Academic literature on the topic 'Sex role – economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Lukic, Vesna. "Socio-economic aspects of commuting." Sociologija 55, no. 2 (2013): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1302283l.
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This paper contemplates on relevant socio-economic factors which have influence on variability of the scope and directions of commuting flows, with special emphasis on situation in Serbia. Due to the need for balance between work and family life, this specific form of population?s mobility often represents alternative for migration. It also has numerous implications on both commuters and their households, places of residence and work and society in general. Effects of sex, marital status, education, occupation, size and structure of a household, as well as local community onto participation in commuting and time/distance of traveling to work have been discussed. The results revealed that, apart from economic factors, non-economic ones also have important role in commuting.
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Frazão, Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz, Jéssica Dantas de Sá, Ana Beatriz de Almeida Medeiros, Maria Isabel da Conceição Dias Fernandes, Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira, and Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes. "The adaptation problems of patients undergoing hemodialysis: socio-economic and clinical aspects." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 6 (December 2014): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3525.2504.
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OBJECTIVES: to identify adaptation problems under Roy's Model in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to correlate them with the socioeconomic and clinical aspects.METHOD: a transversal study, undertaken using a questionnaire. The sample was made up of 178 individuals. The Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were undertaken.RESULTS: the adaptation problems and the socioeconomic and clinical aspects which presented statistical associations were: Hyperkalemia and age; Edema and income; Impairment of a primary sense: touch and income; Role failure and age; Sexual dysfunction and marital status and sex; Impairment of a primary sense: vision and years of education; Intolerance to activity and years of education; Chronic pain and sex and years of education; Impaired skin integrity and age: Hypocalcemia and access; Potential for injury and age and years of education; Nutrition below the organism's requirements and age; Impairment of a primary sense: hearing and sex and kinetic evaluation of urea; Mobility in gait and/or coordination restricted, and months of hemodialysis; and, Loss of ability for self-care, and months of hemodialysis and months of illness.CONCLUSION: adaptation problems in the clientele undergoing hemodialysis can be influenced by socioeconomic/clinical data. These findings contribute to the development of the profession, fostering the nurse's reflection regarding the care.
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Jasiecki, Krzysztof. "The Role and Importance of Economic Cooperation of the Visegrad Group Countries in the European Union Since 2015." Studia Europejskie - studies in European Affairs 24, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2020.10.
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The aim of the article is to describe the genesis, role, significance, conditions and effects of economic cooperation of the Visegrad Group countries in the European Union, with particular emphasis on their development after 2015. It presents the distinguishing features and specifi city of the Group’s cooperation before accession to NATO and the EU in the context of the situation of Central Europe and other European post-communist countries, as well as the most important aspects of the political and economic potential of the V4 countries against the background of the EU and selected member states. Various aspects of their economic cooperation in the region are discussed, as well as the structural limitations of the role of the Visegrad Group countries in the EU and related controversy. The final part contains conclusions relating to the Group’s activities with regard to the main axes of political and economic divisions in the EU, with particular emphasis placed on economic dimensions.
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Doringin, Ferry, and Kristianus Oktriono. "Political Aspects in Educational Leadership: A Case Study in ASEAN Economic Community Era." Humaniora 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v8i4.3725.
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The objective of this research was to see the political aspects in the success of educational leader using qualitative case study method. Leaders must realize their roles as a CEO, as an academician, and as a political leader. The research problem was why did the educational leaders had difficulty to take their role as political leaders and how to inspire them doing the role? The research applied a qualitative method by using “how” and “why” questions for analysis. There were some complicated issues in educational activities that were difficult to be solved but became easier if educational leaders have skills in persuading, negotiating, and using political process. The significant of the study was to inspire the educational leaders that they did not only take their role as the CEO, or the academician, but also the role as political leaders to be more successful in leading. Vocational and Training institutions in Indonesia face some challenges to be successful in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) era. The leaders of the institutions will be more successful if they understand the political roles, political process, and political techniques.
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De Martinis, Massimo, Maria Maddalena Sirufo, Mariano Suppa, Daniela Di Silvestre, and Lia Ginaldi. "Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041535.
