Academic literature on the topic 'Sexism advertising'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sexism advertising"

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Navarro-Beltrá, Marián, and Marta Martín-Llaguno. "Bibliometric analysis of research on women and advertising: Differences in print and audiovisual media." Comunicar 21, no. 41 (June 1, 2013): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c41-2013-10.

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The media in general, and advertising in particular, are considered as important agents of socialization, including genderrelated issues. Thus the legislator has focused on the regulation of the images of women and men in advertisements. However, regulations prohibiting sexist advertising in Spain pay specific attention to audiovisual media. The objective of this study is to check whether this unequal interest also takes place in academic research. This paper analyzes the differences in the scientific literature (national and international) on the sexism in advertising depending on the media. Specifically we examine the methodology, techniques and ways to measure concepts. In order to do this, we conduct a systematic review of studies on gender and advertising published in Spanish or English between 1988 and 2010 in seven databases Spanish (Dialnet, Compludoc, ISOC), or international (Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed and Eric).The main results of the 175 texts analyzed show that, unlike legislative controls, the academy has studied mainly sexism in advertising in print media, although interest by analysis of the treatment of gender in the discourse of advertising audiovisual seems to be increasing. Los medios de comunicación en general, y la publicidad en particular, son considerados importantes agentes de socialización, incluso en temas relacionados con el género. No en vano el legislador se ha preocupado por la regulación de las imágenes de mujeres y hombres trasmitidas en los anuncios. Sin embargo, las normativas que prohíben la publicidad sexista en España prestan específica atención a los medios audiovisuales en detrimento del resto. En este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo es comprobar si este dispar interés según soporte se reproduce en la investigación. Así, se consideran las diferencias en la producción científica (nacional e internacional) sobre el sexismo publicitario en función del medio de comunicación observando específicamente la metodología, las técnicas y la forma concreta de medir este concepto en los artículos. Para ello se realiza una revisión sistemática de los estudios sobre publicidad y género publicados en español o en inglés entre 1988 y 2010 indexados en siete importantes bases de datos españolas (Dialnet, Compludoc, Isoc) e internacionales (Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed y Eric). A partir del análisis de los 175 textos seleccionados, los resultados apuntan que, a diferencia de los controles legislativos, la academia ha estudiado mayoritariamente el sexismo publicitario en los medios impresos, aunque el interés por el análisis del tratamiento de género en los discursos publicitarios audiovisuales parece irse acrecentando.
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Montes, Antonia. "Gender stereotyping and retro-sexism in advertising discourse from a postfeminist perspective." Feminismo/s, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.07.

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Negative female stereotypes and the portrayal of women in traditional and non-agentive social roles prevail in advertising. Advertisers believe that it is an effective advertising strategy to misuse postfeminist standpoints, stressing liberated womanhood and constructing a universe where women have gained it all and men have to reconquer their lost ground. This article analyses the appropriation of postfeminist discourse with the aim of showing how negative and even demeaning female stereotypes and clichés are represented, and by doing so, how a retro-sexist imagery is constructed within the advertising discourse. Undertaking a case study analysis of an advertising campaign of the brand IWC, a luxury brand for watches, and applying a feminist critical discourse perspective (Lazar, 2005, 2007), which shows the gender asymmetries in discourse, it is argued that advertising perpetuates misbeliefs about women’s roles in society and reinforces demeaning female stereotypes in the collective imaginary about the understanding of gender equality.
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Poon, Stephen T. F. "Objectification and Sensibility: A Critical Look at Sexism as Subtext in Postfeminist Advertising." Asian Social Science 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n2p17.

