Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sexism in language Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Sexism in language Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Pauwels, Anne. "Language planning, language reform and the sexes in Australia." Language and Gender in the Australian Context 10 (January 1, 1993): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.10.02pau.

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Abstract This paper deals with the phenomena of linguistic sexism and non-sexist language reform (feminist language planning) in the Australian context. It surveys Australian work on linguistic sexism and discusses various aspects of non-sexist language reform in Australia. Particular emphasis is placed on problematic issues relating to feminist language planning, i.e. the selection and evaluation of non-sexist alternatives and the implementation mechanisms for this type of reform. Linguistic change resulting from the reform initiatives and its spread throughout the community is also described briefly.
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Pauwels, Anne. "Language and gender research in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.10.2.13pau.

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Abstract In this article research on the relationship between language and gender in Australian society Is surveyed. Three main areas are discussed: gender differencies in the use of Australian English; the issue of sexism in Australian language use; and the role of gender in the maintenance of languages other than English (Aboriginal and immigrant languages). The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the recent developments in and further tasks for Australian language gender research.
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Winter, Joanne, and Anne Pauwels. "Mapping trajectories of change – women’s and men’s practices and experiences of feminist linguistic reform in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.26.1.03win.

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In this paper we address the issue of the evaluation of feminist language planning in Australia. Through case studies of some self-identified linguistic reformers and non-sexist language users we present a ‘trajectory’ framework for the exploration of evaluation as part of the language planning cycle. We map the users’ trajectories of change through documenting their ‘first contact’ with gender bias in language (an initiating trajectory), their responses, practices and actions in relation to this (a trajectory of practice) and their perceived roles in bringing about, facilitating and spreading change (a trajectory of agency). This documentation reveals narratives of resistance and empowerment through engagement with change in the context of dominant discourses but sometimes also of powerlessness and oppression through rejection and opposition. The outcomes of this analysis suggest multiple and complex interpretations and iterations of feminist linguistic reform evidenced through the mapping of trajectories.
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Palmer, Catherine, and Kirrilly Thompson. "The Paradoxes of Football Spectatorship: On-Field and Online Expressions of Social Capital among the “Grog Squad”." Sociology of Sport Journal 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.2.187.

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In this article we examine the cultural practices of a group of South Australian football supporters known as the “Grog Squad.” While hard drinking is undeniably a central part of this group of exclusively male fans, being a “Groggie” is much more than just being in a boozy boys club. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork undertaken throughout the 2005 South Australian football season, as well as Internet research, we argue that the style of support engaged in by the Grog Squad represents a paradox for how we typically understand football fans. On the one hand, much of the language and behavior of the Grog Squad is characteristic of the aggressive masculinity common in male contact sports. On the other, being a Groggie provides access to a range of resources, benefits, networks, and supports that confound many of the popular assumptions about male social relationships in sport. To explain the arrant sexism and homophobia of the Grog Squad simply in terms of hegemonic masculinity is to obscure the very real social supports and connections (best described as social capital) that are often overlooked in studies of male sports fans.
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Pauwels, Anne. "Non-sexist language reform and generic pronouns in Australian English." English World-Wide 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2001): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.1.06pau.

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This paper explores changes in the use of generic pronouns in Australian English. We examine a database of public non-scripted speech to establish to what extent generic pronouns promoted through non-sexist language reform have become part of public speech. The results show that the use of masculine generic he has decreased substantially mainly in favour of singular they. The pronoun he or she does not appear to have been adopted widely by people speaking in a public context.
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Piercey, Margaret. "Sexism in the English Language." TESL Canada Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v17i2.893.

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Szpyra-Kozłowska, Jolanta. "Language and Sexism bySara Mills." Journal of Sociolinguistics 14, no. 2 (April 2010): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2010.00443_4.x.

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Pazhoohi, Farid. "Book Review: Language and Sexism." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (May 20, 2013): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x13481344.

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Lepschy, Giulio. "Sexism and the Italian language." Italianist 7, no. 1 (June 1987): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ita.1987.7.1.158.