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Allergies are rapidly worsening in recent decades, representing the most common immunological diseases. The mechanism of disorders such as asthma, rhinocongiuntivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, and anaphylaxis still remain unclear and consequently treatments is mostly still symptomatic and aspecific while developments of new therapies are limited. A growing amount of data in the literature shows us how the prevalence of allergic diseases is different in both sexes and its changes over the course of life. Genes, hormones, environmental and immunological factors affect sex disparities associated with the development and control of allergic diseases, while they more rarely are considered and reported regarding their differences related to social, psychological, cultural, economic, and employment aspects. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in allergies in an attempt to improve the indispensable gender perspective whose potential is still underestimated while it represents a significant turning point in research and the clinic. It will offer insights to stimulate exploration of the many aspects still unknown in this relationship that could ameliorate the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in allergic diseases.
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Sethi, Archana, and Praveen Verma. "Role of MSME's In Economic Growth Of India." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-A) 24, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrua.2018-24-1-4.
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In this paper, secondary data of MSME’s annual report is used to analysis the different aspects of MSME’s and its role in the Indian economy. We can see the huge growth in number of MSME’s in 2005-06 due to MSME’s act 2006 implemented, which increases the coverage of number of enterprises by properly defining the criteria of MSME’s. MSME’s also contributed very highly in total export of the country. Data suggested that most of the enterprises registered under MSME’s act are fall under the micro and small category and very few enterprise are under medium category within it. Male female participation ratio is also analyzed state wise in this paper some northeastern states like Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland are doing very good in male female participation ratio.
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Lopes, Rosane Lima, Suzete Araujo Oliveira Gomes, and Carolina Nascimento Spiegel. "An overview of studies on sex pheromones of insect vectors of pathogenic trypanosomatids of medical and veterinary importance." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (August 13, 2022): e13111132864. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.32864.
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Insect vectors of Leishmaniases, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis remain human health, veterinary and economic problems worldwide. Several sex pheromones molecules that contribute to mating behavior have been identified in these vectors. These chemical signals are potential alternatives to traditional chemical insecticides. This review discusses the diversity of sex pheromone molecules and their role in the mating behavior of insect vectors of Leishmaniases, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. The selection of studies was made based on research and review articles that presented sex pheromone aspects regarding insect vectors. In some species, these molecules have a dual function as serving as sex and aggregation pheromone. We also highlight the current knowledge of these substances as potential vector control tools. The studies revealed that sex pheromones applicability is largely experimental and restricted to some vectors. Based on these limitations, we included updated tables with the chemical identity of several sex pheromone compounds and other relevant information concerning the target species, which can contribute to future studies of control methodologies.
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NURHAYATI, Atikah, Pringgo Kusuma Dwi Noor Yadi PUTRA, and Asep K. SUPRIATNA. "THE ROLE OF SEA TURTLE CONSERVATION EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE TOURISM BASED ON BIO-ECOREGION (CASE STUDY IN BALI, INDONESIA)." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 41, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.41219-853.
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Sea turtle conservation management is part of natural tourism activities which are often referred to as ecotourism based on bio-ecoregion. Conservation activities by taking into account environmental, socio-cultural and economic aspects receive special attention by the community, especially sea turtle conservation. In Indonesia, one of the areas that conducts sea turtle conservation in Bali. This research aim to analysis the role of sea turtle conservation education for sustainable marine tourism based on bio-ecoregion (Case Study in Bali, Indonesia). The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The data used in this research primary and secondary data. The data collection technique used purposive sampling with 60 respondents consisting of tourists. Based on the research results of sea turtle conservation management in Bali tourism area from the ecological, social and institutional aspects it has a low value while from the economic aspect it has a high value. Lessons learned from the management of sea turtle conservation in Bali by emphasizing the socio-cultural aspects are able to produce modern sea turtle conservation management with the concept of ecotourism based on bio-ecoregion and able to improve the economy of the local community. The results of the activity showed that tourists who visit the sea turtle conservation area are provided with information about the sea turtle population that has decreased and is included in the protected animals. Conservation education aims to introduce tourists to raising awareness of the sustainability of sea turtle resources.
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Khakhuk, B. A. "Theoretical and methodological aspects of land rent." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 8 (July 19, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-4-2008-09.
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The article presents the evolution of the development of land rent as a complex economic category in the directions: classical, neoclassical and modern. The content, nature and mechanism of formation of various types of rental incomes are considered in this work, namely: differential rents I and II, monopoly and absolute rents, as well as new types of rents, happened in result of the development of scientifi c and technical process in the country and the need to strengthen the environmental factor in agricultural production. The particular attention is paid to the role of rent in modern Russian conditions, characterized by large-scale natural resource potential, as well as features and necessity for an innovative direction of its development.
