Journal articles on the topic 'Sex role in the work environment'
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1
Rothausen, Teresa J. "Management Work—Family Research and Work—Family Fit." Family Business Review 22, no. 3 (June 8, 2009): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486509337409.
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In this article, 25 years of organization science research on work—family is summarized, and its implications for building the human, social, and economic elements of family capital in family business are developed. The impact of work—family conflict; sex and gender roles; role enrichment; work—family benefits, programs, and policies; and work, job, and organization redesign are emphasized. A social systems model of environment—environment fit—work—family fit—is developed. Implications for future research and for investing in family capital are discussed.
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Grittner, Alison, and Kathleen C. Sitter. "The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies." Affilia 35, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
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This article conceptualizes how place-based analysis can generate innovative understandings of sex work and spatial justice, including ways in which stigma, well-being, and marginality are embodied in sex work places. Focusing on three interconnected dimensions of place—geographic location, material environment, and sociopower structures—this article examines the unexplored realm of place and sex work. Beginning with an analysis of existing sex work literature and knowledge relating to dimensions of place, we explicate the role of feminist ideologies, juridical contexts, and the built environment as the conceptual and analytic groundwork for a place-based understanding of sex work. Architectural spatial methods then generate a place-based analysis of two case study exemplars: the Residence in Western Canada and the Strichtplatz in Zurich, Switzerland. We conclude by considering avenues to incorporate place theory into sex work research and the social work discipline, ultimately advocating for research, policy, and practice that concomitantly address sex workers’ social and spatial oppression.
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Wong, William C. W., Phil W. S. Leung, and C. W. Li. "HIV behavioural risks and the role of work environment among Chinese male sex workers in Hong Kong." AIDS Care 24, no. 3 (January 31, 2012): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.608785.
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Frankis, Jamie S., and Paul Flowers. "The role of contact efficacy in evaluating sexual health promotion—evidence-based outreach work within a public sex environment." Sexual Health 3, no. 2 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05032.
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Background: This paper explores the role of contact efficacy in evidence-based health promotion by evaluating a public sex environment (PSE) based sexual health outreach program. The service operated in situ from a dedicated mobile unit to promote sexual health among PSE users. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (response rate 56%) measured socio-demographics, sexual health behaviours and outreach-service use among men sampled within the PSE (n = 216). Results: Most participants were aware of the service and two-thirds had contacted them. Men who had not completed hepatitis A vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02), who had ever received money for sex (OR = 2.07) or who reported a diagnosed mental health disorder(s) (OR = 2.38) were significantly more likely to have contacted the service. Although 89% of service users perceived the intervention positively, only 26% felt it had contributed to sexual behaviour changes. Conclusions: The ‘mobile-unit’ outreach model contacted a large proportion of PSE users, specifically men who had greater health needs. We advocate the adoption of this outreach model over traditional PSE-based outreach approaches. Contact efficacy evaluation is useful to assess ongoing health interventions. However, caution must be exerted when interpreting certain contact efficacy results. Since causality may not always be inferred, triangulation with other evaluative methodologies is recommended.
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Boonen, Annelies, Caroline Boone, Adelin Albert, and Herman Mielants. "Understanding Limitations in At-work Productivity in Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Role of Work-related Contextual Factors." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131287.
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Objective.To explore the effect of health-related and contextual factors on presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Consecutive patients with AS starting their first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and in paid employment were eligible. Patients completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire for AS to assess presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in the previous 7 days. In addition, they answered questions about work characteristics (type, characteristics of workplace, satisfaction of contacts with colleagues, and importance of work in life) and health status [Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), AS Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP)]. Physicians assessed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, presence of articular and extraarticular manifestations, comorbidities, and laboratory indicators of inflammation. Stepwise regression models were computed to determine which work-related and health-related factors contributed to WPAI outcomes.Results.The study included 80 patients. The WPAI presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss scores were 49.1%, 30.2%, and 53.1%, respectively. Presenteeism was associated with higher BASFI, female sex, and poor quality of contact with colleagues. Absenteeism was associated with increasing age, current smoking status, higher ASDAS-CRP, and low importance of work for life. Overall work productivity loss was associated with female sex, higher BASFI, past adaptation of job because of illness, number of working hours, and manual profession.Conclusion.Both health-related and contextual factors contribute to work limitations in patients with AS and suggest additional opportunities for improvement by addressing the working environment.
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Okafor, Uchenna O., Rik Crutzen, Egbe A. Awo, and Bart Van Den Borne. "Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 10 (September 17, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p183.
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A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
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Bruno Riccardi, Sergio Resta, Giacomo Resta, and Caterina Mondovecchio. "Role of sex as evolutionary factor from genotype to phenotype." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 1085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.2.0936.
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We know different forms of reproduction adopted by living beings, from the simple division of the protozoa, to the complex and modalities of the vertebrates that contemplate codified rituals and preliminary preparations before arriving at the mating. In nature there is a wide range of reproductive modalities, which is as numerous as the living species. Every reproductive system has a specific procedure and a sexual dimorphism finalized to favor the coupling and strictly suitable for the ecosystem where the union of the sexes takes place. Such a close relationship between living and environment is a consequence of the evolutionary process in which both share. But the ability to respond to random environmental variations for adapting and evolving with them is an exclusive characteristic of the living, thanks to the reproductive process mediated by sex. So sexual reproduction is the real engine that promotes evolution. The infinitely complex way in which sex acts is a subject that always has attracted biologists, and Darwin, with his work on the evolution of the living, was the first to investigate this phenomenon, inaugurating research, which still today has many obscure points. By this manuscript we are going to try to contribute to the solution of this intriguing mystery.
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Spencer, Dale C., Rosemary Ricciardelli, Dale Ballucci, and Kevin Walby. "Cynicism, dirty work, and policing sex crimes." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2019-0123.
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Purpose Digital evidence is now infused in many (or arguably most) cases of sexual assault, which has refigured investigative tools, policing strategies and sources of cynicism for those working in sex crime units. Although cynicism, both its sources and affects, is widely studied among scholars of work and policing, little is known about how police working in sex crime units experience, mitigate and express cynicism. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in understanding and explore the role of cynicism amongst investigators working in sex crime units. Design/methodology/approach To address this research gap, the authors conducted 70 semi-structured in-depth interviews and two focus groups with members of police services organizations across Canada working in sex crime units. Findings Examining sources of cynicism and emotional experiences, the authors reveal that officers in these units normalize and neutralize organizational and intra-organizational sources of cynicism, and cope with the potentially traumatizing and emotionally draining realities of undertaking this form of “dirty work.” The authors show that officer cynicism extends beyond offenders into organizational and operational aspects of their occupations and their lived experiences outside of work, which has implications for literature on police work, cynicism and digital policing. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature on cyber policing by, first, examining sex crimes unit member’s sources of cynicism in relation to sex crimes and the digital world and, second, by exploring sources of cynicism in police organizations and other branches in the criminal justice system. The authors examine how such cynicism seeps into relationships outside of the occupation. The authors’ contribution is in showing that cynicism related to police dirty work is experienced in relation to “front” and “back” regions (Dick, 2005) but also in multiple organizational and social spheres. The authors contribute to the extant literature on dirty work insofar as it addresses the underexplored dirty work associated with policing cyber environments and the morally tainted elements of such policing tasks.
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Mellor, Andrea, and Cecilia Benoit. "Understanding the Diversity of People in Sex Work: Views from Leaders in Sex Worker Organizations." Social Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030191.
