Journal articles on the topic 'Sex role in the work environment Victoria'
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1
Loesberg, Jonathan. "FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORK ON VICTORIAN AESTHETICISM." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (September 2001): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002157.
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IN MASCULINE DESIRE:The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism, his study of the role of male same-sex attraction among Victorian aestheticist writers, Richard Dellamora refers to Elaine Showalter’s claim that Gerard Manley Hopkins was one of a series of writers who tried to reclaim male literary dominance from women writers in the wake of George Eliot’s death in 1880. Dellamora proposes instead what he thinks a more likely source of creative anxiety: “Insofar as he may appear at times to regard literary creativity as a male prerogative, his anxieties are better referred to a celibate homosocial environment than to the creative ascendancy of Victorian women writers” (56). But these two anxieties may not be entirely separate. Recent critical studies have shown that the mid-Victorian novel, whether written by women or men, was a form dominated by domestic and marriage plots, by the depiction of the bourgeois family and the construction of gender roles as principles of social regulation. Thus the emergence from the shadow of Eliot and the turning of aestheticist literature and art toward various alternative constructions of gender and desire — not merely new claims of masculine prerogative but also articulations by women writers of positions resistant to Victorian gender regularities — would be intimately connected.
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Grittner, Alison, and Kathleen C. Sitter. "The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies." Affilia 35, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
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This article conceptualizes how place-based analysis can generate innovative understandings of sex work and spatial justice, including ways in which stigma, well-being, and marginality are embodied in sex work places. Focusing on three interconnected dimensions of place—geographic location, material environment, and sociopower structures—this article examines the unexplored realm of place and sex work. Beginning with an analysis of existing sex work literature and knowledge relating to dimensions of place, we explicate the role of feminist ideologies, juridical contexts, and the built environment as the conceptual and analytic groundwork for a place-based understanding of sex work. Architectural spatial methods then generate a place-based analysis of two case study exemplars: the Residence in Western Canada and the Strichtplatz in Zurich, Switzerland. We conclude by considering avenues to incorporate place theory into sex work research and the social work discipline, ultimately advocating for research, policy, and practice that concomitantly address sex workers’ social and spatial oppression.
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Rothausen, Teresa J. "Management Work—Family Research and Work—Family Fit." Family Business Review 22, no. 3 (June 8, 2009): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486509337409.
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In this article, 25 years of organization science research on work—family is summarized, and its implications for building the human, social, and economic elements of family capital in family business are developed. The impact of work—family conflict; sex and gender roles; role enrichment; work—family benefits, programs, and policies; and work, job, and organization redesign are emphasized. A social systems model of environment—environment fit—work—family fit—is developed. Implications for future research and for investing in family capital are discussed.
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G. V., Vaniprabha, and Madhusudhan S. "Suicide Attempts and Pattern Among the Beginners and Established Female Commercial Sex Workers." Journal of Psychosexual Health 1, no. 2 (April 2019): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631831819849726.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the pattern of suicide and extent of depression among female commercial sex workers (CSWs). Methodology: 200 female CSWs classified as beginners and established depending on the number of years of sex work were referred to Victoria Hospital in Bengaluru, India, by an NGO called Swathi Mane which works for the betterment of these women. Results: The pattern of suicide and the number of attempts among both the groups were different indicating that the number of years of sex work played a major role among these women in deciding the number of attempts and pattern of suicide. The reasons for attempting suicide also are interesting to the fact that the women who are new to this profession suffer from depression and guilt and attempt suicide, while women who are into this profession for quite some time now are accustomed to this trade and have lesser or no suicide attempts. The depression scores among these two groups were also higher as per Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores.
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Wong, William C. W., Phil W. S. Leung, and C. W. Li. "HIV behavioural risks and the role of work environment among Chinese male sex workers in Hong Kong." AIDS Care 24, no. 3 (January 31, 2012): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.608785.
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Frankis, Jamie S., and Paul Flowers. "The role of contact efficacy in evaluating sexual health promotion—evidence-based outreach work within a public sex environment." Sexual Health 3, no. 2 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05032.
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Background: This paper explores the role of contact efficacy in evidence-based health promotion by evaluating a public sex environment (PSE) based sexual health outreach program. The service operated in situ from a dedicated mobile unit to promote sexual health among PSE users. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (response rate 56%) measured socio-demographics, sexual health behaviours and outreach-service use among men sampled within the PSE (n = 216). Results: Most participants were aware of the service and two-thirds had contacted them. Men who had not completed hepatitis A vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02), who had ever received money for sex (OR = 2.07) or who reported a diagnosed mental health disorder(s) (OR = 2.38) were significantly more likely to have contacted the service. Although 89% of service users perceived the intervention positively, only 26% felt it had contributed to sexual behaviour changes. Conclusions: The ‘mobile-unit’ outreach model contacted a large proportion of PSE users, specifically men who had greater health needs. We advocate the adoption of this outreach model over traditional PSE-based outreach approaches. Contact efficacy evaluation is useful to assess ongoing health interventions. However, caution must be exerted when interpreting certain contact efficacy results. Since causality may not always be inferred, triangulation with other evaluative methodologies is recommended.
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Okafor, Uchenna O., Rik Crutzen, Egbe A. Awo, and Bart Van Den Borne. "Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 10 (September 17, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p183.
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A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
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Boonen, Annelies, Caroline Boone, Adelin Albert, and Herman Mielants. "Understanding Limitations in At-work Productivity in Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Role of Work-related Contextual Factors." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131287.
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Objective.To explore the effect of health-related and contextual factors on presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Consecutive patients with AS starting their first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and in paid employment were eligible. Patients completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire for AS to assess presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in the previous 7 days. In addition, they answered questions about work characteristics (type, characteristics of workplace, satisfaction of contacts with colleagues, and importance of work in life) and health status [Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), AS Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP)]. Physicians assessed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, presence of articular and extraarticular manifestations, comorbidities, and laboratory indicators of inflammation. Stepwise regression models were computed to determine which work-related and health-related factors contributed to WPAI outcomes.Results.The study included 80 patients. The WPAI presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss scores were 49.1%, 30.2%, and 53.1%, respectively. Presenteeism was associated with higher BASFI, female sex, and poor quality of contact with colleagues. Absenteeism was associated with increasing age, current smoking status, higher ASDAS-CRP, and low importance of work for life. Overall work productivity loss was associated with female sex, higher BASFI, past adaptation of job because of illness, number of working hours, and manual profession.Conclusion.Both health-related and contextual factors contribute to work limitations in patients with AS and suggest additional opportunities for improvement by addressing the working environment.
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Darian-Smith, Kate, and Nikki Henningham. "Site, school, community." History of Education Review 43, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of vocational education for girls, focusing on how curriculum and pedagogy developed to accommodate changing expectations of the role of women in the workplace and the home in mid-twentieth century Australia. As well as describing how pedagogical changes were implemented through curriculum, it examines the way a modern approach to girls’ education was reflected in the built environment of the school site and through its interactions with its changing community. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes a case study approach, focusing on the example of the J.H. Boyd Domestic College which functioned as a single-sex school for girls from 1932 until its closure in 1985. Oral history testimony, private archives, photographs and government school records provide the material from which an understanding of the school is reconstructed. Findings – This detailed examination of the history of J.H. Boyd Domestic College highlights the highly integrated nature of the school's environment with the surrounding community, which strengthened links between the girls and their community. It also demonstrates how important the school's buildings and facilities were to contemporary ideas about the teaching of girls in a vocational setting. Originality/value – This is the first history of J.H. Boyd Domestic College to examine the intersections of gendered, classed ideas about pedagogy with ideas about the appropriate built environment for the teaching of domestic science. The contextualized approach sheds new light on domestic science education in Victoria and the unusually high quality of the learning spaces available for girls’ education.
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Barratt, Monica J., Michael Livingston, Sharon Matthews, and Susan L. Clemens. "Gaming machine density is correlated with rates of help-seeking for problem gambling: a local area analysis in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.16.