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Möller-Leimkühler, Anne Maria. "Why is terrorism a man’s business?" CNS Spectrums 23, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000438.
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Terrorism, whether it is group-related or performed as lone actor terrorism, is a predominantly male phenomenon. Generally and throughout history, young males have been the main protagonists of criminal and political violence.This article aims to contribute, from different perspecives, to the question of what makes young men violent. These include neurobiological aspects, such as sex differences in the brain that predispose males to physical aggression and violence; gender role aspects, with regard to aggression and violence being basic components for demonstrating and reconstructing masculinity; demographic aspects of male youth bulges as potential breeding grounds for terrorism; aspects of group dynamics and identity fusion in the process of radicalization; and psychosocial characteristics of lone actor terrorists, which differ from group-related terrorists.It is concluded that in addition to ideological, political, economic, regional, demographic, or psychosocial causes, experiences of threatened masculinity may be an underlying factor and driving force for terrorism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Wong, Yi-lee, and 黃綺妮. "Family history and household economic strategies: a study of post-war Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214769.
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Prado, Luis Antonio. "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.
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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.
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Ollilainen, Anne Marjukka. "The organizational process of integrating gender into development planning : a case study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040512/.
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Azong, Jecynta A. "Economic policy, childcare and the unpaid economy : exploring gender equality in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22827.
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The research undertaken represents an in-depth study of gender and economics from a multi-disciplinary perspective. By drawing on economic, social policy and political science literature it makes an original contribution to the disciplines of economics and feminist economics by advancing ideas on a feminist theory of policy change and institutional design. Equally, the study develops a framework for a multi-method approach to feminist research with applied policy focus by establishing a pragmatic feminist research paradigm. By espousing multiple research philosophies, it extends understanding of gender differences in policy outcomes by connecting theories from feminist economics, feminist historical institutionalism and ideational processes. Jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council UK and the Scottish Government, this project attempts to answer three key questions: What is the relative position of men and women in the Scottish economy and how do childcare responsibilities influence these? Which institutions, structures and processes have been instrumental in embedding gender in Scottish economic policy? To what extent and how is the Scottish Government’s approach to economic policy gendered? Quantitative analysis reveals persistently disproportionate differences in men and women’s position in the labour market. Women remain over-represented in part-time employment and in the public sector in the 10years under investigation. Using panel data, the multinomial logistic regression estimation of patterns in labour market transitions equally reveal disproportionate gendered patterns, with families with dependent children 0-4years at a disadvantage to those without. Qualitative analysis indicates that these differences are partly explained by the fact that the unpaid economy still remains invisible to policymakers despite changes in the institutional design, policy processes and the approach to equality policymaking undertaken in Scotland. Unpaid childcare work is not represented as policy relevant and the way gender, equality and gender equality are conceptualised within institutional sites and on political agendas pose various challenges for policy development on unpaid childcare work and gender equality in general. Additionally, policymakers in Scotland do not integrate both the paid and unpaid economies in economic policy formulation since social policy and economic policy are designed separately. The study also establishes that the range of institutions and actors that make-up the institutional setting for regulating and promoting equality, influence how equality issues are treated within a national context. In Scotland, equality regulating institutions such as parliament, the Scottish Government, equality commission and the law are instrumental variables in determining the range of equality issues that are embedded in an equality infrastructure and the extent to which equality issues, including gender, are consequently embedded in public policy and government budgets. Significantly despite meeting all the attributes of an equality issue, unpaid care is not classified as a protected characteristic in the Equality legislation. These institutions can ameliorate, sustain or perpetuate the delivery of unequitable policy outcomes for men and women in the mutually dependent paid and unpaid economy. Thus, economic, social and political institutions are not independent from one another but are interrelated in complex ways that subsequently have material consequences on men and women in society. In summary, there are interlinkages between the law, labour market, the unpaid economy, the welfare state and gendered political institutions such that policy or institutional change in one will be dependent on or trigger change in another. These institutions are gendered, but are also interlinked and underpin the gender structure of other institutions to the extent that the gendered norms and ideas embedded in one institution, for example legislation or political institutions, structure the gendered dimensions of the labour market, welfare state, and the unpaid economy. By shedding light on institutional and political forces that regulate equality in addition to macroeconomic forces, the analysis reveals the important role of institutions, policy actors and their ideas as instrumental forces which constantly define, redefine and reconstruct the labour market experiences of men and women with significant material consequences.