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Criminal laws in Canada and many other countries are currently premised on the assumption of homogeneity, that is, people in sex work are cis women and girls who are being sexually exploited/sex trafficked. This perspective is also shared by antiprostitution groups and many researchers investigating the “prostitution problem”. Perpetuating this position obscures their demographic multiplicity and variety of lived experiences. We interviewed 10 leaders from seven sex worker organizations (SWOs) across Canada who reported a diversity among their clientele that is rarely captured in the extant literature and absent from the current Canadian criminal code. Our findings reveal the important role that SWOs have to play in facilitating access to health and social services and providing spaces where people in sex work can gather in safe and supportive environments, without the fear of stigma, discrimination, or police harassment. We conclude that SWOs can operate as a structural intervention beyond decriminalization that can improve equitable access to health and social services for sex workers Despite SWOs’ efforts, sex workers’ mobilization is still limited by micro-, meso-, and macrolevel stigmatization that prevents and/or discourages some workers from accessing their programs and services.
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Uretsky, Elanah. "‘Sex’ – it’s not only women’s work: a case for refocusing on the functional role that sex plays in work for both women and men." Critical Public Health 25, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2014.883067.
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João Name, José, and Norval Baitello Junior. "A Dive into the Depths of Human Intimacy." Paragrana 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2023-0018.
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Abstract This article is a report on ongoing field research and the exponential growth of the environment in which sex workers, prostitutes, call girls, and escorts operate. We look at the complexity of the conditions of such work and consider the socio-psychological and media vectors that make up the context from which its actors and stereotypes emerge. With the explosion of websites offering virtual or real sex, there is also a continuation of oppressive and violent male practices in this sector, restricting the freedom of choice for women who work professionally in this field. These practices reproduce the power relations and the exclusion that has always been present in society, and are also now more diffuse as virtual reality has come to play an important role in social practice.
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Loesberg, Jonathan. "FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORK ON VICTORIAN AESTHETICISM." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (September 2001): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002157.
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IN MASCULINE DESIRE:The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism, his study of the role of male same-sex attraction among Victorian aestheticist writers, Richard Dellamora refers to Elaine Showalter’s claim that Gerard Manley Hopkins was one of a series of writers who tried to reclaim male literary dominance from women writers in the wake of George Eliot’s death in 1880. Dellamora proposes instead what he thinks a more likely source of creative anxiety: “Insofar as he may appear at times to regard literary creativity as a male prerogative, his anxieties are better referred to a celibate homosocial environment than to the creative ascendancy of Victorian women writers” (56). But these two anxieties may not be entirely separate. Recent critical studies have shown that the mid-Victorian novel, whether written by women or men, was a form dominated by domestic and marriage plots, by the depiction of the bourgeois family and the construction of gender roles as principles of social regulation. Thus the emergence from the shadow of Eliot and the turning of aestheticist literature and art toward various alternative constructions of gender and desire — not merely new claims of masculine prerogative but also articulations by women writers of positions resistant to Victorian gender regularities — would be intimately connected.
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Anitha, S. "A Study on Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace 2013 Act - Social Work Intervention through Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal with Special Cases Illustration." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i3.1526.
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Sexual Harassment is a form of unwelcome sexual behaviors and taking sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature act that tends to create a hostile environment for women at the workplace. The author is an external committee member for various companies such as manufacturing industries, garment industries, software companies, and handled several sexual harassment incident inquiries. Based on these experiences and during the inquiries employees expressed their experiences such as uncomfortable touching, starring a women continuously, commenting or joking (Sexually colored remarks), sexually explicit pictures or posters, requests for sex, intrusive questions about persons private life or body, unnecessary familiarity, insults or taunts based on sex, sexually explicit physical contact, sexually explicit chats, mails, SMS, facebook, twitter any other social media. Apart from this, in this paper illustrated a case inquiry in detail through social work perspectives.
Objectives
Transmit the social workers to create a safe working environment for women employees through taking part in ICC external Committee member
Impart the sequence of incident inquiry under the POSH ACT 2013 and how to impart awareness sessions and documentation under the act.
Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment or Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment orcompany or any organized or unorganized organization, conducting orientation programs for ICCmembers, providing POSH act prevention, prohibition, and redressal issues. In addition to this,the Social worker plays a foremost role in prevention, prohibition through avoiding such instanceor circumstance occurrence in the organization. Moreover, they play a very crucial role duringthe incident that has already occurred in the redressal process. Since its inception of harassment,incident reporting, inquiry, and resettlement issues will be handled by the social worker of anNGO. In this regard, social worker intrusion is very important to handle the situations and give justification to the aggrieved women.
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Balogh, Renátó, and Éva Bácsné Bába. "The role of sports and well-being programmes in choosing workplaces in the future." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00148.
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AbstractDue to recent changes in the labour market, recruitment and retaining employees have become more important than ever. Research dealing with the appearance of new generations in the labour market has found that they are less loyal to their employers, have high demands, and the key factors that they consider when choosing a job are salary, career opportunities, working environment, and work-life balance. As numerous studies in recent years have proved the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the context of labour, the question has arisen whether opportunities for sport participation and services supporting the well-being of employees have an influence on young people when they are seeking employment. We carried out an online survey to find out what students of the University of Debrecen think about the issue. The results were in line with the findings of previous studies, that is, young people look for high salaries, good working conditions, work-life balance and career opportunities when choosing a job. However, respondents did not identify sports opportunities and well-being benefits as major factors Yet, we found significant differences between different groups in terms of preference of particular factors, depending on sex, marital status, and whether someone does physical exercises regularly, and whether someone works while attending a university course or not.
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Linge, Ina. "Queer Ecology in Loïe Fuller’s Modernist Dance and Magnus Hirschfeld’s Die Transvestiten." Environmental Humanities 14, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 618–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9962937.
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Abstract Dance orients the performer’s body toward both environment and pleasure, yet the intersection of environmental and sexual attunement in dance practice remains an underexplored area of research. This article considers how environmental and sexual readings of dance practice can be brought together by proposing a queer ecological approach to modernist dance. Drawing on research in dance studies, feminist and queer science studies, and sexology studies, the article examines the work of Loïe Fuller, an early pioneer of modernist dance, to show how Fuller’s work engages with themes of both sex and nature and consequently introduces environmentally attuned thinking to early twentieth century sexual knowledge production. By examining the parallels and divergences between Magnus Hirschfeld’s early twentieth-century sexological writing about “transvestitism” and Loïe Fuller’s modernist dance, via the copycat dancer Henry Cyril Paget, this article shows that both dance and sexology rethought the relationship between sex and nature by grappling, to different extents, with a queer vision of nature, where nature loses its explanatory force and moral authority. This reveals the importance of nature and the nonhuman in the production of modern concepts of sex, gender, and sexuality and the important role that dance can play in illuminating the intersection of sex and nature.
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Ruegsegger, Laura M., Melissa Stockton, Vivian F. Go, Hannah Piscalko, Dylane Davis, Irving F. Hoffman, Mina C. Hosseinipour, et al. "Stigma, Social Support, and Sexual Behavior Among Female Sex Workers at Risk for HIV in Malawi." AIDS Education and Prevention 33, no. 4 (August 2021): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2021.33.4.290.
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Lack of social support and sex work stigma may hinder STI/HIV prevention for female sex workers (FSW). We explored the associations between sex work stigma and social support with sexual behaviors in Malawi. In 2017, 150 HIV-negative, venue-based FSW completed a behavioral survey containing sex work stigma items and social support. Linear binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence differences of inconsistent condom use and substance use before sex by social support and stigma. A majority (93%) reported sex work–related internalized stigma. About 50% reported family or friend isolation. Social support was high (mean index: 86.53). Inconsistent condom use and substance use before sex had little to no association with stigma and social support. Malawian FSW largely internalize stigma and experience isolation from family and friends yet have high levels of social support. Large-scale evaluations should investigate the role of stigma and social support in STI/HIV prevention for FSW.
