Academic literature on the topic 'Sex role in mass media Japan'

Japan’s Arctic strategy, particularly its geopolitical and economic aspects, has been thoroughly reviewed by both Russian and foreign experts. However, the structures and mechanisms behind this strategy remain somewhat obscure. This paper is intended to partially fill this gap by resorting to the study of the Japanese Arctic lobby. The authors identify the key interest groups which stand for an active Arctic policy and for cooperation with the Russian Federation in that regard. These include, in particular, the energy sector representatives that sought to take part in the construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants. The decision of the Japanese government to join the Western anti-Russian sanctions disrupted these plans. However, the adoption of S. Abe’s 8-points plan in 2016 opened up new opportunities for the Russia-Japan Arctic cooperation. Yet another two groups of interest are equally interested in strengthening bilateral relations — shipping and ship-building industries. They also suffered from anti-Russian sanctions but now they are actively engaged in the construction of the LNG jetties near Murmansk and in Kamchatka. There is also a growing interest towards the Arctic region within the fishery industry — a very important sector of Japan’s economy. Cooperation with Russia increases Tokyo’s capacity to participate in the creation of international legal regime of fisheries in the Central Arctic ocean. Finally, the authors identify another important element of the Japanese Arctic lobby — regional elites. In that regard, they examine activities of the Hokkaido prefecture to engage in development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper examines the key mechanisms used by the Arctic lobby to influence the authorities, including sectoral, regional and national business associations, research and educational centers and mass media, as well as ‘built-in lobby’ in relevant ministries and agencies responsible for making and implementing Tokyo’s Arctic policies. The authors conclude that, although the Arctic lobby is unable to persuade the Government to remove anti-Russian sanctions altogether, elaboration of a selective strategy of cooperation with the Japanese business community could strengthen bilateral relations and provide new opportunities for exploiting natural resources of the Far North and developing the Russian Arctic.

Background:Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant disease World-wide and most frequently discovered in advanced stages. The incidence of gastric cancer in India is low compared to developed countries. But in India southern and northeast area more number of cases was diagnosed. More cases of cancer stomach are diagnosed in the early stages in Japan due to effective screening programme. Lack of such screening programme, ignorance about the disease and lack of awareness of warning signs of cancer lead to the detection of many cases in the advanced stage of gastric cancer. Where palliation is the mainstay of treatment. We discussed the different methods of palliative surgery and its outcome in this paper. Methods: This is a prospective study over 5 years February 2011 - 2016 January including 6 months follow up. 104 advanced carcinoma stomach patients were included in this study. To evaluate role of palliative surgery in advanced gastric cancer we analyse the data in the basis of presentation of disease, sex distribution, type of palliative surgery, relive of symptoms, preventions of complications, post-operative mortality morbidity, and overall survival.Results:In our study mean age of presentation is 58 years. Most common affected are male. Stage III disease are more common. Immediate post-operative mortality is 4 patients 7.14% comparable to the non-resection group 1 patients (2.63%). Symptoms relived 46 patients in resection group (82.14%), in non-resection group it is 16 (42.1%). Overall survival is (6 moths - 1 years) 19 (33.9%) patients, and in non-resection group it is only 2 (5.26%) patients. Median survival rate is 10 months.Conclusions:Palliative resection should be carried out for betterment of quality of life where it is possible. Relief from symptoms and complications can be achieved by resection of tumour mass in advanced carcinoma stomach.