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Stadler, Leigh Tessa. "Assessing household assets to understand vulnerability to HIV/Aids and climate change in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001655.
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Livelihood stressors in southern Africa, such as HIV/Aids and climate change, do not act in isolation but rather interact concurrently in complex socio-ecological systems with diverse, interrelated and compounded affects. Households experience differential vulnerability to such stressors based on contextual factors such as geographical location, income level and the gender and age of its members. Households’ differential experiences of vulnerability are further defined by the households’ use of their capital stocks: the human, social, natural, financial and physical capital available to the household to form livelihoods and resist the detrimental effects of a stressor. The capital stocks of 340 households were measured in two sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, using a household survey. These data were analysed to determine differences between the sites, households with heads of different gender and households of different income levels. Further data relating to the drivers and interactions of stressors over temporal and spatial scales, as well as the perceived value of various forms of capital by different social groups in the two sites, were collected via Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) methods including timelines, mental modelling and pair-wise ranking. Although the two sites have similar levels of income and fall within the same province, many significant differences emerged. The two sites showed different distributions of household head genders and different stressors and perceptions of vulnerability, perhaps owing to differences in their capital stocks, acting alongside the influence of culture and access on a shifting rural-urban continuum. These discrepancies further transpired to reflect crucial differential experiences along gender lines and income levels in each site. Vulnerability was often context specific, not only because of unique drivers of stress in different areas, but also because socio-economic groups and localities often had characteristics that could potentially exacerbate vulnerability, as well as characteristics that can potentially facilitate adaptive capacity. Stressors were found to have depleted multiple forms of capital over time, while new stressors were emerging, raising concerns over the most appropriate means of social protection within these contexts.
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Damron, Jason Gary. "Transgressing Sexuality: An Interdisciplinary Study of Economic History, Anthropology, and Queer Theory." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/622.
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This interdisciplinary thesis examines the concept of sexuality through lenses provided by economic history, anthropology, and queer theory. A close reading reveals historical parallels from the late 1800s between concepts of a desiring, utility-maximizing economic subject on the one hand, and a desiring, carnally decisive sexological subject on the other. Social constructionists have persuasively argued that social and economic elites deploy the discourse of sexuality as a technique of discipline and social control in class- and gender-based struggles. Although prior scholarship discusses how contemporary ideas of sexuality reflect this origin, many anthropologists and queer theorists continue to use "sexuality" uncritically when crafting local, material accounts of sex, pleasure, affection, intimacy, and human agency. In this thesis, I show that other economic, political, and intellectual pathways emerge when sexuality is deliberately dis-ordered. I argued that contemporary research aspires to formulate new ideas about bodies and pleasures. It fails to do so adequately when relying on sexuality as a master narrative.
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Wong, Yi-lee. "Family history and household economic strategies : a study of post-war Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17311032.
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Yueh, Linda Yi-Chuang. "Gender, discrimination and inequality in China : some economic aspects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3e1a0432-9a88-4893-9959-5dc376f78698.
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With the move to a more market-oriented economy in China, there is evidence of increased inequality in the incomes earned by men and women. To explore this outcome, we turn to an aspect of Chinese society that is pervasive in both economic and social contexts, namely, the Chinese variant of social capital, guanxi. It appears that in an imperfect labour market characterised by frictions, such as restricted mobility, costly job search, and limited employment alternatives, the cultivation of guanxi is important in reducing these transaction costs. The notion that investing in social capital can enhance an individual's opportunities leads to the development of a theory of discrimination that may explain the gender inequalities accompanying marketisation in China, and might be more generally relevant. The model of earnings discrimination is premised on imperfect product and labour markets. Under these conditions, we show that differential wages for similarly productive workers is a profit maximising outcome for firms. We apply this theory in an attempt to explain the trend of increasing gender inequality in earned income in urban China during the current reform period. First, pre-labour market gender inequality is investigated through developing a model of parental investment in children's human capital to discern whether there are productive differences between men and women prior to entering employment. In 1995, household expenditure on children's education is affected by perceived future earnings differentials and support of parents in retirement. Regarding labour markets, an original survey designed to test our model of social capital was administered in urban China in early 2000 and pertained to 1999. We find that there are differences between men and women in their investment in guanxi that correspond to gender inequalities in earned income and rates of re-employment. Both empirical chapters provide evidence in accordance with the predictions of the theory.