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Local environment plays an important role in understanding gambling as a public health issue. This study uses help-seeking as an outcome measure for a local area analysis of problem gambling in Victoria, Australia. We used a cross-sectional ecological design to investigate the extent to which gaming industry and demographic, economic, and social factors are associated with rates of telephone and face-to-face counselling for problem gambling at the local government area level. Electronic gaming machine density was independently correlated with both types of help-seeking, with a range of local factors controlled. This study supports previous research that has consistently found an association between gaming machine density and problem gambling, using gaming machine expenditure as a proxy measure of harm. We build on previous work by confirming that this relationship exists when gambling harm is measured through two types of help-seeking.
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Linge, Ina. "Queer Ecology in Loïe Fuller’s Modernist Dance and Magnus Hirschfeld’s Die Transvestiten." Environmental Humanities 14, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 618–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9962937.
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Abstract Dance orients the performer’s body toward both environment and pleasure, yet the intersection of environmental and sexual attunement in dance practice remains an underexplored area of research. This article considers how environmental and sexual readings of dance practice can be brought together by proposing a queer ecological approach to modernist dance. Drawing on research in dance studies, feminist and queer science studies, and sexology studies, the article examines the work of Loïe Fuller, an early pioneer of modernist dance, to show how Fuller’s work engages with themes of both sex and nature and consequently introduces environmentally attuned thinking to early twentieth century sexual knowledge production. By examining the parallels and divergences between Magnus Hirschfeld’s early twentieth-century sexological writing about “transvestitism” and Loïe Fuller’s modernist dance, via the copycat dancer Henry Cyril Paget, this article shows that both dance and sexology rethought the relationship between sex and nature by grappling, to different extents, with a queer vision of nature, where nature loses its explanatory force and moral authority. This reveals the importance of nature and the nonhuman in the production of modern concepts of sex, gender, and sexuality and the important role that dance can play in illuminating the intersection of sex and nature.
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Layton, Natasha. "Barriers and Facilitators to Community Mobility for Assistive Technology Users." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/454195.
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Mobility is frequently described in terms of individual body function and structures however contemporary views of disability also recognise the role of environment in creating disability.Aim. To identify consumer perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators to optimal mobility for a heterogeneous population of impaired Victorians who use assistive technology in their daily lives.Method. An accessible survey investigated the impact of supports or facilitators upon actual and desired life outcomes and health-related quality of life, from 100 AT users in Victoria, Australia. This paper reports upon data pertaining to community mobility.Results. A range of barriers and enablers to community mobility were identified including access to AT devices, environmental interventions, public transport, and inclusive community environs. Substantial levels of unmet need result in limited personal mobility and community participation. Outcomes fall short of many principles enshrined in current policy and human rights frameworks.Conclusion. AT devices as well as accessible and inclusive home and community environs are essential to maximizing mobility for many. Given the impact of the environment upon the capacity of individuals to realise community mobility, this raises the question as to whether rehabilitation practitioners, as well as prescribing AT devices, should work to build accessible communities via systemic advocacy.
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Anitha, S. "A Study on Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace 2013 Act - Social Work Intervention through Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal with Special Cases Illustration." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i3.1526.
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Sexual Harassment is a form of unwelcome sexual behaviors and taking sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature act that tends to create a hostile environment for women at the workplace. The author is an external committee member for various companies such as manufacturing industries, garment industries, software companies, and handled several sexual harassment incident inquiries. Based on these experiences and during the inquiries employees expressed their experiences such as uncomfortable touching, starring a women continuously, commenting or joking (Sexually colored remarks), sexually explicit pictures or posters, requests for sex, intrusive questions about persons private life or body, unnecessary familiarity, insults or taunts based on sex, sexually explicit physical contact, sexually explicit chats, mails, SMS, facebook, twitter any other social media. Apart from this, in this paper illustrated a case inquiry in detail through social work perspectives.
Objectives
Transmit the social workers to create a safe working environment for women employees through taking part in ICC external Committee member
Impart the sequence of incident inquiry under the POSH ACT 2013 and how to impart awareness sessions and documentation under the act.
Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment or Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment orcompany or any organized or unorganized organization, conducting orientation programs for ICCmembers, providing POSH act prevention, prohibition, and redressal issues. In addition to this,the Social worker plays a foremost role in prevention, prohibition through avoiding such instanceor circumstance occurrence in the organization. Moreover, they play a very crucial role duringthe incident that has already occurred in the redressal process. Since its inception of harassment,incident reporting, inquiry, and resettlement issues will be handled by the social worker of anNGO. In this regard, social worker intrusion is very important to handle the situations and give justification to the aggrieved women.
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Morris, Jake, Iulia Darolti, Wouter van der Bijl, and Judith E. Mank. "High-resolution characterization of male ornamentation and re-evaluation of sex linkage in guppies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1937 (October 21, 2020): 20201677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1677.
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Coloration plays a key role in the ecology of many species, influencing how an organism interacts with its environment, other species and conspecifics. Guppies are sexually dimorphic, with males displaying sexually selected coloration resulting from female preference. Previous work has suggested that much of guppy colour pattern variation is Y-linked. However, it remains unclear how many individual colour patterns are Y-linked in natural populations as much of the previous work has focused on phenotypes either not found in the wild, or aggregate measures such as total colour area. Moreover, ornaments have traditionally been identified and delineated by hand, and computational methods now make it possible to extract pixels and identify ornaments with automated methods, reducing the potential for human bias. Here we developed a pipeline for semi-automated ornament identification and high-resolution image analysis of male guppy colour patterns and applied it to a multigenerational pedigree. Our results show that loci controlling the presence or the absence of individual male ornaments in our population are not predominantly Y-linked. However, we find that ornaments of similar colour are not independent of each other, and modifier loci that affect whole animal coloration appear to be at least partially Y-linked. Considering these results, Y-linkage of individual ornaments may not be important in driving colour changes in natural populations of guppies, or in expansions of the non-recombining Y region, while Y-linked modifier loci that affect aggregate traits may well play an important role.
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Toyota, Kenji. "Uncovering the role of endocrine factors in decapod physiology." Impact 2022, no. 4 (August 2, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.4.23.
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Crustaceans are a valuable food source and commercially important. In order to ensure population stability, environmental diversity and food security, understanding the underlying endocrinology of these arthropods is key. Dr Kenji Toyota, Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, is working on research to shed light on the mechanisms that control key stages in crustacean life cycles and better understand how they have adapted to the environment of Sado Island. The research involves field work, breeding-based experiments with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse endocrine factors and related genes, with a focus on the eyestalk-derived hormones found in decapod crustaceans. One of Toyota's key projects is focused on the environmental sex determination (ESD) and toxicogenomics of the water flea Daphnia. He and his collaborators have reported on how insect growth regulators (IGRs) have disrupted non-target arthropod species, which includes larval lethality, defects arising in the metamorphosis process and disruption in sexual differentiation. Toyota's work is highlighting the negative environmental impacts of waste products and chemicals and also uncovering knowledge that can assist in the management of populations in both wild and farmed settings. Toyota has revealed the endocrine mechanisms that control metamorphosis during larval development and uncovered the ecotoxicological impacts of IGRs. The researchers are also investigating the roles of hormones innate JH (methyl farnesoate) and ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) in the progression of Kuruma prawns throughout the larval stages.
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López-Ibort, Nieves, Delia González-de la Cuesta, Teresa Antoñanzas-Lombarte, and Ana Gascón-Catalán. "The Correlation between Leader–Member Exchange and Organisational Commitment among Spanish Registered Nurses: The Moderating Role of Sex and Hospital Size." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030721.
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The role of the supervisor in hospitals is to oversee and encourage the active work participation of registered nurses. In this context, leadership should be focused on the creation of a positive environment for the generation of high-quality care and the development of attitudes that have a beneficial influence on the work of the registered nurse. The aims of this study have been: (i) To verify if the quality of the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship was correlated with organisational commitment; (ii) to establish if the correlation could be moderated by empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. A cross-sectional survey with self-report questionnaires was performed. A total of 2541 registered nurses from nine public hospitals participated in the study. They completed scales measuring leader–member exchange, commitment, empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. There was a positive correlation between the quality of the leader–member exchange and commitment. Leader–leader exchange has a moderating effect on this relationship. The moderating effects of empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–member exchange on the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship and the nurse’s organisational commitment are influenced by sex and/or hospital size. Organisations should design supervisor training strategies aimed at establishing high-quality supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationships.
