Journal articles on the topic 'Sexual attraction – Physiological aspects'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sexual attraction – Physiological aspects.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sexual attraction – Physiological aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Miller, Eva, and Irma Marini. "Female Sexuality and Spinal Cord Injury: Counseling Implications." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.35.4.17.
Full textAbstract:
The following article is designed to identify and examine sexuality-related issues frequently experienced among females with SCI. Some of the widespread barriers and myths associated with SCI and female sexuality are Identified, followed by prevalent physiological concerns of SCI on female sexuality, including intercourse, birth control, and pregnancy. Common psychosocial aspects of SCI and female sexuality such as asexual attitudes toward persons with disabilities and concerns about body image are also discussed. Current models used to successfully work with persons who are experiencing sexual dysfunction are examined, with special emphasis on common problems among women with SCI. A five-step framework that can be used by counselors for identifying and addressing specific sexuality concerns among women with SCI, including attracting a partner, dating, and developing and maintaining long-term relationships are discussed.
2
Levitt, Heidi M. "A Psychosocial Genealogy of LGBTQ+ Gender: An Empirically Based Theory of Gender and Gender Identity Cultures." Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 3 (April 14, 2019): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319834641.
Full textAbstract:
In this invited article, I present an inclusive theory of gender that clarifies its interconnections with gender identity, gender expression, and sexuality. To support this functionalist theory, I summarize findings from an extensive body of mixed methods research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) genders in the United States. I use a feminist-intersectional lens to empirically base and historically situate a theory of gender that is grounded in research of LGBTQ+ communities (butch, femme, bear, leathermen, transgender, drag queens, and family/house systems). I define genders as either sets of personal qualities within a culture associated with physiological sex or sets of qualities that evolve in reaction to limitations of existing genders. The evolution of genders functions to meet needs in four domains: (1) psychological: an experience of fit between a core aspect of self and a gender construct; (2) cultural: the creation of an LGBTQ+ culture that asserts sets of gender characteristics, which were denied and stigmatized within preexisting cultural norms; (3) interpersonal: the communicating of affiliation and status to enhance safety; and (4) sexual: an erotic embodiment of signifiers of these needs via an aesthetic that structures sexual attraction. I detail how each function affects identity, security, belonging, and personal and social values. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
3
Richters, Juliet, Dennis Altman, Paul B. Badcock, Anthony M. A. Smith, Richard O. de Visser, Andrew E. Grulich, Chris Rissel, and Judy M. Simpson. "Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual experience: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships." Sexual Health 11, no. 5 (2014): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14117.
Full textAbstract:
Background Behavioural and other aspects of sexuality are not always consistent. This study describes the prevalence and overlap of same-sex and other-sex attraction and experience and of different sexual identities in Australia. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16–69 years recruited by landline and mobile phone random-digit dialling with a response rate (participation rate among eligible people) of 66.2%. Respondents were asked about their sexual identity (‘Do you think of yourself as’ heterosexual/straight, homosexual/gay, bisexual, etc.) and the sex of people with whom they had ever had sexual contact and to whom they had felt sexually attracted. Results: Men and women had different patterns of sexual identity. Although the majority of people identified as heterosexual (97% men, 96% women), women were more likely than men to identify as bisexual. Women were less likely than men to report exclusively other-sex or same-sex attraction and experience; 9% of men and 19% of women had some history of same-sex attraction and/or experience. Sexual attraction and experience did not necessarily correspond. Homosexual/gay identity was more common among men with tertiary education and living in cities and less common among men with blue-collar jobs. Many gay men (53%) and lesbians (76%) had some experience with an other-sex partner. More women identified as lesbian or bisexual than in 2001–02. Similarly, more women reported same-sex experience and same-sex attraction. Conclusion: In Australia, men are more likely than women to report exclusive same-sex attraction and experience, although women are more likely than men to report any non-heterosexual identity, experience and attraction. Whether this is a feature of the plasticity of female sexuality or due to lesser stigma than for men is unknown.
4
Tegoni, Mariella, Valérie Campanacci, and Christian Cambillau. "Structural aspects of sexual attraction and chemical communication in insects." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 29, no. 5 (May 2004): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2004.03.003.
Full text
5
Wormith, J. S. "Assessing deviant sexual arousal: Physiological and cognitive aspects." Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 8, no. 3 (January 1986): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(86)90001-9.
Full text
6
Agnew, Jeremy. "Some Anatomical and Physiological Aspects of Anal Sexual Practices." Journal of Homosexuality 12, no. 1 (March 7, 1986): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v12n01_04.
Full text
7
Fernández‐Guasti, Alonso, and Gabriela Rodríguez‐Manzo. "Pharmacological and physiological aspects of sexual exhaustion in male rats." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 44, no. 3 (June 27, 2003): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00343.
Full text
8
Mendel, Z., A. Protasov, P. Jasrotia, E. B. Silva, A. Zada, and J. C. Franco. "Sexual maturation and aging of adult male mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 4 (November 15, 2011): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000605.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe physiological age of adult males of seven mealybug species was measured in relation to the elongation of the male pair of the waxy caudal filaments. These filaments begin to emerge after eclosion and reached their maximum length from 29.4–46.6 h. The studied males were divided into three age groups, expressed as percentages of the total waxy caudal filaments length. Attraction to a sex pheromone source was significantly higher in the oldest male group (maximum filaments growth) compared with youngest one. Only the oldest male group copulated successfully; few of the younger males tested displayed 'courtship' behavior towards conspecific virgin females. The calculated duration of the sexually active phase of the adult male life cycle varied among species ranging from 34.4 to 46.6 h. There were marked variations in the strength of attraction to a pheromone source according to time of day. There was a continuous decrease in sexual activity from morning to evening. Our findings reveal clear maturation periods for adult males of the seven studied species. The long immature phase of the adult male mealybug is probably also related to several physiological processes that are needed to complete male maturation. The most noticeable change is the elongation of the waxy caudal filaments. However, mating may be performed at any time ambient conditions are suitable. Whereas male mealybug flight towards a pheromone source is restricted to a few hours, the male may continue mating activity throughout its sexually active period.
9
Ridner, S. Lee, Robert Topp, and Karen L. Frost. "Methodological Issues in Identifying Sexuality for Research." American Journal of Men's Health 1, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988306294609.
Full textAbstract:
Sexuality is a complex concept that can be measured based on various aspects. Depending on the variable of interest, investigators may wish to focus on sexual behavior (activity), sexual orientation (attraction to a particular gender), or sexual identity (self-identification with a particular group of people). Further complicating the process is the fact that these aspects of sexuality are not always congruent with one another. Lesbian, gay, and bisexuals (LGB) are sexual minorities that have been identified as one of several groups that experience health disparities. For researchers working with the LGB population, properly identifying and defining which aspect of sexuality is of interest to the investigator is paramount in obtaining accurate outcomes.