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Hoffmann, Nimi. "The role of the instrumental principle in economic explanations." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002842.
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Economic explanations tend to view individuals as acting to satisfy their preferences, so that when given a choice between goods, individuals choose those goods which have greater utility for them – they choose those goods which they believe can best satisfy their preferences in the circumstances at hand. In this thesis, I investigate how utility theory works when it is used to explain behaviour. In theory, utility is a positive concept. It is intended to describe and explain an individual’s behaviour without judging or justifying it. It also seems to be regarded as non-hypothetical, for it explains an individual’s behaviour in terms of preferences which need not be shared by others, but may be wholly particular to her. This implies a distinctive way of approaching people’s behaviour as isolated from and immune to the judgements of a community, for utility cannot be used as a common standard by which we judge an individual’s behaviour as better or worse, appropriate or inappropriate. I argue that this theoretical treatment of utility is substantially different from the practice of using utility to explain behaviour. In the first place, when utility is used to explain behaviour as preference-guided, it treats this behaviour as rational action. An explanation of rational action is, however, necessarily governed by the instrumental principle. This principle is normative – it stipulates the correct relation between a person’s means and her ends, rather than simply describing an existing relation. The principle is also non-hypothetical – our commitment to the principle does not rely on the possession of particular ends, but on having ends in general. The instrumental principle therefore acts as a common standard for reasoning about how to act, so that when we explain an agent’s behaviour as rational action, we expect that her action will conform to standards that we all share in virtue of having ends. Thus, I contend, in order to explain the rational actions of an individual, marginal utility necessarily appeals to the judgements of a community.
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Monte, Erica D. "Sex-role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come?" PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4945.
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Parents are the first source of a child's learning of her or his gender. In fact, sex-role stereotyping of infants by parents may occur within the first 24 hours of birth. This study examined the nature of parental stereotyping on the basis of their infant's sex by obtaining parents' descriptions of their newborn and toy and clothing preferences for their newborn. In 1974, Rubin found that parents responded stereotypically to their infants on the basis of sex. Following Rubin's interview approach, 50 parent pairs from two urban hospitals were asked to participate in a parent-infant study and were subsequently interviewed 24 hours postpartum. Parents were asked open-ended descriptive questions about their newborn, given a semantic differential scale of 18 bi-polar objectives, asked about the importance of others recognizing their baby's sex, and asked a set of questions relating to the preference of clothing and toy choices for their newborn. Findings suggest that parents do stereotype their infants on the basis of biological sex. Sons were more likely to be described as strong, perfect, big or big-featured and energetic,--while daughters received more descriptions that mentioned their eyes, skin, or facial features and were also more likely to be described as small, tiny, or weak. Parents of boys were also more likely to state a preference for gender-specific toys and clothing. Infant sex did not make a notable difference on the importance that parents attributed to others recognizing their baby's sex. Fathers were more likely to perceive and describe their daughters more stereotypically than were mothers of either daughters or sons. Further studies to investigate gender stereotyping and its consequences as well as the interplay between the macro and micro levels of gender relations in society are suggested.
Books on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Joekes, Susan P. Gender and macro-economic policy. Washington, D.C: Association for Women in Development, 1989.
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Khasanova, V. N. Teorii︠a︡ sposoba proizvodstva i gendernai︠a︡ asimetrii︠a︡. Surgut: Surgutskiĭ gos. pedagogicheskiĭ universitet, 2007.
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Goldin, Claudia Dale. The quiet revolution that transformed women's employment, education, and family. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
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Yi, Yŏng-ja. Sobi chabonjuŭi sahoe ŭi yŏsŏng kwa namsŏng. Sŏul: Nanam, 2000.
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Aguirre, Rosario. Sociología y género: Las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres bajo sospecha. Montevideo: Doble Clic Soluciones Editoriales, 1998.
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Kapteijns, Lidwien. Women and the Somali pastoral tradition: Corporate kinship and capitalist transformation in Northern Somalia. Boston, MA (270 Bay State Rd., Boston 02215): African Studies Center, Boston University, 1991.
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Chant, Sylvia H. Gender aspects of urban economic growth and development. Helsinki, Finland: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1997.
