and mental health correlates; and the existing studies linking mental health and sexual risk taking. Three empirical studies were conducted.
Study One produced new evidence that a range of psychiatric disorders were linked to early sex (<16 years), risky sex (multiple partners and inconsistent condom use in the past year at age 21) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by the age of 21 years. Young people who present with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were also prone to early and risky sex and STIs. Second, depression, the single most common psychiatric problem in the population, was also associated with risky sex and STIs. The risk increased with comorbid psychiatric conditions.
Study Two addressed the issue of directionality, specifically examining if childhood behavioural and emotional problems and early adolescent psychiatric disorder predicted later sexual risk taking and STIs. Main findings showed that childhood antisocial behaviour increased the likelihood of risky and early sex, and that low levels of childhood anxiety increased the likelihood of later risky sex and having STIs. Involvement with delinquent peers mediated the association between childhood antisocial behaviour and risky and early sex. To a lesser degree, attachment to parents mediated the association between antisocial behaviour and early sex. These factors did not mediate the association between low levels of childhood anxiety and later sexual outcomes. No associations were found between adolescent psychiatric disorder and later sexual risk taking, with the exception of conduct disorder. However, it is important to note that by excluding the group who had early sex in order to establish temporality, other behaviours of interest exhibited by this group were also excluded.
The third study examined whether sexual risk taking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent mental health problems, addressing the issue of directionality in the other direction. Main findings showed that reports of early sex, multiple sex partners and STIs elevated the risk of later substance dependence disorders. Importantly, this association persisted after controlling for �baseline� levels of psychiatric disorder. Early sex also predicted later conduct disorder, even after controlling for prior conduct disorder. In contrast, early sex, multiple sex partners and acquisition of STIs were unrelated to later diagnoses of anxiety or depression. The significant associations with multiple sex partners and STIs were also shown for incident cases of substance dependence.
Moderation analyses revealed no differences between the sexes in any of the studies except in Study Three. Specifically, the association between multiple sex partners and substance dependence appeared to be stronger for males than females for up to 10 sex partners and substantially stronger for females than for males beyond ten sex partners.
The final chapter in this thesis reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the studies in this thesis before considering the implications of the results for theory, research and practice.
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Morais, Raissa Maria Bittencourt de. ""Eu tive que me reinventar": mulheres com lesão medular adquirida e modos de (re)construírem a si mesmas e a suas vidas sexuais." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2018. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/1042.
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This study aimed to understand how women who suffered an acquired spinal cord injury (re)construct themselves and their sexual lives. The medullary lesions (ML) are all injuries that affect the structures contained in the spinal canal and can lead to motor, sensory, autonomic and psychoaffective alterations. It is one of the situations that can most affect the life of any individual and that can bring with it many biopsychosocial repercussions. The research that serves as the basis to this dissertation is of qualitative character and is founded theoretically and methodologically in the writings of Michel Foucault and of other authors that dialogue with his thought. As methodological strategies, the Narrative Interviews and the Field Diary were used as tools for the construction of the narratives of the women with acquired spinal cord injury, which were analyzed through a descriptive analytics of the subject of Foucauldian inspiration. These analysis have pointed out that these women are crossed by diverse discursive formations, institutions, knowledge/power games that constitute them as capable of organizing their own methods and ways to perform a sexual life satisfactorily in the way it is possible to live it. The condition of woman, the exercise of a sexual life after a trauma or accident, and the way in which they act upon their subjectivity showed themselves as difficult paths; it is evident the importance of looking at sexuality as a dispositif; it is emphasized the existence of a society that considers certain bodies, and here the bodies with spinal cord injury, as abjects and the suffering experienced by each one of them is verified when faced with the change of an accepted body. Thus, in the narratives we find the certainty that women with acquired spinal cord injury are not considered as asexual, on the contrary, all of them reported experiencing - or having lived - one or more loving, affective and sexual relationships. We hope that our research will contribute to the broadening of women's voices and struggles as well as to the greater opening of spaces for dialogue on the subject of sexuality in what concerns people with physical disabilities, especially women with acquired spinal cord injuries.