10
Halaris, Angelos. "Neurochemical Aspects of the Sexual Response Cycle." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 3 (March 2003): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900024445.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWhat drives the human sexual response cycle? The human sexual response cycle is a highly complex phenomenon that encompasses many transmitters and transmitter systems centrally and peripherally. The endocrine system is also intricately involved in the brain and in the periphery organs. Integration of these systems is a function of the nervous system that ultimately produces a vast array of cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses. Therefore, it is not surprising that a disturbance in even a single system will lead to dysfunction in one or more phases of the sexual response cycle. This article highlights the complex roles the aminergic system plays along with key hormones that are equally involved. The article also points out how rudimentary and fragmented our knowledge is in this field and how few controlled studies are available. The potential for development of specific agents that target selective sexual dysfunctions is exemplified in sildenafil, the first such agent ever to be brought to market.
11
Michaels, Stuart, and Brigitte Lhomond. "Conceptualization and measurement of homosexuality in sex surveys: a critical review." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 7 (July 2006): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000700002.
Full textAbstract:
This article reviews major national population sex surveys that have asked questions about homosexuality focusing on conceptual and methodological issues, including the definitions of sex, the measured aspects of homosexuality, sampling and interviewing technique, and questionnaire design. Reported rates of major measures of same-sex attraction, behavior, partners, and sexual identity from surveys are also presented and compared. The study of homosexuality in surveys has been shaped by the research traditions and questions ranging from sexology to the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Sexual behavior has been a central topic at least since Kinsey. Issues of sexual attraction and/or orientation and sexual identity have emerged more recently. Differences in the treatment of men and women in the design and analysis of surveys as well as in the reported rates in different surveys, in different countries and time periods are also presented and discussed. We point out the importance of the consideration of both methodological and social change issues in assessing such differences.
12
Dymond, Harriet, and Simon Duff. "Understanding the lived experience of British non-offending paedophiles." Journal of Forensic Practice 22, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-10-2019-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Research into paedophilia mainly uses offender samples; thus, little is understood about non-offending paedophiles. The limited body of research has been conducted in North America or Europe whose health and legal systems differ from those in the UK. Using semi-structured interviews, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of three non-offending British paedophilic males. Design/methodology/approach The interview discussed their paedophilia, refraining from offending and perspectives on treatment initiatives. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Three superordinate themes emerged: “paedophilia as more than a sexuality,” “acceptance leads to management” and “barriers to support.” These encapsulated how paedophilia was understood, how accepting one’s sexual attraction is tantamount to well-being and the various obstacles to providing support were discussed. Research limitations/implications Acknowledging the sampling considerations (size and recruitment), the results implicate research into paedophilia. The onset of paedophilia was chronologically associated with typical sexual attraction, and not the result of sexual abuse as some theories suggest. Furthermore, the tenets of attraction to children extending beyond sexual desire were highlighted. Practically, the results influence future research into the area and highlight the dearth in our understanding of diverse behavioural management techniques (i.e. computerised images of children or human-like dolls). Originality/value This paper presents novel insight into the aspects of paedophilia, excluding offensive behaviour and highlights the need for affordable, UK-based services targeted towards people with a paedophilic attraction to manage child sexual abuse preventatively and not reactively.
13
Snowden, Robert J., Ellen Fitton, Aimee McKinnon, and Nicola S. Gray. "Sexual Attraction to Both Genders in Ambiphilic Men: Evidence from Implicit Cognitions." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01552-6.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Ambiphilic (or bisexual) men describe feelings of sexual attraction to both men and women. However, physiological measures of arousal have failed to show a consistent pattern of arousal to both genders. We measured men’s automatic associations between the concept of sex (represented by words) and the concepts of men versus women (represented by images) via the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a priming task. On the IAT, gynephilic men (N = 32) were faster for women-sex pairings, androphilic men (N = 18) were faster for men-sex pairings, while ambiphilic men (N = 20) showed no bias toward either gender. We then isolated the concepts of “men” and “women” by comparing them separately against neutral images. In contrast to both the gynephilic or androphilic men, ambiphilic men showed sexual associations to both men and women. On the priming task, ambiphilic men showed faster responses to sex words, but slower responses to not-sex words, when primed with pictures of either men or women compared to when primed by neutral images. The results from all the experimental tasks suggest that ambiphilic men have a pattern of sexual association that is different from both gynephilic and androphilic men and represents a sexual attraction to both men and women.
14
Trionnaire, Gaël, Jim Hardie, Stéphanie Jaubert-Possamai, Jean-Christophe Simon, and Denis Tagu. "Shifting from clonal to sexual reproduction in aphids: physiological and developmental aspects." Biology of the Cell 100, no. 8 (August 2008): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bc20070135.
Full text
15
Alcalá, Raúl E., and César A. Domínguez. "Biología de las plantas carnívoras: aspectos ecológicos y evolutivos." Botanical Sciences, no. 60 (May 2, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1519.
Full textAbstract:
Carnivorous plants have the ability for attracting, catching, digesting and assimilating preys, through morphological and physiological specializations of theirs leaves. In this work we review some poorly studied aspects regarding the ecology of carnivorous plants, as well as, the selective pressures that have shaped the characteristic attributes of these plants. In particular, we emphasize those aspects related with the mechanisms of prey attraction, the selective value of capture, the existence of a trade-off between capture and pollination evolution, and the role of selective constraints on the evolution of the carnivorous habit.
16
Bawej, Izabela. "O kolorach miłości w języku polskim i niemieckim (Aspekty językowo-kulturowe)." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica, no. 14 (September 25, 2018): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9665.14.07.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes six basic colour terms and their connotations concerning love on the basis of love between a woman and a man by prism of Poles and Germans.The analysis covers selected expressions with a colour element connoted a feeling of liking someone combined with sexual attraction to answer following questions: What colour does love have in Polish and German? What are physiological sources of the symbolism of love’s colours in Polish and German culture? Is the perception of love similar or different in both languages?
17
Friederici, Angela D., and Ina Bornkessel. "Missing the syntactic piece." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 6 (December 2003): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03290166.
Full textAbstract:
The notion that the working-memory system is not to be located in the prefrontal cortex, but rather constituted by the interplay between temporal and frontal areas, is of some attraction. However, at least for the domain of sentence comprehension, this perspective is promoted on the basis of sparse data. For this domain, the authors not only missed out on the chance to systematically integrate event-related brain potential (ERP) and neuroimaging data when interpreting their own findings on semantic aspects of working memory, but also neglected syntactic aspects of working memory and computation altogether.