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He, Ali, and Yang Zhang. "Sexism in English Proverbs and Idioms." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0902.27.

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The study of “language and gender” has been always popular among linguistics. Language, as a mirror of the society, reflects a nation’s values and beliefs. Sexism against women has been common in English-speaking countries. So we can also see sexism in English here and there. Proverbs and idioms are blood and guts of a nation. This paper pays much attention to the sexism in English proverbs and idioms. This paper first discusses the preview studies about sexism and the definition of English proverbs and idioms; and then the thesis expounds the manifestations of sexism in proverbs and idioms from the perspectives of social status, wisdom, character, and marriage; then the paper also makes deep studies into the causes of sexism from three aspects: society, culture and psychology; finally, this paper indicates the development trend of sexism in English proverbs and idioms. Through the studies on English proverbs and idioms, this paper tries to reveal the phenomenon of sexism in language and find out solutions to help people reduce and eliminate discrimination against women in society and language.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Archer, Erika. "Attitudes and practices regarding the generic masculine pronouns in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19739850.

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Ågren, Linda. "Linguistic sexism in mermaid tales : a study of linguistic sexism involving the mermaid figure in films." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11764.

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Swickard, Nancy E. "Girl is a four-letter word : gender biased image and language." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014802.

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The purpose of my graduate thesis creative project, Girl Is a Four-Letter Word: Gender Biased Imaqe and Language is to call attention to the subliminal messages about stereotypical female qualities and female role expectations transmitted through the use of our language. My focus is on classroom visuals and reading textbooks used in the 1950s and 1960s, which illustrate very separate paths of gender social development. I have created a series of twenty-two paintings, in which I have juxtaposed images inspired from old textbooks and mild four-letter words to illustrate double-entendre associations and implied sexual innuendoes in everyday language.The creative project began with extensive research to find examples of textbooks from the 1950s, to review the textbooks in the historical context of America's educational goals and to study artists who have investigated themes of language and meaning of images in their work. Specific artists researched who have explored these ideas historically include Rene Magritte, Jasper Johns and Barbara Kruger. The actual artworks of several abstract expressionists were examined closely because of a similarity in painting technique and style.The paintings produced for this thesis project were executed with oil paint on recycled stretched canvases. Thick paints were applied straight from the tube and layered in thick impasto. The composition of all paintings include a vignetted image or isolated object in the center of the canvas with a label placed below, similar to the format of flashcards used for learning to read. The image and words together create a relationship pointing out blatant gender-biased associations, displayed with tongue-in-cheek humor.
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Hawken, Leanne. "Teaching nonsexist language." Scholarly Commons, 1996. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2299.

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Studies have shown that people are opposed to writing in nonsexist language and that attempts to teach nonsexist language have been unsuccessful in causing people to change their writing styles. Previous studies focused on how to write in nonsexist language, but did not focus on why using nonsexist language is important. In the present study an attempt was made to change attitudes toward sexist language, as well as to teach how to write in nonsexist language by comparing two methods of teaching nonsexist language. All participants completed an interactive computer program that taught nonsexist language. The experimental group then discussed/role played the importance of writing in nonsexist language whereas the control group discussed/role played ethical issues involved in experimental research. Groups were compared on their attitudes towards sexist language using the Hawken Sexist Language Questionnaire, designed for this study. Groups were also compared on how well they recognized sexist language using the Gender-Specific Language Scale and wrote in nonsexist language when answering six short essay questions. Results showed no difference between the experimental group and the control group on any of the dependent measures post-intervention or during a 3-week follow-up. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Roos, Beverley. "Women and the Word : issues of power, control and language in social and religious life." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16636.