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Nasution, Wahyuni Sari, R. Ira Irawati, and Didin Muhafidin. "Glass Ceiling dalam Peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan." JANE - Jurnal Administrasi Negara 14, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jane.v14i1.41326.
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This research is about Glass Ceiling in Advancing Career Paths for Female Civil Servants in Medan City Government motivated by the trend of increasing the number of female civil servants occurring both nationally and in the city of Medan itself, where in the city of Medan alone the number of female civil servants is almost double the total male civil servants. However, the dominance of women in terms of the number of female civil servants both at the national and regional levels has not been reflected in the level of participation of female civil servants in structural positions. Most women occupy Echelon IV structural positions and the higher the structural positions, the fewer women occupy these positions, this phenomenon can be assumed that the career development of female civil servants in high structural positions is relatively slower than male civil servants and the obstacles are invisible. that hinders career advancement is called Glass Ceiling.This study was conducted to identify the factors causing the glass ceiling in increasing the career path of Female Civil Servants in the Medan City Government and to obtain new inputs as policy implications in order to further reduce the factor glass ceiling thereby increasing the participation of female civil servants in structural positions. In reviewing this, the author uses three approaches, Women's Sex Role, Gender Stereotype and Work Environment. The author conducted in-depth interviews with 10 informants from six agencies within the Medan City Government. Then to process the data obtained, the author conducted an analysis using the six stages of Cresswell.The results show that Women's Sex Role, Gender Stereotype and Work Environment are factors that influence the increase in Career Paths of Female Civil Servants in the Medan City Government. So to overcome this and increase the participation of female civil servants in structural positions the policy implications are designing gender-sensitive infrastructure, increasing the involvement of women in public positions and policies and improving policies related to ASN in the implementation of the merit system, especially in terms of promotion. Penelitian ini mengenai Glass Ceiling dalam Peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan yang dilatar belakangi oleh tren peningkatan jumlah PNS Perempuan terjadi baik di nasional maupun Kota Medan sendiri, dimana di Kota Medan sendiri jumlah PNS Perempuan hamper dua kali lipat dari total PNS Laki-Laki. Namun dominasi Perempuan dari segi jumlah PNS Perempuan baik ditingkat nasional hingga daerah belum tercermin dalam tingkat partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam jabatan Struktural. Perempuan paling banyak menempati pada jabatan struktural Eselon IV dan semakin tinggi jabatan struktural maka makin sedikit perempuan yang menempati posisi tersebut, fenomena ini dapat diasumsikan bahwa perkembangan karir PNS Perempuan pada jabatan struktural tinggi relatif lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan PNS laki-laki dan hambatan yang tidak terlihat yang menghambat peningkatan jenjang karir disebut Glass Ceiling. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab glass ceiling dalam peningkatan jenjang karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan dan mendapatkan masukan baru sebagai implikasi kebijakan agar selanjutnya mampu mengurangi faktor glass ceiling tersebut sehingga meningkatkan partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam Jabatan Struktural. Dalam mengkaji hal tersebut penulis menggunakan tiga pendekatan yaitu Women’s Sex Role, Gender Stereotype dan Work Environment. Penulis melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada 10 Informan dari enam Instansi yang berada di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan. Kemudian untuk mengolah data yang diperoleh penulis melakukan analisis menggunakan enam tahapan dari Cresswell.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Women’s Sex Role, Gender Stereotype dan Work Environment menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan Jenjang Karir Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perempuan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Medan. Sehingga untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dan meningkatkan Partisipasi PNS Perempuan dalam jabatan struktural atas hal yang harus diperhatikan atau implikasi kebijakannya adalah Mendesain Infrastruktur yang sensitif terhadap gender, Meningkatkan keterlibatan perempuan dalam jabatan publik dan kebijakan dan memperbaiki Kebijakan terkait ASN dalam pelaksanaan merit system khsusunya dalam hal promosi jabatan.
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Balogh, Renátó, and Éva Bácsné Bába. "The role of sports and well-being programmes in choosing workplaces in the future." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00148.
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AbstractDue to recent changes in the labour market, recruitment and retaining employees have become more important than ever. Research dealing with the appearance of new generations in the labour market has found that they are less loyal to their employers, have high demands, and the key factors that they consider when choosing a job are salary, career opportunities, working environment, and work-life balance. As numerous studies in recent years have proved the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the context of labour, the question has arisen whether opportunities for sport participation and services supporting the well-being of employees have an influence on young people when they are seeking employment. We carried out an online survey to find out what students of the University of Debrecen think about the issue. The results were in line with the findings of previous studies, that is, young people look for high salaries, good working conditions, work-life balance and career opportunities when choosing a job. However, respondents did not identify sports opportunities and well-being benefits as major factors Yet, we found significant differences between different groups in terms of preference of particular factors, depending on sex, marital status, and whether someone does physical exercises regularly, and whether someone works while attending a university course or not.
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Maji, Sucharita. "“Doing Men’s Jobs”: A Commentary on Work–Life Balance Issues Among Women in Engineering and Technology." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 18, no. 1 (June 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622519854887.
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Despite a steep increase in female representation in the workforce in the last decade, the gendered division of labour in the family remains broadly unaltered. Women, even who work for the same duration as their husbands in the office and contribute equally or more to the financial status of the family, often take most of the shares of childcare responsibility and domestic work. Work–family conflict is a global problem for working men and women; the struggle is even more prominent among working women, especially those who work in male-dominated sectors such as engineering and technology. Working in gender-atypical professions, females in engineering and technology face solo status and experience perceived discrimination and social identity threat. They require to put additional efforts to adjust to the work environment which, in turn, impacts their work–life balance status. The gendered work culture in engineering and technology sectors is reported to be masculine and patrifocal as a result of the skewed sex-ratio. Moreover, the study attempted to find out how the gender-role perception and identification of them, gender stigma consciousness, and role conflict may further aggravate the work–family conflicts among women engineers. In addition, the added responsibilities and conflicts that come with motherhood and their impacts on the work–life balance are discussed.
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He, Danlong. "The Culprit Hormone: The Physiological Origin of School Violence amidst Middle School Students." Science Insights Education Frontiers 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or040.
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The increasingly severe school violence has become an influential and notorious worldwide problem. The attribution of school violence determines the formulation of coping strategies. Unlike the analysis of family, psychological and social factors, long-term front-line work and follow-up studies have found that student violence’s physiological factors in adolescence are more significant than other factors. The decisive factor leading to school violence among middle school students is the secretion of sex hormones during adolescence, so hormones mostly cause violence. Attributing school violence to “sex instinct” does not deny the role of education; on the contrary, it recognizes the crux of the problem and provides the possibility of finding effective prevention and intervention measures. Using dopamine to antagonize hormones provides a physiological basis for education and violence intervention. Strengthening physical exercise, carrying out activities where boys and girls are present simultaneously, and building a harmonious teacher-student relationship and a friendly campus environment effectively prevent middle school students from campus violence.
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Ansori, Rian Rosihan, and Tri Martiana. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN KONDISI PEKERJAAN TERHADAP STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT GIGI." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i1.2017.75-84.
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Job stress is an adaptive response and feedback adjustment in a condition individuals and the environment. Dental nurses face a variety of things in their duties that can cause stress, both physically and mentally. The objectives of this research are conducted to determine whether there is a correlation between individual characteristics and conditions of employment factors to the occurrence of occupational stress. The research was conducted with cross sectional design. By filling the questionnaire conducted to 22 dental nurses. Amount of samples used total population. The independent variables were the individual characteristics (age, sex, and years of marriage) and factor conditionsof employment (demand, support, ties up job roles). The result of the research showed that there was a strong relationship between job stress with sex, there was a strong relationship between job stress with the demands of work, there was enough relationship between job stress with age, tenure, support employment, labor relations and the role of work on dental nurses. The suggestion of results this study recommends that dental nurses need off work and do refreshing, providing training to dental nurses in improving the capability and skills. Relating to the implementation of the tasks, it’d better to conductjoint training among employees. They are aimed for the sake of increasing solidarity and friendshipness among colleagues. Giving rewards to employees are also recommended for the best achievement at work.Keywords: job stress, work period, work demands
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Slonecker, Blake. "“It’s with Tokens”." Pacific Historical Review 89, no. 3 (2020): 402–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.3.402.
