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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sex roles

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sex roles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sex roles"

1

Coleman, Marilyn, and Lawrence H. Ganong. "Sex, Sex-Roles, and Irrational Beliefs." Psychological Reports 61, no. 2 (October 1987): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.2.631.

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Irrational beliefs have been related to a variety of psychological distresses, some of which are thought of more in relation to one sex than the other, i.e., depression, nonassertiveness, anger. However, Ellis did not assert that there were sex differences in irrational beliefs, and few researchers have examined the effect of sex-role socialization on irrational beliefs. The present study explored the effect of sex and sex-roles on irrational beliefs for a sample of 270 college students using the Irrational Beliefs Test and Bern's scale. While the study supports the belief that sex and sex-role are not unidimensional constructs, the data suggest that differences in sex-role socialization contribute to differences in adherence to irrational beliefs. It appears, however, that a feminine sex-role orientation is related to irrational beliefs. Although study is needed, clinicians are cautioned not to assume there are no sex or sex-role differences related to irrational thinking.

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Ganong, Lawrence H., and Marilyn Coleman. "Sex, Sex Roles, and Emotional Expressiveness." Journal of Genetic Psychology 146, no. 3 (September 1985): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1985.9914469.

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Ganong, Lawrence H., and Marilyn Coleman. "Sex, Sex Roles, and Familial Love." Journal of Genetic Psychology 148, no. 1 (March 1987): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1987.9914535.

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Glazebrook, Catherine Kedy, and Barbara A. Munjas. "Sex Roles and Depression." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 24, no. 12 (December 1986): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19861201-04.

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Harris, Mary B. "Coeducation and Sex Roles." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 2 (August 1986): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000202.

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In order to test conflicting hypotheses about the effects of coeducational versus single-sex schooling, 538 first-term Australian university students who had attended single sex or coeducational high schools were compared on a number of variables relating to sex roles. Those from the two types of schools did not differ significantly on the Australian Sex Roles Inventory or on a measure of nontraditional attitudes towards sex roles, although males and females differed in predictable ways. Most subjects, particularly those from coeducational schools, felt that coeducational schools are preferable and lead to a more natural attitude towards the opposite sex. Subjects from coeducational rather than single-sex schools said that they had more opposite-sex friends in high school and were more likely to feel that their school helped rather than hindered their everyday relations with the opposite sex and their chances for a happy marriage. However subjects did not feel that boys and girls learn or behave better in coeducational schools, and there were no differences in the percentages of subjects from the two types of schools who reported having had sexual intercourse or been in love while in high school. The single-sex schools attended tended to differ from the coeducational ones in being smaller, more urban, and more likely to be selective, which made comparisons difficult to interpret. Nevertheless it seems reasonable to conclude that coeducational schooling, at least for this selective sample, may have some advantages in fostering interactions with the opposite sex.

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Shainess, Natalie. "Sex Roles and Psychopathology." American Journal of Psychotherapy 40, no. 4 (October 1986): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1986.40.4.624.

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Frieze, Irene Hanson, and Susan Dittrich. "Sex Roles is 35!" Sex Roles 62, no. 1-2 (December 24, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9720-7.

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Krausz, Susan Lavinsky. "Sex Roles within Marriage." Social Work 31, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.6.457.

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COOK, ELLEN PIEL. "Sex Roles and Work Roles: A Balancing Process." Vocational Guidance Quarterly 33, no. 3 (March 1985): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585x.1985.tb01312.x.

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Crawford, C. B. "Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Same-Sex Touch." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 2 (April 1994): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.391.

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Touch is an important aspect of nonverbal behavior. Important aspects of the relationship of gender and sex roles with same-sex touch were highlighted. 259 subjects participated in the procedure, yielding a significant difference between men and women on same-sex touch. Further, androgyny was significantly correlated with ratings on the Same-sex Touching Scale. Specific conclusions regarding these findings were discussed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex roles"

1

Chuick, Christopher D. "The connection between extramarital sex and sex roles." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999chuickc.pdf.

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Wang, Chunde. "Roles of sex steroids in reproduction of the sea scallop." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66680.pdf.

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Lanter, Jason Richard. "“Not that there’s anything wrong with that…”: Perceptions of Masculine Men and Feminine Men as a Breadwinner or Caregiver." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218060049.

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Marchese, Sara. "The relationship between gender roles and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual relationships /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56926.

