Academic literature on the topic 'Sex role in the work environment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Rothausen, Teresa J. "Management Work—Family Research and Work—Family Fit." Family Business Review 22, no. 3 (June 8, 2009): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486509337409.
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In this article, 25 years of organization science research on work—family is summarized, and its implications for building the human, social, and economic elements of family capital in family business are developed. The impact of work—family conflict; sex and gender roles; role enrichment; work—family benefits, programs, and policies; and work, job, and organization redesign are emphasized. A social systems model of environment—environment fit—work—family fit—is developed. Implications for future research and for investing in family capital are discussed.
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Grittner, Alison, and Kathleen C. Sitter. "The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies." Affilia 35, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
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This article conceptualizes how place-based analysis can generate innovative understandings of sex work and spatial justice, including ways in which stigma, well-being, and marginality are embodied in sex work places. Focusing on three interconnected dimensions of place—geographic location, material environment, and sociopower structures—this article examines the unexplored realm of place and sex work. Beginning with an analysis of existing sex work literature and knowledge relating to dimensions of place, we explicate the role of feminist ideologies, juridical contexts, and the built environment as the conceptual and analytic groundwork for a place-based understanding of sex work. Architectural spatial methods then generate a place-based analysis of two case study exemplars: the Residence in Western Canada and the Strichtplatz in Zurich, Switzerland. We conclude by considering avenues to incorporate place theory into sex work research and the social work discipline, ultimately advocating for research, policy, and practice that concomitantly address sex workers’ social and spatial oppression.
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Wong, William C. W., Phil W. S. Leung, and C. W. Li. "HIV behavioural risks and the role of work environment among Chinese male sex workers in Hong Kong." AIDS Care 24, no. 3 (January 31, 2012): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.608785.
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Frankis, Jamie S., and Paul Flowers. "The role of contact efficacy in evaluating sexual health promotion—evidence-based outreach work within a public sex environment." Sexual Health 3, no. 2 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05032.
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Background: This paper explores the role of contact efficacy in evidence-based health promotion by evaluating a public sex environment (PSE) based sexual health outreach program. The service operated in situ from a dedicated mobile unit to promote sexual health among PSE users. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (response rate 56%) measured socio-demographics, sexual health behaviours and outreach-service use among men sampled within the PSE (n = 216). Results: Most participants were aware of the service and two-thirds had contacted them. Men who had not completed hepatitis A vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02), who had ever received money for sex (OR = 2.07) or who reported a diagnosed mental health disorder(s) (OR = 2.38) were significantly more likely to have contacted the service. Although 89% of service users perceived the intervention positively, only 26% felt it had contributed to sexual behaviour changes. Conclusions: The ‘mobile-unit’ outreach model contacted a large proportion of PSE users, specifically men who had greater health needs. We advocate the adoption of this outreach model over traditional PSE-based outreach approaches. Contact efficacy evaluation is useful to assess ongoing health interventions. However, caution must be exerted when interpreting certain contact efficacy results. Since causality may not always be inferred, triangulation with other evaluative methodologies is recommended.
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Boonen, Annelies, Caroline Boone, Adelin Albert, and Herman Mielants. "Understanding Limitations in At-work Productivity in Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Role of Work-related Contextual Factors." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131287.
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Objective.To explore the effect of health-related and contextual factors on presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Consecutive patients with AS starting their first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and in paid employment were eligible. Patients completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire for AS to assess presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in the previous 7 days. In addition, they answered questions about work characteristics (type, characteristics of workplace, satisfaction of contacts with colleagues, and importance of work in life) and health status [Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), AS Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP)]. Physicians assessed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, presence of articular and extraarticular manifestations, comorbidities, and laboratory indicators of inflammation. Stepwise regression models were computed to determine which work-related and health-related factors contributed to WPAI outcomes.Results.The study included 80 patients. The WPAI presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss scores were 49.1%, 30.2%, and 53.1%, respectively. Presenteeism was associated with higher BASFI, female sex, and poor quality of contact with colleagues. Absenteeism was associated with increasing age, current smoking status, higher ASDAS-CRP, and low importance of work for life. Overall work productivity loss was associated with female sex, higher BASFI, past adaptation of job because of illness, number of working hours, and manual profession.Conclusion.Both health-related and contextual factors contribute to work limitations in patients with AS and suggest additional opportunities for improvement by addressing the working environment.
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Okafor, Uchenna O., Rik Crutzen, Egbe A. Awo, and Bart Van Den Borne. "Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 10 (September 17, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p183.
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A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
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Bruno Riccardi, Sergio Resta, Giacomo Resta, and Caterina Mondovecchio. "Role of sex as evolutionary factor from genotype to phenotype." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 1085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.2.0936.
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We know different forms of reproduction adopted by living beings, from the simple division of the protozoa, to the complex and modalities of the vertebrates that contemplate codified rituals and preliminary preparations before arriving at the mating. In nature there is a wide range of reproductive modalities, which is as numerous as the living species. Every reproductive system has a specific procedure and a sexual dimorphism finalized to favor the coupling and strictly suitable for the ecosystem where the union of the sexes takes place. Such a close relationship between living and environment is a consequence of the evolutionary process in which both share. But the ability to respond to random environmental variations for adapting and evolving with them is an exclusive characteristic of the living, thanks to the reproductive process mediated by sex. So sexual reproduction is the real engine that promotes evolution. The infinitely complex way in which sex acts is a subject that always has attracted biologists, and Darwin, with his work on the evolution of the living, was the first to investigate this phenomenon, inaugurating research, which still today has many obscure points. By this manuscript we are going to try to contribute to the solution of this intriguing mystery.