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This article examines the evolving relationship between the women’s liberation movement and the underground press in Seattle between 1967 and 1970, arguing that the mixed-sex alternative media belatedly embraced feminist ideals but failed to establish robust feminist institutional cultures. Prior to 1969, the hierarchical work environment and masculine aesthetic of the Helix (1967–1970) proved inhospitable to feminist critiques. Beginning in 1969, the emergence of democratic work collectives and increasing coverage of feminism at the Helix and its successor, the Sabot (1970), provided the print space for radical women to organize and confront Movement men about toxic masculinity. By analyzing the relationship between women’s liberation and the underground press in Seattle, this article illuminates the ambivalent role of the underground press in applying feminist ideals to the cultural politics of the Movement in Seattle and nationwide.
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Hopley, Tara, and Andrew G. Young. "Knowledge of the reproductive ecology of the invasive Salix cinerea, in its invaded range, assists in more targeted management strategies." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (2015): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15018.
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Management for invasive species is expensive, costing millions of dollars every year and is sometimes unsuccessful. Current control efforts for the highly invasive willow species, Salix cinerea, are extensive, costly, and not always effective because of rapid post-removal reinfestation. An improved knowledge of the reproductive ecology of this species will help design control strategies that minimise future expansion and make current control efforts more effective. To explicitly examine the reproductive ecology of this species in its invaded range in south-eastern Australia, field observations of population structure and sex ratios, pollination experiments and germination trials were undertaken across the Ovens catchment in Victoria. Pollination-exclusion experiments strongly suggest that Salix cinerea in Australia employs two pollen-dispersal mechanisms, with insects being the dominant vector and wind playing a small but significant role (ambophilous). Seed had high initial germination rates, above 95%, but seed is very short-lived with rapid linear decline in germinability until 8 weeks, after which there was no germination at all. An improved understanding of the limited seed bank of this species and the potential it has for long distance pollination has highlighted that preventing reinfestation after control efforts should be focussed on limiting seed production and dispersal. A greater understanding of a species reproductive ecology, particularly of weed species, in their new environment can assist land managers to more effectively target their efforts for long-term eradication strategies.
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Regis, Manuela Ferreira, Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de Oliveira, Ana Raquel Mendes dos Santos, Ameliane da Conceição Reubens Leonidio, Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz, and Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de Freitas. "Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 4 (December 2016): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3788.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Methods An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio – OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Conclusion Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle.
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Zayed, J., S. Ducic, G. Campanella, J. C. Panisset, P. André, H. Masson, and M. Roy. "Facteurs environnementaux dans l'étiologie de la maladie de Parkinson." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (August 1990): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030584.
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ABSTRACT:We examined the role of the environment in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). A group of 42 parkinsonians have been compared with a group of 84 matched controls. The epidemiological study (1987-1989) covered the territory of the Community Health Department of Valleyfield, in southern Quebec (Canada). Odds ratio adjusted for age and sex were calculated for seven environmental factors. A decreased risk for PD was associated with residence in rural areas (OR: 0.31; p ≤ 0.05) and residence near industry or mining (OR: 0.15; p ≤ 0.05). An increased risk for PD seems to be associated with occupational exposure to the three metals Mn, Fe and Al (OR: 2.28; p = 0.07) especially when the duration of exposure is longer than 30 years (OR: 13.64; p ≤ 0.05). Other environmental factors not found to be associated with PD were: pesticides manipulation, farm work, industrial work and well water consumption.
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Sabirzianova, Liliia, Polina Anipchenko, Anatolii Yashin, Vladimir Ponamarev, Vera Kriukova, Nadezhda Kuznetsova, Alexander Lunegov, Nadezhda Andreeva, Flura Alistratova, and Veronika Guseva. "PSVI-21 Peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats in metropolis environment." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.439.
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Abstract Up to the present days the peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats is studied insufficiently. Available scientific literature is limited, there are only some facts posted on the websites of private veterinary clinics, but it doesn’t play role of clinically proven scientific facts. The aim of the work—to study peculiarities of the bronchial asthma pathological process and clinical signs in metropolis environment. Experimental group included 35 cats, of different breed, sex and age groups, all of them examined with symptoms of bronchial asthma in private veterinary clinic “Sotnikov Veterinary Clinic,” Russie Saint-Petersburg, during period from. Using basis clinical examination methods – anamnesis, thermometry, pulse and breath rate calculation, auscultation and percussion — were stated following principal clinical signs and pathological process peculiarities, expressed in percentage, which we present in our results. Dyspnea was noted in 25.0%, cough – in 84.0%, general condition: without visible changes 84%, the depressed state - 16%. Among the patients, males predominated – 62.1%, females 37.9%. Clinical signs of bronchial asthma within single-breed group of cats did not exceed 6.7%, and 55.0% of animals were mongrel cats. Most of the animals were predisposed to asthma at the age of 1–5 years, which together makes up about 50.0% of the diseased animals. In cats over 10 years of age, no symptoms of asthma have been identified. About seasonal dependence, this pathology was registered in 3/4 cases in winter-spring period, mainly in January and March, which together accounted for 41.4% of the total number of such animals. So, cold season time provoke disease recurrence. In conclusion, it is essential to underline that 80% of examined cats were not vaccinated against infections. The features of the manifestation of bronchial asthma of cats depend on their sex, age, breed and season of the year.
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Coe, Jesse L., Lauren Micalizzi, Brittney Josefson, Stephanie H. Parade, Ronald Seifer, and Audrey R. Tyrka. "Sex differences in associations between early adversity, child temperament, and behavior problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420912012.
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Early adversity is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems among children, and effects of adversity on dimensions of child temperament may underlie these links. However, very little is known about the role of child sex in these processes. The current study examined whether there are indirect effects of early adversity on behavior problems through dimensions of child temperament and whether these indirect effects vary across child sex. Participants in this multimethod (parent-report survey, semistructured interview, child protection records) study included 274 preschool-aged children ( M age = 50.86 months; 52% with documented case of moderate to severe maltreatment) and their primary caregivers assessed at two time points spaced 6 months apart. Results of multigroup path analyses revealed that while anger mediated associations between lifetime stress and behavior problems for the full sample, inhibitory control and appropriate attentional allocation were significant intermediary mechanisms of lifetime stress for boys, but not for girls. Inhibitory control mediated associations between maltreatment and behavior problems for the full sample, but appropriate attentional allocation mediated these associations for boys only. Results suggest that early adversity influences child behavior problems through child temperament, particularly for boys. This work supports the perspective that temperament is influenced by characteristics of the early rearing environment, and the indirect effects of adversity on behavior problems through temperament vary across sex.
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Lennon, Elizabeth M., Jane S. Woodrow, Courtney A. Thomason, Luke B. Borst, Laura E. Edwards, and Adam James Moeser. "Mast Cells Play a Protective Role in Spontaneous Colitis." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 118.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.118.20.
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Abstract Mast cells are modulators of inflammation and are activated during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous work has demonstrated that mast cells are proinflammatory in acute models of chemical colitis. However, the role of mast cells in chronic, spontaneous IBD models remains to be fully defined. We hypothesized that mast cells play a protective role in chronic, spontaneous colitis. We compared colitis and intestinal barrier function in IL10−/− mice to mast cell-deficient, colitis prone mice (double knockout (DKO): IL-10−/− x KitWsh/Wsh). Systemic engraftment of DKO mice with mast cells was performed. Mast cell-deficient DKO mice exhibited more severe colitis compared to mice that lacked IL-10 alone, indicated by increased colitis scores, mucosal hypertrophy, increased intestinal permeability, and spontaneous colonic cytokine production. Reconstitution of DKO mice with mast cells prevented colitis (reduced colitis scores, mucosal hypertrophy, TNF, and intestinal permeability). PCR array analyses demonstrated the influence of mast cells on cytokine expression. Analysis of the microbiota revealed sex-specific differences between IL10 and DKO mice, in particular, the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucus degrader associated with colitis. Derivation of DKO mice into a germ-free environment revealed that the microbiota is required for disease development. RNA-seq on colon samples revealed candidate genes for the protective effects of mast cells. These results demonstrate that mast cell deficiency exacerbates disease in a chronic, spontaneous IBD model, indicating that mast cells may have protective functions in IBD, and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Mbonye, Martin, Godfrey Siu, and Janet Seeley. "The meaning of fatherhood to men in relationships with female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda: The struggle to model the traditional parameters of fatherhood and masculinity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): e0273298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273298.