18
Hart, Roger J. "Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics." Physiological Reviews 96, no. 3 (July 2016): 873–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00023.2015.
Full textAbstract:
Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing. Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in conceiving for many couples. Furthermore, lifestyle factors may exacerbate a couple's difficulty in conceiving due mainly to the metabolic influence of obesity; however, the negative impacts of low peripheral body fat, excessive exercise, the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, and smoking all have significant negative effects on fertility. Other factors that impede conception are the perceived increasing prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is further exacerbated by obesity, and the presence of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (a progressive pelvic inflammatory disorder) which are more prevalent in older women. A tendency for an earlier sexual debut and to have more sexual partners has led to an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, there are several genetic influences that may limit the number of oocytes within the ovary; consequently, by postponing attempts at childbearing, a limitation of oocyte number may become evident, whereas in previous generations with earlier conception this potentially reduced reproductive life span did not manifest in infertility. Environmental influences on reproduction are under increasing scrutiny. Although firm evidence is lacking however, dioxin exposure may be linked to endometriosis, phthalate exposure may influence ovarian reserve, and bisphenol A may interfere with oocyte development and maturation. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recognized to lead to ovarian damage and predispose the woman to ovarian failure.
19
Phillips-Farfán, Bryan V., and Alonso Fernández-Guasti. "Endocrine, neural and pharmacological aspects of sexual satiety in male rats." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 33, no. 3 (March 2009): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.11.003.
Full text
20
Vigil, Jacob M., Lauren N. Rowell, and Charlotte Lutz. "Gender Expression, Sexual Orientation and Pain Sensitivity in Women." Pain Research and Management 19, no. 2 (2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/297060.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of literature investigating sex differences with regard to pain, surprisingly little research has been conducted on the influence of various aspects of self-identity, including gender expression and sexual orientation, on pain sensitivity within each sex, particularly among women. In men, dispositional femininity is linked to greater clinical pain and trait masculinity is associated with higher pain thresholds.OBJECTIVES: To examine whether gender expression and sexual orientation are associated with within-sex differences in ischemic pain sensitivity in healthy young women.METHODS: A convenience sample of 172 females (mean age 21.4 years; range 18 to 30 years of age; 56.0% white, 89% heterosexual) performed an ischemic pain task in counterbalanced order. Desired levels of dispositional femininity for a preferred romantic partner and self-described levels of personal dispositional femininity were measured.RESULTS: Compared with heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual women reported lower pain intensity ratings early in the discomfort task. Irrespective of sexual orientation, attraction to more feminine romantic partners and dispositional masculinity were correlated with lower pain intensity, and with higher pain thresholds and tolerance levels.DISCUSSION: These preliminary findings suggest that within-sex differences in sexual orientation and other aspects of identity, irrespective of biological sex, may be important to consider when examining experimental pain performance and clinical pain experiences.CONCLUSION: Larger investigations of the psychophysiological relationships among sexual orientation, gender expression and pain sensitivity are warranted. These findings may have implications for differences in clinical pain sensitivity of lesbian and bisexual women compared with heterosexual women.
21
Timilsina, Amit. "Intersecting Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health." Health Prospect 17, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v17i1.20564.
Full textAbstract:
Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health are well-studied with accolades of literature on each topic; however, their interrelationships have been under-described. Mental Health problems can be result of concurrent or past Sexual and Reproductive Health ill event and vice versa. This article presents intersection between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health based on available literature. Intersections between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health and their impacts can be studied through life course perspective and needs prioritized attention in case of Gender Based Violence and for people living with disability. The article highlights the importance to explore other aspects such as emotions, gender and sexuality associated with Mental Health and to study and understand physiological and psychological context between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health. It also stresses the need of further research on intersection between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health.
22
Erland, Lauren A. E., Praveen K. Saxena, and Susan J. Murch. "Melatonin in plant signalling and behaviour." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 2 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16384.
Full textAbstract:
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurotransmitter that has recently become well established as an important multi-functional signalling molecule in plants. These signals have been found to induce several important physiological responses that may be interpreted as behaviours. The diverse processes in which melatonin has been implicated in plants have expanded far beyond the traditional roles for which it has been implicated in mammals, which include sleep, tropisms and reproduction. These functions, however, appear to also be important melatonin mediated processes in plants, though the mechanisms underlying these functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Mediation or redirection of plant physiological processes induced by melatonin can be summarised as a series of behaviours including, among others: herbivore defence, avoidance of undesirable circumstances or attraction to opportune conditions, problem solving and response to environmental stimulus. As the mechanisms of melatonin action are elucidated, its involvement in plant growth, development and behaviour is likely to expand beyond the aspects discussed in this review and hold promise for applications in diverse fundamental and applied plant sciences including conservation, cryopreservation, morphogenesis, industrial agriculture and natural health products.
23
Bernardo-Filho, Mario, Sebastião David Santos-Filho, Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca, Kevin Carter, and Sotiris Missailidis. "Nuclear medicine procedures for the evaluation of male sexual organs: a brief review." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, spe (December 2008): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000700004.
Full textAbstract:
Sexuality consists of three aspects that are interrelated and inseparable, biological, physiological and social. The biological aspect considers the individual's capability to give and to receive pleasure. In consequence, it covers the functionality of the sexual organs and the physiology of human sexual response cycle. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been used to evaluate clinical disorders of the male reproductive system. PET and SPECT procedures basically involve the administration of a radiopharmaceutical that has a higher uptake in a specific tumor or tissue. The aim of this brief review is to present some radiopharmaceuticals that have been used in the clinical evaluation of the male sexual organs (testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis) related with male sexuality. This information could be useful in better understanding the male sexual response cycle, as well as the sexual disorders, when considering the male sexual organs and the pelvic floor. Moreover, the findings obtained with PET and SPECT imaging could help to evaluate the efficacy of clinical results of therapeutic procedures. In conclusion, the knowledge from these images could aid in better understanding the physiology of the different organs related with sexuality. Furthermore, they could be important tools to evaluate the physiological integrity of the involved organs, to improve clinical strategies and to accompany the patients under treatment.
