Journal articles: 'Sexual assault'

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Golding, Jacqueline M. "Sexual Assault History and Women's Reproductive and Sexual Health." Psychology of Women Quarterly 20, no. 1 (March 1996): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00667.x.

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Associations of sexual assault history with reproductive and sexual symptoms were evaluated in 3,419 women randomly selected from two communities. Sexual assault was associated with excessive menstrual bleeding, genital burning, and painful intercourse (whether or not attributable to disease or injury), medically explained missing two menstrual periods, and medically unexplained dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularity, and lack of sexual pleasure. Physically violent assaults and those committed by strangers were most strongly related to reproductive symptoms. Multiple assaults, assaults accomplished by persuasion, spouse assault, and completed intercourse were most strongly related to sexual symptoms. Assault was occasionally associated more strongly with reproductive symptoms among women with lower income or less education, possibly because of economic stress or differences in assault circumstances. Associations with unexplained menstrual irregularity were strongest among African American women; ethnic differences in reported circumstances of assault appeared to account for these differences.

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Renner, K. Edward, and Carol Wackett. "Sexual Assault: Social and Stranger Rape." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 6, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1987-0003.

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The Service for Sexual Assault Victims in Halifax reviewed 474 cases of sexual assault handled over a three-year period to determine the nature and relative frequency of social and stranger sexual assault. Women are most likely to be sexually assaulted by a man who is known to and often trusted by them. Women who are raped in a social context are less willing than those raped by a stranger to seek help at the time of the assault, to receive medical attention, or to report the rape to the police. They are also less likely to be threatened with physical harm or to receive physical injury. The cultural values which are responsible for the high frequency of sexual assaults by men who are known to their victims, and for the reluctance of the women to disclose the assault, are discussed.

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Ahmed Khan Memon, Muhammad Qasim, Pardeep Kumar, Nadia Aslam, Ejaz Ahmed Awan, Shabir Ahmed Cheena, and Abdul Samad. "Reported Cases of Sexual Assault in Civil Hospital Sanghar." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592251.

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Aim: To evaluate the sexual assault against male and female. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Civil Hospital Sanghar from 1st January 2020 to 31st December, 2020 Methodology: Forty two cases of sexual assault and recognize the associated factors were enrolled. The age between 6-35 years and either gender were included. Result: There were 28.6% females and 71.4% males, highest victims were among age between 6-18 years was 17(40.5%), illiterate was 23(54.7%), assaulted by a neighbour was 30 (71.4%) and time lapse <1-2 days was 19(45.4%) sexual assaults. Conclusion: Majority of victims were males, assailant relationships of neighbour and illiterate. Keywords: Sexual assault, Victims, Assailants

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Ullman, Sarah E., and Judith M. Siegel. "Victim-Offender Relationship and Sexual Assault." Violence and Victims 8, no. 2 (January 1993): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.2.121.

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The effect of the victim-offender sexual assault relationship on women’s psychological symptomatology was examined in a randomized community survey. Fourteen and one-half percent of women (N = 240) experienced a sexual assault in adulthood. Assaults committed by strangers, acquaintances, and intimates were compared using both chi-square and two-way analyses of variance. Few differences were found in sexual assault experiences according to the victim-offender relationship. Offender use of violence showed a curvilinear relationship with degree of closeness of the victim-offender relationship, whereas victim resistance did not vary according to the victim-offender relationship. Analyses of psychological symptom measures showed that sexual distress was more common for women attacked by intimates, fear/anxiety was more common for women assaulted by strangers, and depression did not vary according to the victim-offender relationship.

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Reitz-Krueger, Cristina L., Sadie J. Mummert, and Sara M. Troupe. "Real men can't get raped: an examination of gendered rape myths and sexual assault among undergraduates." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-06-2017-0303.

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Purpose While awareness of sexual assaults on college campuses has increased, the majority of efforts to address it are focused on female victims. The relative neglect of male victims may be due in part to problematic rape myths that suggest men cannot be sexually assaulted, especially by women. The purpose of this paper is to compare rates of different types of sexual assault between male and female undergraduates, and explore the relationship between acceptance of traditional rape myths focused on female victims, and rape myths surrounding male victims. Design/methodology/approach Students at a mid-sized university in Pennsylvania (n=526) answered an online questionnaire about their own experiences of sexual assault since coming to college, as well as their endorsement of male and female rape myths. Findings While women experienced more sexual assault overall, men were just as likely to have experienced rape (i.e. forced penetration) or attempted rape. Acceptance of male and female rape myths was significantly correlated and men were more likely than women to endorse both. Participants were also more likely to endorse female than male rape myths. Research limitations/implications By analyzing sexual assaults in terms of distinct behaviors instead of one composite score, the authors can get a more nuanced picture of how men and women experience assault. Practical implications Campus-based efforts to address sexual assault need to be aware that male students also experience assault and that myths surrounding men as victims may impede their ability to access services. Originality/value This paper contributes to our knowledge of a relatively understudied topic: undergraduate male victims of sexual assault.