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Spencer, Dale C., Rosemary Ricciardelli, Dale Ballucci, and Kevin Walby. "Cynicism, dirty work, and policing sex crimes." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2019-0123.
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Purpose Digital evidence is now infused in many (or arguably most) cases of sexual assault, which has refigured investigative tools, policing strategies and sources of cynicism for those working in sex crime units. Although cynicism, both its sources and affects, is widely studied among scholars of work and policing, little is known about how police working in sex crime units experience, mitigate and express cynicism. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in understanding and explore the role of cynicism amongst investigators working in sex crime units. Design/methodology/approach To address this research gap, the authors conducted 70 semi-structured in-depth interviews and two focus groups with members of police services organizations across Canada working in sex crime units. Findings Examining sources of cynicism and emotional experiences, the authors reveal that officers in these units normalize and neutralize organizational and intra-organizational sources of cynicism, and cope with the potentially traumatizing and emotionally draining realities of undertaking this form of “dirty work.” The authors show that officer cynicism extends beyond offenders into organizational and operational aspects of their occupations and their lived experiences outside of work, which has implications for literature on police work, cynicism and digital policing. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature on cyber policing by, first, examining sex crimes unit member’s sources of cynicism in relation to sex crimes and the digital world and, second, by exploring sources of cynicism in police organizations and other branches in the criminal justice system. The authors examine how such cynicism seeps into relationships outside of the occupation. The authors’ contribution is in showing that cynicism related to police dirty work is experienced in relation to “front” and “back” regions (Dick, 2005) but also in multiple organizational and social spheres. The authors contribute to the extant literature on dirty work insofar as it addresses the underexplored dirty work associated with policing cyber environments and the morally tainted elements of such policing tasks.
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Mellor, Andrea, and Cecilia Benoit. "Understanding the Diversity of People in Sex Work: Views from Leaders in Sex Worker Organizations." Social Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030191.
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Criminal laws in Canada and many other countries are currently premised on the assumption of homogeneity, that is, people in sex work are cis women and girls who are being sexually exploited/sex trafficked. This perspective is also shared by antiprostitution groups and many researchers investigating the “prostitution problem”. Perpetuating this position obscures their demographic multiplicity and variety of lived experiences. We interviewed 10 leaders from seven sex worker organizations (SWOs) across Canada who reported a diversity among their clientele that is rarely captured in the extant literature and absent from the current Canadian criminal code. Our findings reveal the important role that SWOs have to play in facilitating access to health and social services and providing spaces where people in sex work can gather in safe and supportive environments, without the fear of stigma, discrimination, or police harassment. We conclude that SWOs can operate as a structural intervention beyond decriminalization that can improve equitable access to health and social services for sex workers Despite SWOs’ efforts, sex workers’ mobilization is still limited by micro-, meso-, and macrolevel stigmatization that prevents and/or discourages some workers from accessing their programs and services.
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Uretsky, Elanah. "‘Sex’ – it’s not only women’s work: a case for refocusing on the functional role that sex plays in work for both women and men." Critical Public Health 25, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2014.883067.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Lasonen, Johanna L. "Finnish comprehensive vocational institute teachers' sex-role attitudes." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162611/.
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Mellow, Muriel 1960. "Defining work : gender, professional work, and the case of rural clergy." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36655.
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The goal of this thesis is to question conventional definitions of work through the detailed study of a professional group---specifically rural clergy---whose work falls outside the parameters of accepted definitions of work. According to the feminist literature, work and non-work are differentiated typically by dichotomies which privilege a masculine model of work and devalue women's experience; thus, "real work" is defined as an activity which is paid rather than unpaid, public rather than private, instrumental and intellectual rather than emotional. Professional work definitions also obscure the way in which "work" relies on activities which are linked with the feminine in these dichotomies. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with rural clergy, I explore the extent to which women and men draw on these gendered dichotomies to define work. In some ways, the approach of clergy counters conventional work norms: for them, emotional labour is a priority, work is not limited to a specific time or place, and public and private lives frequently overlap. I demonstrate how clergy define their work in terms of obligation, context, visibility, and time. Furthermore, I also argue that clergy delineate work in terms which still reflect a masculinized work norm specific to their profession. This "clergy masculinized mode" professionalises emotional labour by separating it from the facilitating work of female volunteers; it assumes a worker free from domestic demands in order to fulfil professional obligations within a flexible time frame; and it overlooks how the overlap of the public and private spheres is sustained by the work of wives. Thus, delineating work is particularly problematic for female clergy because professional demands are confounded with demands for adjunct work typically performed by women. My findings (1) highlight alternative markers of work which are suggestive for feminist theory; (2) point to a gap in theorizing about the gendering of work when con
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Bussart, Anna Lynn Levin Ben. "The making of the documentary Women at work." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9791.
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Becker, Cheryl. "The influence of gender and context on interpersonal judgments in the work setting." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998beckerc.pdf.
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Westmarland, Louise. "Gender and policing sex, power and police culture /." Cullompton : Willan, 2001. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10306157.