adquirida (re)constroem a si mesmas e as suas vidas sexuais. As lesões medulares (LM) são todas as injúrias que acometem às estruturas contidas no canal medular podendo levar à alterações motoras, sensitivas, autonômicas e psicoafetivas. É uma das situações que mais pode afetar a vida de qualquer indivíduo e traz consigo inúmeras repercussões biopsicossociais. A pesquisa que deu base a esta dissertação é de cunho qualitativo e se fundamenta teórica e metodologicamente nos escritos de Michel Foucault e de outros autores que dialogam com o seu pensamento. Como estratégias metodológicas foram utilizadas as Entrevistas Narrativas e o Diário de Campo, como instrumentos para a construção das narrativas das mulheres com lesão medular adquirida, que foram analisadas através de uma analítica descritiva do sujeito de inspiração foucaultiana. Essas análises apontaram que essas mulheres são atravessadas por diversas formações discursivas, instituições, jogos de saber/poder que as constituem como capazes de agenciarem seus próprios métodos e caminhos para executar satisfatoriamente uma vida sexual do modo como é possível vivê-la. A condição de mulher, o exercício de uma vida sexual após um trauma ou acidente, e o modo pelos quais elas se subjetivam se mostraram caminhos difíceis; evidencia-se a importância de se olhar a sexualidade como um dispositivo; enfatiza-se a existência de uma sociedade que considera determinados corpos, e aqui os corpos com lesão medular, como abjetos e verificase o sofrimento vivido por cada uma delas ao se depararem com a mudança de um corpo aceito. Deste modo, nas narrativas encontramos a certeza de que as mulheres com lesão medular adquirida não se consideram assexuais, ao contrário, todas relataram vivenciar – ou já ter vivido – um ou mais relacionamentos amorosos, afetivos e sexuais. Esperamos que nossa pesquisa contribua para a ampliação das vozes e luta dessas mulheres assim como para a maior abertura de espaços de diálogos acerca da temática da sexualidade no recorte das pessoas com deficiências físicas adquiridas, em especial, das mulheres com lesões medulares adquiridas.
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Martins, Janaina da Mota. "O abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar: do segredo à elaboração." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1180.
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Considerado um grave problema social e de saúde pública, a violência sexual contra crianças se expressa de diversas formas incluindo o abuso sexual intrafamiliar. A problemática deste estudo circunscreve-se em torno das questões sobre o abuso sexual perpetrado por pai contra filhos (as). Respaldadas em questões e inquietações provocadas pela escuta clínica de crianças e adolescentes envolvidos em situações de violência sexual e suas famílias objetivamos estudar, dentro da
perspectiva psicanalítica, as repercussões na dinâmica da família, da revelação do abuso sexual intrafamiliar e as implicações para a criança. Participou da pesquisa a mãe de uma criança que sofreu abuso sexual praticado por seu pai biológico e revelou o fato à mãe depois de quase dois anos, encaminhadas à pesquisa pelo Centro de Referência Interprofissional na Atenção a Crianças e Adolescentes
Vítimas de Violência da Capital/Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco[TJPE]. Adotamos para a coleta de dados as entrevistas psicológicas semidirigidas, dentro da abordagem clínico-qualitativa, observando os cuidados éticos para a pesquisa com seres humanos; para a análise dos dados utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo, agrupando os fragmentos da entrevista em eixos temáticos para, então,
compreendê-los em seus núcleos de sentido. A nossa investigação mostrou que a revelação do abuso sexual infantil é um processo lento e gradual, que demanda um intenso trabalho psíquico para a criança e se desdobra na sua narrativa. Verificamos que a revelação do abuso sexual incestuoso não necessariamente promove alívio de início, podendo ser vivida de ameaçadora e dolorosa para a criança/adolescente,associada às angústias e fantasias, sendo capaz de se tornar mais difícil do que a própria experiência do abuso. Tanto a criança como membros da família quando decidem pela denúncia, são solicitados a falar sobre o que aconteceu em diferentes
instâncias, em sua maioria desarticuladas, obrigando-os a contarem, inúmeras vezes, como se deu o abuso, configurando-se numa verdadeira via-crúcis para a criança, principalmente. Observamos também que os dados analisados na entrevista demonstram que em relação à família, o processo de revelação leva a um período
de desestabilização exigindo do grupo disposição emocional para a elaboração e transformação. É possível dizer que nosso estudo corrobora achados de pesquisas anteriores, no que se refere às reações maternas perante a revelação, ficando evidente o sofrimento psíquico que as mães apresentam ao tomar conhecimento do fato, sendo necessário que recebam igual atenção e cuidado no decurso da
revelação, lembrando que ocupam um lugar significativo neste processo. No que se refere à revelação no contexto clínico, destacamos a importância do trabalho clínico e da figura do terapeuta intermediando a relação da criança com sua experiência de abuso, oferecendo a ela um ambiente seguro para criação de sentidos. Dessa