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Williams, Margie Ford. "Violence and Sexual Harassment." AAOHN Journal 44, no. 2 (February 1996): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999604400204.

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This study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of violence and sexual harassment experienced by registered nurses (RNs) in their workplaces in Illinois. A random sample of 1,130 RNs were selected to participate in the mail survey. The instrument used was the Nurse Assault Survey originally developed by the Nurse Assault Project Team in Ontario, Canada, and modified by the author. Three hundred forty-five subjects completed the survey (response rate: 30%). Fifty-seven percent of those responding reported personal experience with some aspect of sexual harassment, and 26% reported being victimized by physical assault while on the job. About one third of those who indicated they had been sexually harassed also had been physically assaulted. Patients/clients were the most frequent perpetrators of sexual harassment and physical assault, while physicians committed over half of the sexual assaults. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between physical assault and levels of job satisfaction. A significant relationship also was found between sexual harassment and levels of job satisfaction. Results demonstrate that nurses need to take an active role in fostering a work environment free from violence and sexual harassment. They should be knowledgeable about institutional policies and, where none exist, they should work with administrators to develop them. Prevention and intervention programs should be developed for both student and registered nurses.

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Abbey, Antonia, Lisa Thomson Ross, Donna McDuffie, and Pam McAuslan. "Alcohol and Dating Risk Factors for Sexual Assault Among College Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 20, no. 1 (March 1996): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00669.x.

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American societal norms frequently link alcohol, dating, and sexuality. This cross-sectional study examined the role of alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault among a representative sample of female students at a large urban university. Over half of the 1,160 women had experienced some form of sexual assault. Ninety-five percent of these assaults were committed by someone the woman knew and almost half of these assaults involved alcohol consumption by either the man, the woman, or both. Discriminant function analyses indicated that dating, sexual, and misperception experiences and alcohol consumption during these experiences predicted assault group status. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during consensual sex and sexual misperceptions were positively related to alcohol consumption during the sexual assault. The predictors of assault group status were similar for African American and Caucasian women. Theoretical implications are discussed and suggestions are made for combining alcohol and sexual assault prevention programming.

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Dewi, Nur Setiawati, Monika Steffi Novia Sabatini, Ervia Kusumaningrum, and Heru Agus Santoso. "A Phenomenological Case Study of Blind Male Masseuses Experiencing Sexual Assault: Implication for Nursing Practice." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, G (February 14, 2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7717.

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BACKGROUND: Having experience of sexual assault may bring a great impact on the lives of blind male masseuses. However, a deep understanding of the consequences is currently still not largely explored. AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of sexual assault and the consequences of sexual assaults incidents which occurred in the lives of blind male masseuses. METHODS: This study used a phenomenological case study design. Interviews were conducted with nine blind male masseuses who had experienced sexual assault while carrying out their profession in Semarang city, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Giorgi analysis. RESULTS: The experience of being sexually assaulted disrupts almost all of the participants’ lives for a relatively long period of time, and even it is still felt at the present. To release and reduce the fear and trauma caused by sexual assault, the participants consciously drew themselves closer to God as the main thing to do. A prayer to God to be protected from being the victim of sexual assault is a participant’s devotion while carrying out their worship ritual. Talking to other blind masseuses also helps them to find the solutions needed to rebuild their lives. However, the participants tend to feel ashamed and reluctant to convey how such sexual assault has affected their lives to present time. CONCLUSION: Even though the participants have adapted and rebuilt their lives, the residue of sexual assault impact is still felt and remains for a long time. Self-protection training and assistive devices for blind masseuses to prevent the recurrence of sexual assault are significantly important and should be considered to be implemented by nurses.

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Chamseddine, A., N. Charfi, O. Bouattour, R. Feki, I. Gassara, N. Smaoui, S. Omri, et al. "Criminological characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators: a Tunisian study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S879—S880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1862.

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IntroductionIn Tunisia, Sexual assaults constitute a pervasive problem that concerns the health care system and the country’s judicial authorities alike.ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to estimate the incidence of sexual assault encountered in the context of forensic psychiatric assessment and to assess the criminological profile of sexual assault perpetrators.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of a series of sexual assault perpetrators examined in a forensic psychiatric assessment in the psychiatry C department at Hedi Chaker university Hospital in Sfax, from January 2010 to December 2021.ResultsOver the period of 11 years (2010 to 2021), we collected 374 forensic psychiatric assessment files. Among them, 49 were those of sexual assaults (13.10%). It was a rape assault in 54.4% of cases. Aggravating circumstances have been noted in 87% of cases. These were mainly assaults on minors (54.3%) and assaults associated with physical violence (38.4%).The victim gender was female in 63% of cases, with an average age of 21 years 9 months. and was among the relatives of the sexual assault perpetrator in 28.3% of cases.ConclusionsRape seems to represent a non-negligible proportion of the offenses motivating a forensic psychiatric assessment in Tunisia. Sexual assaults against minors are frequent, despite undeniable under-reporting.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

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Kim, Sungmin, and Taekhoo Lee. "Analysis of Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization in Middle and High School Student." Korean Association Of Victimology 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36220/kjv.2022.30.3.115.