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Atik, Deniz, and Dicle Yurdakul Şahin. "Sex-role conflict at work: its impact on consumption practices of working women in Turkey." International Journal of Consumer Studies 36, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01006.x.
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Pichon, Marjorie, Ana Maria Buller, Veronicah Gimunta, Oscar Rutenge, Yandé Thiaw, Revocatus Sono, and Lottie Howard-Merrill. "Qualitative evaluation of an edutainment intervention to prevent age-disparate transactional sex in Tanzania: Changes in educational aspirations and gender equitable attitudes towards work." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): e0002527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002527.
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Age-disparate transactional sex is a major contributor to the disproportionate rates of HIV experienced by adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa, and a key driver of unintended adolescent pregnancy. This paper comprises one element of the impact evaluation of the Learning Initiative on Norms, Exploitation and Abuse (LINEA) radio drama intervention to prevent age-disparate transactional sex. It provides new insights into the radio drama’s influence on distal drivers of age-disparate transactional sex identified in formative research: girls’ own educational aspirations, and gendered attitudes towards work. The intervention, which targeted adolescent girls and their caregivers in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania, uses an edutainment approach to prevent transactional sex between girls aged 12–16 years and men at least 5–10 years older. We distributed the 39-episode radio drama on USB flash drives to 331 households and conducted longitudinal in-depth interviews with 59 participants. We conducted a thematic analysis of endline (December 2021) transcripts from 23 girls, 18 women caregivers, and 18 men caregivers of girls (n = 59), and midline (November 2021) transcripts from a sub-sample of these participants: 16 girls, 16 women and 13 men (n = 45). Findings suggest the radio drama created an enabling environment for preventing age-disparate transactional sex by increasing girls’ motivation to focus on their studies and remain in school. There was also strong evidence of increased gender-equitable attitudes about work among girls and women and men caregivers. These supported women joining the workforce in positions traditionally reserved for men and challenging the male provider role. Our findings suggest that the LINEA radio drama can supplement interventions that address structural drivers of age-disparate transactional sex. The radio drama may also have impacts beyond preventing age-disparate transactional sex, such as reducing girls’ HIV morbidity and mortality, and challenging attitudes that promote sexual and gender-based violence to foster more gender-equitable communities across Tanzania.
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Morris, Jake, Iulia Darolti, Wouter van der Bijl, and Judith E. Mank. "High-resolution characterization of male ornamentation and re-evaluation of sex linkage in guppies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1937 (October 21, 2020): 20201677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1677.
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Coloration plays a key role in the ecology of many species, influencing how an organism interacts with its environment, other species and conspecifics. Guppies are sexually dimorphic, with males displaying sexually selected coloration resulting from female preference. Previous work has suggested that much of guppy colour pattern variation is Y-linked. However, it remains unclear how many individual colour patterns are Y-linked in natural populations as much of the previous work has focused on phenotypes either not found in the wild, or aggregate measures such as total colour area. Moreover, ornaments have traditionally been identified and delineated by hand, and computational methods now make it possible to extract pixels and identify ornaments with automated methods, reducing the potential for human bias. Here we developed a pipeline for semi-automated ornament identification and high-resolution image analysis of male guppy colour patterns and applied it to a multigenerational pedigree. Our results show that loci controlling the presence or the absence of individual male ornaments in our population are not predominantly Y-linked. However, we find that ornaments of similar colour are not independent of each other, and modifier loci that affect whole animal coloration appear to be at least partially Y-linked. Considering these results, Y-linkage of individual ornaments may not be important in driving colour changes in natural populations of guppies, or in expansions of the non-recombining Y region, while Y-linked modifier loci that affect aggregate traits may well play an important role.
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Maji, Sucharita. "“Doing Men’s Jobs”: A Commentary on Work–Life Balance Issues Among Women in Engineering and Technology." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 18, no. 1 (June 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622519854887.
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Despite a steep increase in female representation in the workforce in the last decade, the gendered division of labour in the family remains broadly unaltered. Women, even who work for the same duration as their husbands in the office and contribute equally or more to the financial status of the family, often take most of the shares of childcare responsibility and domestic work. Work–family conflict is a global problem for working men and women; the struggle is even more prominent among working women, especially those who work in male-dominated sectors such as engineering and technology. Working in gender-atypical professions, females in engineering and technology face solo status and experience perceived discrimination and social identity threat. They require to put additional efforts to adjust to the work environment which, in turn, impacts their work–life balance status. The gendered work culture in engineering and technology sectors is reported to be masculine and patrifocal as a result of the skewed sex-ratio. Moreover, the study attempted to find out how the gender-role perception and identification of them, gender stigma consciousness, and role conflict may further aggravate the work–family conflicts among women engineers. In addition, the added responsibilities and conflicts that come with motherhood and their impacts on the work–life balance are discussed.
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Toyota, Kenji. "Uncovering the role of endocrine factors in decapod physiology." Impact 2022, no. 4 (August 2, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.4.23.
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Crustaceans are a valuable food source and commercially important. In order to ensure population stability, environmental diversity and food security, understanding the underlying endocrinology of these arthropods is key. Dr Kenji Toyota, Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, is working on research to shed light on the mechanisms that control key stages in crustacean life cycles and better understand how they have adapted to the environment of Sado Island. The research involves field work, breeding-based experiments with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse endocrine factors and related genes, with a focus on the eyestalk-derived hormones found in decapod crustaceans. One of Toyota's key projects is focused on the environmental sex determination (ESD) and toxicogenomics of the water flea Daphnia. He and his collaborators have reported on how insect growth regulators (IGRs) have disrupted non-target arthropod species, which includes larval lethality, defects arising in the metamorphosis process and disruption in sexual differentiation. Toyota's work is highlighting the negative environmental impacts of waste products and chemicals and also uncovering knowledge that can assist in the management of populations in both wild and farmed settings. Toyota has revealed the endocrine mechanisms that control metamorphosis during larval development and uncovered the ecotoxicological impacts of IGRs. The researchers are also investigating the roles of hormones innate JH (methyl farnesoate) and ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) in the progression of Kuruma prawns throughout the larval stages.
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Nasution, Wahyuni Sari, R. Ira Irawati, and Didin Muhafidin. "Glass Ceiling dalam Peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan." JANE - Jurnal Administrasi Negara 14, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jane.v14i1.41326.