forma, esperamos que esta pesquisa tenha contribuído de alguma forma, para ampliar o debate em torno da problemática do abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar no campo da clínica e da academia.Considered a serious social and public health problem, sexual violence against children is expressed in various ways including the domestic sexual abuse. The problem of this study is localized around the issues of sexual abuse perpetrated by father against children. Based on issues and concerns caused by the clinic listening to children and adolescents involved in situations of sexual violence and their families aimed to study, within the psychoanalytic perspective, the impact on family dynamics, the development of intra-family sexual abuse and the implications for the child. Participated in the survey the mother of a child who suffered sexual abuse by her biological father and revealed the fact to mother after almost two years, referred to research by the Interprofessional Reference Center on Attention to Children and Adolescents Victims of Violence of Capital / Court of Justice of Pernambuco [TJPE]. We adopted for the collection of data the semi-directed psychological interviews, within the clinical-qualitative approach, observing the ethical guidelines for research with human beings; for the analysis of the data we use the Content Analysis[AC], grouping the interview fragments themes to then understand them in their core sense. Our research has shown that disclosure of child sexual abuse is a slow and gradual process that requires an intense psychic work for the child and unfolds in his narrative. We found that the revelation of incestuous sexual abuse does not necessarily promote early relief and can be lived in a threatening and painful for the child / adolescent, associated with anxieties and fantasies, being able to be more difficult than the experience of abuse. Both the child and family members when deciding the complaint, are asked to talk about what happened in different instances, mostly disjointed, forcing members to share, countless times, how was the abuse by setting up a true via-crucis for children mainly. We also note that the data analyzed in the interview show that in relation to the family, the process of revelation leads to a destabilizing period requiring the emotional disposition group for the development and transformation. It can tell that our study corroborates findings from previous research, with regard to maternal reactions to the disclosure, evidencing the psychological suffering that mothers have to take notice of the fact, and must receive equal attention and care in the course of revelation, noting that occupy a significant place in this process. As regards the disclosure in the clinical context, we emphasize the importance of clinical work and Therapist figure mediating the child relationship with his experience of abuse, offering a safe environment for creating senses. Thus, we hope that this research has contributed in some way to broaden the discussion around the issue of child sexual abuse assistance in the field of clinical and academic circles.
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Powers, Pamela Kay. "The Effect of Cognitive Development and Premarital Sexual Permissiveness on Adolescent Pregnancy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500562/.
Full textAbstract:
A literature review revealed 15 variables as commonly studied as associated with adolescent pregnancy. The research showed conflicting results in many of these areas. Twenty-one pregnant and 20 non-pregnant adolescents were tested using the Arlin Test of Formal Reasoning (ATFR) and the Reiss's Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale. Pregnant participants were expected to score lower than non-pregnant participants on the ATFR; and, the low permissives (based on responses to the Reiss's Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale) were expected to score higher than high permissives on the ATFR. However, the results did not support the hypotheses. Several areas were examined for exploratory purposes. There was a significant difference between high permissives and low permissives for parent/peer orientation for sexual behavior attitudes. Additional exploratory demographic information was collected using a General Information Questionnaire.
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Zivney, Olivia Ann. "The Effects of Child Sexual Abuse as Reflected in Rorschach Responses." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501160/.
Full textAbstract:
Research on child sexual abuse has been largely retrospective and anecdotal in nature, focusing on broad self-report measures of adjustment rather than on more explicit measures of psychopathology. Although there is general agreement that there are harmful effects, there is a lack of consistent empirical evidence. More specific measures, control groups, and larger Ns are needed to gain a clearer understanding. The present study examined Rorschach responses of sexually abused female children as associated with abuse characteristics. Rorschach responses of the sexually abused group were also compared with responses of female clinic controls. None of the a priori hypotheses predicting differences between the groups were supported.
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Gray, Stephen A. "Some psychometrically determined sequelae of sexual abuse in adolescent male victims." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/423.
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Currin, Lisa Natalie. "A journey with an abused child : a non-directive play therapy perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/434.