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This study attempted to provide basic data by identifying differences according to the characteristics of adolescents' sexual violence and perpetrators. The subjects of this study were 228 case of middle school and high school students who visited a sexual assault agency in D city from January 2018 to July 2022. The results shows statistically significant differences in duration of assaults depending on graders of sexual assault victims, and statistically significant differences in types of assaults depending upon gender of assaults are presented. Depending on whether the victim had disabilities, statistically significant differences in the offender-victim relationship. Depending on whether the victim had two parent family, statistically significant differences in the offender-victim relationship, types of assaults. On characteristic of sexual assault by offender's characteristic, there were statistically significant differences in types, location of assaults depending upon offender's gender. There were significant differences in type, duration, frequency, location, time of assault depending upon offender's age. Depending on the offender-victim relationship, statistically significant differences in type, duration, frequency, location at assault are shown.

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Valle, Rubén, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Juan Antonio Gálvez-Buccollini, César Gutiérrez, and Silvia S. Martins. "Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (November 12, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000539.

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OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS: The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

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Starzynski, Laura L., Sarah E. Ullman, Henrietta H. Filipas, and Stephanie M. Townsend. "Correlates of Women’s Sexual Assault Disclosure to Informal and Formal Support Sources." Violence and Victims 20, no. 4 (August 2005): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.20.4.417.

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Deciding which people to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for sexual assault survivors. Women typically receive many different positive and negative reactions when they disclose sexual assault to social support sources. A diverse sample of adult sexual assault survivors in the Chicago area was surveyed about sexual assault experiences, social reactions received when disclosing assault to others, attributions of blame, coping strategies, and PTSD. Analyses were run to identify demographic, assault, and postassault factors differentiating women disclosing to informal support sources only from those disclosing to both informal and formal support sources. Women disclosing to both formal and informal support sources experienced more stereotypical assaults, had more PTSD symptoms, engaged in less behavioral self-blame, and received more negative social reactions than those disclosing to informal support sources only. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.

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Long, Susan M., Sarah E. Ullman, LaDonna M. Long, Gillian E. Mason, and Laura L. Starzynski. "Women’s Experiences of Male-Perpetrated Sexual Assault by Sexual Orientation." Violence and Victims 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 684–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007782793138.

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This study examined differences in male-perpetrated adult sexual assault experiences among women of various sexual orientations using a large urban convenience sample ( N = 1,022). Results showed many similarities in disclosure to others, perceived helpfulness, and attributions of blame, but there were also differences by sexual orientation. Heterosexual women were more likely to experience completed sexual assault than lesbian or bisexual women. Lesbians were more likely to be assaulted by relatives than bisexual or heterosexual women. Finally, bisexual women disclosed the assault to the greatest number of formal support sources, were most likely to tell a romantic partner about the assault, received the fewest positive social reactions overall, and had higher posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.

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Johnson, Matthew Barry, and Janquel Acevedo. "Wrongful Conviction in Texas: ‘Sex Assaults’, False Guilty Pleas, Stranger Rape with Misidentification, and Drug Offenses." Wrongful Conviction Law Review 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/wclawr111.

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Abstract Citing IP data, Johnson (2021), reported that sexual assault/rape was the most common offense associated with exoneration in the US. Also, stranger rape accounted for 72% of the entire IP database. To further examine the role of sexual assault, the current study examined all exonerations in Texas, the US state with the most sexual assault exonerations. Using NRE data, descriptive analyses, and reclassifying sexual assaults, we find drug offenses are the most common crime type associated with exonerations in Texas but sexual assault/rape accounts for a significant portion of Texas exonerations. Contrary to a common assumption, we also find that exculpatory DNA does not explain the substantial proportion of sexual assaults among exonerations. We also examine the role of stranger rape misidentification, youthful complainant recantations (perjury/false allegations) and false guilty pleas in the NRE Texas database. Finally, we discuss other patterns within the Texas exonerations and policy implications. Keywords: Rape, Exoneration, Misidentification, Pleas

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Kirwan, Mitchell, Michele R. Parkhill, Blake A. Schuetz, and Ashley Cox. "A Within-Subjects Analysis of Men’s Alcohol-Involved and Nonalcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 16 (September 27, 2016): 3392–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670179.