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This research is about Glass Ceiling in Advancing Career Paths for Female Civil Servants in Medan City Government motivated by the trend of increasing the number of female civil servants occurring both nationally and in the city of Medan itself, where in the city of Medan alone the number of female civil servants is almost double the total male civil servants. However, the dominance of women in terms of the number of female civil servants both at the national and regional levels has not been reflected in the level of participation of female civil servants in structural positions. Most women occupy Echelon IV structural positions and the higher the structural positions, the fewer women occupy these positions, this phenomenon can be assumed that the career development of female civil servants in high structural positions is relatively slower than male civil servants and the obstacles are invisible. that hinders career advancement is called Glass Ceiling.This study was conducted to identify the factors causing the glass ceiling in increasing the career path of Female Civil Servants in the Medan City Government and to obtain new inputs as policy implications in order to further reduce the factor glass ceiling thereby increasing the participation of female civil servants in structural positions. In reviewing this, the author uses three approaches, Women's Sex Role, Gender Stereotype and Work Environment. The author conducted in-depth interviews with 10 informants from six agencies within the Medan City Government. Then to process the data obtained, the author conducted an analysis using the six stages of Cresswell.The results show that Women's Sex Role, Gender Stereotype and Work Environment are factors that influence the increase in Career Paths of Female Civil Servants in the Medan City Government. So to overcome this and increase the participation of female civil servants in structural positions the policy implications are designing gender-sensitive infrastructure, increasing the involvement of women in public positions and policies and improving policies related to ASN in the implementation of the merit system, especially in terms of promotion. Penelitian ini mengenai Glass Ceiling dalam Peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan yang dilatar belakangi oleh tren peningkatan jumlah PNS Perempuan terjadi baik di nasional maupun Kota Medan sendiri, dimana di Kota Medan sendiri jumlah PNS Perempuan hamper dua kali lipat dari total PNS Laki-Laki. Namun dominasi Perempuan dari segi jumlah PNS Perempuan baik ditingkat nasional hingga daerah belum tercermin dalam tingkat partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam jabatan Struktural. Perempuan paling banyak menempati pada jabatan struktural Eselon IV dan semakin tinggi jabatan struktural maka makin sedikit perempuan yang menempati posisi tersebut, fenomena ini dapat diasumsikan bahwa perkembangan karir PNS Perempuan pada jabatan struktural tinggi relatif lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan PNS laki-laki dan hambatan yang tidak terlihat yang menghambat peningkatan jenjang karir disebut Glass Ceiling. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab glass ceiling dalam peningkatan jenjang karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan dan mendapatkan masukan baru sebagai implikasi kebijakan agar selanjutnya mampu mengurangi faktor glass ceiling tersebut sehingga meningkatkan partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam Jabatan Struktural. Dalam mengkaji hal tersebut penulis menggunakan tiga pendekatan yaitu Women’s Sex Role, Gender Stereotype dan Work Environment. Penulis melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada 10 Informan dari enam Instansi yang berada di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan. Kemudian untuk mengolah data yang diperoleh penulis melakukan analisis menggunakan enam tahapan dari Cresswell.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Women’s Sex Role, Gender Stereotype dan Work Environment menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan. Sehingga untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dan meningkatkan Partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam jabatan struktural atas hal yang harus diperhatikan atau implikasi kebijakannya adalah Mendesain Infrastruktur yang sensitif terhadap gender, Meningkatkan keterlibatan perempuan dalam jabatan publik dan kebijakan dan memperbaiki Kebijakan terkait ASN dalam pelaksanaan merit system khsusunya dalam hal promosi jabatan.
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López-Ibort, Nieves, Delia González-de la Cuesta, Teresa Antoñanzas-Lombarte, and Ana Gascón-Catalán. "The Correlation between Leader–Member Exchange and Organisational Commitment among Spanish Registered Nurses: The Moderating Role of Sex and Hospital Size." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030721.
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The role of the supervisor in hospitals is to oversee and encourage the active work participation of registered nurses. In this context, leadership should be focused on the creation of a positive environment for the generation of high-quality care and the development of attitudes that have a beneficial influence on the work of the registered nurse. The aims of this study have been: (i) To verify if the quality of the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship was correlated with organisational commitment; (ii) to establish if the correlation could be moderated by empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. A cross-sectional survey with self-report questionnaires was performed. A total of 2541 registered nurses from nine public hospitals participated in the study. They completed scales measuring leader–member exchange, commitment, empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. There was a positive correlation between the quality of the leader–member exchange and commitment. Leader–leader exchange has a moderating effect on this relationship. The moderating effects of empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–member exchange on the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship and the nurse’s organisational commitment are influenced by sex and/or hospital size. Organisations should design supervisor training strategies aimed at establishing high-quality supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationships.
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Tanuwijaya, Novita Sari, Manahan Tampubolon, and Mesta Limbong. "THE EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND WORK FACILITIES ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF EDUCATORS AT SMK MITRA INDUSTRI MM2100." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 1, no. 12 (September 26, 2022): 1629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v1i12.245.
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Industry has a significant role in supporting Indonesian economy. Realizing this, the Ministry of Education and Culture collaborate with the Ministry of Industry and industrial factory create a synergy between the industrial world and vocational education to prepare human resources whose competence is in accordance with industrial needs. The Ministry of Education and Culture has collaborated with several vocational high school and one of them is SMK Mitra Industri MM 2100. This SMK whose management is carried out by industrial experts and companies in MM 2100 industrial estate have a curriculum that is in accordance with the wishes of the industry. As the designer of the curriculum, educators play a role in supporting the success of this vocational school. On this occasion the author will see how the success of this vocational school in managing the factors that become the school's input to achieve the success that has been achieved is how the influence of the work environment and work facilities. The results of the research can thus be used as evaluation material for schools and be a useful reference for other vocational schools as well. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with data collection using questionnaires distributed to 61 respondents of educators in SMK which were then processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results showed that there was a positive influence between the work environment (X1) and job satisfaction (Y) with an influence strength of 0.662, and there was a positive influence between work facilities (X2) and job satisfaction (Y) with an influence strength of 0.592. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the work environment (X2) and job satisfaction (Y) if work facilities (X2) are included as a control variable but the effect is weakened to 0.601. So this study suggests re-evaluating the work facilities provided whether it is necessary to make adjustments or increase the provision of work facilities based on current developments so that their influence is stronger in creating a positive work environment for educators. In addition, Vocational High Schools need to continue to innovate and improve to be ready to face the VUCA era in which we are required to be more agile.
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He, Danlong. "The Culprit Hormone: The Physiological Origin of School Violence amidst Middle School Students." Science Insights Education Frontiers 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or040.
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The increasingly severe school violence has become an influential and notorious worldwide problem. The attribution of school violence determines the formulation of coping strategies. Unlike the analysis of family, psychological and social factors, long-term front-line work and follow-up studies have found that student violence’s physiological factors in adolescence are more significant than other factors. The decisive factor leading to school violence among middle school students is the secretion of sex hormones during adolescence, so hormones mostly cause violence. Attributing school violence to “sex instinct” does not deny the role of education; on the contrary, it recognizes the crux of the problem and provides the possibility of finding effective prevention and intervention measures. Using dopamine to antagonize hormones provides a physiological basis for education and violence intervention. Strengthening physical exercise, carrying out activities where boys and girls are present simultaneously, and building a harmonious teacher-student relationship and a friendly campus environment effectively prevent middle school students from campus violence.
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Howard-Williams, Clive. "Science vs the Environment." Antarctic Science 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000151.
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The Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty is rapidly approaching ratification, and nations which have now signed it see the Protocol as a signal for considerable future debate, if not scrutiny. Everyone has begun to implement, at least in spirit, many of its requirements which are now beginning to have an effect on science on the continent. This is currently evident in at least four different ways: a reallocation of funding from pure science, to �applied� science relating to human impacts,an increase in funding to allow for studies of human impact and the meeting of Protocol obligations,a reassessment by the science community on what can be done with minimal impact, and an imposition on the science community of rules and codes which will restrict many types of scientific work that have been carried out in the past, and will force modifications of future work. Because all science on the continent (as opposed too remote sensing from space) will have an impact there will have to be tradeoffs between the benefit to science and the impact of doing the work. We can only evaluate impacts on those areas of science that we know about at present. The problem is that there will be future, presently unknown areas of science that may be compromised by operations currently considered �safe�. Who knows, for instance, what viruses we are inadvertently spreading and what the importance of these will be in future studies? At present the effects of these organisms are difficult to measure but studies on the role of viruses in natural ecosystems are increasing as technology expands.