24
Wee, S. L., M. Z. Abdul Munir, and A. K. W. Hee. "Attraction and consumption of methyl eugenol by male Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae) promotes conspecific sexual communication and mating performance." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000554.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Artocarpus fruit fly, Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an oligophagous fruit pest infesting Moraceae fruits, including jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamarck), a fruit commodity of high value in Malaysia. The scarcity of fundamental biological, physiological and ecological information on this pest, particularly in relation to behavioural response to phytochemical lures, which are instrumental to the success of many area-wide fruit fly control and management programmes, underpins the need for studies on this much-underrated pest. The positive response of B. umbrosa males to methyl eugenol (ME), a highly potent phytochemical lure, which attracts mainly males of many Bactrocera species, was shown to increase with increasing age. As early as 7 days after emergence (DAE), ca. 22% of males had responded to ME and over 50% by 10 DAE, despite no occurrence of matings (i.e. the males were still sexually immature). Male attraction to ME peaked from 10 to 27 DAE, which corresponded with the flies’ attainment of sexual maturity. In wind-tunnel assays during the dusk courtship period, ME-fed males exhibited earlier calling activity and attracted a significantly higher percentage of virgin females compared with ME-deprived males. ME-fed males enjoyed a higher mating success than ME-deprived males at 1-day post ME feeding in semi-field assays. ME consumption also promotes aggregation behaviour in B. umbrosa males, as demonstrated in wind-tunnel and semi-field assays. We suggest that ME plays a prominent role in promoting sexual communication and enhancing mating performance of the Artocarpus fruit fly, a finding that is congruent with previous reports on the consequences of ME acquisition by other economically important Bactrocera species.
25
Handgraaf, Sandra, and Jacques Philippe. "The Role of Sexual Hormones on the Enteroinsular Axis." Endocrine Reviews 40, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 1152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2019-00004.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSex steroid estrogens, androgens, and progesterone, produced by the gonads, which have long been considered as endocrine glands, are implicated in sexual differentiation, puberty, and reproduction. However, the impact of sex hormones goes beyond these effects through their role on energy metabolism. Indeed, sex hormones are important physiological regulators of glucose homeostasis and, in particular, of the enteroinsular axis. In this review, we describe the roles of estrogens, androgens, and progesterone on glucose homeostasis through their effects on pancreatic α- and β-cells, as well as on enteroendocrine L-cells, and their implications in hormonal biosynthesis and secretion. The analysis of their mechanisms of action with the dissection of the receptors implicated in the several protective effects could provide some new aspects of the fine-tuning of hormonal secretion under the influence of the sex. This knowledge paves the way to the understanding of transgender physiology and new potential therapeutics in the field of type 2 diabetes.
26
Breygina, Maria, and Ekaterina Klimenko. "ROS and Ions in Cell Signaling during Sexual Plant Reproduction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 9476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249476.
Full textAbstract:
Pollen grain is a unique haploid organism characterized by two key physiological processes: activation of metabolism upon exiting dormancy and polar tube growth. In gymnosperms and flowering plants, these processes occur in different time frames and exhibit important features; identification of similarities and differences is still in the active phase. In angiosperms, the growth of male gametophyte is directed and controlled by its microenvironment, while in gymnosperms it is relatively autonomous. Recent reviews have detailed aspects of interaction between angiosperm female tissues and pollen such as interactions between peptides and their receptors; however, accumulated evidence suggests low-molecular communication, in particular, through ion exchange and ROS production, equally important for polar growth as well as for pollen germination. Recently, it became clear that ROS and ionic currents form a single regulatory module, since ROS production and the activity of ion transport systems are closely interrelated and form a feedback loop.
27
Gürsoy, Elif, and Gülsen Vural. "Nurses' and Midwives' Views on Approaches to Hymen Examination." Nursing Ethics 10, no. 5 (September 2003): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300301000505.
Full textAbstract:
Premarital sexual relations are unacceptable for women within Turkish society's understanding and perception of honour. If there is any suspicion about virginity, young girls are forced to undergo hymen examination against their will, which frequently results in attemped suicide. The most frequent cause of suicide in young Turkish girls is hymen examination. Nurses and midwives are always involve in this procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of and approaches to hymen examination by nurses and midwives. Of those who participated in this study, 80.2% had been present during a hymen examination, 40.4% indicated that virginity had a special significance in the society owing to social pressures, and 37.5% indicated that they agreed with the view that the idea of virginity puts restraints on a woman's sexual life, whereas sexual activity is a physiological need. They also indicated their opposition to hymen examination imposed without the individual's consent. They agreed that stopping this practice depended more on the social structural changes required than on legal measures.
28
Juma, Farooq T. "The effects of Nigella sativa oil administration on some physiological and histological values of reproductive aspects of rats." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35, no. 2 (December 29, 2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v35i2.576.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa (Ns) oil on reproductive values, some hematological parameters serum biochemical characteristics, some sexual hormones concentration and histological changes of treated and normal male reproductive organs. The experiment (1) dealt with 20 males and 20 female rats at 21 days of age, 10 rats of each sex were giving orally Ns oil at the rate of 1ml/kg/day for 30 days and the others left as a control group. Insignificant changes were occurred in hematological parameters except the white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly increased in treated groups (P<0.05). The treated groups showed significant increases in total protein and significant decreases in total cholesterol liver enzymes markedly increased in treated rats Significant increases in the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone for males and LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone for females were recorded. The experiment (2) dealt with effects of Ns oil on 20 adult males and 20 adult female rats that were given same dose of Ns oil for 30 days. There were significant increase in litter size and weight of rats born in treated groups. The experiment (3) dealt with the effects of Ns oil on castrated males fifteen adult rats were divided equally into 3 groups, two groups were castrated while, the third group was left as a control group; one castrated group was treated with same dose of Ns oil for 30 days, there were significant increases in serum testosterone concentration and weight of accessory glands in treated group. Histological changes in the accessory glands of treated groups were evident.In conclusion, the administration of 1ml/kg/day of Ns oil stimulated the secretion of sexual hormones that led to improve protein synthesis of hepatic enzymes, white blood cells count and decrease the serum cholesterol concentration in blood
29
Borghi, Chiara, and Lucio Dell'Atti. "Tadalafil once daily: Narrative review of a treatment option for female sexual dysfunctions (FSD) in midlife and older women." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 89, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2017.1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Female Sexual Disorders (FSD) include a complex, multidimensional, individual experience that can change as an individual age, suggesting that these problems are caused by multiple factors including psychosocial factors, personal relationships, pathologic changes caused by diseases, and pharmacologic influences. Menopause is an important time for middle aged women and postmenopausal physiological changes could have a significant role in the development of FSD. Few is still known about their correct definition and treatment. Their incidence, prevalence and risk factors are difficult to define because of a high level of overlap in the experience of problems with desire, arousal, and orgasm. Little evidences are known about the best therapeutic approach, and both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options have been described. Among these, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors could be an effective option for many subtypes of female sexual disorders, with an improvement in different aspects of sexual function, such as desire, arousal, orgasm and sexual satisfaction. In this paper authors reviewed what is already known about the use of these vasoactive agents, particularly tadalafil, as a treatment option for female sexual disturbances.