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Previous research has determined that alcohol use is frequently associated with sexual aggression perpetration. However, little research has examined the differences between alcohol-involved and nonalcohol-involved assaults among men who are repeat perpetrators of sexual aggression. Eighty men from the community who had self-reported perpetration of two or more sexual assaults, including at least one assault in which the participant was drinking and one assault in which they were sober, were recruited for a within-subjects survey. Data analysis examined the differences between participants’ most recent alcohol-involved assault and their most recent nonalcohol-involved assault. A variety of differences were observed between nonalcohol and alcohol-involved assaults including the participants’ primary appraisals, secondary appraisals, and the degree of force they used to obtain unwanted sex. These results provide further insight into the effect that alcohol has on perpetration of sexual aggression. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

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Budd, Kristen M., and David M. Bierie. "Injury Matters: On Female-Perpetrated Sex Crimes." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 1, 2017): 3735–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517711178.

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Despite the importance of studying sexual assaults perpetrated by women, the field knows very little about female sexual offenders’ (FSOs) use of violence or physical injury resulting from these assaults. This study draws more than 20 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data reported to police (1992-2014) to identify factors that distinguish between female perpetrated incidents of sexual assault that result in severe, minor, or no physical victim injuries above and beyond the sexual assault itself. Using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM), 15,928 incidents of FSO-perpetrated sexual assault were analyzed from the NIBRS. The results showed that the extent of victim injuries sustained during the sexual assault incidents was associated with a number of factors, including the presence of a female victim, the age of victim, a greater number of offenders, and the presence of weapons. In particular, incidents that resulted in major victim injuries were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use by the perpetrator. In general, incidents with young children were at increased risk of a sexual assault resulting in a major or minor victim injury. Although further investigation is needed to continue to better understand female sexual offending behaviors, these findings suggest that certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood of the assault to involve the use of violence by an FSO against her victims.

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Magid, David J., Debra Houry, Thomas D. Koepsell, Andrew Ziller, Michael R. Soules, and Carole Jenny. "The Epidemiology of Female Rape Victims Who Seek Immediate Medical Care." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503259046.

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Women who seek medical care following sexual assault are usually evaluated and treated in an emergency department (ED). Therefore, EDs can be an important source of sexual assault surveillance data. The authors compared the incidence of sexual assault presenting for emergency care in a single county during July to November of 1974 and 1991. Participants included all female sexual assault victims aged 14 and older who presented for ED evaluation. Treating physicians prospectively collected data using standardized forms. The z statistic was used to compare sexual assault incidence. There was a 60% increase in the incidence of sexual assault victims presenting for emergency care in 1991 compared to 1974, primarily due to an increase in the incidence of women presenting to the ED after rapes by known assailants. In contrast, the annual incidence of reported stranger assaults was similar in the two study years.

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Chuang, Cynthia H., Jane M. Liebschutz, Debbie M. Cheng, Anita Raj, and Jeffrey H. Samet. "Substance Use During Sexual and Physical Assault in HIV-Infected Persons." Violence and Victims 22, no. 2 (April 2007): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007780477311.

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Data from the HIV-Alcohol Longitudinal Cohort was used to determine the prevalence of substance use by victims and assailants during physical and sexual assault against HIV-infected persons and whether these findings differed by gender. Of the sexually assaulted participants, 31% of victims and 70% of assailant(s) had used drugs/alcohol during sexual assault. Compared with men, women had higher odds of substance use during sexual assault (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 8.7) and of substance use by their assailant(s) during sexual assault (adjusted OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 20.6) in adjusted analysis. Of the physically assaulted participants, 66% of victims and 85% of assailants used drugs/alcohol during physical assault; these results did not differ by gender.

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Collington, Deshawn, Markea Carter, Aliyah Tolliver, and Jocelyn Turner-Musa. "Sexual Assault Among College Students Attending a Historically Black College/University." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 15, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.004.

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Sexual assault constitutes a significant public health problem on college campuses including historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU). Recent research suggests that sexual assault is increasing on college campuses. However, there are few studies examining the prevalence and risk factors for sexual assault at HBCUs. To address this gap, the current study examined the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of sexual assault at an HBCU. Participants in the study were 264 undergraduate students from an HBCU in the mid-Atlantic region. The majority of participants were female (71%), African American (91%), and seniors (41%). After providing informed consent, participants completed a Climate Assessment survey administered by the university’s Office of Diversity. Findings revealed that since starting college about 20% of students experienced sexual contact without consent. Of those sexually assaulted, 20% reported they were incapacitated or under the influence of alcohol (15%) at the time of the assault. About 17% of those assaulted experienced a physical injury and/or poor mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, flashbacks). Participants reported not disclosing information of their assault due to embarrassment, afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator, believing it was a private matter. Close friends were more likely to be told about sexual assault. The study supports the need to address sexual assault on HBCU campuses through strong prevention and intervention programs and to address barriers to reporting.

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Markey, James, Thomas Scott, Crystal Daye, and Kevin J. Strom. "Sexual assault investigations and the factors that contribute to a suspect's arrest." Policing: An International Journal 44, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 591–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2021-0051.