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This paper explores the phenomenon of sex in advertising to understand the relationship between objectification of gender, sex, sexuality and representations of femininity through advertising subtexts, processes and discourses. Literature shows the usage of sexism in advertising and marketing veers in extreme scopes between blatant explicitness and stylish subtlety, depending on the cultural contexts and norms of the target market. Using qualitative case examples, advertising campaigns highlight objectification of sexual desires as an antithesis of postfeminist thought. Rhetorical analysis was performed on advertisement samples, building from postfeminist perspectives in marketing theories. Examples of visual rhetoric in beer, feminine product commercials and social cause campaigns are discussed. Findings demonstrate cultural expressions of postfeminist sensibility adapted for specific femininity contexts. Overall, sexism subtexts are shown to be a continued challenge in developing persuasive advertising rhetoric for the postfeminist era. Non-translatability and cultural adaptations to consumer segments suggests that the use of sex to visually communicate marketing information to an increasingly diverse marketplace face much social pressure today than in the past. Femininity themes in postfeminist advertising could be more effectively portrayed through subtle techniques such as irony and sarcasm, and in more inclusive, diverse, pragmatic and respectful femininity representations.
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Velasco Sacristán, María Sol, and María Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos. "Persuasive nature of image schematic devices in advertising: their use for introducing sexisms." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2009.22.15.

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This paper explores how persuasive is the exploitation of image-schematic devices in advertising, more specifically how they are used for introducing sexism. Using a combined axiological-relevance-theoretic approach we have analysed ten advertisements selected from an online corpus, ‘The Advertising is Good for You’ blog, and its section on ‘Sexist Advertising’. Our analyses have proved that image schematic devices are used to introduce sexism in the advertisements under analysis, mostly the image schemas of space, force, multiplicity and attribute, and mostly by means of covert and weakly overt forms of communication. These image schematic devices seem to be not merely representative of universal experience, but crucially tied to specific socio-cultural cognition, as also suggested by Sinha (2002), Kimmel (2005) and Zlatev (2005), and special cognitive effort and effects are involved with understanding them. Yet, although they seem to contradict a formal application of the Principle of Relevance, as they involve additional processing effort, this is often offset by the extra effects like the pleasure in processing the ad and ‘getting’ the right meaning and value(s). This pleasurable experience is one important way in which advertisements are persuasive (Meyers-Levy and Malaviya, 1999).
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Gill, Rosalind. "Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising." Feminism & Psychology 18, no. 1 (February 2008): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353507084950.

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Benton-Greig, Paulette, Dhakshi Gamage, and Nicola Gavey. "Doing and denying sexism: online responses to a New Zealand feminist campaign against sexist advertising." Feminist Media Studies 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1367703.

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Viytalyuk, Nadiya, and Yuliia Maslova. "Sexism in the advertising discourse of Ukraine: Analysis of «Jinsovik» and «El Paso» advertising." Pedagogy and Psychology of Sport 6, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/pps.2020.06.04.012.

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Arbak, Salwani, Rabiul Islam, and Harun Al Rasyid. "INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC ADVERTISING: ETHIC VIOLATION ON CUSTOMER PURCHASE INTENTION OF HALAL COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN MALAYSIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7398.

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Purpose of the study: This paper examines the relation between Muslim women customer offense due to Islamic advertising ethics violation and purchase intention of halal cosmetic products in Malaysia. Methodology: The relation between Muslim women customer offense due to Islamic advertising ethics violation of halal cosmetic products and purchase intention in Malaysia was examined through a survey that included 110 Muslim women respondents in Malaysia, who used cosmetics. The items used for the operationalization of variables were based on the advertising ethics provided by Quran and Sunnah. Based on the correlation results, this study reveals that Islamic advertising ethic violation (honesty, racism, sexism, intention, and language) has correlation with purchase intention. A multiple regression analysis highlighted that racism, sexism, intention, and language have negative and significant influence on purchase intention. Results: Only one variable was found that was not a significant influence on the purchase intention of halal cosmetic products in Malaysia. Sexism plays the most critical role in influencing consumers’ intention that makes them avoid buying halal cosmetic products. Furthermore, customer offense is created due to the violation of ethics and has a negative impact on purchase intention of halal cosmetic products. Implications: The current study confirms that irrespective of their religion as Muslims, women’s perspective find those advertisements offensive and unethical. The ethics provided by Islam are universal in nature.
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Arbak, Salwani, Rabiul Islam, and Harun Al Rasyid. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERTISEMENT AND PURCHASE INTENTION ON HALAL COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN MALAYSIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7399.