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Anderson, Cynthia D. "Occupational resegregation and coaching philosophy in women's basketball : an exploratory study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-170921/.
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Dellinger, Kirsten Anne. "Contextualizing workplace opportunities : a comparative case study of gender and sexuality at a feminist and a men's pornographic magazine /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Binns, Jennifer. "The possibilities of relational leading : rethinking gender, power, reason and ethics in leadership discourse and practice." University of Western Australia. UWA Business School, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0024.
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This dissertation is located within debates around post heroic leadership. It takes as axiomatic the argument that we need to rethink leadership in ways that are not irredeemably bound to ideals of instrumental rationality, hegemonic masculinity and competitive individualism but are, instead, informed by the ‘feminine’ principles of mutuality, care and what Deborah Kerfoot (1999) terms ‘emotional intimacy’. I call this alternative construct ‘relational leading’ in order to underline my position that leading is about connecting (in an authentic, empathic and ethical way) with others and across functions. This alternative understanding of leadership draws on Joyce Fletcher's (1999) model of a relational practice grounded in the ‘disappeared’ feminine. While positing relational leading as a feminist alternative to dominant masculinist conceptions of leadership, this dissertation attempts to avoid reinvoking dualistic representations. It does this by thinking leadership as a practice undertaken by complex, embodied subjects whose capacity to creatively transcend binaries of masculine/feminine, reason/emotion, and power/powerlessness opens up possibilities for, in the words of Amanda Sinclair (1998), ‘doing leadership differently’. There is, however, a cautionary note in the recognition that identities and practices are discursively regulated or culturally patterned, so that men and women who ‘do’ leadership face constant pressures to masculinise or feminise their identities. Such processes perpetuate both gender stereotypes and the privileging of a masculinised notion of leadership that Sinclair (1998) calls the heroic archetype. Nonetheless, the dissertation ends on an optimistic note, proposing reflexive practice as the agent of change and the condition for being/becoming a practitioner of relational leading, against the grain of masculine heroism and rational instrumentalism.
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Kruczek, Theresa A. "The effect of gender stereotyping on the career adjustment of women." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/724569.
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Investigation explored gender role stereotypes and the effect of stereotyping on the career adjustment of women. Occupational gender type ratings obtained from employed women were similar, although less extreme, than those observed in earlier studies (Shinar, 1975; White, Kruczek, Brown, White, 1989). Traditionally employed women provided more extremely stereotyped ratings than did their nontraditionally employed counterparts. All women were administered the Personality Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) to assess the level of instrumental and expressive characteristics representative of their behavior. All women displayed a higher level of instrumental behaviors at work compared to home. Further, all women reported the level of instrumental behaviors they displayed at work surpassed the level that was characteristic of their overall personality orientation. Differences in gender role behaviors between traditionally and nontraditionally employed women were present across conditions: home, work, overall personality orientation. These two, groups differed with regard to the level of gender role behaviors they perceived as necessary for successful job performance. Job satisfaction (as measured by the Job Descriptive Index and Hoppock Satisfaction Questionnaire) was used as an index of career adjustment. Women employed nontraditionally expressed greater levels of dissastisfaction with their work, supervisors, and coworkers.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Kroeger, Trudy J. M. "Proposal to revise training program on harassment awareness at a mid-sized food processing organization." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998kroegert.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Adriane, Roso, Mattos Flora Bojunga, Werba Graziela C, and Strey Marlene Neves, eds. Gênero por escrito: Saúde, identidade e trabalho. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 1999.
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Nummenmaa, Anna Raija. Ammatti, sukupuoli ja työmarkkinat: Ennakkoluulottomat ja tavanomaiset ammattisuunnitelmat. Tampere: Tampereen yliopiston Psykologian laitos, 1985.
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Nummenmaa, Anna Raija. Toisen sukupuolen ammattiin suuntautuminen: Ammatti, sukupuoli ja työmarkkinat tutkimusprojektin loppuraportti. Helsinki: Työvoimaministeriö, Suunnitteluosasto, 1985.
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1957-, Brantsæter Marianne C., and Widerberg Karin 1949-, eds. Sex i arbeid(et) i Norge. Oslo: Tiden norsk forlag, 1992.
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Kovalainen, Anne. Notes on postmodernism, organization theories, and gender. Turku: Turun Kauppakorkeakoulu, 1992.
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Philippines). Women and Gender Institute Miriam College (Quezon City. How do women and men fare in securing well-being and human freedoms?: To produce and to care : a gender assessment of development trends, challenges, and outcomes in the Philippines. Quezon City: Women and Gender Institute (WAGI), 2002.
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Breakwell, Glynis M. Quiet rebel: Women at work in a ma's world. London: Century, 1985.
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Simons, George F. Men and women: Partners at work. Los Altos, Calif: Crisp Publications, 1990.
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Laura, Ricci. 12 views from women's eyes: Managing the new majority. Austin, Tex: R3, 1997.
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Kinnunen, Merja, and Päivi Korvajärvi. Työelämän sukupuolistavat käytännöt. Tampere: Vastapaino, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Burris, Scott, and Guomei Xia. "The “Risk Environment” for Commercial Sex Work in China: Considering the Role of Law and Law Enforcement Practices." In Gender Policy and HIV in China, 179–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9900-7_10.