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This study explores the interactive effects of stereotypical masculine and feminine personality traits and attitudes upon individual and dyadic sexual satisfaction. It was hypothesized that (a) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to masculinity and femininity, as defined by the presence of instrumental and expressive qualities, for both males and females, (b) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to androgyny for both males and females, and (c) couples consisting of two androgynous partners would be more sexually satisfied than couples where both partners were sex-typed (i.e., masculine male-feminine female), cross-typed (i.e., feminine male-masculine female) or undifferentiated. The sample consisted of heterosexual married and cohabiting couples (N = 93). Subjects completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960, cited in Robinson, Shaver & Wrightman, 1991), the Short Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976, 1989) and the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (PSSI; Pinney, Gerrard & Denney, 1987). The first hypothesis is rejected for both males and females, the second hypothesis is supported for males and rejected for females, and the third hypothesis is supported for couples. Instrumentality is negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction, particularly for women, while expressivity is positively correlated with sexual satisfaction for both men and women. Androgynous men and feminine women are more sexually satisfied than any other group; in both cases however, it is suggested that increments in expressivity account for increases in sexual satisfaction. Androgynous couples are more sexually satisfied than sex-typed, cross-typed, and undifferentiated couples; however, self-reported sexual satisfaction varies for individual partners. Implications for the existing androgyny model regarding sexual satisfaction are discussed.

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Cutler, Scott V. "The Relationship of Depression, Gender, and Sex Roles." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6038.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gender and depression as a function of sex roles. Four hundred twenty subjects were recruited from two introductory psychology courses at Utah State University. Subjects completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A difference was found in the rate of depression between females and males that exceeds the generally accepted 2:1 ratio. There was a female to male ratio of approximately 4:1 in the group of subjects who indicated a high level of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory. Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the dependent variable (BDI scores) and the independent variables (BSRI Masculinity scale, Femininity scale, and four factors of the BSRI). Factors indicating nurturing, independence, and activity were negatively correlated with depression. The Masculinity scale was positively correlated with depression. These findings contradict the theory that being feminine contributes to the higher incidence of depression among females. The results suggest that people with more active, independent, and nurturing personality traits are less inclined to be depressed.

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Emerson, Elizabeth A. "Gender, sex roles and the depressive experience." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/239.

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Cutler, Scott V. "Gender and Depression: Analysis of the Effects of Sex Roles, Sex-Role Self-Discrepancy, and Attributional Style." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6082.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of attributional style, sex roles, and sex-role self-discrepancy in the relationship between gender and depression. Epidemiological studies report a higher incidence of depression among women then men (approximately 2:1). Among the various theories suggested to explain this gender difference, sex roles, attributional style, and self-discrepancy have been conceived as possible explanations. The relationship between gender and depression may be better understood through examining the possible contribution of these three independent variables. To examine these theories, a sample of 130 subjects was drawn from clients at the USU Counseling Center, the USU Community Clinic, the Logan Regional Hospital, and students from an introductory psychology class at USU. Participation was based on voluntary informed consent of the subjects and approval of the above mentioned institutions. Each subject completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Extended Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ), and a revised version of the short Bern Sex-Role Inventory (SBSRI) measuring ideal versus actual self. Path analysis was used to examine the sequence of the relationships presumed by the androgyny model, congruence model, and masculinity model. Neither sex role was found to correlate significantly with depression. Overall, the directions of the path coefficients best supported the androgyny model, but these coefficients were too weak to explain the variance. Attributional style was related to depression, but no gender difference was found in the correlation between attributional style and depression. The correlation coefficient between feminine self-discrepancy and depression was positive but statistically insignificant for the females from the clinical sample and very small for females from the student sample. Overall, attributional style, sex-roles, and self-discrepancy in sex-role characteristics were not found to contribute to the higher rate of depression in women.

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Simonsen, Gregory. "Masculine Role Conflict in Gay Men: Mediation of Psychological Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278913/.

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Gender role issues have been an integral part of psychology since the 1970s. More recently, theories and research have surfaced concerning the issues of maleness in our society. Most of these theories focus on masculine gender role and how it affects men in various ways, e.g., their psychological well-being, substance use, relational abilities, and help-seeking behaviors. One area of maleness that has consistently been left out of the Masculine Role Conflict (MRC) debate is that of homosexuality. As a gay man develops, he finds himself at odds with society over something that he experiences biologically as normal and appropriate. It is the contention of this paper that MRC is an issue related to psychological distress among gay men and not psychological weakness in gay men, per se.