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Many women who engage in sex work in sub-Saharan Africa become pregnant, often unintentionally. There is limited attention paid to the experiences of fathers of children born to women engaged in sex work. We examine the meaning of fatherhood to these men, the significance of children, and how they navigate the economic and cultural challenges of fatherhood in this context. Analysis is based on ethnographic data from 13 men who identified as intimate long-term partners of female sex workers (FSW) in Kampala City, Uganda. Our findings illustrate how men who have children with FSW struggled to model the traditional parameters of fatherhood and masculinity. We found that men who had children with FSW faced hurdles fitting within the social construction of ideal fatherhood. Accepting fatherhood often started with doubts over the pregnancy because of the multiple partnerships of women. Men who only saw themselves as clients struggled to adjust to being fathers because of their perceptions of the social implications of fathering a child with a FSW. Integration of mothers who were also sex workers into the man’s extended family was a challenge because of the fear of negative reactions from family members. However, when men accepted their roles as fathers, they started seeing value in their children. Due to poverty, most of the men fell short of the societal measures of masculinity, but children transformed their social status before their society and family. The provider role often used to define good fathering was a challenge for men. However, the financial support from FSW partners softened the burden and facilitated the creation of a family environment constructed to the perceived standards of the broader society. Our findings provide insights into the state of parenting among FSW and their partners which can guide interventions that are tailored to their unique circumstances.
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AHMED, May Faisal, and Nafez Mouhamed SHARAWI. "THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN PROMOTING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN LIGHT OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, no. 04 (August 1, 2021): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.4-3.22.
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In this research, it is aimed to study the role of the university managers at two universities in promoting occupational safety and health by revealing whether there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05=*). The researchers have looked at the role of university management in promoting safety and occupational health by looking at the following variables: sex, experience, and employability. The descriptive analytical approach has been used, and the developed questionnaire consists of 40 paragraphs, divided into four areas. The sample study has been randomly selected from the original research community, with the proportion of 14%. The number of administrators and faculty members, who have been asked to fill up the questionnaire, has been 210 persons. The researchers have made sure that data variables are honest and stable. Results have been analyzed by using the SPSS program. The have reached many results and recommendations, and the most important ones are the following two: There must be a policy of awareness and guidance as well as adoption of specialized methods in occupational safety and health matters that promote the promotion of workers in the culture of occupational safety and health in order to take preventive measures, proper work and an appropriate educational environment in the mentioned universities. It is also urgent to form specialized committees in occupational safety and health to work on a clear policy with the preparation of crisis and disaster management plans mediated by a specified and experienced Committee and work on its application in the university institutions, especially nowadays under the Corona pandemic.
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Tolochek, V. "Social Environment Conditions, Resources And Social Success Of Subjects: Open Questions." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021478-1.
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The article is devoted to the study of temporal and spatial characteristics of the conditions of the social environment as potential resources for the social success of subjects. The author's methodology was used (questionnaire “Dynamics of professional life style”); respondents (482 men and women aged 30–50 years old — civil servants, engineers and heads of departments of industrial enterprises, managers) assessed in points the role of social environment conditions as “professional factors”, the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years; their socio-demographic and service characteristics were recorded. In the course of statistical analysis, the total sample was divided into different groups (men and women, specialists and managers, representatives of various professions, realized and unrealized in the family sphere); the sums of assessments of the environmental conditions of different social spaces were used (“Parental family”, “Relatives”, “Interpersonal relations”, “Own family”, “Work environment”, “Mesoenvironment”) and relative assessments (reflecting the duration of the duties of the head, managerial experience and family life relative to the age of the respondents). We received confirmation of the hypothesis that different positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not equally significant for all people, people of different sex, age, working in different fields of activity, having different social experience; in case of joint and/or long-term impact, the positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not summed up and do not give a stronger effect than with their separate, selective and/or short-term effects.
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Simpson, Steve, Bruce V. Taylor, and Ingrid van der Mei. "The role of epidemiology in MS research: Past successes, current challenges and future potential." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 8 (March 12, 2015): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515574896.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted condition, with a range of environmental, behavioural and genetic factors implicated in its aetiology and clinical course. Successes in advancing our appreciation of the roles of Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D/UV and the HLA-DRB1 locus; and our greater understanding of these and related factors’ modes of action in MS and other conditions, can be attributed in no small part to the work of generations of epidemiologists. Hardly content to rest on our laurels, however, there are yet a range of unsolved conundrums in MS, including some changes in epidemiological characteristics (e.g. increasing incidence and sex ratio), to say nothing of the unresolved parts regarding what underlies MS risk and its clinical course. There is evidence that epidemiology will continue to play a crucial role in unravelling the architecture of MS causation and clinical course. While classic epidemiological methods are ongoing, novel avenues for research include gene-environment interaction studies, the world of ‘-omic’ research, and the utilisation of mobile and social media tools to both access and track study populations, which means that the epidemiological discoveries of the past century may be but a glimpse of our understanding in the next few decades.
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Fauziah, Fida Nur, Sakir Sakir, and Salis Irvan Fuadi. "The Role of IPNU IPPNU in Implementing Adolescent Moral Behavior in Bansari Village Temanggung." Al Hikmah: Journal of Education 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2022): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54168/ahje.v3i2.64.
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The social situation of the community lately is increasingly worrying, various kinds of events in the social environment are increasingly troubling. The decline in moralvalues and lack of solidarity has occured in the lives around us. A lot of juvenile delinquency is happening everywhere, drus use is rampant, free sex is starting to become a lifestyle, watching porn videos among teenagesr is common, brawls are normal, not being wise in social media such as spreading hoaxes, hate speech, slander more intense and so on. Therefore, this research aims to 1. find out how to inculcate morality in youth through IPNU IPPNU activities in Bansari Village, Temanggung 2. to find out how the results of the implementation of IPNU IPPNU activities in inculcating morality in youth in Bansari Village, Temanggung 3. This thesis uses the type of field research or field research with a qualitative approach. The research subjects are daily administrators, members, adolescent and community leaders. To obtain the necessary data, the authors use the techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that IPNU IPPNU carried out various activities in an effort to instill morality, namely by carrying out work programs, in activities carried out by IPNU IPPNU teenagers would be equipped with knowledge and insight about knowledge, not only in terms of organization but also knowledge about socializing well which can be applied directly. The results of the implementation of IPNU IPPNU activities in the cultivation of adolescent morality are categorized as good, it can be seen from the awareness of teenagers to learn religious knowledge, behavior becomes better. The supporting factors in inculcating morality through IPNU IPPNU activities are self-motivation, parental support, a qualified environment, and the approach of the IPNU IPPNU management and the inhibiting factors are the individual himself, funds and parental permission.
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Paoline, Eugene A., and Jacinta M. Gau. "An Empirical Assessment of the Sources of Police Job Satisfaction." Police Quarterly 23, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611119875117.
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Dissatisfied workers are at risk for negative occupational behaviors such as job turnover, poor performance, work avoidance, decreased morale among coworkers, and physical or legal liability. Relying heavily on demographic (e.g., sex, race, education) and occupational (e.g., rank, experience, assignment) explanatory factors, early empirical studies failed to effectively model the statistical correlates of police officer job satisfaction. Recent inquiries have found more success in explaining the variation in job satisfaction by examining a variety of work-related attitudes. The current study adds to this burgeoning area of research by assessing the role of internal and external dimensions of the work environment, as well as views of fairness and effectiveness, on the job satisfaction of police officers. Based on survey data from a midsized municipal police department in Florida, the multivariate analysis reveals a number of successful predictors of job satisfaction, especially for those officers with a street-level assignment. A second analysis, based on qualitative coding of open-ended survey questions, finds differences in positive and negative features of the occupation across varying levels of satisfied and dissatisfied respondents. Implications of these findings for police practitioners and researchers are discussed.
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Guttman, Ruth, Michael Nathan, and Amir Esrachi. "Restrictiveness-Permissiveness of Their Environment as Perceived by Kibbutz Twins and Singletons." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 36, no. 2 (April 1987): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004396.