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Abstract Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a B-cell lymphoma with high proliferating ability, derived from germinal center B-cells (GCB). The MUM-1/IRF4 gene has been identified as a myeloma-associated oncogene which is activated at the transcription level as a result of t(6;14)(p25;q32) chromosomal translocation. In normal lymphohematopoietic tissue, MUM1 protein has an important role in lymphocyte activation and in terminal B cell differentiation, and is expressed in plasma cells and in a small percentage of GCB. It is known that some of BL express MUM1, suggesting late GCB origin, but its characteristics still remain controversial. Patients and methods: A total of 91 patients previously diagnosed as BL were retrospectively analyzed. Two patients were excluded from the study, because translocation or amplificationof BCL-2 was detected by FISH in addition to translocation of MYC. The other 89 cases were confirmed as BL based on morphology, immunophenotype and the result of FISH analysis for translocation of MYC and BCL-2. The expression of MUM-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, to characterize MUM1-positive (MUM1+) BL, we have compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of MUM1+ BL and MUM1-negative (MUM1-) BL. Results: Forty out of the 89 cases showed positivity for MUM1. The clinical characteristics of 40 MUM1+ BL were as follows. There were 20 men and 20 women, with a median age of 28 years, ranging from 3 to 83 years old. Thirty three cases (83%) showed extranodal involvement at presentation. The most frequent sites of extranodal involvement were bone marrow (n=14), lower gastrointestinal tract (n=14), central nervous system (n=5) and peripheral blood (n=5). Eight (20%) of MUM1+ BL patients had a bulky mass, 27 (69%) were categorized as stage III/IV, and 14 (36%) had B symptoms. With regard to laboratory data at presentation, 35 patients (90%) had elevated level of LDH. According to international prognostic index, 27 cases (69%) were identified into high/high-intermediate. Compared with MUM1- BL, patients with MUM1+ BL showed significantly younger onset (p=0.0053) and a higher ratio of females (p=0.007). The MUM1+ BL was also featured by higher percentage of elevated level of LDH, and tended to have anemia (hemoglobin level <10g/dL) (p=0.049 and p=0.074, respectively). We have also highlighted the difference in the involved sites between the two groups. The MUM1+ group showed significantly lower ratio of stomach involvement (p=0.0060), and tended to more frequently involve peripheral blood, breast and kidney (p=0.088, p=0.090 and p=0.090, respectively). Regarding the therapy and prognosis, majority of the cases received intensive, short-duration chemotherapy, which is the standard therapy for BL. Patients with MUM1+ BL showed significantly worse overall survival curve compared with MUM1- BL (p=0.042). Of note, comparing MUM1+ and MUM1- BL cases of adults (age>20 years old), MUM1+ cases showed more significantly worse prognosis (p=0.0096). (Figure 1) Conclusion: MUM1+ BL showed significantly worse prognosis, particularly in adult cases, compared with MUM1- BL. In addition, the difference of the onset age, sex ratio, and involved sites between the two groups was highlighted. Our results demonstrate that MUM1 expression might predict worse prognosis of BL, and MUM1+ BL should be distinguished from MUM1- BL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

This research examines the rise of Islamic populism in Indonesia and understands it as an instrument to clear a new pathway for populism movement into popular culture. Ummi magazine is one of the religious media used to be political vehicles of stablishing constituencies, especially for the Tarbiyah movement in the Soeharto era to the current tendency to popularize the Tarbiyah identity as a new lifestyle. Historically, The Tarbiyah movement in Indonesia is a social and political movement among Indonesian Muslimah students, especially activists in the Suharto period. Muslim middle class entrepreneurs launched a campaign of ‘economic jihad. This research uses a qualitative approach by interpreting and studying the data contained in Ummi Magazine. Media studies were carried out in the January 2017 to 2018 editions. The data obtained were described and associated with the magazine's transformation as an ideological medium and Muslim women's lifestyle today. The result shows that the magazine's transformation from ideology magazine to lifestyle magazine can influence readers because there are more new readers. Whether Ummi as a media for da'wah and a women's magazine, it is still perceived by the readers to apply ideological coercion or simply provide an alternative lifestyle or consumption where religious independence is the main characteristic of the magazine. We argue that Islamic populism is mainly a medium for coercion ideology to gain tracks to power, while the poor remain as ‘floating mass’, and entrapped in many so-called 'empowerment' projects. Populism can be interpreted as a communication style in which a group of politicians considers themselves to represent the people’s interests contrasted with elite interests. Nevertheless, the populism approach is gaining momentum. Abdullah, I. (1996). Tubuh, Kesehatan, dan Struktur yang Melemahkan Wanita. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Bulanan. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM.Al-Abani, S. M. N. (1999). Jilbab Wanita Muslimah. Pustaka At-Tibyan.Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of Modern Debate. Yale University Press.Al-Ghifari, A. (2005). Kerudung Gaul, Berjilbab Tapi Telanjang. Mujahid Press.Armbrust, W. (2000). ‘Introduction’, Mass Mediation: New Approaches to Popular Culture In The Middle East and Beyond. University California Press.Askew, K. (2002). ‘Introduction’, The Anthropology of Media: A Reader.Blackwell.Astuti, S. N. A. . (2005). Membaca Kelompok Berjilbab Sebagai Komunitas Sub Kultur. Universitas Gadjah Mada.BPS. (2017). Statistika Pendapatan. BPS Publication. Banet-Weiser, S. (2006). “I just want to be me again!”: Beauty pageants, reality television and post-feminism. Feminist Theory, 7(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700106064423Banna, H. (2011). Majmu’ah Rasail Al Iman As Syahid (Risalah Pergerakan Ikhawanul Muslimin. Era Intermedia. Barthel, D. (1976) . 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Discourse and Communication Journal, 3(4), 345-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481309343870Gramsci, A. (1992). Selection from The Prison on Notebooks. International Publisher.Gorham, B. W. (2004). The Social Psychology of Stereotypes: Implications for Media Audiences. In Race/Gender/Media: Considering Diversity Across Audiences, Content, and Producers. Pearson.Hall, S. (1997). The Work Of Representation. In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. SAGE Publication.Handayani, D. (2014). Performatifitas Muslimah dalam Majalah Ummi. At-Tabsyir. Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, 2(1), 73-98. http://doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v2i1.461.Hanifah, U. (2011). Konstruksi Ideologi Gender pada Majalah Wanita (Analisis Wacana Kritis Majalah Ummi). KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunkasi, 5(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v5i2.170Imdadun, R. (2005). Arus Baru Iislam Radikal: Transmisi, Revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesiaan. Erlangga.Itzin, C.(1986). Media Images of Women: The Social Construction of Ageism and Sexism. In Feminist Social Psycology: Developing Theory and Practice. Milton Keynes. Open University Press.Kailani, N. (2008). Budaya Populer Islam di Indonesia: Jaringan Dakwah Foru Lingkar Pena. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 2(3). Kellner, D. (1995). Cultural Studies, Identities and Politics Between The Modern and Postmodern. Routledge.Machmudi, Y. (2006). Islamizing Indonesia: The Rise of Jamaah Tarbiyah and The Presperous Justice Party (PKS). PhD Dissertation, Australia National University.Maulidiyah, L. (2014). Wacana Relasi Gender Suami Istri dalam Keluarga Muslim di Majalah Wanita Muslim Indonesia. Universitas Airlangga.Parihatin, A. (2004). Ideologi Revivalisme Islam dalam Majalah Perempuan Islam (Analisis Wacana pada Majalah Ummi). Universitas Indonesia. Qadarawi, Y. (2004). Al Islamu wal Fannu. Islam Bicara Seni. Era Intermedia. Qutb, S. (1980). Ma’alim fi Al Tariq (Petunjuk Jalan-Milestone). Media Dakwah.Rozak, A. (2008). Citra Perempuan dalam Majalah Wanita Islam UMMI. Jurnal Penelitian Agama. VXII(2), 332-354.Storey, J. (2010). Culture and Power in Cultural Studies: The Politics of Signification. Edinburg University Press.Ulfa, N. M. (2016). Dakwah Melalui Media Cetak (Analisis Isi Rubrik Mutiara Islam Majalah Ummi). Islamic Communication Journal, 1(1), 73-89.