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1969-, Cook Joanne, Roberts Jennifer 1966-, and Waylen Georgina, eds. Towards a gendered political economy. New York: St. Martin's Press in association with Political Economy Research Centre, the University of Sheffield, 2000.
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Titkow, Anna. Nieodplatna praca kobiet: Mity, realia, perspektywy. Warszawa: Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2004.
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Carzo, Domenico. Globalità virtuale e realtà locale: Genere, consumi e comunicazione in una città di provincia. Milano: F. Angeli, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Hashim, Datuk Abdul Rahim. "Redefining the Role of Universities in a Rapidly Changing Landscape." In The Promise of Higher Education, 245–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_38.
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AbstractOver the past few decades, the Malaysian higher education sector has experienced important reform, particularly guided by the Malaysia Education Blueprint for Higher Education 2015–2025 to stimulate continued excellence in the system. However, the dawn of 2020 has unfolded many challenges as COVID-19 rages across the globe bringing sudden paralysis to the whole world. Indeed, the pandemic has affected the world and greatly impacted our lives not only from a health perspective, but also from the political, economic, and social aspects. To date, universities in Malaysia have been closed for more than four months, although the Ministry of Higher Education has recently permitted postgraduate students undertaking full-time research programmes to return to the university should their research necessitate their physical presence in laboratories, workshops, design studios or to use specific equipment available only on campus. For other university students, online or virtual teaching and learning is set to continue until the end of this year, although identified groups of students will be allowed to return to the campus in stages.
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Bergmann, Barbara R. "The Breakup of the Sex-Role Caste System." In The Economic Emergence of Women, 1–10. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982582_1.
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Bergmann, Barbara R. "A Policy Agenda for the Sex-Role Revolution." In The Economic Emergence of Women, 209–18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982582_13.
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Franconi, Flavia, Manuela Sanna, Elisabetta Straface, Roberto Chessa, and Giuseppe Rosano. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: The Role of Sex and Gender." In Sex and Gender Aspects in Clinical Medicine, 183–94. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-832-4_12.
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Leidl, R. "Model-Based Scenarios to Describe Economic Impacts of AIDS: The Role of Case-Mix." In Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection, 282–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84089-0_26.
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Singh, Waikhom Roshan, and Ajay S. Kalamdhad. "Role of Urban Local Bodies and Opportunities in Municipal Solid Waste Management." In Urban Hydrology, Watershed Management and Socio-Economic Aspects, 341–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40195-9_27.
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Volkov, Alexandr A., Tatyana F. Maslova, Valeriy V. Meleshkin, Andrey M. Salny, and Galina V. Stroi. "Special Aspects of Formation of Legal Awareness in an Information Society: The Role of Mindset." In Economic Issues of Social Entrepreneurship, 235–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77291-8_22.
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Mantero, Claudio. "Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobility at the Core of Sustainable Tourism in Six European Islands." In Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73715-3_1.
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AbstractTransport and tourism are rising economic sectors based on their mutual growth on reliable technological tools, affordable energy sources in relatively peaceful decades. This growing trend, faced along years of sudden slowdown caused mainly by the financial and health crisis; one of the most severe and recent episodes was the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic outbreak is representing a global turning point for both international markets of tourism and transport which can be addressed with innovative solutions looking to retake the growing trends. In such a changing framework CIVITAS DESTINATIONS European project addressed the main challenges of tourism and resident mobility at local (rural, urban area, large city) and regional levels, focusing on six European islands (Malta, Cyprus, Elba, Crete, Gran Canaria, Madeira) aiming to implement and evaluate 83 different sustainable mobility measures. The project proves to have a cumulative relevant impact on environmental indicators such as CO2 emission avoided, fossil fuel saved and energy saved. Additionally, the project findings focus on the quality of life and economic development to grant long-run environmental and financial sustainability of tourism and transport at the local and regional levels. The main aspects observed were related to public participation and governance models in touristic mobility integrated with the residents’ needs, touristic mobility the island, role of technologies to focus on final user needs, growing trends of elder and disabled people, new integrated and innovative business in tourism and mobility markets, health at the core of future trends.
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Cirenzhuoga, Juyeon Ham, and Namho Chung. "The Role of Perceived Technology and Consumers’ Personality Traits for Trust Transfer in Airbnb." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 128–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_11.