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Bibliography: pages 151-157.
The intention of this thesis is to offer a perspective on the current debate over women's place in Western religious institutions, i.e. the Judaeo-Christian tradition; and to provide a way of thinking about those issues which will lead to a positive, progressive and realistic vision of co-humanity, and a method of achieving it. The thorny battleground of the "women's debate", as it is inaccurately named, was not my original choice of thesis topic. A lifelong commitment to feminist principles has been matched with an equally lengthy wariness regarding society's attitude towards such matters. Also, the understandable obsession of South African religious studies departments, and journals, with the issue of racism has had the inevitable result of trivializing the related issue of sexism as secondary. The narrowness of such thinking has led to strange distortions, including the belief that evil can somehow be 'ranked' and that there can be a 'hierarchy' of oppression. My intentions changed during a search of religious publications and journals while completing a post-graduate assignment. It was abundantly apparent that the scale of the debate on women's place in religion was fast outstripping most other debates. However, it was not an area which had been treated locally with seriousness. It had unfolded into a comprehensive and highly contentious debate in North American and British campuses and religious institutions, and the proliferation of books and articles on the subject by not only theologians but also sociologists, anthropologists and linguists had greatly extended the platform and the level on which the debate was to be fought. It appeared that women working in many fields were laying claim to religion, and were engaging issues which had previously been left to the handful of articulate women working at least nominally within orthodox structures.
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Garn, Eric M. "Death, Power and Sexism in "Temblor" by Rosa Montero." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1352921304.

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Demberg, Rebecca. "Linguistic sexism : A study of sexist language in a British online newspaper." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36871.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sexist language-use in the British online newspaper The Daily Mail. The material consists of 162 articles that were analysed by using feminist stylistics. The scope of the study was limited to selected features from feminist stylistics at word- and discourse-level. The features of linguistic sexism analysed were the use of gendered generic words, naming of females and males and how female and male characters are described. The gender of the journalists was also analysed to examine if it affected the language-use in terms of sexism. The results show that linguistic sexism is expressed to some extent at both word-level and discourse-level. At word-level linguistic sexism is expressed inthe generic use of some masculine words, the difference of how first name and surname are used to refer to women and men and in the use of titles. At the level of discourse linguistic sexism is expressed in the difference of how women and men are referred to in terms of their relationship to others and in terms of appearance. The gender of the journalist did not show any significance for the language-use in terms of sexism. Considering the limited material of the study, the results might not be suitable for generalisations. The results are nonetheless interesting and it can be concluded that the toolkit of feminist stylistic is relevant to this day and that linguistic sexism exists to some extent in the online version of The Daily Mail.
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Hammarqvist, Kristensen Johanna. "Linguistic sexism in a digitally native news outlet : A study on linguistic sexism at lexical and discourse levels in Buzzfeed News." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71404.

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In 2018, most news articles are consumed online from a digitally native news outlet and it is therefore appropriate to examine the presence of linguistic sexism in the digitally native news site Buzzfeed News. The material is made up of 159 articles collected from Buzzfeed News. Selected features at the lexical and discourse levels are analysed using a quantitative method with qualitative elements. The selected features at the lexical level include generic pronouns and nouns, focused on the affix -man- and naming practices for females and males. At the discourse level, the selected features include how females and males are described in terms of their relationships, appearance and age-related words. Linguistic sexism is found to be expressed at both the lexical and discourse levels in the material. It is mainly expressed in naming practices, the use of relationship words and age-related words.
Dagens nyhetskonsument får, enligt studier, de flesta av sina nyheter från källor online och då främst från digitalt inhemska nyhetskällor, också känt som digitally native news outlets. Detta innebär att det därför är lämpligt att undersöka närvaron av språklig sexism i den digitally native news outlet Buzzfeed News. Materialet i studien består av 159 artiklar insamlade från Buzzfeed News. Utvalda språkliga markörer på ord- och diskursnivå är analyserade med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod med kvalitativa element. De utvalda markörerna på ordnivå inkluderar generiska pronomen och substantiv med fokus på affixet -man- och hur kvinnor och män namnges. De utvalda markörerna på diskursnivå som studeras inkluderarar hur kvinnor och män beskrivs vad gäller deras relationer till andra, utseende och åldersrelaterade ord. Språklig sexism finns uttryckt både på ord- och diskursnivå i materialet och det är huvudsakligen uttryckt i hur kvinnor och män namnges, användandet av relationsord och åldersrelaterade ord.
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Magness, Elizabeth Bryant. "Language in the church's worship." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Lee, Lily N. "Is portraying God with female imagery a resymbolization of language of faith?" Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Language and sexism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Coates, Jennifer. Language and sexism. Duisburg: Linguistic Agency, University of Duisburg, 1987.