30
Venkatesan, S., P. Masilamani, P. Janaki, T. Eevera, S. Sundareswaran, and P. Rajkumar. "Role of nitric oxide in seed biology and seed production: A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2290.
Full textAbstract:
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule employed by plants to control many physiological aspects. This review summarizes that crosstalk between NO/H2O2/Ca2+ signalling pathways that drive pollen tube for sexual reproduction in flowering plants. NO is produced in seeds by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources that control many physiological aspects of seeds. The interplay of NO and Reactive oxygen species are likely important players in hormonal crosstalk controlling seed germination and dormancy. Mechanism of seed germination and dormancy is mainly regulated by plant hormones like Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA). Based on mode of action of NO with reference to triggering the germination of crop seeds under abiotic stress condition it is infer that there is a linkage between NO and plant growth regulator production. NO cross-talk with reactive oxygen species (ROS) during abiotic stress condition, modulate the light and hormone depended developmental process in the early stage of plant development. NO action to enhancing abiotic stress tolerance by improving antioxidant enzymes and protection against oxidative damage in many crops are discussed in detail.
31
Wiseman, Jacqueline P. "Alcohol, Eroticism and Sexual Performance: A Social Interactionist Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 15, no. 2 (April 1985): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268501500209.
Full textAbstract:
Impotence and reduction in libido among chronic alcoholic men has been seen to be primarily caused by physiological changes resulting from constant and heavy drinking. Studies of this phenomenon have focused on males, amount of intake, and the correlation of alcohol ingestion with effects on bodily functions, to the exclusion of three social factors that may be a significant part of the sex act: First, the attitudes and behavior of the sex partner of the drinking male as they affect interaction between the two; second, sexual arousal has been studied as an “encapsulated” act, rather than a part of the process of negotiation between partners which may culminate in intercourse; and third, the focus of research on impotence is restricted to the realm of sexual activity, ignoring other aspects of the relationship an alcoholic may have with his sex partner. Additionally, the sex problems of men in marriages (or with sex partners) where alcohol is not a problem is seldom compared with alcoholic men to see if they differ substantially in this area. In a study designed to explore the impact of these social factors on impotence, 76 wives of alcoholics, 28 alcoholic husbands and a control sample of 63 wives and 46 husbands in marriages where alcohol is not a problem were interviewed in depth about their sexual relationship and about other areas of their marriage which surfaced as the most troublesome for wives of alcoholics—companionship, meals, and recreation. Findings suggest that a good portion of the erotic reduction and performance problems that alcoholic men experience are much more complex than physiological decline alone. A complex amalgam of rejection by their partners, which is influenced by the dynamics of their relationship in other areas of the marriage, as well as their different perspectives on what sort of behavior is a suitable prelude to intercourse can be seen to affect sexual interest and/or performance.
32
Миронов, S. Mironov, Артифексов, and S. Artifeksov. "The patho-physiological features of psychosomatic status in the survivors the stress associated with the service activity." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7591.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to studying the etiology and pathogenesis of psycho-somatic status in the persons of dangerous professions, who survived the stress associated with activity. This paper presents the information about vegetative changes, diseases of psycho-somatic character, observed psychological changes, family and sexual disharmonies and dysfunctions in these patients. The study reveals pathogenetic relation of changes in the integral health indicators (Index of Functional Measurements and Biological Age) with psycho-somatic changes in the dynamics post-stress disorders; this gives the possibility of their most effective use in the diagnostic process. It is established the pathogenetic relation between adaptation disorders with family and sex-ual disharmonies and dysfunctions, indicating highly quantitative estimates of these parameters to identify the severity of the disorders of psycho-somatic status. This article covers the aspects of the etiology of disorders of psycho-somatic relations in the dynamics of violations adaptation in the survivors of the stress associated with the service activity. The results of the study provide a simple and effective assessment of the patho-physiological features of psycho-somatic status by means of the integral indicators and analysis of family and sexual disharmonies.
33
Olsen, Pelle Valentin. "Cruising Baghdad." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-4296997.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article uses a queer lens to examine two short stories by the Iraqi communist, teacher, and prose writer Dhu al-Nun Ayyub (1908–88), “The Eagles’ Anthem” and “How I Found a Guy,” published in his collection Sadiqi (1938). Scholars have avoided analysis of the homoerotic and heterotopic aspects of Ayyub’s writings, even if they mention his depictions of physical attraction between men. Rather than read these fictional texts as sociological studies of sexual sensibilities, the article assumes that they tapped into and reflected psychological and social dynamics in interwar Baghdad. The Ayyub stories, which render homoerotic masculine sexualities as commonplace and a positive aspect of city spaces, are thus distinguished from most Iraqi writings during this period. The stories stage homoeroticism and love between men as democratic critique and affirmation of heterogeneity and vitality in a nationalist, militarist, and heteronormalizing setting that increasingly associated homosexuality with moral dissolution and backwardness.
34
Pinilla, Leonor, Enrique Aguilar, Carlos Dieguez, Robert P. Millar, and Manuel Tena-Sempere. "Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms." Physiological Reviews 92, no. 3 (July 2012): 1235–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00037.2010.
Full textAbstract:
Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thereby gonadal function. Compelling evidence, accumulated in the last few years, has revealed that kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene and produced mainly by neuronal clusters at discrete hypothalamic nuclei, are pivotal upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. As such, kisspeptins have emerged as important gatekeepers of key aspects of reproductive maturation and function, from sexual differentiation of the brain and puberty onset to adult regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art in the field of kisspeptin physiology by covering in-depth the consensus knowledge on the major molecular features, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in nonmammalian vertebrates. This review will also address unsolved and contentious issues to set the scene for future research challenges in the area. By doing so, we aim to endow the reader with a critical and updated view of the physiological roles and potential translational relevance of kisspeptins in the integral control of reproductive function.
35
Lesik, O. O., and V. A. Zhadnov. "A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH AND GENDER ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20171118-132.
Full textAbstract:
Epilepsy affects patients of opposite gender differently, hence requires gender-specific approaches in both management and treatment of such patients. Reproductive health, sexual function and other symptomatic disorders of various organ systems ought to be of cen-ter-focus for doctors treating patients with epilepsy, especially considering the fact that, all these conditions can adversely affect the quality of life of these patients. A considerate amount of scientific interest is being devoted to epilepsy in separate genders, however, insufficient attention is given to the comparative analysis peculiarities in these patients in terms of impact on health, level of depression and anxiety, leading psychological defense mechanisms, satisfaction and overall quality of life of patients with epilepsy. When activity of component parameters are viewed separately, they may not reveal pathogenesis as a whole, thus can’t be used to assess patients’ condition. Complex of electrographic and clinical characteristics are considered as a semiotic system. Such combined analysis of both physiological as well as clinical factors allow biologically-based systematic assessment of syndrome formation and relationship establishment between human biological peculiarities and clinical characteristics of the disease based on gender. Systematic approach in the analysis of physical, psychological and social aspects of epilepsy in men and women will focus attention to gender based disease peculiarities optimize treatment, outpatient follow-up and overall improvement of quality of life of patients.