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Purpose of the Study: The aim of this paper is to examine the relation between Muslim women customer offense caused due to Islamic advertising of halal cosmetic products in Malaysia. Methodology: The violation of Islamic ethics on the advertisement of halal cosmetic products and purchase intention was examined through a survey that included 110 Muslim women respondents in Malaysia who used cosmetics. The items used for the operationalization of variables were based on the advertising ethics provided by Quran and Sunnah. The current study confirms that irrespective of their religion, women find those advertisements offensive that do not abide by Islamic ethics, which are universal in nature. Based on the correlation results, this study reveals that violation of Islamic advertising ethics (honesty, racism, sexism, intention, and language) has a correlation with purchase intention. A multiple regression analysis was highlighted and it was found that racism, sexism, intention, and language have negative and significant influence on purchase intention. Only one variable did not have a significant influence on purchase intention of halal cosmetic products in Malaysia. Results: Sexism plays the most critical role in influencing consumers’ intention that makes them avoid buying halal cosmetic products. Furthermore, customer offense created due to violation of ethics has a negative impact on the purchase intention of halal cosmetic products. If advertisers want to attract customers in Malaysia and retain them, then they must avoid creating customer offense by following Islamic advertising ethics. Implications: This study will be beneficial to marketers, advertisers, and companies in developing their advertising and marketing strategies for halal cosmetic products. In addition, this study has implemented the study of Islamic advertising ethic violations and purchase intentions of halal cosmetic products.
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Bronstein, Carolyn, and Jacqueline Lambiase. "“Mythologized for Its Misogyny”." Feminist Media Histories 4, no. 4 (2018): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2018.4.4.185.

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Much like other creative professions, the advertising industry and especially its creative departments have been host to a culture of discrimination and sexual harassment, with recent high-profile incidents leading to the formation of Time's Up/Advertising in 2018. These incidents have revived feminist consciousness-raising in new forms and old, inspiring new commitments to fighting sexism in agencies. This essay discusses the origins of Time's Up/Advertising and its initial actions, as well as the challenges the movement will face in its efforts to rid the advertising industry of misogyny. These problems must be solved if advertising aspires to remain a viable creative industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sexism advertising"

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Andersson, Hanna, and Emilia Schytt. "Sexism in Advertising : A Qualitative Study of the Influence on Consumer Attitudes Towards Companies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35770.

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Tarazona, Navarro Miriam Yolanda. "Representaciones de la mujer en la publicidad sexista. Un análisis desde la competencia mediática." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657566.

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El sexismo en la publicidad se encuentra perenne en nuestra sociedad al mostrar a la mujer con estereotipos de comportamiento y como un objeto sexual. Con intención de visibilizar la competencia mediática de las mujeres limeñas, de una brecha generacional, desde sus dimensiones del lenguaje e ideología y valores, se realizó el presente trabajo en donde se podrá observar si existe una mayor competencia mediática por parte de las mujeres jóvenes (Grupo 1) o si existe una competencia mediática desarrollada parcialmente en ambas muestras (Grupo 1 y Grupo 2). Para indagar las percepciones de las consumidoras, se realizaron catorce entrevistas a profundidad en donde se mostraron cuatro publicidades y se realizaron preguntas dirigidas para dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación planteada.
Sexism in advertising is perennial in our society by portraying women with stereotypical behaviors and as a sexual object. With the intention of making visible the media competence of Lima women, of a generation gap, from its dimensions of language and ideology and values, the present article was carried out where it can be observed if there is greater media competition on the part of young women (Group 1) or if there is a partially developed media competence in both samples (Group 1 and Group 2). To investigate consumer perceptions, fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted in which four advertisements were shown and directed questions were asked to answer the research question posed.
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Spears, Valerie L. "Ladies on the label a meta-analysis of stereotypes in advertising /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=798.

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Hofmann, Jan. "Gender Representation in TV Advertising regarding Social Interaction : The Construction of Stereotypes through Symbolism and Connotations." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31097.