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PurposeSexual assault investigations present uniquely challenging circumstances to detectives, and a small proportion result in arrest. Improving sexual assault investigations requires expanding the evidence base to improve our understanding of how these investigations unfold and the factors associated with positive case outcomes, including the likelihood that an offender is arrested.Design/methodology/approachThe authors abstracted data on 491 adult sexual assaults investigated by five large and midsized law enforcement agencies to describe the characteristics of sexual assault investigations and to explain the relationships between these characteristics and the likelihood that a suspect is arrested.FindingsOverall, detectives move swiftly to investigate sexual assaults but tend to miss investigative opportunities that increase the likelihood of an arrest, like locating and processing the crime scene or pursuing interviews with key witnesses and leads. Sexual assaults typically lack physical evidence that can be used to identify and lead to an arrest of a suspected offender; when this evidence is present, the case is more likely to result in an arrest. Delayed reporting of the crime to law enforcement decreases the likelihood of a suspect being arrested, but the mechanisms are unclear.Originality/valueFew studies have used a detailed data abstraction process for a large sample of cases from multiple law enforcement agencies to understand sexual assault investigations and their case outcomes. The results can improve practitioners' and researchers' understanding of sexual assault investigations, including those factors that increase the likelihood of a suspect's arrest.

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AL-Asadi, Ali M. "Comparison Between Male and Female Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Assault in Relation to Age at Admission to Therapy, Age of Onset, and Age at Last Sexual Assault: Retrospective Observational Study." JMIRx Med 2, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): e23713. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23713.

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Background Sexual abuse and sexual assault are complex phenomena that involve many factors (or correlates) and have many health and financial implications for individuals, families, and society. Every correlate needs to be studied in detail, individually and in relation to other correlates. Only with a thorough understanding of these correlates can more efficient and targeted prevention and intervention programs be designed. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between male and female survivors of sexual abuse and sexual assault regarding the correlates of the survivors’ age of onset of assault, age at the last assault, and age at which they entered therapy. Methods Therapists at eight sexual assault centers in the province of Alberta, Canada, completed a questionnaire on each of their clients over a period of 7 years. A total of 3302 participants, of whom 2901 (87.86%) were female and 401 (12.1%) were male survivors of sexual abuse and assault, were included in this study. Mostly descriptive analyses were carried out on the 4 variables of concern in this study. Results Regarding the number of survivors who sought therapy, female survivors outnumbered male survivors by a ratio of 7:1, with different ratios for different age groups. As children age, their risk of being sexually assaulted for the first time decreases. Male children are more likely to be sexually abused at a younger age, whereas female children are more vulnerable to being assaulted at all ages, particularly in adolescence. The mean age of onset of sexual abuse was found to be 6.71 (SD 2.86) years, and the odds of experiencing the first sexual assault during childhood, as opposed to adolescence, were 4:1 for females and 9:1 for males. Male survivors were two times more likely than female survivors to experience their first sexual assault in childhood. The vast majority of survivors sought help many years after being sexually assaulted, and male survivors waited an average of 3 years longer from the last sexual assault before seeking therapy. Conclusions The majority of survivors of sexual abuse and sexual assault live with the consequences for many years before they seek help, and a large proportion of male survivors are not likely to seek help.

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Bagley, Christopher, Floyd Bolitho, and Lorne Bertrand. "Mental Health Profiles, Suicidal Behavior, and Community Sexual Assault in 2112 Canadian Adolescents." Crisis 16, no. 3 (May 1995): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.16.3.126.

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1025 females and 1087 males in grades 7-12 in Alberta high schools completed measures of emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal behaviors, and of frequency of sexual assaults outside of school. Both males and females experiencing a high number of sexual assaults in the previous 6 months were significantly more likely to have clinical profiles on measures of conduct disorder, somatic disorder, and emotional disorder. 13.2% of 53 girls with frequent, unwanted sexual contact had made more than two suicidal gestures or suicide attempts in the previous 6 months, compared with 1.3% of 783 girls with no experience of sexual assault. 33.3% of 18 boys experiencing frequent sexual assault were suicidal, compared with 0.9% of 1064 boys with no recent experience of sexual assault. These results are in line with results of other recent Canadian surveys.

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Ensslen, Katherine, Eric Beauregard, and Amelie Pedneault. "An Examination of the Home-Intruder Sex Offender." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 14 (June 7, 2018): 4694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18778450.