36
Dearden, Laura, and Nina Balthasar. "Sexual Dimorphism in Offspring Glucose-Sensitive Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Physiological Responses to Maternal High-Fat Diet Feeding." Endocrinology 155, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 2144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1131.
Full textAbstract:
A wealth of animal and human studies demonstrate that early life environment significantly influences adult metabolic balance, however the etiology for offspring metabolic misprogramming remains incompletely understood. Here, we determine the effect of maternal diet per se on offspring sex-specific outcomes in metabolic health and hypothalamic transcriptome regulation in mice. Furthermore, to define developmental periods of maternal diet misprogramming aspects of offspring metabolic balance, we investigated offspring physiological and transcriptomic consequences of maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet feeding during pregnancy and/or lactation. We demonstrate that female offspring of high-fat/high-sugar diet-fed dams are particularly vulnerable to metabolic perturbation with body weight increases due to postnatal processes, whereas in utero effects of the diet ultimately lead to glucose homeostasis dysregulation. Furthermore, glucose- and maternal-diet sensitive gene expression modulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus is strikingly sexually dimorphic. In summary, we uncover female-specific, maternal diet-mediated in utero misprogramming of offspring glucose homeostasis and a striking sexual dimorphism in glucose- and maternal diet-sensitive paraventricular hypothalamus gene expression adjustment. Notably, female offspring metabolic vulnerability to maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet propagates a vicious cycle of obesity and type 2 diabetes in subsequent generations.
37
Koegler, Erica, Caitlin Kennedy, Janvier Mrindi, Richard Bachunguye, Peter Winch, Paul Ramazani, Maphie Tosha Makambo, and Nancy Glass. "Understanding How Solidarity Groups—A Community-Based Economic and Psychosocial Support Intervention—Can Affect Mental Health for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Democratic Republic of the Congo." Violence Against Women 25, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218778378.
Full textAbstract:
Solidarity groups were established in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to provide female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence an opportunity to generate income, establish networks of support, and cope with atrocities. Qualitative data were collected from 12 members of solidarity groups to explore factors that contributed to members’ mental health. All women identified some improvement (physiological, psychological, economic, or social) since joining the solidarity group, but none of the women were free from ailments. Our findings suggest that a multifaceted intervention in women’s own communities has the potential to improve multiple aspects of women’s lives, including mental health.
38
Santos, Juan C., Margarita Baquero, César Barrio-Amorós, Luis A. Coloma, Luciana K. Erdtmann, Albertina P. Lima, and David C. Cannatella. "Aposematism increases acoustic diversification and speciation in poison frogs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1796 (December 7, 2014): 20141761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1761.
Full textAbstract:
Multimodal signals facilitate communication with conspecifics during courtship, but they can also alert eavesdropper predators. Hence, signallers face two pressures: enticing partners to mate and avoiding detection by enemies. Undefended organisms with limited escape abilities are expected to minimize predator recognition over mate attraction by limiting or modifying their signalling. Alternatively, organisms with anti-predator mechanisms such as aposematism (i.e. unprofitability signalled by warning cues) might elaborate mating signals as a consequence of reduced predation. We hypothesize that calls diversified in association with aposematism. To test this, we assembled a large acoustic signal database for a diurnal lineage of aposematic and cryptic/non-defended taxa, the poison frogs. First, we showed that aposematic and non-aposematic species share similar extinction rates, and aposematic lineages diversify more and rarely revert to the non-aposematic phenotype. We then characterized mating calls based on morphological (spectral), behavioural/physiological (temporal) and environmental traits. Of these, only spectral and temporal features were associated with aposematism. We propose that with the evolution of anti-predator defences, reduced predation facilitated the diversification of vocal signals, which then became elaborated or showy via sexual selection.
39
Khashukoeva, A. Z., M. V. Burdenko, A. V. Overko, T. E. Ryzhova, and M. S. Safonina. "Disorders of sexual function in postmenopausal patients." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-3-106-111.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Research in recent years has shown that sexual dysfunction is now common in post-menopausal women and that it has a significant impact on their quality of life.Aim: to identify the major causes of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women and their treatment options, by analysing different literature sources.Materials and methods. During the study of this problem, 25 sources of literature, both Russian and foreign, dating from 2007 to 2020 were analysed.Results and discussion. The main etiological aspects of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women, such as disorders of sexual desire, sexual pain disorders, orgasmic disorders are considered in this article. The role of physiological processes occurring in a woman’s organism during this age period in the formation of sexual dysfunction is presented, namely, the influence of insufficiency of sex hormones (In particular, estrogens) and genitourinary syndrome on disorders of the sexual sphere.The main methods of treatment are described, including hormone replacement therapy, the use of non-invasive laser technology, and surgical correction of the dysfunction and atrophy of the pelvic floor muscles. Particular attention is paid to the use of the synthetic steroid tibolone and flibanserin, a drug used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and the data concerning their high efficacy are presented.Conclusions. The predominant manifestation of sexual dysfunction are disorders of sexual desire and sexual pain disorders. Thus it is important to pay attention to this problem and to treat sexual dysfunction by treating its causes.Conclusion. The treatment of sexual dysfunction must address the causes. In many cases, psychotherapy is necessary. MHT has a positive effect on the sexual function of patients. Testosterone therapy is justified in this case, but is rarely used, as it has a number of side effects and contraindications. Synthetic steroids (Tibolone) have shown good results in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
40
D’Iglio, Claudio, Marco Albano, Francesco Tiralongo, Sergio Famulari, Paola Rinelli, Serena Savoca, Nunziacarla Spanò, and Gioele Capillo. "Biological and Ecological Aspects of the Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810) in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090967.
Full textAbstract:
Data on the biology and ecology of Galeus melastomus are old/absent for the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, despite there being numerous studies in the wider area. A total of 127 specimens of G. melastomus from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, collected in 2018–2019 using trawling nets, were analyzed to investigate size at sexual maturity, sex ratio, length–weight relationships, and feeding habits. To our best knowledge, this is the first time in which all these features were investigated in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea for G. melastomus. The stomach content analysis showed that G. melastomus had intermediate feeding habits, preying on a great variety of species, especially Cephalopoda, Osteichthyes, and Crustacea. The Levin’s index value (Bi) was 0.53. Sex ratio was 0.92:1, with females slightly more abundant and bigger than males. The results also showed a decrease (33.7 cm for females, 31.1 cm for males) in length at 50% maturity (L50). This could be a result of anthropogenic stressors, such as overfishing and/or and environmental changes, which can induce physiological responses in several species. Our results highlighted the differences related to sexual maturity, growth, and feeding habits of the blackmouth catshark in the studied area, providing reference data to allow comparison with future studies on this species adaptations to this and other deep-sea areas in the Mediterranean Sea.