The polarization between conservative and progressive media created a middle ground for the print media to maintain sufficient readerships which are decreasing due to the declining Japanese birth rate. But why it relates to ‘security’, what is the reason? This research aims to examine news articles from the Yomiuri Shimbun and Asahi Shimbun mass media in English, namely, The Japan News and The Asahi Shimbun, as a reference medium to understand the framing between conservative and progressive Japanese mass media regarding the issue of prohibiting entry and exit of Japan for the international community during the pandemic. Researchers used qualitative methods, content analysis, with a semiotics approach in which researcher used the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) software to filter out low-frequency nouns with a number> 5 which became the key vocabulary to understand the debate on the prohibition of entry an­d leaving Japan during January- August 2020. No less than 19 news articles were collected from The Japan News and 21 news articles were collected from The Asahi Shimbun by searching for the terms Ban/ Re-entry/ Travel/ Entry. After being filtered, 22 nouns >5 were found which were used by The Japan News and The Asahi Shimbun. In addition, there are 5 nouns found only in one medium with a total of >5. The result shows that The Japan News is a pro-government media that rarely criticizes the government. Criticism will be made if government policies disrupt the economy and are related to the Keidanren (Japan Business Association). On the other hand, The Asahi Shimbun is a counter-government media that criticize the government but has close ties to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. To understand the Japanese mass media information data strategically, both mass media have an important role in the international community.