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AbstractThis research compares similarities and differences between kibbutz twins and singletons on individual perceptions of extent of restriction imposed by their fathers and mothers, teachers, caretakers and peers with regard to the children's choices, plans, and actual activities. During the past two years, the parents of all kibbutz twins in Israel of age 1 to 18 have been contacted. They provided background information about themselves and their twin children. In each kibbutz, two control singletons were selected of the same sex and age for each twin pair, yielding a “quartet”. With the aid of a mapping sentence, questionnaires were constructed to help ascertain the child's role in life areas such as family, friendship, school, hobbies, work, amusement. Questionnaires with the same facet design are being administered to children (twin and singleton), mothers, fathers, teachers, and caretakers. In addition, each child is given a battery of tests — including the verbal WISC, Block Design, Raven Matrices, and Reading Comprehension. The children will be interviewed and tested in three successive years, beginning either in grade 4 or 5. Data will thus be obtained on changes in perception of permissiveness-restrictiveness and their relation to performance at ages 9 to 13. To date 9-year-olds in 14 kibbutzim have been interviewed. Analyses of responses to four questions are presented in this paper. The preliminary analyses indicate that twins and singletons have similar means and distributions with regard to the extent to which the children feel they are told what to do by either parent.
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Dacka, Monika. "Child sexual abuse ‒ issues and prevention." Educational Psychology 65, no. 23 (March 31, 2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9114.
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Child sexual abuse is considered a social problem because of its high prevalence and its negative long-term consequences on child development and functioning (Séguin-Lemire et al., 2017). It is difficult to estimate the scale of this phenomenon due to the failure of victims to report situations of abuse. The severity of sexual abuse is determined by many factors, including technological advances that facilitate access to developmentally inappropriate content, lack of parental attention, environmental support or sex education (Handayani, Rasmita, 2020). Children who experience abuse may struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (Berliner, 2011), depression (Greger et al., 2015), and anxiety (Doerfler et al., 2009). Failure to therapeutically work through traumatic experiences of abuse can lead to emotional, or personality disorders in adulthood (Kiemblowski, 2002; Salter, 2003). Children living around the world are unable to understand sexual abuse, being let alone give informed consent to it. The role of early prevention measures to protect the youngest from sexual abuse is increasingly emphasised (Wurtele, 2009; Zeuthen & Hagelskjaer, 2013). Review studies indicate the importance of prevention in increasing children’s self-defence knowledge and skills (Topping, Barron, 2009; Walsh et al., 2015). Numerous studies conducted so far indicate the significant role of the close environment in conducting effective prevention of sexual harassment of the youngest (Farmer et al, 2011; Pieper, DeHann, 2017; Reppucci et al, 1994). The aim of this article is to present the issue of child sexual abuse and show the importance of selected preventive actions taken by the family and non-family environment (Wortley, Smallbone, 2006). Involvement of the close environment, according to the assumptions of Bronfenbrenner’s model (1977), may contribute to effective protection of the youngest on many interacting levels. According to Bandura’s (2002) theory, children learn by observing and imitating the behaviour of real life characters. It is therefore important to answer the question: how can children’s close environments work together to effectively protect them from sexual abuse?
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Sapkota, Abja, Arun Sedhain, Rashmi Gachhadar, and Gandhi Raj Bhattarai. "FAMILY, SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF NEPAL." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.348.
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Background: One of the important factors that could affect better health care delivery during COVID-19 pandemic remains the better working environment for healthcare professionals. Support provided by the family, society and workplace would play an important role to boost their work performance. This study aimed to assess the perception of family, social and organizational support among the frontline healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in selected districts of Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 325 healthcare professionals working in different hospitals of Bagmati province of Nepal. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire via Google form. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Adequate support was perceived by 50.5% of the respondents and the mean overall perceived support score was 98.83±11.2. The highest perceived score (37.25±4.37) was on family support domain followed by social support (33.55±4.08) and the organizational support (28.01±5.7). Factors like advanced age, higher education level, male sex, and working in the government hospitals showed significant association with perceived family and social support. Type of the institutions and tenure status were main predictors for the perception of adequate organizational support. Conclusions: For their inspiration to work, adequate support to healthcare professionals not only from family but also from the society and organizational level would be quite important. Apart from some non-modifiable factors, other factors like adequate and timely provision of monthly salary, guaranteed medical treatment if they fall sick have been found to play important role to keep the them motivated to their work.
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Brand, Caroline, Cézane Priscila Reuter, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Jorge Mota, Michael Duncan, Anelise Reis Gaya, Luiza Naujorks Reis, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, and Emilio Villa-González. "Like Mother, like Son: Physical Activity, Commuting, and Associated Demographic Factors." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145631.
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A mother’s healthy conduct may lead to the healthy conduct of their children. Thus, this study aimed to verify the role of demographic factors in the relationship between mothers’ physical activity (PA) and commuting to work with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. This cross-sectional study comprised 1421 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years and 1421 mothers, from Brazil. PA, commuting, socioeconomic status (SES), skin color/ethnicity, and living area were evaluated by questionnaire. Logistic binary regression models were used. Results indicated that mothers’ PA and commuting were associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school in crude and adjusted models. Considering the role of the demographic factors, an association was only observed for girls in the relationship between mother’s PA with children’s PA. In adolescents, an association was observed in both high/low SES, boys/girls, and rural/urban areas. Regarding children and adolescent active commuting to school, there was an association with mothers commuting. All demographic factors were strongly associated, except for rural areas. Therefore, mothers’ PA as well as commuting to work are associated with children and adolescent’s PA and commuting to school. Sex, living area, and SES are the related demographic factors.
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Behbahaninia, Hirbod, Kevin J. McGraw, Michael W. Butler, and Matthew B. Toomey. "Food color preferences against a dark, textured background vary in relation to sex and age in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)." Behaviour 149, no. 1 (2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853912x626141.
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AbstractMany animals consume colorful foods, because bright coloration either enhances conspicuousness of food items or signals nutritional rewards. A comparatively under-studied aspect of food color preferences is the role of the background environment in shaping food detectability and choices. Previous work with house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus), for example, showed that individuals preferred red and green food items and avoided yellow ones. However, this study of desert, ground-feeding birds was done with seeds presented against an artificial white background that is unlikely to reflect natural conditions. Therefore, we performed a similar experiment, but quantified selection of colorful foods using a different visual environment that better mimicked natural conditions. We mixed dark, inedible distractor pellets (i.e., analogous to natural desert sand and rocks) with sunflower kernels that were colored red, green, yellow, or orange to test for differences in foraging patterns by sex, age, and expression of male plumage coloration in non-molting house finches. This food presentation resulted in yellow seeds having a significantly greater chromatic, but not achromatic, contrast with the background than red or green seeds. Under these conditions, all birds consumed yellow, and to a lesser extent red, seeds most often, and both adult males and females had a strong preference for yellow kernels; adult males also tended to prefer green kernels, but females tended not to prefer green kernels. Juveniles showed no significant preferences for any seed color, and adult male plumage coloration was not related to seed color preference. Therefore, in contrast to studies using different foraging environments, house finches tended to prefer yellow seeds, supporting models that suggest that visual background and contrast may be more important than color per se in visually mediated foraging decisions of birds. Moreover, the fact that adult males and females differed in food color preference has not been reported previously in songbirds.
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Hansen, C. D. "Comparing fatal occupational accidents in Denmark and Sweden 1993–2012." Occupational Medicine 69, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqz064.
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Abstract Background Denmark and Sweden are in many respects two very similar countries with similar welfare state systems and work environment authorities. Nevertheless, marked differences in the incidence of fatal occupational accidents have been found in earlier comparisons of the two countries. Aims To investigate differences in the incidence of fatal occupational accidents in the period from 1993 to 2012 to establish to what extent characteristics of the deceased can explain some of the difference between the two countries. Methods Analyses of the accident registers of the two countries’ national work environment authorities with supplemental linkages to official registers on employment status are used to determine the incidence of fatal occupational accidents for different groups. The analysis is based on 2375 accidents (1068 in Denmark and 1307 in Sweden) over the period of 20 years. Poisson regression is used to derive incidence rates over time for specific groups. Results In the study period, the incidence of fatal occupational accidents decreased in both countries (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.95), although the incidence was on average higher in Denmark (IRR: 1.20) and grew larger over time. This difference did not disappear after adjusting for age, sex and industry among the deceased (IRR: 1.12). Conclusions The incidence of fatal occupational accidents was slightly higher in Denmark in the entire period. The difference could not be explained completely by sociodemographic differences or differences related to the labour market structure in the two countries, i.e. other factors (e.g. cultural) may play a role in producing the difference.