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AbstractAirbnb is widely popular among tourists around the world and in the hospitality industry. With Airbnb being a sharing economy and a type of e-commerce platform, consumers’ trust in it is an important issue. This study proposed three information technology factors affecting trust in Airbnb from positive and negative aspects. Personality traits affecting trust in Airbnb and its hosts are also put forward. Using data collected from Chinese Airbnb users, this study applied the structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. Results suggest various implications for Airbnb and similar sharing economy platforms.
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Shumilina, Vera, and Anastasiaya Borzykh. "ECONOMIC SECURITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES." In Business security management in modern conditions, 74–83. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_602586359d7f87.67068324.
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The article highlights the place of small business in the general economic system of the Russian Federation, analyzes the role of economic security in the system of small and medium-sized businesses. The main aspects that influence the level of economic security of small and medium enterprises are revealed.
Conference papers on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Dorofeeva, Lyudmila V., and Natalya A. Roslyakova. "The Northern Sea Route as an element of regional development through a system of national projects." In Problems of transformation and regulation of regional socio- economic systems. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1635-0-2021-49-38-45.
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The article examines the possibilities of increasing the role of the Northern Sea Route in world logistics. Within the framework of the system of national projects, the goal was announced to increase the volume of cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route to the level of 80 million tons by 2024 from the current level of 10 million tons. In the long term, until 2030, it is planned to increase the transit of goods in the eastern direction to the volume of 110-120 million tons. The article deals with the aspects of improving the system of state planning and management, the organization of interaction between the state, business and the population. An assessment of the current legislative practice of management in the Arctic is given and recommendations are given for improving both the legislative framework and mechanisms for managing territories. The possible consequences of the implementation of transport projects and problems in the development of the Arctic are estimated.
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Runcheva Tasev, Hristina, Milena Apostolovska-Stepanoska, and Leposava Ognjanoska. "THE POTENTIAL OF ARTICLE 259 TFEU AS A TOOL FOR UPHOLDING THE MUTUAL TRUST IN THE EU." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22446.
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The principle of mutual trust, whose fundamental importance is recognized by the CJEU, is not mentioned in the Treaties, but nonetheless, it plays an essential role for the EU integration process and has become a structural principle of the EU law. In addition to its role as a basis for a large set of EU rules in the areas such as the internal market and the area of freedom, security and justice, this principle is also closely related to the EU founding values including the rule of law. Having in mind that is not a “blind trust” but an assumption, it is applied through ensuring compliance with the Union law for which both the Member States and the European Commission share responsibility, inter alia, by means of the infringement procedure. Under Article 259 TFEU, Member States are also entitled to bring a direct action against another Member State for an alleged infringement of an obligation under the Treaties. However, it is extremely rare for a Member State to take action upon the Article 259 TFEU and its potential remains untapped till now. This contribution aims to answer why do Member States are inactive in terms of invoking the infringement procedure. It argues that infringement procedure initiated by a Member State against another Member State should not be perceived as a violation of the mutual trust between them but as a tool to uphold the mutual trust and to protect the Union’s founding values, including the rule of law.
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Hučková, Regina, and Martina Semanová. "THE POSITION AND REGULATION OF GATEKEEPERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW EUROPEAN LEGISLATION." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22441.
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Over the last two decades, a better digital transformation has fundamentally changed the global economy and society. Digital services have become new tools and their importance for our social and economic life will continue to grow. When we adopted the e-commerce directive 20 years ago, many digital services and platforms such as Google, Amazon or Booking were in their initial stage or did not yet exist. The blockades as the consequence of the COVID pandemic have now strengthened the role of online platforms. People have changed their habits towards the online world so that they can do business, shop, work, learn and socialize. COVID-19 has led to an increase in online e-commerce and an increase in fraud, unfair practices, and other illegalities of various formats. The crisis has exposed the system’s existing gaps and weaknesses, which has allowed dishonest services and traders to exploit people’s current insecurity. The Commission has proposed an ambitious reform of the digital space, a comprehensive set of new rules for all digital services, including social media, online marketplaces and other online platforms operating in the European Union: The Digital Services Act and The Digital Markets Act. In this article, we will look at the Commission’s proposal for The Digital Markets Act (DMA), which was published on December 15, 2020. In the last few years, it has been concluded that a small number of large digital platforms act as “gatekeepers” because they are essential gateways between business users and their potential customers. This allows these platforms to take advantage of the enterprise users’ dependence on their services by imposing unfair business conditions. As this issue may not be adequately addressed in competition law, it has led the European Commission to propose a Digital Markets Act (DMA). The DMA should introduce more flexibility and adaptability in terms of imposing the “gatekeeper” obligations. In this article, we will focus on the question of which digital platforms should be subject to ex ante regulation, and thus also the obligations contained in the DMA proposal. The methodology used to identify the “gatekeepers” cannot be separated from the problems that ex ante regulation seeks to address, as otherwise the DMA could end up regulating the wrong set of companies. The DMA proposal describes “gatekeepers” as providers of the core platform service (CPS) that meet three cumulative quality criteria. These criteria are presumed to be met if the relevant CPS provider meets the quantitative size thresholds. DMA includes a mechanism that allows CPS providers who meet these quantitative thresholds to escape labelling. This article reveals the various provisions of the DMA and explains why the Commission has decided to regulate “gatekeepers” and how it can prevent the damage caused by large digital platforms.