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Gender representation is a frequently addressed field within media and communication studies in general and in the subject of TV advertising in particular. Previous research mainly focused on the detection of commonly exploited stereotypes that are used to portray women and men respectively. Much emphasize has been placed on the relationship between the sexes regarding social roles and professions, embedded in a cultural and ideological context. The purpose of this scientific work however is to examine how the construction of gender stereotypes in media takes place, which practices are used to connote meaning. Using a qualitative method, namely a visual discourse analysis, the aim of the study is to unveil subtle but also obvious symbols and characteristics that are used to represent feminine and masculine traits respectively in order to expand the current body of research. This proceeding marks an approach to have a closer look at the social interaction of females and males in TV advertisements in order to get an insight in the allocation of power and subsequently, social roles. Four TV advertisements are used as objects of investigation. As a theoretical fundament, the gender theories of sexism, masculinism and feminism are introduced. The findings suggest that the representation of women and men still follows strong patterns of stereotyping, not just on the level of role allocation but also on a behavioral level. However, the study comes to the conclusion that an asymmetric treatment of the sexes is not necessarily the result of gender stereotyping; in the case, both sexes are stereotyped similarly, not depicting either men or women dominating their counterparts in a global context.
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Nyström, Frida, and Mimmi Forsberg. "Is Sexism in Advertising really Necessary? : A quantitative study about Women's Attitudes towards Quality Attributes within the Female Fast Fashion Industry." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83739.

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Advertising is constantly surrounding us in different shapes, meaning that companies need to stand out in order to invoke people's attention. Advertising reflects the society's current norms which means that the media and society's values affect each other (Fagerström & Nilsson, 2008). Women have for a long time been objectified and presented in stereotypical roles since sexism is a common component in advertising (Grau & Zotos, 2016). An industry that is frequently being accused of promoting an asymmetrical image of women's bodies is the fast fashion industry (Fay & Price, 1994). It is crucial in both a societal- and business perspective to take responsibility when it comes to sexism in advertising. This study aims to examine female consumers attitudes towards quality attributes in advertising within the female fast fashion industry. Given the research purpose of this thesis, the research questions are: 1) How can the quality attributes in the female fast fashion industry be used to satisfy women as customers? 2) How does quality attributes contribute to customer (dis-)satisfaction in the female fast fashion industry? A preliminary study was organized to state consumers’ different attributes of sexism to use in the questionnaire. Followed by this was the main study with Kano pair questions that included 201 respondents. The pair questions were formulated by the attributes identified in the preliminary study. This study shows how all the presented attributes (“Size zero”, “White people”, “CIS-person”, “Functional variation”, “Unrealistic ideals”, “High level of nudity”, “Erotic way”, “Sexual desire”, “Body focus”, “Behind or breasts” and “Lips or mouth”) were classified as “Reversed” which is an indication of dissatisfaction and an urge for the attribute to be the opposite. This thesis demonstrates the relationship between the quality attributes and theories regarding objectification and portrayal of women. The customers’ attitudes towards the quality attributes correlate with the consequences as results of advertising in a sexist way. Businesses within the female fast fashion industry can prioritise the customer requirements for their advertisements in all assistance measurement and estimation of customer satisfaction in order to rise above the current way of advertising and become more customer oriented and to take responsibility and participation in the development of a gender equal society.
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Larsson, Ellinor, and Lovisa Ferngren. "Is it too late now to say sorry? : A descriptive research on how brands' responses towards sexism advertisements affect consumers' attitudes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104721.