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Siddiqui, Noreen, Maria GM Pinho, Femke Rutters, Joline WJ Beulens, and Joreintje Mackenbach. "The Interaction between the Community Food Environment and Cooking Skills in Relation to Diet-Related Outcomes." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.069.
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Abstract Objectives Evidence shows that diet-related outcomes are influenced by the food environment. However, individuals with better cooking skills may be less dependent on what is available in their food environment. We examined whether the relation between the food environment around home and work and frequency of home cooking, diet quality and body mass index were modified by the level of cooking skills among Dutch adults. Methods Our study included 1782 Dutch adults aged 18–65 years, who participated in a cross-sectional survey. We measured the number of food retailers in a 1000m buffer around home and work and distinguished between counts of restaurants and food stores. These counts were summed and divided into quartiles. Participants reported their frequency of home cooking per week (≤ 5 days and 6–7 days) and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, assessing adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet score (0–150 points). Body mass index, based on reported length and weight, was categorized into < 25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2. Cooking skills score (1–5) was assessed using a validated questionnaire and added as interaction term to the linear and logistic regression models. We adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, education, income, household size, and urbanization. Results No significant effect modification was found between the food environment and cooking skills in relation to any of the outcomes (P-interaction >0.1). After adjustment for confounders, neither the count of restaurants or food stores was consistently associated with the frequency of home cooking. In adjusted models, participants having the most food stores around their home and work (>27 stores per 1000 square meter, quartile 4) had a 3.29 higher diet score (95%CI:0.20–6.39), compared to those in quartile 1. Furthermore, participants having the most food stores (>27/1000 square meter, quartile 4) and restaurants (>125/1000 square meter, quartile 4) had lower odds of being overweight, compared with those in quartile one: OR = 0.53 (95%CI:0.36–0.80) and OR = 0.63 (95%CI:0.42–0.94). Conclusions Being exposed to many supermarkets and restaurants was associated with a better diet score and lower odds of being overweight, but not modified by the level of cooking skills. Funding Sources The Eet & Leef study was funded by an NWO VENI grant on “Making the healthy choice easier–role of the local food environment”.
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Bono, Roberto, Giulia Squillacioti, Federica Ghelli, Marco Panizzolo, Rosanna Irene Comoretto, Paola Dalmasso, and Valeria Bellisario. "Oxidative Stress Trajectories during Lifespan: The Possible Mediation Role of Hormones in Redox Imbalance and Aging." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031814.
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Aging, a natural multifactorial process, increases Oxidative Stress (OS) and inflammatory responses. Sexual hormones could upregulate OS during lifespan, with opposite systemic effects: anti-oxidant protection and cellular pro-oxidant toxicity. Hormonal changes are crucial phases in human growth and aging, but their mediating role on OS is still incomplete. The main purpose of this work was to analyze the trend of OS during the lifespan and, in particular, during puberty and menopause. Data from standardized questionnaires and biological OS measurements (15-F2t-Isop) of 815 subjects (7–60 years old) from five previous studies (2009–2015) were analyzed. The age variable was categorized into two hormonal age windows: puberty and menopause. A regression model was performed to assess the association between 15-F2t-Isop and the hormonal age window, sex, weight, and smoking habits. The results showed a significant V-shape decrease of OS levels both during puberty [OR = −0.06 95% CI −0.07–−0.04, p = 0.41] and in menopause [OR = −1.01 95% CI −1.5–−0.5, p < 0.001], but only in females. Our results support the view that hormones, and specifically estrogen, could modulate OS, especially during puberty and menopause. The V-shape decreasing trend of OS may be related to intrinsic characteristics of estrogen, which is able to modulate and upregulate OS pro- and anti-oxidant mechanisms.
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Convertino, Laura, Daniel Bush, Fanfan Zheng, Rick Adams, and Neil Burgess. "Impaired Grid-Like Representations at Theta Frequency in Schizophrenia." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.185.
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AimsSchizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder characterised by distortion of thoughts and perception. Several studies have shown a key role of the hippocampal formation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Patients show impaired theta coherence between medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and impairment of knowledge structuring and inferential processes. Both the hippocampal formation and mPFC contain hexadirectional modulation of activity, indicative of grid cell populations. Grid cells play an important role in mapping the environment and are believed to represent the transition structure between task states. With other cell populations in the hippocampal formation, they play a fundamental role in inference, episodic memory, and spatial navigation. Here, we investigate whether schizophrenia is associated with disrupted grid firing patterns.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we asked 18 participants with diagnoses of schizophrenia and 26 controls (matched for age, sex and IQ) to perform a spatial memory task in magnetoencephalography (MEG), while navigating a virtual reality environment. We first analysed theta (4–10 Hz) power during movement onset compared to stationary periods. We then source-localised the signal and looked for the hexadirectional modulation of theta band oscillatory activity by heading direction during movement onset. We also controlled for other symmetries in theta frequencies (four, five, and eight fold) and hexadirectional modulation in other frequencies. The same participants performed an inference task outside MEG, which we used for correlation analysis.ResultsThe peak of theta power during movement onset was stronger in controls compared to patients (p < 0.05). In the control group, we found hexadirectional modulation of theta power by movement direction in the right entorhinal cortex (p < 0.005). This effect was absent in patients with a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that their entorhinal grid firing patterns may be disrupted. No other symmetry modulated theta power significantly in controls or patients, and hexadirectional modulation during movement onset was found only in theta frequencies in controls. Performance in the inference task was significantly impaired in schizophrenic patients, and spatial memory performance in both controls and patients was positively correlated with their performance in the inference task.ConclusionThese results are consistent with the hypothesis that impairments in knowledge structuring and inference associated with schizophrenia may arise from disrupted grid firing patterns in entorhinal cortex. Although further work is needed to better understand the role of grid cells in health and disease, this work provides new insights into dysfunction of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia.
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Eugénio, Teresa, Sónia Gomes, Manuel Castelo Branco, and Ana Isabel Morais. "Non-Financial Reporting and Assurance: A New Opportunity for Auditors? Evidence from Portugal." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013469.
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Research on auditing professionals’ perceptions of non-financial reporting and its assurance is relatively scarce, and the majority of the existing studies pay little attention to the assurance aspect. Our study contributes to strengthening this type of research by investigating Portuguese audit professionals’ perceptions of non-financial reporting and its assurance. The purpose of the current paper is to identify the perceptions of Portuguese audit professionals about non-financial reporting, particularly the responsibility for its preparation, its mandatory or voluntary natures, and how to improve non-financial reporting and its assurance. We also analyze whether these perceptions are associated with sex and work experience. The perceptions of statutory auditors were surveyed by using a questionnaire. Results allow us to conclude that Portuguese statutory auditors agree that non-financial reporting assurance is an important practice, and that company management should be responsible for the preparation and publication of non-financial reports. They consider that assurance of these reports should be conducted by a statutory auditor and think that the Institute of Portuguese Statutory Auditors should have a more active role in this matter. Notwithstanding, very few of the respondents have experience with this type of assurance, which may explain their acknowledgment of the importance of additional training. Work experience and sex do not influence the perceptions of the auditors. Findings suggest the existence of a positive attitude towards non-financial reporting and its assurance associated with the acknowledgement of its underdevelopment in Portugal. As far as we are aware, our study is the first to focus exclusively on Portuguese auditing professionals’ perceptions concerning non-financial reporting and assurance.
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Crescio, Maria Ines, Giuseppe Ru, Luca Aresu, Elena Bozzetta, Maria Giovanna Cancedda, Katia Capello, Massimo Castagnaro, et al. "The Italian Network of Laboratories for Veterinary Oncology (NILOV) 2.0: Improving Knowledge on Canine Tumours." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080394.