Full textAbstract:
The extensive amount of research conducted in the field of family violence internationally indicates that child abuse has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional development of children as well as having a profound effect on an individual’s psychological development and functioning in adult life. The aim of this research study was to describe the therapeutic process that unfolded with a seven year old allegedly abused female client within the framework of non-directive play therapy. The case was further contextualised utilising Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This study served to broaden the body of psychotherapeutic knowledge by means of meaningful qualitative enquiry. The client was referred for therapy because of severe emotional and behavioural problems following the alleged sexual abuse. The client was seen over a period of eight months and this included 11 sessions of non-directive play therapy, three parent interviews and psychometric assessments conducted by a colleague. The case study method was utilised in this study. To achieve the aim of the research, the methodology of choice was the descriptive dialogic case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the research subject for this study. The data collection and analysis were conducted according to Yin’s (1994) analytical generalisation, which consists of two main strategies: (a) using a theoretical framework as a guide to determine what data is relevant; and (b) developing a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating the data. Furthermore, the process of data analysis was aided by the use of guidelines proposed by Irving Alexander (1988) with Axline’s non-directive play therapy and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as the theoretical frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that plotting the play therapy sessions according to the framework of the four stages of play therapy was a particularly useful tool to monitor Michelle’s progression through the therapeutic process. This can be seen as a valuable application of a tool which can be used within the non-directive play therapy approach. Contextualising Michelle’s development according to the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was also found to be a valuable endeavour. According to her chronological age, Michelle should have been in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, but in reality Michelle was still struggling to strike a healthy balance between the terms of conflict of trust versus mistrust issues of the first stage. From a therapeutic point, this was an important exercise as it helped to inform the therapist and consequently, the therapeutic process. This research undertaking can be recognised as a positive demonstration of the value of non-directive play therapy (Virginia Axline) and Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development in the therapeutic process. In addition, this study has served to facilitate a more holistic understanding of the case study approach to research. Recommendations regarding future research undertakings that utilise the case study approach and methodology have been made. Key concepts: child abuse; family violence; non-directive play therapy; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development; analytical generalisation; case study research.
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VanderLaan, Doug P., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Elucidating the origins of heterosexual sex differences in mating psychology by examining the behaviour of homosexual men and women." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/674.
Full textAbstract:
Various competing theoretical frameworks have been invoked to explain heterosexual sex differences in mating psychology. Chapter One provides examples of such frameworks, details how considering both heterosexual and homosexual men and women can help identify the most tenable frameworks, and reviews previous research comparing the mating psychology of heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Chapter Two demonstrates the utility of this comparative method by examining the mate retention behaviour of heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Where heterosexual sex differences exist, the mate retention behaviour of homosexual men is largely sex-typical while that of homosexual women is sex-atypical. The significance of these results for explaining heterosexual sex differences in mate retention is discussed. Chapter Three discusses how the data presented and reviewed here might inform our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying mating psychology as well as the development of sexual orientation in men and women.x, 73 leaves ; 28 cm. --
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Young, Sharon Y. "Zookie: A program on self protection for pre-school age children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/389.
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Fritchel, Kellie Bree. "Mediators of self-destructive behaviors in women survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A structural model." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3364.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to examine the predictors of risky sexual behaviors and poor eating behaviors for women who experienced childhood sexual abuse, including family hardiness, and depression in a structural equation model. A second group of those who had not been sexually abused as children was also tested using the same structural equation model.
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Barrett, Susan. "Influences of the Mother-Daughter Relationship on Motivations for Sexual Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2767/.
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The influences of family relationship variables on motivations for adolescent sexual risk-taking were investigated. Previous research has linked these variables to adolescent sexual behavior, however, the nature of these links has not been specifically examined. Family variables were operationalized as child attachment to mother, parental support of each other, parental conflict strategies, and parental monitoring. Emotional motivations were operationalized as attachment and affiliation needs. The sample consisted of 40 single females ages 18 to22 recruited from a local pregnancy care center. Predictions that parent-child relationship and parental influence would predict emotional motivations for sexual risk-taking were not supported. The variable most highly related to sexual risk-taking, though not included in the model tested, was father's destructive conflict strategies. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.