41
Norkina, I. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISADAPTATION AS A CAUSE OF DISSATISFACTION WITH SEXUAL LIFE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (9) (2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).13.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the view on the problem of psychological maladaptation as a factor of dissatisfaction with sexual life, which is manifested in the disclosure of the data of the concepts, descriptions and characteristic features that are manifested in these concepts. The psychological aspects of the manifestation of psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction are revealed, and an empirical study of the relationship between psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction was conducted. Sexual and psychological relationships are caused by a determinant relationship (have their internal causes and external effects), this in turn indicates that sex life has an impact on interpersonal, intimate relationships among partners, and can also serve as a cause of the psychological defining of the individual. An important aspect was the sexual satisfaction with its physiological and psychological components, and the special role of various manifestations of feelings (mood, anxiety, emotions, stresses) on the sexual function of the individual was proved. The result of the study is the significance of the statistical relationship between psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction. This means that the psychological state of a person has a great influence on sexual life and vice versa, the sexual sphere of human life provides a certain amount of filling and general mental background state of personality in any life situations. With the help of theoretical and empirical analysis we received the following results: high indicators of sexual satisfaction and realized evidence of the ability of a person to feel pleasure during sexual intercourse, to control their own sexual behavior In accordance with the norms of social and personal ethics. Such a person is free of fear, a sense of shame and guilt, false representations and other psychological factors that inhibit sexual response and violate sexual relations.
42
Groothuis, Ton, and David Crews. "Tinbergen's fourth question, ontogeny: sexual and individual differentiation." Animal Biology 55, no. 4 (2005): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075605774841003.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBased on Tinbergen's view of the study of behavioural development we describe some recent advances and their importance in this field. We argue that the study of behavioural development should combine both proximate and ultimate approaches, and can help to understand how early subtle environmental factors shape consistent individual variation both between and within sexes. This is illustrated by reviewing the profound effects of incubation temperature on the development of brain and social behaviour in the leopard gecko, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination, and the effects of early exposure to steroid hormones on social behaviour in rodents and especially birds. Both are maternal effects: incubation temperature can be partly determined by the nest site where the mother deposited her eggs, while in both oviparous and viviparous vertebrates maternal hormones reach and influence the embryo. In the gecko, incubation temperature affects sexual and aggressive behaviour, growth, the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, as well as the size, connectivity and metabolic capacity of certain brain areas. In this way not only is the gonad type determined, but so too is the morphological, physiological, neural, and behavioural phenotype established that explains much of within-sex variation. In rodents, maternal hormones affect similar aspects. In avian species, maternal hormones, deposited in the eggs, vary systematically between and within clutches and have both short- and long-lasting effects on competitive behaviour. Evidence suggests that mothers adaptively adjust hormone allocation to the environmental context. In addition, we discuss some effects of postnatal experience on behavioural development in geckos, mice and bird species. Our results also illustrate how the study of animal models other than rodents can help in understanding important developmental processes.
43
Younglai, E. V., and E. C. Todoroff. "The pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor of the female rabbit: characterization and developmental aspects." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-235.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to characterize the pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) binding site in the rabbit and investigate its possible role in sexual maturation of the female rabbit. A radioligand binding assay was established, and the presence of specific 125I-labelled D-Ala6-des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide (125I-DAla6EA) binding sites in the anterior pituitary gland of the rabbit was demonstrated. 125I-DAla6EA binding was saturable, specific, displaceable, reversible, correlated with increasing tissue concentrations, and susceptible to physiological manipulation. 125I-DAla6EA binding indicated the presence of two binding sites in the female adult rabbit pituitary: a high affinity, low capacity site (KD = 0.3–0.4 nM; Bmax = 100–200 fmol/mg protein) and a lower affinity, high capacity site (KD = 30 nM; Bmax = 5–8000 fmol/mg protein). Ontogeny of 125I-DAla6EA binding in the female rabbit (40–120 days of age) did not show a correlation between binding site number and serum luteinizing hormone (LH). In addition, the net serum LH response in female rabbits to a subcutaneous injection of DAla6EA (10 ng, 100 ng, and 1 μg per kilogram body weight) was not significantly different between animals 40, 75, and 120 days of age. This suggests that a decrease in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH is not associated with sexual maturation in the female rabbit. Results indicate that factors other than and (or) in addition to GnRH binding site number, such as postreceptor events, play a role in gonadotropin secretion in the female rabbit.Key words: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, receptors, luteinizing hormone, female rabbit.
44
Navarro, Rosa E., Eun Yong Shim, Yuji Kohara, Andrew Singson, and T. Keith Blackwell. "cgh-1, a conserved predicted RNA helicase required for gametogenesis and protection from physiological germline apoptosis inC. elegans." Development 128, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 3221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.17.3221.
Full textAbstract:
A high frequency of apoptosis is a conserved hallmark of oocyte development. In C. elegans, about half of all developing oocytes are normally killed by a physiological germline-specific apoptosis pathway, apparently so that they donate cytoplasm to the survivors. We have investigated the functions of CGH-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the predicted RNA helicase ste13/ME31B/RCK/p54, which is germline-associated in metazoans and required for sexual reproduction in yeast. We show that CGH-1 is expressed specifically in the germline and early embryo, and is localized to P granules and other possible mRNA-protein particles. cgh-1 is required for oocyte and sperm function. It is also needed to prevent the physiological germline apoptosis mechanism killing essentially all developing oocytes, making lack of cgh-1 function the first stimulus identified that can trigger this mechanism. We conclude that cgh-1 and its orthologs may perform conserved functions during gametogenesis, that in C. elegans certain aspects of oocyte development are monitored by the physiological germline apoptosis pathway, and that similar surveillance mechanisms may contribute to germline apoptosis in other species.
45
Hudson, Spencer B., and Travis E. Wilcoxen. "Condition Dependence of Structural Plumage Coverage in Indigo Buntings Passerina Cyanea." Avian Biology Research 11, no. 1 (February 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x15063340995383.