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Advances in tumour research are crucial, and comparative oncology can improve the knowledge in several ways. Dogs are not only models of specific naturally occurring tumours but can also be sentinels of environmental exposures to carcinogens, as they share the same environment with their owners. The purpose of this work was to describe the data collected by The Italian Network of Laboratories for Veterinary Oncology in the first 9 years of activity (2013–2021) and to evaluate their potential epidemiological significance. Frequencies of tumour topographies and main morphologies in dogs were described, analysed and compared, calculating age-adjusted proportional morbidity ratios and considering several risk factors (breed, sex, period and region of residence). These observations allowed us to highlight differences not only in morphology and topography of some tumours but also to formulate hypotheses on the potential role of some risk factors, e.g., neutering/spaying or geographical location. In our opinion, the results of this case series confirm the importance of initiating and consolidating animal cancer registration initiatives that would facilitate the possibility of conducting multicentric collaborative studies to deepen the knowledge of the epidemiology of tumours in dogs from a comparative perspective.
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Pitney, William A., Stephanie M. Mazerolle, and Kelly D. Pagnotta. "Work–Family Conflict Among Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.185.
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Abstract Context: Work–family conflict (WFC) negatively affects a professional's ability to function at work or home. Objective: To examine perceptions of and contributing factors to WFC among secondary school athletic trainers. Design: Sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Setting: Secondary school. Patients or Other Participants: From a random sample of 1325 individuals selected from the National Athletic Trainers' Association Member Services database, 415 individuals (203 women, 212 men; age = 36.8 ± 9.3 years) provided usable online survey data. Fourteen individuals participated in follow-up interviews. Intervention(s): Online WFC questionnaire followed by in-depth phone interviews. Main Outcome Measure(s): Descriptive statistics were obtained to examine perceived WFC. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between work hours, total athletic training staff, and number of children and WFC score. We performed analysis of variance to examine differences between the independent variables of sex and control over work schedule and the dependent variable of WFC score. The a priori α was set at P ≤ .05. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Multiple-analyst triangulation and member checks established trustworthiness of the qualitative data. Results: Mean WFC scores were 23.97 ± 7.78 for scale 1 (family defined as having a partner or spouse with or without children) and 23.17 ± 7.69 for scale 2 (family defined as individuals, including parents, siblings, grandparents, and any other close relatives, involved in one's life), indicating moderate perceived WFC. A significant relationship was found between the average hours of work per week and WFC scores: those with less scheduling control experienced more WFC. Two dimensions emerged from the qualitative methods that relate to how WFC is mitigated in the secondary school environment: (1) organizational—having colleagues and administration that understood the role demands and allowed for modifications in schedule and personal time and (2) personal—taking time for oneself and having a family that understands the work demands of an athletic trainer resulted in reduced perceived WFC. Conclusions: A large number of work hours per week and lack of control over work schedules affected the perceived level of WFC.
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Nikic, Dragana, and Dusica Stojanovic. "Sick building syndrome: A disease of modern age." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, no. 7-8 (2004): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0408240n.
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Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a term used to describe situation in building when more than 30% of occupants suffer from various symptoms which tend to increase by severity during the time people spend in "sick" building and disappear when they leave the building. Typical cases of SBS report vague symptoms, which cannot be objectively measured, and sufferers usually show no clinical signs of illness. Symptom heterogeneity suggests that they do not represent a single disorder. The objective of our study was to establish if SBS is present in our town because new buildings have been built lately producing the artificial environment - exclusively artificial lightning and mechanical ventilation. A total of 812 subjects were included in our study. The investigation of SBS was performed by standardized questionnaires to determine the prevalence of symptoms and complaints. Questionnaires were used to collect data on perception of environment conditions and health during the period they work in this building. The subjects were divided in three groups according to sex, level of education and ownership. Our data suggested that the incidence of symptoms was higher in employers than in owners of the offices. Moreover, the prevalence of SBS was very high - up to 74.76%. It is obvious that certain physical, psychological and organizational factors are involved in the incidence of symptoms, but our investigation suggests that physical factor has a dominant role in development of symptoms, particularly low humidity and low air flow. In addition, our judgment is that SBS exists in our city, probably in the whole country and, therefore, it must be investigated properly.
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Chen, Yi-Fen, Chia-Wen Tsai, and Bo-Ying Chen. "Who Likes to Meet Blind Dating on the Internet?" International Journal of E-Adoption 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijea.2013070101.
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Due to busy modern lifestyles, the emotional distance between people has widened. Some people are unable to broaden their social circles or meet new people of the opposite sex because of their environment or work, so they seek non-traditional methods to meet new people. One of these methods is the use of the Internet. Match making on online dating sites and getting involved in dating service have become quite popular these days. The study is conducted with online questionnaires; out of those distributed, 302 valid samples were returned. The main research method was putting the samples through stepwise linear regression analysis. By focusing on the reasons people participate in blind dating through the Internet, this study examines theories on the relatedness needs, personality characteristics, sensation-seeking motivation, and self-disclosure of those involved; and develop a framework for research to understand what type of people use dating service as a means of meeting others. Results from the study show that interpersonal needs and self-disclosure play a role in why one would want to participate in blind dating. Furthermore, there is a definite connection between the characteristics of one’s personality and the desire to participate in blind dating. The sensation seeking people are therefore more likely than others to participate in blind dating.
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Cocco, Giuseppe, and Philipp Amiet. "Epigenetics and Medicine." OBM Genetics 05, no. 03 (March 23, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.2103133.
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“Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence” (https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/epigenetics.htm). Epigenetic interactions, along with the genetic expression in innate cells, change the structure and function of chromatin, and thus, turn the genes on and off. Epigenetic changes influence disease load and resistance and play an important role in health maintenance and almost all medical disorders, and differs significantly with sex and ethnicity. Epigenetic changes may have either positive or detrimental effects on the immune system. They are long-lasting, increase a host’s susceptibility to infections and medical pathologies, and affect the efficacy of vaccines. Recent studies have indicated that detrimental epigenetic changes can be mended. Safe and effective mechanisms to reverse detrimental epigenetic scars will have broad medical implications, decrease mortality after infections, and protect the elderly against infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. These therapies might be useful for the successful application of vaccines in countries where HIV, parasite infestation, malaria, and other chronic diseases are endemic, and also for a better effect of vaccines in geriatric patients.
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Frame, John. "Exploring the approaches to care of faith-based and secular NGOs in Cambodia that serve victims of trafficking, exploitation, and those involved in sex work." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2017): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2016-0046.
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Purpose Faith-based organisations (FBOs) and secular NGOs provide important services to victims of trafficking, exploitation, and those involved in sex work, yet comparative analysis of their approaches to care has lacked attention in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to examine these two types of organisations, exploring the extent to which faith influences the ways FBOs work with their clients. Design/methodology/approach In total, 41 interviews were conducted with leaders of 13 Christian FBOs and 12 secular NGOs in Cambodia, and organisational mission statements were reviewed. An input-output conceptual model was used as a framework to gather and analyse data. Findings While all FBOs maintained a high regard for their clients’ spiritual needs and operated with a faith-related approach to care, secular NGOs also, at times, included culturally embedded religious elements into their programming. The nature of FBOs’ faith-related programming, however, clearly distinguished these organisations from their secular counterparts. Despite such distinctions, similarities were maintained among both types of organisations in the behavioural or recovery outcomes they sought in their clients. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the study’s focus on organisations that serve a specific clientele in one development context. Research implications include the study pointing to the necessity of acknowledging the development context as critical to the ways in which religion may or may not influence the approaches to care of both FBOs and secular NGOs. The paper also contributes insight into the relationship between the non-resource input of faith, and services provided by FBOs. Practical implications Given that both types of organisations sought change in their clients, practitioners should ensure that their organisational approaches to care are conducive to the outcomes they seek. Though organisational policy may stipulate that clients are free to choose whether or not to participate in faith-related programming, FBOs should always ensure a care environment in which clients feel free not to participate in such programming. Originality/value Though FBOs and secular NGOs sought many similar behavioural or recovery outcomes from their clients, the development context in which these organisations worked – unlike some other contexts – and the role of faith “infusing” FBOs, led to clear, observable differences in their approaches to care. The study highlights the importance of taking into account these factors when seeking to decipher differences that may or may not exist between faith-based and secular non-state social policy actors.