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Niva, Piret, Maria Paasivaara, and Sami Hyrynsalmi. "Striving for Freedom in a Large-Scale Agile Environment with an Entrepreneurial Mindset of a Product Owner." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 97–114. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33976-9_7.
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AbstractIn a large-scale agile environment, a Product Owner receives requests from many different directions. Freedom to influence the direction of the product and push ideas forward sometimes requires saying “no”. This is a case study that has been made by interviewing several Product Owners or people working in a Product Owner type of role. The case company, which is a large financial organization, encourages Product Owners to take responsibility by valuing an entrepreneurial mindset. This research examines whether it is possible to exercise entrepreneurial freedom in the Product Owner’s work, and how much freedom the Product Owner has in the direction of the product, i.e. whether they have the freedom to say “no”. A total of 18 Product Owners, and those in similar roles, as well as managers from the case company, were interviewed. The findings show that the role of the Product Owner needs to be clarified in order to have more freedom to act. Prioritizing is difficult and saying “no” is more difficult than desired. Product Owners find the urge for an entrepreneurial attitude understandable, however, it does not seem to fit perfectly into the everyday work life of a Product Owner in a large-scale set-up. When the understanding of the role deepens, Product Owners could have greater freedom to make their products successful.
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Rosen, Bernard Carl. "The Sex Role and Female Personality." In Women, Work and Achievement, 82–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20026-9_5.
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Wibberley, Gemma. "Getting the Bodies of the Workers to the Bodies of the Clients: The Role of Rotas in Domiciliary Care." In Body/Sex/Work, 223–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-02191-5_14.
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Rosen, Bernard Carl. "The Social Context of Sex Role Socialisation." In Women, Work and Achievement, 52–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20026-9_4.
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Rich, Phil. "The Role of Case Studies in Work with Sexually Abusive Adolescents." In Sex Offender Treatment, 105–24. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118674352.ch7.
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Guerrini, Federica. "Data-Informed Models for the Coupled Dispersal of Microplastics and Related Pollutants Applied to the Mediterranean Sea." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15374-7_1.
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AbstractMicroplastic pollution is a ubiquitous environmental threat, in particular to the oceans. In the marine environment, microplastics are not just passively transported by sea currents, but often get contaminated with organic pollutants during the journey. The uptake of chemicals onto microplastics can worsen the adverse effects of microplastics to marine organisms; however, investigation on this urgent phenomenon is hampered by the impossibility of monitoring and tracking such small plastic fragments during their motion at sea. This work aims at addressing the need for an effective modelling of the advection–diffusion processes jointly involving microplastics and the pollutants they carry to further our understanding of their spatiotemporal patterns and ecological impacts, focusing on the Mediterranean Sea. Here we present the conceptual design, methodological settings, and modelling results of a novel, data-informed 2D Lagrangian–Eulerian modelling framework that simultaneously describes (i) the Lagrangian dispersal of microplastic on the sea surface, (ii) the Eulerian advection–diffusion of selected organic contaminants, and (iii) the gradient-driven chemical exchanges between microplastic particles and chemical pollutants in the marine environment in a simple, yet comprehensive way. Crucial to the realism of our model is exploiting the wide variety and abundance of data linked with drivers of Mediterranean marine pollution by microplastics and chemicals, ranging from national censuses to satellite data of surface water runoff and GPS ship tracking, other than the use of oceanographic reanalyses to inform microplastics’ motion at sea. The results of our method applied to a multi-year simulation contribute to a first basin-wide assessment of the role of microplastics as a vehicle of other pollutants of concern in the marine environment. The framework proposed here is intended as a flexible tool to help advance knowledge towards a comprehensive description of the multifaceted threat of marine plastic pollution and an informed support to targeted mitigation policies.
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Earnshaw, Sarah. "Solidarity in Sweatshops and Sex Work." In K'Universale - Interdisziplinäre Diskurse zu Fragen der Zeit, 55–76. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461013-005.
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Sarah Earnshaw directs attention toward cultural production to explore the tensions and transformative relations of solidarity through the documentary films Live Nude Girls Unite! (2000) and Made in L.A. (2007). Documents of mobilisation by women worker organisers in sex and garment work, the films mediate the material and social relations of class across multiple lines of oppression and centre workers often left out of frame in mainstream labour discourse. Exploring the documentary form as suturing class struggle while retaining recognition of differentiation, the chapter discusses screening labour before turning to narrative strategies of storytelling and negotiations of public/private, finally considering the role of place in filmic practices as mapping solidarity from below.
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Logie, Carmen H., Ying Wang, Patrick Lalor, Kandasi Levermore, and Davina Williams. "Exploring the Protective Role of Sex Work Social Cohesion in Contexts of Violence and Criminalisation: A Case Study with Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Jamaica." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 79–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_5.