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VanEvery, Joanne. "Anti-sexist living arrangements : a feminist research project." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386026.

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Hamilton, Shana Valere. "Affectional orientation, sex roles, and reasons for living." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0705101-110123/unrestricted/hamiltonss0720a.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Sex roles"

1

Sargent, Alice G. Beyond sex roles. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1985.

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1939-, Sargent Alice G., ed. Beyond sex roles. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1985.

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Sex roles and personal awareness. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1990.

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Delamont, Sara. Sex roles and the school. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1990.

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Sex roles and the school. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1990.

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1948-, Hargreaves David J., and Colley Ann M, eds. The Psychology of sex roles. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1987.

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1948-, Hargreaves David J., and Colley Ann M, eds. The Psychology of sex roles. London: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Costanzo, Christie. Learning new roles. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Corp., 1991.

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Bruno, Leone. Male/female roles. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1988.

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Merino, Noël. Gender roles. Farmington Hills, Mich: Greenhaven Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sex roles"

1

Grusec, Joan E., and Hugh Lytton. "Sex Differences and Sex Roles." In Social Development, 363–408. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3768-6_10.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Sex Roles and Gender Roles." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2622–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_602.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Sex Roles and Gender Roles." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 3480–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_602.

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Hall, Paula. "Acknowledging and accepting new roles." In Sex Addiction, 145–58. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351259996-19.

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Wetzel, Janice Wood. "From Sex Roles to Sex Industries." In The World of Women, 31–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22366-4_3.

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Veneziano, Robert A. "Parental Roles." In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, 78–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29907-6_8.

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O’Brien, Marion. "Gender Identity and Sex Roles." In Handbook of Social Development, 325–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0694-6_13.

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Scull, Maren T. "Gender Roles at the Male Strip Show." In Sex for Sale, 157–78. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228639-10.

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O’Brian, Robin. "Economic Activities and Gender Roles." In Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, 91–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29907-6_9.

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Sciglimpaglia, Donald, William J. Lundstrom, and William G. Zikmund. "Sex Roles in Advertising: Additional Evidence." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 181–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16976-7_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sex roles"

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Hummel, Dennis, Sinja Herbertz, and Alexander Mädche. "Biological sex vs. psychological gender-roles in online channel choices." In the 4th Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3196839.3196870.

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Lin, H., H.-C. Fu, Y.-C. Ou, C.-H. Wu, and H.-Y. Kang. "P140 The roles of sex hormone receptors and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer." In ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.202.

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Oppenheim, Ilit, Yisrael Parmet, and Tal Oron-Gilad. "Can Driver Behavior be traced to Gender Role, Sex and Age?" In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002477.

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Traffic violations are deliberate deviations from safe driving rules associated with enhanced risks for crash involvement, impacted by traits and demographics. Violations tend to decrease with age, males and young drivers tend to make more violations. But some studies reported the opposite or no sex differences. We argue that part of this ambiguity can be attributed to gender role (Undifferentiated, Feminine, Masculine, and Androgynous). Previously, we showed that for a group of 527 adult drivers (mean age 29), gender role was a better predictor of violation tendency than sex. Now we extend this study by using a larger sample in three age categories (≤20, 21-54, and 55-65). We aim to examine whether gender role contributes to explaining violations. We distributed a web-based survey containing self-reports of traffic violations (DBQ; Reason et al., 1990), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974), and demographics. In total we collected 1039 questionnaires, 485 females and 554 males. We used a K-Means cluster analysis to define the gender role groups and came up with 5 meaningful clusters (Undifferentiated, Feminine, Masculine, Androgynous, and Mid). The mid group is new, and indicative of possible preconception in gender roles of the Bem inventory. We then conducted a three-way interaction model on violations. Gender role, age and sex predicted respondents' violation tendency, and their three-way interaction was statistically significant. The masculine young males had the highest predicted DBQ violation scores. Scores decreased with age except for the older masculine males. Furthermore, androgynous elderly males had the lowest scores. Our results show that there is value to include gender role in analysis of violations, and that this factor contributes over age and sex alone. Including gender role yielded better predictors of driver behavior than sex alone. The effect of gender role on drivers' self-reported violation tendency is an exciting and intriguing finding which indicates the need to further examine gender role effects in driving.