(1) Background: Improving sexual autonomy among women in sexual unions comes with various benefits, including the reduction of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections. We examined the relationship between mass media exposure and safer sex negotiation among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). (2) Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 29 sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 224,647 women aged 15–49 were included in our analyses. We examined the association between mass media exposure and safer sex negotiation using binary logistic regression analysis. The results are presented using a crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR), with their respective confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. (3) Results: The overall prevalence of safer sex negotiation among women in sexual unions in SSA was 71.6% (71.4–71.8). Women exposed to mass media had higher odds of negotiating for safer sex compared with those who had no exposure (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.86–2.02), and this persisted after controlling for covariates (maternal age, wealth index, maternal educational level, partner’s age, partner’s educational level, sex of household head, religion, place of residence, and marital status) (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.35–1.46). The disaggregated results showed higher odds of safer sex negotiation among women exposed to mass media in all the individual countries, except Ghana, Comoros, Rwanda, and Namibia. (4) Conclusions: The findings could inform policies (e.g., transformative mass media educational seminars) and interventions (e.g., face-to-face counselling; small group sensitization sessions) in SSA on the crucial role of mass media in increasing safer sex practice among women in sexual unions. To accelerate progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal five’s targets on empowering all women and safeguarding their reproductive rights, the study recommends that countries such as Ghana, Comoros, Rwanda, and Namibia need to intensify their efforts (e.g., regular sensitization campaigns) in increasing safer sex negotiation among women to counter power imbalances in sexual behaviour.

The authors set to investigate the influence of the Mass Media on adolescents' knowledge of and behavior towards sex and sexuality, especially, regarding early sex, the use of contraceptives and condoms. The participants were drawn from five secondary schools in Owerri Municipality, the Capital of Imo State, Nigeria. The simple size included 100 respondents made up of males and females between the ages of 10 and 19 years drawn from simple random sampling. Questionnaire containing semi-structured (close-ended) questions. Interview sessions involving media workers form select radio, television and newspaper houses in Owerri were conducted. Three research questions and one hypothesis were used to straighten the study. Results showed the respondents mean age for first sex is 17.8 years. The findings show that the media did not have very significant influence at 0.05 on adolescents' sexual behavior, especially, as regards, having first sex experience. This result is explained by the fact that most the respondents lived in boarding hostels and may not have access to media, while in school. It was recommended the influence of family members, including parents and peer groups should be given priority attention when adolescent sexual behavior is discussed, especially, in Nigeria where extended family members play a vital role in the socialization of the adolescents.

This article examines media representations of same-sex sexuality in Senegal, and analyses how same-sex sexuality has been covered in a selection of Senegalese newspapers since the early 2000s. Drawing on Stuart Hall’s perspective on the role of mass media and ideology and the theory of Critical Discourse Analysis, this article describes how discourses produced by selected Senegalese newspapers generate and circulate ideological meanings. This article intends to underline the ways in which Senegalese media have come to fabricate a certain image of gay and lesbian people, often portrayed as deviant, mad or abnormal.

My purpose in this research is to examine the way in which the two sexes are presented in school textbooks. The incentive for pursuing my research was my own experience of using school textbooks and the observation of everyday reality. Until the present time research in Greece regarding the image of the two sexes has been limited to the primary school reading-scheme books. With this study I intend to give a detailed picture of the beliefs about sex roles as these are presented through the whole range of school textbooks. My ambition is that my work - in combination with other similar studies - will help instructors to comprehend and point out the traditional standard beliefs about the two sexes depicted in the textbooks which are used on a daily basis in schools in Greece. This research could sensitise instructors and simultaneously help them to be aware of and recognise the stereotype beliefs in the books they use. In this way they will be able, with the appropriate interventions and discussions, to consider their validity in relation to the children they teach. The present study is presented in 14 chapters. It is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the wide theoretical-work related to socialisation and the sex roles (Chapters 1-2). The third chapter discusses the agents of sex role socialisation (the family, peer groups, media, school). The fourth chapter studies the woman's professional role. Chapter 5 includes a brief description of the Greek educational system and an examination of a girl's place within it. The sixth deals with books as a factor in the configuration of the sex role. Chapter 7 includes a review of the related studies. The second part of the thesis includes the main body of the study, the methodology (chapter 8), the analysis of the results (chapters 9-13) and finally the conclusions and suggestions (chapter 14). Chapters 9-13 have their own separate bibliographies to facilitate reference for readers interested in one particular curriculum area.

This study investigated the relationships between young women's attitudes and exposure to violence, objectification of women, and sex-role stereotypes. The research analyzed whether or not viewing sexual content or violence in music videos affected young women's current moods or changed attitudes about sexual beliefs. Music videos were selected from cable television networks and music Web sites. Sixty-six undergraduate women at a Midwest university were exposed to six music videos with violent, sexual, or neutral content. Pretests and post-tests were used to assess any change of mood or attitude after viewing music videos. Results showed no significant change in sexual beliefs for any of the three groups. The group viewing neutral videos demonstrated a significant change in mood prior to viewing the music videos between the groups. The data suggested the method of selection of participants, use of pretests and post-tests, effects of music, and desensitization to violence and sexual content may have played a role in the outcomes of the study.
Department of Journalism

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Journalism, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0015. Adviser: S. Holly Stocking. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Dec. 12, 2006)."