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Davis, Mildred Ann. "Understanding Sexual Assault Survivors' Willingness to Participate in the Judicial System." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2094.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examined the relationship between support services for adult survivors of sexual assault and judicial outcomes. Specifically, this study explored survivors' willingness to participate in the judicial process. Although "victim unwilling to participate" is the primary reason given by the police for cases not progressing to prosecution, we know little about most aspects of survivors' willingness to participate in the judicial process, especially beyond initial reporting of the assault. The steps to prosecution are dependent on one another yet a survivor's willingness to participate in these steps is a fluid process. The primary research question explored was Are there clusters of survivors according to their responses to specific items on a Willingness to Participate scale? Additional research questions focused on differences among possible clusters of survivors. A semi-structured interview protocol was completed with 46 survivors of adult sexual assault. Cluster analysis was conducted and three clusters emerged. Findings suggest that support services were helpful to those who were highly willing to participate but that willingness was insufficient to influence judicial outcomes. Future research concerning judicial outcomes in sexual assault cases should focus on strategies to dispel myths about rape among survivors, within the judicial system, and with potential jurors as a means of improving both survivor participation and judicial outcomes.
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Pisanski, Katarzyna Alicja, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effects of voice pitch and resonances on assessments of speaker size, masculinity, and attractiveness." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2549.
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The human voice might have been shaped by sexual selection. Hence, voice fundamental (F0, or pitch) and formant frequencies (Fn, or timbre) are proposed to convey fitness cues germane to rivals and potential mates. First, I confirm the independent effects of F0 and Fn on listeners’ assessments of speaker size, masculinity, and attractiveness. Second, I quantify the just-noticeable differences in both vocal features and then place F0 and Fn cues in conflict by equally discriminable amounts to test their relative influence on such voice-based social judgments. Results revealed a greater relative role of Fn in listeners’ ratings of all three dimensions, suggesting that these dimensions might all be cued more reliably by Fn than F0. Alternatively, given post-hoc principal component analyses that revealed considerable overlap in ratings of size, masculinity, and attractiveness, listeners’ conceptions of these dimensions may not be independent despite a research tradition that assumes they are.xi, 102 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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McGuirl, Kerry Elizabeth. "Gender differences regarding the idealized sex partner." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115755.
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College student men (n = 185) and women (n = 244) rated how desirable certain characteristics are in an ideal sex partner within a long-term relationship. They reported personal beliefs and predictions about the other gender's preferences. Of the twenty-six items that comprised each measure, factor analyses yielded five subscales: Communication/Openness, Physical Attractiveness, Knowledge/Skill, Take Control, and Response/Drive. As hypothesized, men placed greater emphasis than did women on Physical Attractiveness and Response/Drive, whereas women, more than men, believed Knowledge/Skill was important. Men and women differed completely on what they thought was important to each other. Furthermore, men recognized that there were gender differences on all subscales but Knowledge/Skill, whereas women recognized gender differences on all subscales. When the actual responses of men and women were compared with the beliefs that each had about the other, results showed that both genders underestimated the importance the other placed on Communication/Openness and overestimated that of Physical Attractiveness. Results are discussed with regard to implications for counselors.Department of Psychological Science
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Brill, Robert T. "Reciprocal influence of subordinate reactions on the rating behavior, amount of supervision, and attributions of supervisors independent of actual performance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44703.
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One hundred and twenty six undergraduates were cast into a supervisory role in which they worked with a subordinate (confederate) for two twenty minute work sessions. Subjects were placed into one of nine conditions. Subordinate reaction (positive, negative, or none) and
subsequent performance (increased, decreased, or same) were manipulated by the confederate. Both reaction conditions were predicted to influence a leniency bias in the
supervisor's rating behavior, and either increase (negative reaction), or decrease (positive reaction) amount of supervision. Also, supervisors exposed to the positive reaction were hypothesized to provide more self attributions, while supervisors in the negative reaction
group should tend toward greater self-serving attributions. In addition, supervisor response to interpersonal attraction, conflict avoidance, and uncertainty scales were obtained. Both ratings and amount of supervision measures failed to yield significant results. Partial support was found for the attribution hypothesis, and differences on the interpersonal attraction scales were obtained for the experimental reaction conditions. Implications of the results and suggestions for possible research are discussed.Master of Science
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Orooji, Benjamin. "The Influence of Demographic and Personality Variables on Judgments about an Ambiguous Sexual Encounter between an Adult and Child." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/787.
Full textAbstract:
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Arts and Sciences
Psychology