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One particular crime location in sexual assaults is the victim’s residence. Similar to sexual burglars, “home-intruder” sex offenders choose to assault the victim in her residence, most likely in their bedroom. The aim of the current study is to analyze modus operandi, temporal factors, and victim characteristics in a sample of 347 stranger sexual assaults committed by 69 serial sex offenders to determine which factors may be more relevant to sexual assaults committed in the victim’s residence compared with sexual assaults committed at another type of location. Our hypothesis is that offenders who choose to sexually assault victims in their home constitute a specific type of sex offender, one that resembles the sexual burglar. Results showed that modus operandi (e.g., burglary), temporal factors (e.g., time at crime scene with victim), and victim characteristics (e.g., age, victim-offender relationship) were significant in predicting whether the victim encounter, crime site, and victim release site were located at the victim’s residence or not. Moreover, these findings were generally significant across the three crime locations, which can be explained by the high consistency in location during home-intrusion sexual assaults. Situational crime prevention strategies aimed at making a residence less attractive for offenders should help reducing this particular type of sexual assault.

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Kulkoski, Kelly, and Catherine Kilian. "Sexual Assault and Body Esteem." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.347.

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Past studies indicate that sexual assault is negatively associated with victims' general self-esteem, but little is known about how the experience affects body esteem. We hypothesized that sexual assault would have a long-term negative association with measures of both general self-esteem and body esteem. Participants were 76 women, ages 18 to 45 years, 13 of whom had been sexually assaulted at least one year previously. Analysis supported the hypothesis that the sexually assaulted women scored lower than nonassaulted women on Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale but not on the Body Esteem Scale. When individual body-attitude items were analyzed, the assaulted women's negative ratings of sexual activities fell just short of significance, so further and longitudinal study of a larger group is needed.

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Campbell, Rebecca, Hannah Feeney, Steven J. Pierce, Dhruv B. Sharma, and Giannina Fehler-Cabral. "Tested at Last: How DNA Evidence in Untested Rape Kits Can Identify Offenders and Serial Sexual Assaults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 24 (March 27, 2016): 3792–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516639585.

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An increasing number of U.S. law enforcement agencies have disclosed that they have large numbers of untested sexual assault kits (SAKs; also called “rape kits”) in police property storage. Whether previously untested SAKs should be tested for DNA evidence has been the subject of considerable public debate. To inform policy and practice regarding rape kit testing, the current study tested a sample of 900 previously unsubmitted SAKs from Detroit, Michigan, and documented the DNA forensic testing outcomes associated with those kits. We assessed how many SAKs yielded DNA profiles eligible for upload into CODIS (Combined DNA Index System), the federal DNA criminal database; how many resulted in a DNA match (termed a “CODIS hit”); and how many of those hits were associated to other sexual assault crimes (i.e., serial sexual assault hits). Overall, there were 259 CODIS hits, 69 of which had DNA matches to another sexual assault case. The potential utility of a DNA profile and CODIS hit may vary depending on whether offender was known or unknown to the victim, so we examined these outcomes separately for SAKs associated with stranger- and non-stranger-perpetrated sexual assaults. We also present six case study examples of how DNA testing and CODIS hits helped identify serial sexual assaults in both stranger and non-stranger sexual assault cases. Implications for rape kit testing policies are discussed.

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Relyea, Mark, and Sarah E. Ullman. "Predicting Sexual Assault Revictimization in a Longitudinal Sample of Women Survivors: Variation by Type of Assault." Violence Against Women 23, no. 12 (August 23, 2016): 1462–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216661035.

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This study used a large community sample of women sexual assault survivors to prospectively assess 17 theorized predictors across four types of sexual assault revictimization: unwanted contact, coercion, substance-involved assault (SIA), and force. Results indicated that predictors varied across types of revictimization: Unwanted contact and coercion appeared more common in social contexts more hostile toward survivors, whereas forcible assaults and SIAs occurred in circumstances where survivors were vulnerable to being targeted by perpetrators. Overall, the strongest predictors were social environments hostile to survivors, race, childhood sexual abuse, decreased refusal assertiveness, and having more sexual partners. We discuss implications for intervention and research.

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Barbaro, Nicole, Michele R. Parkhill, and David Nguyen. "Anxious and Hostile: Consequences of Anxious Adult Attachment in Predicting Male-Perpetrated Sexual Assault." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 13 (January 3, 2016): 2098–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515622301.

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Attachment theory has increasingly been utilized to understand the etiology of sexual violence, and anxious attachment appears to be especially informative in this domain. We investigate the influence of general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment on hostile masculine attitudes to predict male-perpetrated sexual assault. We hypothesize that hostile masculinity will mediate the relationship between general anxious attachment style and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 1) and the relationship between specific anxious attachment to the assaulted woman and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 2). Men ( N = 193) completed the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) to determine sexual assault history and completed measures of general attachment style, specific attachment to the woman involved in the sexual activity, and measures of hostile masculine attitudes. Results support the hypothesized mediation models, such that general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment are significantly associated with hostile masculinity, which in turn, predicts the likelihood of male-perpetrated sexual assault. The findings suggest that the unique characteristics of anxious attachment may escalate into hostile masculinity, which then increases the likelihood of sexual assault perpetration. This research is the first to investigate attachment bonds to the woman involved in the sexual activity and likelihood of sexual assault perpetration against the same woman.