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Ansori, Rian Rosihan, and Tri Martiana. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN KONDISI PEKERJAAN TERHADAP STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT GIGI." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i1.2017.75-84.
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Job stress is an adaptive response and feedback adjustment in a condition individuals and the environment. Dental nurses face a variety of things in their duties that can cause stress, both physically and mentally. The objectives of this research are conducted to determine whether there is a correlation between individual characteristics and conditions of employment factors to the occurrence of occupational stress. The research was conducted with cross sectional design. By filling the questionnaire conducted to 22 dental nurses. Amount of samples used total population. The independent variables were the individual characteristics (age, sex, and years of marriage) and factor conditionsof employment (demand, support, ties up job roles). The result of the research showed that there was a strong relationship between job stress with sex, there was a strong relationship between job stress with the demands of work, there was enough relationship between job stress with age, tenure, support employment, labor relations and the role of work on dental nurses. The suggestion of results this study recommends that dental nurses need off work and do refreshing, providing training to dental nurses in improving the capability and skills. Relating to the implementation of the tasks, it’d better to conductjoint training among employees. They are aimed for the sake of increasing solidarity and friendshipness among colleagues. Giving rewards to employees are also recommended for the best achievement at work.Keywords: job stress, work period, work demands
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Regis, Manuela Ferreira, Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de Oliveira, Ana Raquel Mendes dos Santos, Ameliane da Conceição Reubens Leonidio, Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz, and Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de Freitas. "Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 4 (December 2016): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3788.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Methods An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio – OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Conclusion Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle.
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Slonecker, Blake. "“It’s with Tokens”." Pacific Historical Review 89, no. 3 (2020): 402–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.3.402.
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This article examines the evolving relationship between the women’s liberation movement and the underground press in Seattle between 1967 and 1970, arguing that the mixed-sex alternative media belatedly embraced feminist ideals but failed to establish robust feminist institutional cultures. Prior to 1969, the hierarchical work environment and masculine aesthetic of the Helix (1967–1970) proved inhospitable to feminist critiques. Beginning in 1969, the emergence of democratic work collectives and increasing coverage of feminism at the Helix and its successor, the Sabot (1970), provided the print space for radical women to organize and confront Movement men about toxic masculinity. By analyzing the relationship between women’s liberation and the underground press in Seattle, this article illuminates the ambivalent role of the underground press in applying feminist ideals to the cultural politics of the Movement in Seattle and nationwide.
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Wasis Nupikso, Indasah, and Katmini. "The Role of Resilience as Mediation in Burnout Work Environment on the Performance of RSUD Sidoarjo Employees in the Era of the Pandemic Covid 19." Journal Of Nursing Practice 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v7i2.370.
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Background: The influence of resilience on burnout is so important for hospital staff to stay focused when providing services to patients, making researchers want to see how much influence resilience has on burnout work environment on employee performance. Purpose: To analyze the influence of the Role of Resilience as Mediation in the Burnout Work Environment on the Performance of RSUD Sidoarjo Employees in the Covid 19 Covid-pandemic era. Method: The research method used is cross-sectional analytic research. The population is 1,745 people who work at the Sidoarjo Regional General Hospital with proportional random sampling, the sample obtained is 326 employees. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire. The data analysis used is path analysis. Results: The research results show that indirectly physical work environment variables through resilience do not significantly affect performance (0.173 > 0.163). For physical variables resilience does not significantly affect performance (0.008 > -0.022). Psychological variables through resilience do not significantly affect performance (-0.017 > -0.074). Then the behavioral variable through resilience does not significantly affect performance (-0.055 > -0.253). Conclusion: No there is a role of resilience in overcoming burnout work environment on performance. Resilience indirectly through physical, psychological, and behavior in the work environment has a significant effect on performance.
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Morgan, Sue, Simon Davies, Susan Palmer, and Meg Plaster. "Sex, Drugs, and Rock ‘n’ Roll: Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 32 (November 10, 2010): 4825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.22.5474.
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Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a distinct group whose needs have been poorly addressed within health care systems. This imbalance is being addressed in some countries, and this growing specialty is now receiving the recognition it requires in order to develop further. This article discusses some of the psychosocial issues of AYAs and, with reference to the phrase of sex, drugs, and rock and roll, highlights the various rites of passage that young people experience. It also discusses how services and professionals can work alongside AYAs, enabling them to feel a part of the process by providing age-appropriate environment and expertise.
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Wikström, Ewa, Jonathan Severin, Ingibjorg H. Jonsdottir, and Magnus Akerstrom. "Process facilitators shifting between the support and expert roles in a complex work environment intervention in the Swedish healthcare sector." Journal of Health Organization and Management 36, no. 9 (December 27, 2021): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-10-2021-0382.
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PurposeProcess facilitation as part of a complex intervention for changing or improving practices within workplaces is becoming a common work method. The aim of this study was to investigate what characterizes the process-facilitating role in a complex intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe present study focuses on a complex work environment intervention targeting eight organizational units (workplaces) in the Swedish healthcare sector. The study applies a mixed-method approach and has been carried out in two steps. First, a qualitative process evaluation was performed. Secondly, an evaluation was conducted to see to what extent these identified conditions and mechanisms affected the quantitative intervention effect in term of sickness absence.FindingsThe analysis shows that the facilitating role consisted of three overlapping and partially iterative phases. These phases involved different activities for the facilitating role. Depending on how the facilitating role and the intervention were designed, various supporting conditions were found to significantly affect the outcome of the intervention measured as the total sickness absence.Research limitations/implicationsIt is concluded that the facilitation is not static or fixed during the change process. Instead, the facilitation role develops and emerges through the process of support during the different implementation phases.Practical implicationsThe facilitative role of performing support is based on a combination of support role activities and expert role activities. The support role focuses on support activities, while the expert role includes capacity building through knowledge- and legitimacy-oriented activities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to earlier research by developing a methodological approach for carrying out process facilitation in complex interventions.
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Sabirzianova, Liliia, Polina Anipchenko, Anatolii Yashin, Vladimir Ponamarev, Vera Kriukova, Nadezhda Kuznetsova, Alexander Lunegov, Nadezhda Andreeva, Flura Alistratova, and Veronika Guseva. "PSVI-21 Peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats in metropolis environment." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.439.
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Abstract Up to the present days the peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats is studied insufficiently. Available scientific literature is limited, there are only some facts posted on the websites of private veterinary clinics, but it doesn’t play role of clinically proven scientific facts. The aim of the work—to study peculiarities of the bronchial asthma pathological process and clinical signs in metropolis environment. Experimental group included 35 cats, of different breed, sex and age groups, all of them examined with symptoms of bronchial asthma in private veterinary clinic “Sotnikov Veterinary Clinic,” Russie Saint-Petersburg, during period from. Using basis clinical examination methods – anamnesis, thermometry, pulse and breath rate calculation, auscultation and percussion — were stated following principal clinical signs and pathological process peculiarities, expressed in percentage, which we present in our results. Dyspnea was noted in 25.0%, cough – in 84.0%, general condition: without visible changes 84%, the depressed state - 16%. Among the patients, males predominated – 62.1%, females 37.9%. Clinical signs of bronchial asthma within single-breed group of cats did not exceed 6.7%, and 55.0% of animals were mongrel cats. Most of the animals were predisposed to asthma at the age of 1–5 years, which together makes up about 50.0% of the diseased animals. In cats over 10 years of age, no symptoms of asthma have been identified. About seasonal dependence, this pathology was registered in 3/4 cases in winter-spring period, mainly in January and March, which together accounted for 41.4% of the total number of such animals. So, cold season time provoke disease recurrence. In conclusion, it is essential to underline that 80% of examined cats were not vaccinated against infections. The features of the manifestation of bronchial asthma of cats depend on their sex, age, breed and season of the year.