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Huang, Furong, Hongyan Chen, Qianben Wang, and Zhihua Liu. "Abstract 5421: Roles of sex hormone pathways in the gender disparity of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5421.

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Sigler, Jorge, and Amanda Gray. "Leader-Follower dynamics within medical students’ groups during clinical rotations." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.8968.

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Clinical practical training is a common practice and a requirement for many medical professions in the U.S.A. This training often lacks in managerial and leadership training, leaving many future practitioners poorly prepared for the challenges and requirements of leadership roles. The complexity of the healthcare system brings about new challenges in terms of leadership, with the development of leadership skills for practicing physicians becoming even more crucial. This study analyzed a sample of students and resident doctors in a psychiatric setting during their clinical rotation. The particularities of the observed emergence of leadership within the scope of multiple theoretical frameworks in the field of leadership were analyzed by calculating the median values of each set of survey responses. The study found that biological sex did not play a significant role in Leader emergence (p=0.74), Followers scored Leaders highly overall, and Leaders showed that they had a solid insight into their own capacities and limitations. Overall, strong leadership qualities were identified across all theoretical frameworks with valuable implications for the development of future leadership training. More research is needed to test this methodology in different medical settings and to identify the most effective type of leadership training for clinical education.

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Karnat, Anna, and Zbigniew Liber. "PROBLEMS OF PERSONS WITH INBORN GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER SYNDROME – SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS." In NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/30.

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The paper focuses on some problems (medical, social, legal) faced by persons with Inborn Gender Identity Disorder Syndrome (IGIDS). The so-called “transsexualism” is a huge problem for persons who “hit the wall” in fulfiling social roles consistent with the perceived gender. It has to be underlined that the social functioning of these persons is extremely difficult, because disapproval of the phenotype/somatic sex hinders their self-fulfilment. The article is based, partly, on the analysis of data from 600 cases of persons with IGIDS who are the patients of one of the co-writer and on the literature of the subject. The main objective of the paper is to point at an important social problem, which is far from achieving an optimum solution. Raising public awareness of the problem is the main motivation of the authors of the paper.

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Marec, Frantisek. "Role of sex chromosomes in sex determination of moths and butterflies." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92757.

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Ryazanova, Anastasiya Alekseevna, and Alfiya Borisovna Zakirova. "Sex-role identification of preschool-age children." In VII International applied research conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-112230.

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Terrell, Jasmine L., Jace A. Aloway, Christy Ruteshouser, Vicki Huff, and Richard R. Behringer. "Role of Wilms' Tumor 1 in Sex Development." In The MD Anderson Summer Experience 2022. The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52519/00029.

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Attanasi, M., A. Mian, E. R. Van Meel, S. M. Blaauwendraad, V. W. Jaddoe, and L. Duijts. "Role of sex and puberty on respiratory outcomes." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.3384.

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Reports on the topic "Sex roles"

1

Fultz, Emily. A descriptive study regarding perceptions of sex roles in cooperative households. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1878.

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Witt, Anita. Siblings and sex roles: A comparison between male and female graduate students with regard to sibling sex and ordinal position. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2428.

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Халік, Олена Олександрівна. Особливості гендерних установок щодо розподілу сімейних ролей в студентському віці в умовах системних змін у суспільстві. Гнозис, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3792.

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У статті розглядаються особливості гендерних установок студентів на сучасному етапі розвитку суспільства. Проаналізовані статеві відмінності щодо уявлень про сімейні ролі в майбутній сім’ї в старшому юнацькому віці. The article touches upon the issue of the features of gender setting of students in the modern society. The article gives an analysis of the sex differences in perceptions of family roles in the future family in early adulthood.

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Fantz, Charles. Relationships between sex role, empathy and anxiety. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2588.

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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.

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Monte, Erica. Sex-role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come? Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6821.

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Savell, Joel M. Group-Gender-Composition Factors in Sex-Role-Attitude Measurement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada172413.

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Dahlstrom, Susan. Sex role traits and psychological merger in lesbian relationships. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5753.

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Van Belthowing, Sheilagh. Lesbian Gender Identities: An Expansion of Bern's Sex-Role Inventory. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3036.

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Rau, Roland, and Gabriele Doblhammer. Seasonal mortality in Denmark: the role of sex and age. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2003-014.

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