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AbstractBackground: Sex work social cohesion (SWSC) is associated with reduced HIV vulnerabilities, yet little is known of its associations with mental health or violence. This is particularly salient to understand among gender-diverse sex workers who may experience criminalisation of sex work and same-gender sexual practices. This chapter explores SWSC and its associations with mental health and violence among sex workers in Jamaica.Methods: In collaboration with the Sex Work Association of Jamaica (SWAJ) and Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, we implemented a cross-sectional survey with a peer-driven sample of sex workers in Kingston, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects of SWSC on depressive symptoms and violence (from clients, intimate partners, and police), testing the mediating roles of sex work stigma and binge drinking. SWAJ developed an in-depth narrative of the lived experiences of a sex worker germane to understanding SWSC.Results: Participants (N = 340; mean age: 25.77, SD = 5.71) included 36.5% cisgender men, 29.7% transgender women, and 33.8% cisgender women. SEM results revealed that SWSC had significant direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms. Sex work stigma partially mediated the relationship between SWSC and depressive symptoms. The direct path from SWSC to reduced violence was significant; sex work stigma partially mediated this relationship.Implications: Strengths-focused strategies can consider the multidimensional role that social cohesion plays in promoting health and safety among sex workers to further support the ways in which sex workers build community and advocate for rights.
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Donnan, David. "Innovation and the Quest to Feed the World." In The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture, 179–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_7.
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Abstract While global levels of hunger and malnutrition have dropped significantly in the last few decades, there are concerns that agricultural advancements and R&D spending are not enough to unlock the true agricultural innovation needed to feed the burgeoning 10 billion people. Government spending on agricultural R&D has decreased in the last decade and many of the large-scale NGO activities are now focusing on environmental and sustainability issues. With the evolution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, coupled with the growth of agricultural startups and venture funds, the role of agriculture and hunger relief has dramatically changed in the last several decades. A new focus on sustainable growth, capabilities development, and innovative approaches for smallholder farmers has created an environment of continuous innovation that has replaced many of the donation-based hunger relief initiatives of the past. Large corporations are working with local NGOs and support groups to tackle global hunger on a local basis. In the next decade, we should see more socially minded entrepreneurs that will work with NGOs and private businesses to solve the issues of smallholder farming and provide the opportunity to introduce both digital and agricultural innovations at the local level to further the quest to feed the world.
Conference papers on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Berber, Nemanja, Agneš Slavić, and Dimitrije Gašić. "Employees' work-life balance in the contemporary business environment in Serbia." In XIX International May Conference on Strategic Management – IMCSM24 Proceedings. University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imcsm24003b.
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Work plays a very important role in the lives of people, companies, and society, in general. Individuals value work for the income it provides, but also because it contributes to self-esteem and personal happiness that people feel when they put their competencies to work. Work is important from the point of individual well-being, but it also forms the cornerstone of economic and social development. However, as a very common phenomenon, not only in our country, but in other countries, too, is that work can prevail in the workers family and private life. Many employees may feel unable to make an adequate balance between their work and private life. Because of this, frustration often arises among them as they are aware that they do not spend enough time with their family, or are neglecting their personal needs. In the same time, families are facing with reduced functionality and alienation of family members. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the level of work-life balance in Serbia, and its relation to job stress. The methodology of the research consists of theoretical and empirical analysis. Theoretical research is based on a literature review, while the empirical research is based on the answers of 291 employees from different organizations in Serbia. The data were collected in October 2023. The analysis is performed by implementing PLS-SEM to investigate the relations between work-life balance and job stress, and by descriptive statistics to investigate the level of work-life balance in Serbia.
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Jasiak, Aleksandra. "Macroergonomics in the Design of the Quality of Work Environment and of Human Life: Examples of Practical Applications." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100335.
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The purpose of this work is explaining what is the essence of macroergonomics, on basis of the analysis of the world achievements from the scope of disciplines: human factors ergonomics, project studies, science studies, organization theory, psychology and sociology. Moreover, what is the role of macroergonomics in the formation of not only the quality of the technical environment or the work environment, but also the quality of life of individuals, as well as entire populations. Macroergonomics is, according to the classification recognized in world, the third phase of the evolution of ergonomics, which is the most current and modern generation of ergonomics. In other words, macroergonomics is an organization – machine interface technology. Elements of macroergonomics (criteria and determined scientific areas, as well as tendencies that contribute the creation of the essence of macroergonomics) are presented from two sides: the conceptual and methodological side and the side of possibilities for practical implementations (the set of works realized by the author along with works made under her direction). The paper is composed from four integral threads. The first part presents views on the quality of life and the quality of the work environment. The second part is dedicated to the genesis of macroergonomics and to prospects of its development. The third part, in view to its limited volume, illustrates the general image of different possibilities to apply macroergonomics into practice in determined areas of technique and economy. The paper presents an example of a demand of enterprises for ergonomic knowledge in relation to the process of designing the company’s strategy and marketing plan, presented for the case of authorized passenger cars dealer companies. The work ends with a conclusion on the role of macroergonomics in the creation of the man’s quality of life and possibilities of the development of this discipline in the future.
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Cera, Christopher D., Ilya Braude, Immanuel Comer, Taeseong Kim, JungHyun Han, and William C. Regli. "Hierarchical Role-Based Viewing for Secure Collaborative CAD." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48277.
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This paper provides a framework for information assurance within collaborative design based on a technique we call rolebased viewing. Role-based viewing enables role-based access control through geometric partitioning of 3D models. The partitioning is used to create variable level-of-detail (LOD) meshes, across both individual parts and assemblies, to provide a model suitable for access rights for individual actors within a collaborative design environment. We show how this technique can be used to implement a hierarchical set of security access privileges based on the Bellla Padula model. The partitioning is derived from a set of access specifications for an assembly model and its parts. The authors believe that this work is the first of its kind in the field of computer-aided design and collaborative engineering.