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Shards of glass: Children reading and writing beyond gendered identities. Cresskill, N.J: Hampton Press, 1993.

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Davies, Bronwyn. Shards of glass: Children reading and writing beyond gendered identities. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2002.

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Shards of glass: Children reading and writing beyond gendered identities. St. Leonards, N.S.W., Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1993.

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Macwilliam, Anita. Is there sexism in Kiswahili? Dar es Salaam: WRDP, 1985.

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Goddard, Angela. The language awareness project, years 10 and 11: Language and gender. Lancaster, (England): Framework Press Educational Publishers, 1989.

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Parole tossiche: Cronache di ordinario sessismo. Cagli (PU): Settenove, 2014.

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1942-, Blair David, and Collins Peter 1950-, eds. English in Australia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2001.

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MediaWatch. Sexist language workshop. [Vancouver, B.C: MediaWatch, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Lepschy, Giulio. "Language and Sexism." In Women and Italy, 117–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21260-6_6.

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Bauer, Laurie, Janet Holmes, and Paul Warren. "Sexist Language and Linguistic Sexism." In Language Matters, 157–68. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-91953-6_16.

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Bolinger, Dwight. "A case in point: sexism." In Language – The Loaded Weapon, 103–20. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003195054-9.

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Kaplan, Robert B., and Richard B. Baldauf. "Language Planning in Australia." In Language Policy, 143–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0145-7_9.

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Bowern, Claire. "Language Isolates of Australia." In Language Isolates, 323–43. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge language family series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315750026-12.

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Baldwin, Jennifer Joan. "Australia: Both Multicultural and Multilingual." In Language Policy, 75–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05795-4_4.

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Hobson, John. "Language Revival in Australia." In The Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization, 320–29. New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561271-41.

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Kovács, Magdolna. "Hungarian in Australia." In Hungarian Language Contact Outside Hungary, 319–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.20.17kov.

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Troy, Jakelin, and Michael Walsh. "Terminology Planning in Aboriginal Australia." In Language Planning and Policy: Language Planning in Local Contexts, edited by Anthony J. Liddicoat and Richard B. Baldauf Jr, 156–70. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847690647-011.

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Eisenchlas, Susana A., and Andrea C. Schalley. "Early Language Education in Australia." In Handbook of Early Language Education, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47073-9_26-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Chen, Zhemin. "Critical Discourse Analysis of Sexism in English Language." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-16.2016.79.

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Parikh, Pulkit, Harika Abburi, Pinkesh Badjatiya, Radhika Krishnan, Niyati Chhaya, Manish Gupta, and Vasudeva Varma. "Multi-label Categorization of Accounts of Sexism using a Neural Framework." In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1174.

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Li, Qiuyu. "Australia Media Studies." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220131.058.

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Kusumaningsih, Dewi, Wiwik Darmini, Suparmin Suparmin, Sukarno Sukarno, and Farida Nugrahani. "The Expressive Urban Cultures Exposed in Vulgar Song Lyrics (The Study of Language Sexism)." In 2nd Workshop on Language, Literature and Society for Education. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-12-2018.2282661.

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Baker Gillis, Noa. "Sexism in the Judiciary: The Importance of Bias Definition in NLP and In Our Courts." In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.gebnlp-1.6.

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Qiu, Jianna, and Ke Xu. "A Critical Understanding of English Language Provision in Australia." In 2015 Joint International Social Science, Education, Language, Management and Business Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jisem-15.2015.42.