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Xu, Xianglong, Eric P. F. Chow, Jason J. Ong, Mingwang Shen, Chongjian Wang, Jane S. Hocking, Christopher K. Fairley, and Lei Zhang. "Modelling the potential role of saliva use during masturbation in the transmission of." Sexual Health 18, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh21138.
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Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be cultured from saliva in men with pharyngeal gonorrhoea and could theoretically be transmitted from the pharynx to the urethra when saliva is used as a lubricant for masturbation. In this work, we proposed that saliva use during masturbation may be a potential transmission route of gonorrhoea. Methods We analysed the transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the oropharynx, urethra and anorectum with mathematical models among men who have sex with men using data from six different studies. Model 1 included transmission routes (oral sex, anal sex, rimming, kissing, and three sequential sex practices). In Model 2, we added saliva use during solo masturbation and mutual masturbation to model 1. Results Model 2 could replicate single site infection at the oropharynx, urethra and anorectum and multi-site infection across six different datasets. However, the calibration of Model 2 was not significantly different from Model 1 across four datasets. Model 2 generated an incidence of gonorrhoea from masturbation of between 5.2% (95% CI: 3.2–10.1) to 10.6% (95% CI: 5.8–17.3) across six data sets. Model 2 also estimated that about one in four cases of urethral gonorrhoea might arise from solo masturbation and mutual masturbation. Conclusions Our models raise the possibility that saliva use during masturbation may play a role in transmitting gonorrhoea. This is an important area to explore because it contributes to the knowledge base about gonorrhoea transmission.
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Hampton, Michelle DeCoux, and Michelle Lieggi. "Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017742168.
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Background: Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States. Methods: The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who reside in the United States. Results: There were 19 studies included in the review with a total of 795 participants. Eight themes were identified and grouped into three broader categories: experiences that preceded sex work entry, experiences that facilitated sex work continuation, and experiences that facilitated sex work exit. Conclusions: Understanding the barriers and facilitators of commercial sexual exploitation can inform the development of interventions that address the needs of CSEY and youth at risk for exploitation. The results of this review highlight the social and economic influences as well as the role of positive and negative reinforcements involved in sex work entry, its continuation, and exit. Needs for services, research, and advocacy are also discussed.
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Harris, Jeanne M., Jacqueline Bede, and Kenichi Tsuda. "Focus on the Role of the Abiotic Environment on Interactions Between Plants and Microbes." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 35, no. 7 (July 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-22-0099-fi.
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Interactions between plants and microbes are shaped by the physical world that surrounds them. In nature, the abiotic environment is complex, and factors such as nutrient and water availability, humidity, wind, carbon dioxide levels, salt, pollutants, and temperature all affect the growth and physiology of plants and microbes as well as their interactions. Much of our mechanistic understanding of plant-microbe interactions comes from experiments done in carefully controlled conditions. This Focus Issue looks at how aspects of the abiotic environment affect these plant-microbe interactions, and, conversely, how plant-microbe interactions affect host response to abiotic stress. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022. Additional content is available on the Focus on the Role of the Abiotic Environment on Interactions Between Plants and Microbes. Complete Genome Sequence of Curtobacterium sp. C1, a Beneficial Endophyte with the Potential for In-Plant Salinity Stress Alleviation Proteasomal Degradation of JAZ9 by Salt- and Drought-Induced Ring Finger 1 During Pathogen Infection
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Dacka, Monika. "Child sexual abuse ‒ issues and prevention." Educational Psychology 65, no. 23 (March 31, 2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9114.
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Child sexual abuse is considered a social problem because of its high prevalence and its negative long-term consequences on child development and functioning (Séguin-Lemire et al., 2017). It is difficult to estimate the scale of this phenomenon due to the failure of victims to report situations of abuse. The severity of sexual abuse is determined by many factors, including technological advances that facilitate access to developmentally inappropriate content, lack of parental attention, environmental support or sex education (Handayani, Rasmita, 2020). Children who experience abuse may struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (Berliner, 2011), depression (Greger et al., 2015), and anxiety (Doerfler et al., 2009). Failure to therapeutically work through traumatic experiences of abuse can lead to emotional, or personality disorders in adulthood (Kiemblowski, 2002; Salter, 2003). Children living around the world are unable to understand sexual abuse, being let alone give informed consent to it. The role of early prevention measures to protect the youngest from sexual abuse is increasingly emphasised (Wurtele, 2009; Zeuthen & Hagelskjaer, 2013). Review studies indicate the importance of prevention in increasing children’s self-defence knowledge and skills (Topping, Barron, 2009; Walsh et al., 2015). Numerous studies conducted so far indicate the significant role of the close environment in conducting effective prevention of sexual harassment of the youngest (Farmer et al, 2011; Pieper, DeHann, 2017; Reppucci et al, 1994). The aim of this article is to present the issue of child sexual abuse and show the importance of selected preventive actions taken by the family and non-family environment (Wortley, Smallbone, 2006). Involvement of the close environment, according to the assumptions of Bronfenbrenner’s model (1977), may contribute to effective protection of the youngest on many interacting levels. According to Bandura’s (2002) theory, children learn by observing and imitating the behaviour of real life characters. It is therefore important to answer the question: how can children’s close environments work together to effectively protect them from sexual abuse?
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Zayed, J., S. Ducic, G. Campanella, J. C. Panisset, P. André, H. Masson, and M. Roy. "Facteurs environnementaux dans l'étiologie de la maladie de Parkinson." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (August 1990): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030584.
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ABSTRACT:We examined the role of the environment in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). A group of 42 parkinsonians have been compared with a group of 84 matched controls. The epidemiological study (1987-1989) covered the territory of the Community Health Department of Valleyfield, in southern Quebec (Canada). Odds ratio adjusted for age and sex were calculated for seven environmental factors. A decreased risk for PD was associated with residence in rural areas (OR: 0.31; p ≤ 0.05) and residence near industry or mining (OR: 0.15; p ≤ 0.05). An increased risk for PD seems to be associated with occupational exposure to the three metals Mn, Fe and Al (OR: 2.28; p = 0.07) especially when the duration of exposure is longer than 30 years (OR: 13.64; p ≤ 0.05). Other environmental factors not found to be associated with PD were: pesticides manipulation, farm work, industrial work and well water consumption.
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Putnis, Nina, and Jennifer Burr. "Evidence or stereotype? Health inequalities and representations of sex workers in health publications in England." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 6 (March 11, 2019): 665–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459319833242.
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The health of sex workers is considerably influenced by their position in society and by the marginalisation and stigmatisation they face worldwide. They are frequently criminalised and labelled as deviant, disordered or ‘vulnerable’: stereotypes that simplify and misrepresent their realities. Sex work policies create social and structural barriers, creating dangerous work environments and exacerbating significant health inequalities. Health organisations and their policies play an important role in highlighting inequalities and guiding health systems in reducing them. In this article, we use a document analysis design to analyse how and when sex workers are depicted in policies and publications by English national health organisations: National Health Service (NHS) England, Public Health England and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, along with the UK Department of Health. We find that sex workers are largely absent in these documents and, when present, are depicted not using evidence, but simplistically with moralistic undertones. The dichotomous constructions found in these texts: vulnerable yet also criminal ‘prostitute’ reflect wider political and social constructions of sex working women. This not only obscures their realities but also homogenises, blames and stigmatises, ultimately doing the opposite of what these organisations purport to do: it damages their health and well-being.