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Felea, Cristina, and Liana Stanca. "NON-COGNITIVE SKILLS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED AND EMPLOYERS REQUIRE - THE ROLE OF CONTEXTUAL LEARNING IN A BLENDED ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-021.
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European statistical data (2015) show that the employment rates of graduates aged 20-34 are lowest for those in search of their first job. This may reflect not only issues related to job market fluctuation, but also difficulties in matching educational outcomes and labour market needs, which is an issue known to be a key component of the Europe 2020 strategy. In Romania, the transition to competence-based curricula and an increasing number of university partnerships with companies have contributed to raise student employability. However, there are multiple signals that there seems to be an important skills gap that makes transition to work difficult and costly for both employees and employers. In this respect, the authors’ research on professional and transversal competences within technology-based blended learning environments, personal observation, discussion with students and colleagues from the industries, as well as a growing number of studies on success factors in higher education, career and life during the 21st century, have revealed the need for a complex mindset that includes cognitive and non-cognitive skills. It is also known that, in spite of agreeing on a certain set of core professional and transversal competences, higher education institutions and employer value differently these factors. Increased attention has been paid to modalities to develop social-emotional and affective skills (SEA), which are said to favour academic and career success. The major categories include: approach to learning, intrapersonal skills and social skills. The present study is based on the assumption that contextual learning may be a useful addition to the blended learning environment in place so as to help identifying which SEA skills are more important for career readiness and creating premises for their implementation. For this purpose, we created a non-formal learning context (workshop) bringing together students, teachers and IT professionals with the aim of raising students’ awareness of models of organizational and work culture and practitioners’ view on future employees’ essential competences needed for an efficient and smooth integration on the job market. Then, the impact of the event was surveyed with the help of a questionnaire applied at the end of the event. The results of data analysis are expected to provide suggestions to align and supplement skills needed by graduates with existing curricular provisions. Additionally, it could indicate directions for further exploration of the role and value of non-cognitive skills for all actors involved and blended learning solutions to improve them.
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Mardner, Orlando. "THE ROLE OF SECURITY SCIENCE IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p11.
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Security is without a doubt at the top of the list of disciplines that are struggling to achieve acceptance as a specialty. Despite the important part that private security plays in society, it is unquestionably regarded as a job, unlike other professions. Security science is currently being treated as an emerging profession founded on logic and an applied set of ideas, which have been tested and modified to strengthen security services in the contemporary society. The aim of this crucial research is to assess the importance of security science in the contemporary society, with an emphasis on the ever-changing security issues. To assess the historical context, evolution, and realistic application of security science in a technologically advanced society, a content analysis research design is used. The compilation of opinion pieces, journals, essays, and speeches by reputable private security bodies and staff serve as the study's foundation. Preliminary literature reviewed reveals that security science directs, informs, and quantifies the security mitigation strategies as it integrates security principles, the built environment, and security management in the contemporary society. Security principles constitute detecting, deterring, and responding to crises and risks while the built environment includes the physical and technical environment in which individuals play, work, and live. Security management, on the other hand, entails policy and procedures, awareness, and administrative roles. As a result, security practitioners and service providers should consider the function of security science in contemporary society and regard it as an evolving discipline and a profession of significance moving forward. Keywords: Security principles, Built environment, and security management.
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Johnson, Michael D., Elif Ozturk, Lauralee Valverde, Bugrahan Yalvac, Prentiss McGary, and Xiaobo Peng. "A Methodology for Examining the Role of Adaptive Expertise on CAD Modeling." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12779.
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Computer-aided design (CAD) tools play a significant role in the modern product commercialization environment. As CAD and general CAx technology advances, it becomes more important to understand how engineers adapt their expertise to new environments and problems. This work examines a methodology consisting of a set of surveys, interviews, and exercises with a small group of practicing engineers to assess adaptive expertise (AE) and relate this AE to CAD modeling performance and procedures. Results detail AE survey results, a modeling and alteration exercise, and an exercise where engineers are asked to model a component using a CAD platform they are unfamiliar with. Interview and time use (from screen capture videos) results from this exercise are presented along with other data. Correlations among AE survey and interview variables and model analysis variables are presented. The epistemology dimension of the AE survey was found to be negatively correlated with both original modeling and alteration time. Overall modeling time in the different platform was positively correlated with the percentage of time a participant spent engaging in trial and error; modeling time in the different platform was negatively correlated with percentage of time spent doing actual modeling and the time spent thinking.
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Hand, Brian, Jee Suh, and Gavin Fulmer. "UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSITION TO KNOWLEDGE GENERATION ENVIRONMENTS: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF EPISTEMIC ORIENTATION AND TOOL USE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end015.