Full textAbstract:
Nuptial plumage colouration is seemingly favoured by females of avian species with regards to sexual selection. This particular secondary sexual characteristic has been previously shown to be a condition-dependent signal of individual quality among passerines with pigment-based colouration (i.e. yellows and reds). In contrast, relationships between structural plumage colouration (i.e. blues) and aspects of both physical quality and physiological function have been understudied. Using free-living Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) as a study species, we compared the percentage of blue feather coverage to body condition, innate immune responses, antioxidant capacity, stress physiology, reproductive physiology, and parasitism. We found the overall percentage of blue feathers on individual birds to be positively correlated with testosterone levels and body condition, while negatively correlated with heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Birds with more blue coverage were also less likely to harbour blood parasites. Our results indicate male Indigo Buntings with greater moult investment have better overall body condition, lower stress, increased testosterone levels, and decreased parasitic susceptibility.
46
Muhiddin, La. "CHARACTERIZATION IN THE NOVEL ENTITLED SONS AND LOVERS BY DH LAWRENCE." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v12i2.27.
Full textAbstract:
This study is qualitative designed to analyze the character of the novel through psychological approach. The subject of the study is the works of D.H. Lawrence, focusing on the novel "Sons and Lovers". Two kinds of corpuses for analysis were literary elements corpuses, plot, theme, setting and atmosphere, point of view and the main characters corpuses of Gertrude Morel, Walter Morel, William Morel & Miriam Leiver. Data were collected from literary research and library research. The study revealed that the main characters of sons and lovers are round ones. Miriam was said to be very religious, yet she had sexual intercourse before her marriage. It is shown that there are some aspects of moral quality. Educational value appeared in nuance that revenge does not give us satisfaction. Through out the novel, relevant implication appeared that sexual desire does not belong to love. Sex is also physiological needs and sometimes an expression of love. The self‑actualization need is dominant in Paul.
47
Buss, David M. "Sexual and Emotional Infidelity: Evolved Gender Differences in Jealousy Prove Robust and Replicable." Perspectives on Psychological Science 13, no. 2 (March 2018): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691617698225.
Full textAbstract:
Infidelity poses threats to high-investment mating relationships. Because of gender differences in some aspects of reproductive biology, such as internal female fertilization, the nature of these threats differs for men and women. Men, but not women, for example, have recurrently faced the problem of uncertainty in their genetic parenthood. Jealousy is an emotion hypothesized to have evolved to combat these threats. The 1992 article Sex Differences in Jealousy: Evolution, Physiology, and Psychology reported three empirical studies using two different methods, forced-choice and physiological experiments. Results supported the evolution-based hypotheses. The article became highly cited for several reasons. It elevated the status of jealousy as an important emotion to be explained by any comprehensive theory of human emotions. Subsequent meta-analyses robustly supported the evolutionary hypotheses. Moreover, the work supported the evolutionary meta-theory of gender differences, which posits differences only in domains in which the sexes have recurrently faced distinct adaptive problems. It also heralded the newly emerging field of evolutionary psychology as a useful perspective that possesses the scientific virtues of testability, falsifiability, and heuristic value in discovering previously unknown psychological phenomena.
48
Vaccaro, A., C. Zoppellaro, and V. Fusco. "Sexuality and affectivity: Two themes in a psychosocial intervention for psychotics inpatients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S568—S569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2106.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project is about valuing these themes, not only in order to increase physiological genres knowledge or the responsible use of contraceptives, but is mainly about growing sexual psychosocial features awareness. Treating these themes in a psychoeducational intervention means: minimize sexually-transmitted diseases, prevent psychotic patients from quitting psychopharmacological treatment and favour the birth and the development of intimate relationships that may help patients leaving an unhelpful isolation condition.Increase the awareness of different sexual and affection aspects: physiological, anatomic and reproductive, relational and communicative, emotional, social and cultural, playful and pleasant ones.The 18 meetings interventions were done using a psychoeducational model; an active leading group manner (role plays and simulations) was used in order to ease the exchange of views between patients and the group leader.We did a first round of meetings with ten patients who participated actively; we also submitted to them a questionnaire – before and after the intervention – in which we collected knowledge and opinions about different themes (contraceptives, risk awareness, affective relationships etc.).From a qualitative analysis of the results we saw a knowledge-improvement about the dealt themes, and also, in some cases, we identified a modification in some problematic behaviours. The sample it's still too small for statistical analysis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
49
Divya, C. C., and P. P. Kirathamoorthy. "CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ANALYSIS OF SNIGDHA AND RUKSHA: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120375.
Full textAbstract:
Concept of guna (quality) is an important theory in Ayurveda. The word meaning of guna is that which creates attraction. According to Sankhya darshana world originated from triguna in the process of evolution. So it considers the whole universe as trigunatmaka. Vaisheshika includes guna under shadpadartha. The relevance of guna increases on coming to classical period. In the context of roga (disease) and chikitsa (treatment), guna has an important role. We can see the role of guna in all areas of trisutra Ayurveda. Gurvadi guna have more importance because of its pharmacological and therapeutic application. Snigdha and Ruksha are important pair of guna. In normal state both have a role in Dosha and Dhatu level. When disturbed it leads to many ill effects and takes part in pathogenesis of many diseases. As our chikitsa is based on Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of cause) and Samprapti vighattana (intervention in the pathogenesis), we have to concentrate more on these guna while doing treatment. The present study aims to expose Snigdha and Ruksha guna in perspective of its importance in physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects. Proper identification and precise application of these guna will help in our chikitsa.
50
Shankar, P. Ravi, and Christopher Rose. "Introducing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) and Gender Identity Issues in a Medical Humanities Module." International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 5, no. 2 (July 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2015070101.
Full textAbstract:
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) are ways of referring to someone's sexual orientation/preferences; gaining a better understanding as to how best serve the needs of the LGBT community are becoming increasingly important in medical education. While nations (especially developing ones) are making efforts to become more pluralistic societies that uphold and honor the rights of all their citizenry, members of the LGBT community continue to face hostility and violence. These factors cause many members of the LGBT community to be wary about identifying their sexual orientation. Curricular interventions to address LGBT issues are becoming increasingly common. The LGBT community faces a number of challenges and disparities in accessing healthcare. The authors facilitate a medical humanities (MH) module at the Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba.. Small group, activity-based learning strategies are widely used during the module. Literature, case scenarios, paintings and role-plays are used to explore different aspects of MH. In this manuscript role-plays serve as vehicles to introduce LGBT issues to medical students during the module. The process of debriefing the role-play including students' comments are briefly discussed. One scenario deals with a young girl forced to become a worker in the sex trade, another contends with a night club owner who is diagnosed as HIV positive, a third situation portrays a young woman with a same gender life partner suffering from terminal cancer, the fourth situation explores the difficulties a female student faces when she reveals a sexual attraction for a same sex classmate. The role-plays serve to introduce students to an initial understanding of some of the issues faced by members of the LGBT community and an opportunity to put themselves in the position of a LGBT individual.