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Goymann, Wolfgang, Andrea Wittenzellner, Ingrid Schwabl, and Musa Makomba. "Progesterone modulates aggression in sex-role reversed female African black coucals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1638 (February 5, 2008): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1707.
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Testosterone is assumed to be the key hormone related to resource-defence aggression. While this role has been confirmed mostly in the context of reproduction in male vertebrates, the effect of testosterone on the expression of resource-defence aggression in female vertebrates is not so well established. Furthermore, laboratory work suggests that progesterone inhibits aggressive behaviour in females. In this study, we investigated the hormonal changes underlying territorial aggression in free-living female African black coucals, Centropus grillii (Aves; Cuculidae). Females of this sex-role reversed polyandrous bird species should be particularly prone to be affected by testosterone because they aggressively defend territories similar to males of other species. We show, however, that territorial aggression in female black coucals is modulated by progesterone. After aggressive territorial challenges female black coucals expressed lower levels of progesterone than unchallenged territorial females and females without territories, suggesting that progesterone may suppress territorial aggression and is downregulated during aggressive encounters. Indeed, females treated with physiological concentrations of progesterone were less aggressive than females with placebo implants. This is one of the first demonstrations of a corresponding hormone–behaviour interaction under challenged and experimental conditions in free-living females. We anticipate that our observation in a sex-role reversed species may provide a more general mechanism, by which progesterone—in interaction with testosterone—may regulate resource-defence aggression in female vertebrates.
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Marín-García, Pablo Jesús, Lola Llobat, Carlos Rouco, Juan Antonio Aguayo-Adán, Torben Larsen, Maria Cambra-López, Enrique Blas, and Juan José Pascual Amorós. "Unravelling the Role of Metabolites for Detecting Physiological State of Wild Animals: European Rabbit’s (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Case." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223225.
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European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been defined as a keystone species in the Mediterranean ecosystem. Rabbits have been classed as “endangered” by the IUCN within their native range. In this sense, animal nutrition may play a fundamental and limiting role in the conservation of wild species. The overarching goal of ecological nutrition is to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that direct animals in their interactions with their ecological environments. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different feed intake, geographic location, animal sex, and reproductive stage on glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), albumin, glutamate, and total protein metabolites. Additionally, we examined the potential of these metabolites as biomarkers. Full stomach contents and blood samples were collected from European wild rabbits (n = 89) for the analysis of the metabolites described above. Our work shows that the levels of these metabolites are affected by the sex of the animals, as well as by their reproductive stage (glucose, NEFA and albumin). There were signs of better optimisation of resources by females than by other groups of animals. These data may be interesting in the study of nutritional components that could be affecting physiological state of this species.
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Tolochek, V. "Social Environment Conditions, Resources And Social Success Of Subjects: Open Questions." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021478-1.
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The article is devoted to the study of temporal and spatial characteristics of the conditions of the social environment as potential resources for the social success of subjects. The author's methodology was used (questionnaire “Dynamics of professional life style”); respondents (482 men and women aged 30–50 years old — civil servants, engineers and heads of departments of industrial enterprises, managers) assessed in points the role of social environment conditions as “professional factors”, the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years; their socio-demographic and service characteristics were recorded. In the course of statistical analysis, the total sample was divided into different groups (men and women, specialists and managers, representatives of various professions, realized and unrealized in the family sphere); the sums of assessments of the environmental conditions of different social spaces were used (“Parental family”, “Relatives”, “Interpersonal relations”, “Own family”, “Work environment”, “Mesoenvironment”) and relative assessments (reflecting the duration of the duties of the head, managerial experience and family life relative to the age of the respondents). We received confirmation of the hypothesis that different positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not equally significant for all people, people of different sex, age, working in different fields of activity, having different social experience; in case of joint and/or long-term impact, the positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not summed up and do not give a stronger effect than with their separate, selective and/or short-term effects.
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Malawati, Nur, Julli Mursyida, and Mohd Heikal. "ANALISIS PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA SMP NEGERI DI KECAMATAN BLANG MANGAT." J-MIND (Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia) 7, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/j-mind.v7i2.9009.
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This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and work discipline on teacher performance and motivation. In addition, it also aims to see the role of motivation as a mediation between these relationships. The data used in this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires, while the sampling technique is census. So the sample in this study amounted to 120 respondents at the State Junior High School in the District of Blang Mangat. The analytical method in this study is quantitative and the data analysis technique uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis which is operated through SEM Amos. The results of the study found that the work environment had no effect on motivation, while work discipline had a positive and significant effect on motivation. The work environment and motivation have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, but work discipline has a negative and significant effect on teacher performance. In addition, work motivation is not able to mediate the relationship between the work environment and teacher performance, but motivation fully mediates the relationship between work discipline and teacher performance
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Lennon, Elizabeth M., Jane S. Woodrow, Courtney A. Thomason, Luke B. Borst, Laura E. Edwards, and Adam James Moeser. "Mast Cells Play a Protective Role in Spontaneous Colitis." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 118.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.118.20.
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Abstract Mast cells are modulators of inflammation and are activated during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous work has demonstrated that mast cells are proinflammatory in acute models of chemical colitis. However, the role of mast cells in chronic, spontaneous IBD models remains to be fully defined. We hypothesized that mast cells play a protective role in chronic, spontaneous colitis. We compared colitis and intestinal barrier function in IL10−/− mice to mast cell-deficient, colitis prone mice (double knockout (DKO): IL-10−/− x KitWsh/Wsh). Systemic engraftment of DKO mice with mast cells was performed. Mast cell-deficient DKO mice exhibited more severe colitis compared to mice that lacked IL-10 alone, indicated by increased colitis scores, mucosal hypertrophy, increased intestinal permeability, and spontaneous colonic cytokine production. Reconstitution of DKO mice with mast cells prevented colitis (reduced colitis scores, mucosal hypertrophy, TNF, and intestinal permeability). PCR array analyses demonstrated the influence of mast cells on cytokine expression. Analysis of the microbiota revealed sex-specific differences between IL10 and DKO mice, in particular, the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucus degrader associated with colitis. Derivation of DKO mice into a germ-free environment revealed that the microbiota is required for disease development. RNA-seq on colon samples revealed candidate genes for the protective effects of mast cells. These results demonstrate that mast cell deficiency exacerbates disease in a chronic, spontaneous IBD model, indicating that mast cells may have protective functions in IBD, and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Casado-Navarro, Rafael, Rodrigo Torrillas-de la Cal, Esther Serrano-Saiz, Javier Macho Rendón, and Juan Ramón Martínez-Morales. "Dmrt5 beyond the cortex: early role in the sexual differentiation of the mouse limbic system." IBJ Plus 1, s5 (June 3, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24217/2531-0151.22v1s5.00005.