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Background: Brands that decide to publish sexist advertisements can generate issues for the company, as well as the perception the consumer has of the brand can become negative. This as consumers form attitudes towards the brand’s delivered communication which influence the overall evaluation the consumer has towards the brand. It is therefore of importance for brands to understand how to respond to sexist advertisements that have been published in order to determine the created negative publicity, where one given approach is to apply one of the image repair strategies. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how a brand’s image repair strategy towards its sexist advertisement affects consumers’ attitudes. Methodology: This research undertook a qualitative research approach with a descriptive nature. In order to ensure that the advertisements were classified as sexist and that the image repair strategies correspond with the brand’s responses according to the public, a pre-study was conducted through five semi-structured interviews. For the main study eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with both men and women as participants within the ages of 19-56 years old. Findings: The thesis identified that consumers' attitudes were affected by the four components: correspondence between advertisement and response, authenticity in the response, clarity regarding what actions to take and pre-knowledge of the brand. These components are therefore of importance for companies to take in consideration when responding towards sexist advertisements that they have sent out. Conclusion: Regarding the image repair strategies it was found that the responses given through the strategies of denial, evasion of responsibility and reduction of offensives lacked in all detected components. Furthermore, mortification as a strategy was not perceived as negative regarding the responses, however it still lacked the components. Corrective action was the only strategy where consumers' attitudes did not become negative towards the correspondence and authenticity in the response. However, all five strategies lacked clarity regarding what actions to take.
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Francke, Vidar, and Ossian Veronese. "Let me Google "könsdiskriminering" for you : En intervjustudie om kommunikatörer bakom könsdiskriminerande reklam." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45363.

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The intention of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding, to how communicators who has been convicted for gender discrimination by The Swedish Advertising Ombudsman, view their own creative process and their ethical responsibility in society. With their answers we hope to be able to approach a greater understanding of why sexism in the advertising industry still occurs. To approach the question we have conducted qualitative semi-structured research interviews with communicators involved in the creative process of advertisements that have been convicted by the Swedish self-regulatory organization, The Swedish Advertising Ombudsman for gender discrimination. Our question is focusing on their creative process for the current ad, personal values and responsibility and how the conviction has affected them and their future processes. In the result we found out that external factors such as time, money and the client had a major role in the process but also in their general work. Most of the respondents answer to only themselves when they make moral judgements and they generally have a misplaced view of the definition of gender discrimination, or sexism. All respondents agree that communicators, including themselves, have an impact on our society but they do not consider their own work to be a part of reproducing values and stereotypes. Almost all respondents express a strong distrust for The Swedish Advertising Ombudsman where most of them do not agree with their decision. The convictions haven’t lead to any major consequences, although, most of the respondents claimed that they will spend more time reflecting about their ads before publishing it. Some of the respondents also said that they are going to ask the client twice if they really want to publish this work, even though it’s a risk that it might be convicted for gender discrimination. Many of these factors shows that the conviction has not led to any major consequences.
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Welling, Paula C. "Limited by Language: Words, Images, and Their Effect on Women." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1400944034.

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Bonham, Lorie N. "Gender Images and Power in Magazine Advertisements: The Consciousness Scale Revisited." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/1.

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This study re-evaluates the Consciousness Scale originally formulated by Pingree et al. in 1976. The element of assumed power was added to the Consciousness Scale, which was then used to evaluate 516 magazine advertisements from 1999 to determine if the Consciousness Scale still accurately evaluates sexism in media. A set of advertisements was culled which had contradictory Consciousness Scale and power ratings. The set was evaluated, revealing common themes, which created difficulty in coding these modern images. The study revealed that while the Consciousness Scale can still provide a valuable tool in evaluating media images, the change in the social dynamic of women as well as minorities and how advertisers portray them must be taken into account. The element of power as well as a more nuanced reading of each level of the Consciousness Scale creates a more modern and complex evaluation of gender images in the media.
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Perry, Kourtnie. "An analysis of race and gender portrayls [sic] on television commercials." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163799784.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, School of Communication, 2006.
"December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 10/15/2007) Advisor, Dudley B. Turner; Faculty readers, N. J. Brown, Kathleen D. Clark; Director, School of Communication, Carolyn Anderson ; Dean of the College, James Lynn; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Sexism advertising"

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Giroux, Isabelle. Le sexisme en publicité. [Vanier, Ont.]: Direction-jeunesse, 1993.

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Chris, Vientiane, and Vincent Aude, eds. Contre les publicités sexistes. Montreuil: Éditions L'Échappée, 2012.

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Adina, Brădeanu, and Dragomir Otilia, eds. Femei, cuvinte și imagini: Perspective feministe. Iași: Polirom, 2002.

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The Face of the Firm: Corporate Hegemonic Masculinity at Work. Routledge, 2016.