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"Current reforms in education have emphasized shifting learning environments from a traditional replicative framework to be much more aligned to knowledge generation environments. These environments are focused on promoting student engagement with the epistemic practices of the discipline, which are the argumentative practices used to generate disciplinary knowledge. Helping teachers to shift from their more traditional pedagogical approaches requires professional development programs that enable them to not only experience learning within a generative environment but to also engage with the theoretical underpinning of such environments. To better understand the complexity involved in helping promote teacher change, the researchers implemented a professional development program that focused on asking teachers to examine their orientation to learning and how this influenced their pedagogical approaches. The knowledge generation approach, Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach, was the focus of the professional development as the work was centered on improving science teaching and learning. The professional development program focused on examining cognitive learning theory, the use of epistemic tools of argument, language and dialogue, the development of pedagogical approaches and development of teaching units that aligned with school curricula. The K-5 teachers were drawn from two states and were involved in 10 days of professional development – 6 during the summer and 4 during the academic year. To study teacher transition to these environments the researchers developed three new survey instruments focus on epistemic tools that are utilized in these environments: argument, dialogue and language. The teachers also completed an epistemic orientation for generative environments survey. Teachers completed these survey instruments every six months across the three years of the project. This presentation focuses on the first year of participation in the project as this represents the critical transition time for teachers in moving to implement the SWH approach within their classrooms. Using Latent Transition Analysis the 95 participating teachers were classified into three initial profiles. During the first six months there were transitions from both low to medium, and medium to high implementation. However, the reasons for the transitions were different. Low to medium transition was around improvements in orientation and dialogue, while for medium to high the transition was around understanding argument. The transitions during the second six months shifted to be centered much more on orientation, than epistemic tools. Once teachers transition to a new profile, they remain at that level or potentially move to the highest profile."
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uz Zaman, Uzair Khaleeq, and Aamer Ahmed Baqai. "Mixed Model Assembly Line Sequencing by Minimizing Utility Work and Using Genetic Algorithm." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38000.
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Owing to the recent developments in the field of industrial automation, assembly lines have played an integral role in the economic uplift of the industrial units. Mixed Model Assembly Lines are the answer to a variety of scenarios which involve customized production following a particular ‘product mix’, i.e., several models of a product are jointly processed on a line, in an increased quantity, quality and productive environment. Hence, to determine the optimal operating schedule/sequence of the operations along with other impacting factors such as total utility work, setup cost, part consumption rates, etc., still remains a widely researched topic today. Moreover, sequencing problems are termed as NP-hard and a variety of sequencing heuristics have been applied in literature to solve them. The heuristic, Genetic Algorithm, was formulated based on binary encoding/decoding, two point cross over and uniform mutation, and applied in this paper to optimize two objectives; one, to minimize total utility work and two, to generate sequence of the models as per the first goal. A methodology was hence, developed to test and analyze the impact of factors such as number of stations, length of stations, conveyor speed, time of operations, number of primary models, and Minimum Part Set on the concerned objectives. An attempt was also made to model the entire process with IDEF0 modeling technique. Industry-oriented problems were then presented to test the algorithm in real world conditions. Finally, the results were critically examined and respective improvement measures were stated.
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Zheliazkova, Irina, and Adriana Borodzhieva. "COLLABORATIVE AUTHORING AND MEASURING THE AUTHOR'S TEAM ASSESSMENT IN AN E-LECTURING ENVIRONMENT - A CASE STUDY." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-114.
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The traditional course materials (lectures, tests, exercises, instructions, and so on) in higher education are often result of the teaching team's work. At this stage of the field of the web-based teaching systems and in comparison with the collaborative learning the literature found mainly in INTERNET (Bauwens & Hourcade, 1997; Flanagan, 2001; Corwin, 2004) is little but with an increasing trend of interest. With this connection the collaborative authoring and measurement of the author's team assessment also presents a research issue from both theoretical and practical points of view. With this aim in parallel of the previous study another natural experiment has been carried out at Ruse University with the same participants. The experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper structured as follows: 1) A detail description of the experiment?s organization, in which the author of the lecture notes in "Intelligent Teaching Systems" was playing the instructor's role, and the participant students ? the author's role; 2) The structure and content of the word document with lecture notes given to the students; 3) Short instructions for their uploading by means of the authoring tool of the e-lecturing subsystem by each student; 4) Raw data including time and collected in an Excel table for this first stage; 5) Raw data including time and collected in an Excel table for the next teams working stage; 6) Proposed analytical model for the author's team assessment and its graphical interpretation; 7) Verification of the model computing the correlation with the six-points scale mark, given by the instructor, and 8) Benefits of embedding the proposed model in the authoring tool for e-lecturing.
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Hansen, Irina-Emily, Ola Jon Mork, and Paul Steffen Kleppe. "Design, testing and operation of fish processing lines - can simulation tools and artificial intelligence be a gamechanger?" In 38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2024-0013.
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The oceans play an important role in the world's food supply, so it is very important that we can develop sustainable, safe, and cost-effective production and processing of fish that also safeguards fish welfare. The aim of this research work is to explore if state of the art simulation tools and artificial intelligence, can improve the design, manufacturing, commissioning, and operation of fish processing. The research work takes a broad perspective and describes overall challenges related to fish processing, where the product – the fish – has numerous species, sizes, shapes, and seasonal variations. Processing of fish can take place on trawlers operating on the sea and on land for example processing of aqua culture salmon from. The owners of fish processing lines, have their unique approach and experience, and every fish processing line will be a one-of-a-kind design. Design, testing and operation of fish processing lines can therefore be time consuming, expensive with use of dead fishes either in a physical set up in a workshop or in worst case happen under fish operation in the Barents Sea. If it is possible to set up a simulation scenario with a set of random fish types and random batches of fish and fish processing line operation in rolling sea environment, this can reveal weaknesses with the fish processing line already in the design stage. The research team has set up three early-stage trials of simulation; first the flow of fish on a transport roller, secondly design and test of a singulation machine – machine organizing fishes in a queue for processing –in simulation environment, thirdly shows how simulation can contribute to a more precise and intelligent processing of the fish. The research work indicates that simulation is a promising tool for solving challenges within fish processing. The research work also suggests the possible benefits of simulation for the fish processing industry.