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The mammalian limbic system is sexually dimorphic and underlies sex-specific innate behaviors such as mating, maternal care, and aggression. However, the genetic programs involved in the sexual differentiation of the limbic system are poorly understood. Dmrt transcription factors have emerged as conserved regulators of sex-specific traits across animal kingdom. They have been studied mostly in invertebrates, where they play an important role in nervous system sexual differentiation. In mammals, Dmrt genes have been predominantly studied in the gonads, however, Dmrt5, controls cortex development in humans and mice. In fact, mutations in DMRTA2 (Dmrt5) lead to a recessive human condition characterized by microcephaly and lissencephaly. Surprisingly, there are no studies beyond the cortex nor comparing males and females. In this work we use Dmrt5 null mutant mice, RNAseq and histological techniques to study Dmrt5 function in the developing mammalian nervous system beyond the cortex and comparing males and females. It is plausible that genetic factors involved in brain sexual differentiation, like Dmrt, may represent also etiologic causes for mental disorders, explaining the observed male-female sexual bias. In this study we showed that Dmrt5 is broadly expressed in the mouse nervous system, including the vomeronasal organ, olfactory tubercle, or ventral tegmental area (all key nodes in the control of innate behaviors). Furthermore, we showed that Dmrt5 is necessary for the correct specification of the main olfactory epithelium, the olfactory bulb, and several hypothalamic nuclei. Additionally, we found a novel function for Dmrt5 as a suppressor of sex differences in gene expression in the posterior hypothalamic area and midbrain. In this region, Dmrt5 could be specifying and maintaining a neuronal subpopulation or a group of neurons only in males. Taken together, Dmrt5 comes out as a crucial transcription factor for the accurate differentiation of limbic regions, integrating sex information. By studying the genetic factors involved in sexual differentiation of the nervous system, we might find potential factors to either afford protection or generate vulnerability in one sex versus the other for sex-biased mental disorders.
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Behbahaninia, Hirbod, Kevin J. McGraw, Michael W. Butler, and Matthew B. Toomey. "Food color preferences against a dark, textured background vary in relation to sex and age in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)." Behaviour 149, no. 1 (2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853912x626141.
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AbstractMany animals consume colorful foods, because bright coloration either enhances conspicuousness of food items or signals nutritional rewards. A comparatively under-studied aspect of food color preferences is the role of the background environment in shaping food detectability and choices. Previous work with house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus), for example, showed that individuals preferred red and green food items and avoided yellow ones. However, this study of desert, ground-feeding birds was done with seeds presented against an artificial white background that is unlikely to reflect natural conditions. Therefore, we performed a similar experiment, but quantified selection of colorful foods using a different visual environment that better mimicked natural conditions. We mixed dark, inedible distractor pellets (i.e., analogous to natural desert sand and rocks) with sunflower kernels that were colored red, green, yellow, or orange to test for differences in foraging patterns by sex, age, and expression of male plumage coloration in non-molting house finches. This food presentation resulted in yellow seeds having a significantly greater chromatic, but not achromatic, contrast with the background than red or green seeds. Under these conditions, all birds consumed yellow, and to a lesser extent red, seeds most often, and both adult males and females had a strong preference for yellow kernels; adult males also tended to prefer green kernels, but females tended not to prefer green kernels. Juveniles showed no significant preferences for any seed color, and adult male plumage coloration was not related to seed color preference. Therefore, in contrast to studies using different foraging environments, house finches tended to prefer yellow seeds, supporting models that suggest that visual background and contrast may be more important than color per se in visually mediated foraging decisions of birds. Moreover, the fact that adult males and females differed in food color preference has not been reported previously in songbirds.
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Mbonye, Martin, Godfrey Siu, and Janet Seeley. "The meaning of fatherhood to men in relationships with female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda: The struggle to model the traditional parameters of fatherhood and masculinity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): e0273298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273298.
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Many women who engage in sex work in sub-Saharan Africa become pregnant, often unintentionally. There is limited attention paid to the experiences of fathers of children born to women engaged in sex work. We examine the meaning of fatherhood to these men, the significance of children, and how they navigate the economic and cultural challenges of fatherhood in this context. Analysis is based on ethnographic data from 13 men who identified as intimate long-term partners of female sex workers (FSW) in Kampala City, Uganda. Our findings illustrate how men who have children with FSW struggled to model the traditional parameters of fatherhood and masculinity. We found that men who had children with FSW faced hurdles fitting within the social construction of ideal fatherhood. Accepting fatherhood often started with doubts over the pregnancy because of the multiple partnerships of women. Men who only saw themselves as clients struggled to adjust to being fathers because of their perceptions of the social implications of fathering a child with a FSW. Integration of mothers who were also sex workers into the man’s extended family was a challenge because of the fear of negative reactions from family members. However, when men accepted their roles as fathers, they started seeing value in their children. Due to poverty, most of the men fell short of the societal measures of masculinity, but children transformed their social status before their society and family. The provider role often used to define good fathering was a challenge for men. However, the financial support from FSW partners softened the burden and facilitated the creation of a family environment constructed to the perceived standards of the broader society. Our findings provide insights into the state of parenting among FSW and their partners which can guide interventions that are tailored to their unique circumstances.
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HOVORUN, Tamara, and Darina KOSKINA. "Application M. Veber’s ideas to understanding sex differences in professional background presentation." EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2015.3.01.
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According to Max Veber”s ideas about economics consequences of social stratification the results of sex differences in professional background presentation of Ukrainian students have been studied. We compared students’ estimation their own socialpsychological characteristics in ability to perform successfully the work functions. Complex psychological diagnostic methods as control localization in perception their role in work achievements and defeats,qualities of integrated self-assessment, measuring social competence and saturation of life existential goals and values gave us some indicators of gender differences in professional background presentations. Female’s sample entails a reduction of their personal vocational aspirations by more strong psychological pressure of traditional stereotypes on their social functioning.
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Salandin, Andrea. "Prappctices in Physics For Engineering Students." Studies in Educational Management 8 (December 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/sem.2020.08.01.
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Digital technologies are changing our communication way and are crucial and essential in our everyday lives, entertainment, study, and work. The educational sector incorporates more and more Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to create a more creative, participatory and socialising learning environment. In this challenging context, some prAPPactices with embedded use of apps have been introduced in our Physics laboratory as part of the new active teaching strategies to increase student satisfaction and motivation. We present three examples of the most representative newly introduced prAPPctices regarding acoustics, lighting and elasticity in our subjects in two different degrees (building engineering and mechanical engineering). Students become main actors in a smarter, portable, reproducible, and more exciting learning environment and the teacher role is set on a second layer. Creating a new, more exciting, personal and customised working and learning environment has improved student’s engagement and satisfaction and the quality of the laboratory reports with direct and positive consequences on the grades.
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Coe, Jesse L., Lauren Micalizzi, Brittney Josefson, Stephanie H. Parade, Ronald Seifer, and Audrey R. Tyrka. "Sex differences in associations between early adversity, child temperament, and behavior problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420912012.
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Early adversity is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems among children, and effects of adversity on dimensions of child temperament may underlie these links. However, very little is known about the role of child sex in these processes. The current study examined whether there are indirect effects of early adversity on behavior problems through dimensions of child temperament and whether these indirect effects vary across child sex. Participants in this multimethod (parent-report survey, semistructured interview, child protection records) study included 274 preschool-aged children ( M age = 50.86 months; 52% with documented case of moderate to severe maltreatment) and their primary caregivers assessed at two time points spaced 6 months apart. Results of multigroup path analyses revealed that while anger mediated associations between lifetime stress and behavior problems for the full sample, inhibitory control and appropriate attentional allocation were significant intermediary mechanisms of lifetime stress for boys, but not for girls. Inhibitory control mediated associations between maltreatment and behavior problems for the full sample, but appropriate attentional allocation mediated these associations for boys only. Results suggest that early adversity influences child behavior problems through child temperament, particularly for boys. This work supports the perspective that temperament is influenced by characteristics of the early rearing environment, and the indirect effects of adversity on behavior problems through temperament vary across sex.