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Gregory, Michele Rene. Face of the Firm: Corporate Hegemonic Masculinity at Work. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Switzerland), Collectif Viol-Secours (Geneva, and Colloque sur la violence à l'égard des femmes (1989 : Geneva, Switzerland), eds. Femmes, sexisme et violence: Par le Collectif Viol-Secours. Genève: Collectif Viol-Secours, 1990.

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Spignesi, Stephen J., Michael Lewis, and Budd Ben B. Jr. Outdated Advertising: Sexist, Racist, Creepy, and Just Plain Tasteless Ads from a Pre-PC Era. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2017.

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Outdated Advertising: Sexist, Racist, Creepy, and Just Plain Tasteless Ads from a Pre-PC Era. Skyhorse, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sexism advertising"

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Keith, Thomas. "Advertising’s Sexist Call to Men." In The Bro Code, 104–23. New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429460524-5.

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Mager, John, Linda Summers-Hoskins, and James G. Helgeson. "Assessing Advertising Portrayals of Women: Toward Equality but Still Sexist." In Proceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 231–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13144-3_73.

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O’Driscoll, Aileen. "The Catch-22 of Advertising Practice (and Other Deflections): Perceived Challenges to Creating Less Sexist Content." In Learning to Sell Sex(ism), 155–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94280-3_5.

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Cardoso, Ana Sofia, Bruno Barbosa Sousa, and Ana Teresa Pedreiro. "Social Concerns in Advertising." In Handbook of Research on Policies, Protocols, and Practices for Social Work in the Digital World, 427–41. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7772-1.ch024.

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Sexism is a complex construct since authors have different notions to present about the topic. Some of them state that sexism is the actions of prejudice based on gender. Therefore, to understand the evolution of sexism in advertising, we should focus on a niche that is provided by the emotional appeals: sexual appeal. The consequences of these stereotypes range from affecting female self-image to misogynistic teachings to which female, male, and child sex are exposed in the ads in question. In today's society, feminists, activists, consumers, and some media have been expressing concern about the sexist representation of women in advertising. In an exploratory and conceptual perspective, this chapter presents contributions for communication, marketing, and publicity around the phenomenon of sexism.
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Cardoso, Ana Sofia Monteiro, Ana Teresa Pedreiro, and Bruno Barbosa Sousa. "Sexism and Advertising in the Global World." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, 216–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6799-9.ch012.

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The contribution that active sexism and daily sexist attitudes and behaviours provide to gender inequality happens in a large scale and seems to be a recurrent problem. The majority of authors' state that sexism can be divided in two categories: benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. One of the major problems is that the concept of sexism still faces, along with the concept of feminism, its society misunderstanding of the concepts. In an exploratory and conceptual perspective, this chapter presents contributions for communication, marketing, and advertising around the phenomenon of sexism. In a more practical contribution, the case study focuses on the motives why sexism in advertising doesn't seem to bother consumers when they decide to purchase an item. This chapter aims to present a critical review and theoretical contribution about sexism and advertising in the global world.
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Jacobson, Michael F., Laurie Ann Mazur, and Ralph Nader. "Sexism and Sexuality in Advertising." In Marketing Madness, 73–87. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429038938-5.

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"Language, sexism and advertising standards (2004)." In On Language and Sexual Politics, 35–50. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203715369-8.

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8

O’Neil, Cathy, and Hanna Gunn. "Near-Term Artificial Intelligence and the Ethical Matrix." In Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 237–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905033.003.0009.

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Abstract:
This chapter takes up the issue of near-term artificial intelligence, or the algorithms that are already in place in a variety of public and private sectors, guiding decisions from advertising and to credit ratings to sentencing in the justice system. There is a pressing need to recognize and evaluate the ways that structural racism, sexism, classism, and ableism may be embedded in and amplified by these systems. The chapter proposes a framework for ethical analysis that can be used to facilitate more robust ethical reflection in AI development and implementation. It presents an ethical matrix that incorporates the language of data science as a tool that data scientists can build themselves in order to integrate ethical analysis into the design process, addressing the need for immediate analysis and accountability over the design and deployment of near-term AI.
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