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Gidycz, Christine A., and Mary P. Koss. "Predictors of Long-Term Sexual Assault Trauma among a National Sample of Victimized College Women." Violence and Victims 6, no. 3 (January 1991): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.3.175.

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Several multivariate studies have attempted to delineate the major predictors of longterm, sexual assault-induced aftereffects. The present study was an attempt to extend previous work by supplementing known preassault, assault, and postassault predictors of trauma with cognitive measures. The data were cross-sectional and included responses from 1,213 victims of sexual assault who were recruited from a national sample of higher education students. Utilizing hierarchical multiple regression analyses and a cross-validation procedure, the results suggested that the prior mental status of the victims, the forcefulness of the assaults, as well as two cognitive variables related to a victim’s beliefs about sex and relationships predicted victims’ scores on standardized measures of anxiety and depression. The relationships were such that the most traumatized victims were those women who had evidenced a history of mental health problems, who had experienced the more aggressive assaults, who tended to believe that people in relationships are not trustworthy, and tended to place conservative restrictions on the sexual acts and circumstances under which sex should occur. Taken together these variables accounted for between 9%-14% of the variance in sexual assault aftereffects. The discussion emphasizes the contribution of cognitive processes to the understanding of sexual assault trauma.

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Melton, Heather C., and Summer Stewart. "Previously Unsubmitted Sexual Assault Kits: Characteristics of Kits with Victims under Eighteen." Abuse: An International Impact Journal 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2021.016.

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1 ADD TO CART Sexual assault continues to be a major societal and criminal issue. Particularly detrimental is sexual assault committed against children. Children who experience a sexual assault are likely to suffer from multiple negative outcomes including increasing their risk for juvenile delinquency and mental health issues. A sexual assault kit is one tool that the criminal justice system uses to bring justice for victims and hold offenders accountable for their behaviour. It provides often vital evidence that can potentially be used in the prosecution of these cases. Yet it has become clear that many sexual assaults are never submitted to crime laboratories for processing. This paper explores previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits of child/adolescent victims. Characteristics of the victims, the case, and the police report are explored. Additionally, these kits are compared to kits with an adult victim to further our understanding of the problem. Findings include: over 20% of the unsubmitted sexual assault kits had a victim under 18, the highest number of unsubmitted kits for children were for victims between the ages of 15-17, the majority of child victims knew their offenders, and cases associated with child kits were more likely to be moved forward at the time of the original incident (without the kit being submitted) than adult cases. Ultimately, the goal is to improve our overall response to all victims of sexual assault.

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Dunn, Sheila F. M., and Valerie J. Gilchrist. "SEXUAL ASSAULT." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 20, no. 2 (June 1993): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(21)00394-8.

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Miller, Dee. "SEXUAL ASSAULT." Journal of Christian Nursing 13, no. 2 (December 1996): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005217-199613020-00009.

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DeLAHUNTA, ELIZABETH A., and DAVID A. BARAM. "Sexual Assault." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 40, no. 3 (September 1997): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199709000-00024.

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Kumar, Monica. "Sexual assault." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738019897090.

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As GPs we provide life-long care for patients. This provides an opportunity to sensitively and meaningfully help victims of sexual assault and can have a profound impact on patients, their families, and society. Many patients present late, due to fears of sharing their story and a lack of faith in organisations. This article aims to discuss the impact of sexual assault, and provide a practical approach to identifying and managing sexual assault in primary care. We will discuss the role of the sexual assault referral centres and additional resources available to support patients and doctors.

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Wisner, Kirsten. "Sexual Assault." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 44, no. 5 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000553.

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Dupre, Allen R., Harriette L. Hampton, Hollidae Morrison, and G. Rodney Meeks. "Sexual Assault." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 48, no. 9 (September 1993): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199309000-00027.

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Beckerman, N. L. "Sexual Assault." Clinical Supervisor 21, no. 2 (November 18, 2003): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j001v21n02_07.

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Linden, Judith A. "SEXUAL ASSAULT." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 17, no. 3 (August 1999): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70091-2.

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Denninghoff, Kurt, Amy Ernst, Scott Shields, and Kathleen Hubbell. "SEXUAL ASSAULT." Southern Medical Journal 84, Supplement (September 1991): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199109001-00083.

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DeVore, Heather K., and Carolyn J. Sachs. "Sexual Assault." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 29, no. 3 (August 2011): 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.012.

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PA-C, Jo Steam, Patrick OʼNeal, and Stephen Holbrook. "SEXUAL ASSAULT." Southern Medical Journal 92, Supplement (November 1999): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199911001-00050.

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Kuhn, Walter F., David E. Heape, and Michael J. Caudell. "Sexual assault." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 17, no. 7 (November 1999): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(99)90170-5.

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42

Long, Lisa, and Bernadette Butler. "Sexual assault." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 20, no. 2 (April 2018): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tog.12474.