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Sen, Indira, Mattia Samory, Claudia Wagner, and Isabelle Augenstein. "Counterfactually Augmented Data and Unintended Bias: The Case of Sexism and Hate Speech Detection." In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.347.

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Kusumaningsih, Dewi, Riyadi Santosa, Mr Djatmika, and D. Edi Subroto. "qKesaktianmuq an Expression of Language Beauty with the Content of Infidelity in a Popular Love Song Study of Language Creativity and Sexism." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.172.

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Singh, Smriti, Tanvi Anand, Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury, and Zeerak Waseem. "“Hold on honey, men at work”: A semi-supervised approach to detecting sexism in sitcoms." In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Student Research Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-srw.19.

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Margareta, Regine, and Lisetyo Ariyanti. "Attributive Words in Tourism Magazines in Australia." In 2nd Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Conference: Establishing Identities through Language, Culture, and Education (SOSHEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/soshec-18.2018.33.

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Reports on the topic "Sexism in language Australia"

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Gattenhof, Sandra, Donna Hancox, Sasha Mackay, Kathryn Kelly, Te Oti Rakena, and Gabriela Baron. Valuing the Arts in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Queensland University of Technology, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227800.

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The arts do not exist in vacuum and cannot be valued in abstract ways; their value is how they make people feel, what they can empower people to do and how they interact with place to create legacy. This research presents insights across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand about the value of arts and culture that may be factored into whole of government decision making to enable creative, vibrant, liveable and inclusive communities and nations. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a great deal about our societies, our collective wellbeing, and how urgent the choices we make now are for our futures. There has been a great deal of discussion – formally and informally – about the value of the arts in our lives at this time. Rightly, it has been pointed out that during this profound disruption entertainment has been a lifeline for many, and this argument serves to re-enforce what the public (and governments) already know about audience behaviours and the economic value of the arts and entertainment sectors. Wesley Enoch stated in The Saturday Paper, “[m]etrics for success are already skewing from qualitative to quantitative. In coming years, this will continue unabated, with impact measured by numbers of eyeballs engaged in transitory exposure or mass distraction rather than deep connection, community development and risk” (2020, 7). This disconnect between the impact of arts and culture on individuals and communities, and what is measured, will continue without leadership from the sector that involves more diverse voices and perspectives. In undertaking this research for Australia Council for the Arts and Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture & Heritage, New Zealand, the agreed aims of this research are expressed as: 1. Significantly advance the understanding and approaches to design, development and implementation of assessment frameworks to gauge the value and impact of arts engagement with a focus on redefining evaluative practices to determine wellbeing, public value and social inclusion resulting from arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. 2. Develop comprehensive, contemporary, rigorous new language frameworks to account for a multiplicity of understandings related to the value and impact of arts and culture across diverse communities. 3. Conduct sector analysis around understandings of markers of impact and value of arts engagement to identify success factors for broad government, policy, professional practitioner and community engagement. This research develops innovative conceptual understandings that can be used to assess the value and impact of arts and cultural engagement. The discussion shows how interaction with arts and culture creates, supports and extends factors such as public value, wellbeing, and social inclusion. The intersection of previously published research, and interviews with key informants including artists, peak arts organisations, gallery or museum staff, community cultural development organisations, funders and researchers, illuminates the differing perceptions about public value. The report proffers opportunities to develop a new discourse about what the arts contribute, how the contribution can be described, and what opportunities exist to assist the arts sector to communicate outcomes of arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.

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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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3

Mapping the Public Voice for Development—Natural Language Processing of Social Media Text Data: A Special Supplement of Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022. Asian Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls220347-3.

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This publication explores how natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be applied to social media text data to map public sentiment and inform development research and policy making. The publication introduces the foundations of natural language analyses and showcases studies that have applied NLP techniques to make progress on the Sustainable Development Goals. It also reviews specific NLP techniques and concepts, supported by two case studies. The first case study analyzes public sentiments on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the Philippines while the second case study explores the public debate on climate change in Australia.
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