Reports on the topic "Sex role in the work environment"
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Pererva, Victoria V., Olena O. Lavrentieva, Olena I. Lakomova, Olena S. Zavalniuk, and Stanislav T. Tolmachev. The technique of the use of Virtual Learning Environment in the process of organizing the future teachers' terminological work by specialty. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3868.
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This paper studies the concept related to E-learning and the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and their role in organizing future teachers’ terminological work by specialty. It is shown the creation and use of the VLE is a promising approach in qualitative restructuring of future specialists’ vocation training, a suitable complement rather than a complete replacement of traditional learning. The concept of VLE has been disclosed; its structure has been presented as a set of components, such as: the Data-based component, the Communication-based, the Management-and-Guiding ones, and the virtual environments. Some VLE’s potential contributions to the organization of terminological work of future biology teachers’ throughout a traditional classroom teaching, an independent work, and during the field practices has been considered. The content of professionally oriented e-courses “Botany with Basis of Geobotany” and “Latin. Botany Terminology” has been revealed; the ways of working with online definer (guide), with UkrBIN National Biodiversity Information Network, with mobile apps for determining the plant species, with digital virtual herbarium, with free software have been shown. The content of students’ activity in virtual biological laboratories and during virtual tours into natural environment has been demonstrated. The explanations about the potential of biological societies in social networks in view of students’ terminology work have been given. According to the results of empirical research, the expediency of using VLEs in the study of professional terminology by future biology teachers has been confirmed.
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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.
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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.
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Gonzalez, Logan, Christopher Baker, Stacey Doherty, and Robyn Barbato. Ecological modeling of microbial community composition under variable temperatures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48184.
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Soil microorganisms interact with one another within soil pores and respond to external conditions such as temperature. Data on microbial community composition and potential function are commonly generated in studies of soils. However, these data do not provide direct insight into the drivers of community composition and can be difficult to interpret outside the context of ecological theory. In this study, we explore the effect of abiotic environmental variation on microbial species diversity. Using a modified version of the Lotka-Volterra Competition Model with temperature-dependent growth rates, we show that environmentally relevant temperature variability may expand the set of temperature-tolerance phenotype pairs that can coexist as two-species communities compared to constant temperatures. These results highlight a potential role of temperature variation in influencing microbial diversity. This in turn suggests a need to incorporate temperature into predictive models of microbial communities in soil and other environments. We recommend future work to parameterize the model applied in this study with empirical data from environments of interest, and to validate the model predictions using field observations and experimental manipulations.
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Bogason, Ágúst, Maja Brynteson, and Hilma Salonen. Remote Work in Rural Areas: Possibilities and uncertainties. Nordregio, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:71403-2503.
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This study investigates the role of remote work in enhancing the resilience of rural and remote municipalities in the Nordic countries, highlighting the shift towards hybrid work models. The report presents six case studies, each detailing the context, challenges and opportunities associated with remote work. The study found that many public authorities lack formal remote work policies, relying on pre-existing or pandemic-developed frameworks aimed at work-life balance. The research points to remote work's potential for attracting and retaining residents and skilled workers, crucial for rural development, despite challenges like the need for improved digital infrastructure and the absence of formal policies. Initiatives like co-working spaces and the focus on enhancing regional attractiveness through quality of life and infrastructure investments are seen as key to leveraging remote work for sustainable regional development. However, the study also notes obstacles such as legislative issues and the need for comprehensive strategies to fully realise the benefits of remote work for rural revitalisation. Remote work offers a pathway to sustainable development in Nordic regions by introducing new skills, enhancing business innovation, and improving public services, which helps combat out-migration and boosts quality of life. For maximum impact, investments in digital infrastructure, supportive work environments, and regional attractiveness are crucial, paving the way for a more vibrant and sustainable future.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Snyder, Karen, Pauline Oosterhoff, and Neelam Sharma. Labour Trajectories and Aspirations of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ Workers. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.074.
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This IDS Working Paper explores the labour trajectories and aspirations, and the labour intermediaries of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) workers. Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking as well as labour and sex exploitation. Research included a literature review, interviews with ‘AES’ workers, and observations in areas with reported elevated levels of human trafficking to visualise the economic activities. This Working Paper has a companion paper – Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ – which focuses on the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘AES’ and other employment.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.
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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Melvin, GA, R. Tatnell, E. Clancy, R. Bush, and N. Zanetti. Assessing the availability and efficacy of LGBTQI specific suicide prevention programs. The Sax Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sqfh7638.
Full textAbstract:
This review of the literature on suicide prevention programs targeting people who identify as LGBTQI found scant research in this area. However, the available evidence allows tentative directions to be drawn to guide prevention efforts targeting this group. Studies included in the review looked at legislative initiatives (e.g. same-sex marriage), community programs and therapeutic interventions. Legislation was found to play an important role by promoting equality and prohibiting discrimination and school based programs appear to show promise in reducing suicide among LGBQTI youth. Overall, the review found that more work is needed in developing and evaluating suicide prevention programs for LGBQTI communities.
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.