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Sprinks, Jennifer. "Sexual assault." Emergency Nurse 22, no. 8 (December 3, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.22.8.13.s21.

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BLACKWOOD, C. "Sexual assault." Clinics in Family Practice 7, no. 1 (March 2005): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cfp.2004.12.001.

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Sorenson, Susan B., Judith M. Siegel, Jacqueline M. Golding, and Judith A. Stein. "Repeated Sexual Victimization." Violence and Victims 6, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.4.299.

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Patterns of repeated victimization were investigated in a large community-based survey about sexual assault. Multiple victimization was common: of the 433 sexually assaulted respondents, two-thirds reported more than one incident; the average number of incidents per person was 3.2. Single- and multiple-incident victims of sexual assault did not differ on a wide range of variables including demographics, mental disorders, and general functioning (e.g., suicide attempts, family violence). Thus, once an initial victimization occurred, personal characteristics of the victim were not related to risk for subsequent sexual assault. Additional research which obtains more specific information on each event is needed to strengthen confidence in these findings. Considerations for research on multiple victimization are discussed. Further research may benefit from exploring contextual factors and using longitudinal research methods.

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Haikalis, Michelle, Ruschelle M. Leone, Dominic J. Parrott, and David DiLillo. "Sexual Assault Survivor Reports of Missed Bystander Opportunities: The Role of Alcohol, Sexual Objectification, and Relational Factors." Violence Against Women 24, no. 10 (July 23, 2018): 1232–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218781941.

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Examination of situations in which bystanders missed intervention opportunities to prevent sexual assault can advance our understanding of how bystanders can prevent sexual assault. The present study utilized an incident-specific approach based on reports from 427 female sexual assault victims (ages 18-25 years) recruited via Mechanical Turk. Results indicate that bystanders had an opportunity to intervene before 23% of sexual assaults, alcohol use in settings with bystanders was widespread (by perpetrators, victims, and bystanders), and several factors were more common in situations involving missed intervention opportunity. Findings provide useful information for continued development of bystander training and new directions in bystander research.

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Wilcox, Pamela, Carol E. Jordan, and Adam J. Pritchard. "Fear of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape as a “Master Status”: Towards Refinement of the “Shadow of Sexual Assault”." Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.355.

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Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crime-specific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault by a stranger and fear of other stranger-perpetrated crimes. Findings have significant implications for how academic institutions should comprehensively address direct and indirect negative influences of violence against college women.

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Butt, Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Maqsood, Faizan Maqsood, and Muhammad Zahid Bashir. "A Systematic Review of Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARC)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023173501.

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Background: Sexual violence against women is a commonly prevalent human rights violation and a widespread public health problem. It is associated with substantial short and long-term ill consequences for women and their families. As the response of the community is increasing day by day to sexual assault, new interventions have evolved in the form of sexual assault centers. These centers are community-based organizations that work to counteract the potential negative impacts of sexual assaults on the physical, mental, and psychological health of the victims. Objective: The objective of the study is to find out the multi-disciplinary professional services provided by these centers globally to treat sexual assault victims. Methods: The information is collected from secondary sources. This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Online databases were searched including, Research Gate, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and the search included the term ‘sexual assault centers, rape crisis centers, integrated services at sexual assault centers’. Results: The important post-assault services provided by these centers include medical treatment, forensic examination, police services, and psychological counseling to the sufferers of the tragic event. In addition, these centers are also involved in carrying out significant research and educational work. Practical Implication: These rape crisis centers are providing multidisciplinary services to rape victims including services of specially trained nurses, treatment and care of medical injuries, forensic medical examination, police services, counseling by psychologists and a highly organized follow-up. Conclusion: These centers are providing valuable multidisciplinary services including medical treatment, forensic examination, police services, and psychological counseling to the sufferers of sexual abuse under one roof. The understanding of these multidisciplinary services could be used to endorse the development of sexual assault centers in different parts of the world Keywords: Sexual assault, sexual assault centers, multidisciplinary services

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Peitzmeier, Sarah, Micah Hopkins, and Charlene Y. Senn. "Empowering trans and nonbinary students against sexual assault." Open Access Government 43, no. 1 (July 10, 2024): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11260.

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Empowering trans and nonbinary students against sexual assault Sarah Peitzmeier, Micah Hopkins and Charlene Y. Senn describe how an effective sexual assault resistance program for women is being adapted for trans and nonbinary students. Transgender and nonbinary college students face a staggering rate of sexual violence, with national estimates suggesting that 40% of trans and nonbinary undergraduates are sexually assaulted during their four-year enrollment. (1) Even so, no sexual assault prevention programs for trans and nonbinary students have been designed, tested, and widely implemented.

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Smith, Paige Hall, Gloria E. Thornton, Robert Devellis, Joanne Earp, and Ann L. Coker. "A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships." Violence Against Women 8, no. 10 (October 2002): 1208–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107780120200801004.

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The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sexual assault'

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