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Shahi, Shashi K., and G. Gary Wang. "Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Selection for Optimum Economic and Environmental Benefits Using Pareto Set Points and PSAT™." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28972.
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to reduce green house gases emissions and provide a promising alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, PHEVs have not been widely adopted in comparison to the conventional vehicles due to their high costs and short charging intervals. Since PHEVs rely on large storage batteries relative to the conventional vehicles, the characteristics and design issues associated with PHEV batteries play an important role in the potential adoption of PHEVs. Consumer acceptance and adoption of PHEVs mainly depends on fuel economy, operating cost, operation green house gas (GHG) emissions, power and performance, and safety among other characteristics. We compare the operational performance of PHEV20 (PHEV version sized for 20 miles of all electric range) based on fuel economy, operating cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through Pareto set point identification approach for 15 different types of batteries, including lithium-ion, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel zinc (NiZn), and lead acid batteries. It is found that two from 15 batteries dominate the rest. Among the two, a NiMH (type ess_nimh_90_72_ovonic) gives the highest fuel economy, and a lithium-ion (type ess_li_7_303) yields the lowest operating cost and GHG emissions. From comparing nine batteries that are either on or close to the Pareto frontier, one can see that lithium-ion and NiMH batteries offer better fuel economy than lead-acid batteries. Though lithium-ion batteries bear clear advantage on operating costs and GHG emissions, NiMH and lead-acid batteries show similar performances from these two aspects.
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Nagy, Attila. "THE NON-APPLICATION OF COMPETITION RULES IN POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18834.
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Competition has been claimed to be a very liberal economic tool where market players are meant to be free in arranging their technologies, production and sales on a particular market. In this paper we are developing a new hypothetical of the functioning of market economies which are in a global sense and considering new markets very different and specific. All the global powers, whose centre of influence might change in time, are trying to gain a bigger share regarding raw materials and potential markets. In post-conflicts societies and in particular in our case study of Kosovo and Serbia we can see the more clear market interests of all local, regional and global powers. The research of post-conflict societies is providing us with some answers regarding the possible future developments in certain societies and regions. The EU made Brussels Agreements in Kosovo has managed to establish new enterprises as a solution of a political compromise where energy, telecommunication and natural resources played a key role. The Washington Agreement has liberalized the infrastructure achievements but in some aspects limited the use of energy and telecommunication infrastructure from certain sources. In this sense we can observe the limited capacity of competition rules application in post-conflict societies and in particular Kosovo in this case. These agreements have therefore limited the influence of economic, strategic and energy related influence from main USA competitors which have not been named in the agreements, but are well known. In both agreements it is visible how economic activities and cooperation is encouraged with various non-economic incentives. Competition is accordingly more of a political will than an economic reality for some in post-conflict societies. The introduction of various companies into the Kosovo legal framework and their control by Serbia is an obvious tool how natural resources could be shared for a benefit of citizens where conflict is resolved using free market and competition rules.
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Gomes, E. E. B., C. Olmos, A. L. Polyzakis, and P. Pilidis. "Long-Term Operation Strategies Case Studies for Combined Heat and Power." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63359.
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In the next years Distributed Poly-generation Systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the electricity infrastructure and market. The successful spread of small-scale generation either connected to the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter depends on diverse issues, such as the possibilities of technical implementation, resource availability, environmental aspects, and regulation and market conditions. The aim of this study is to develop an economical and parametric analysis of a Distributed Generation System based on gas turbines able to satisfy the energy demand of a typical Hotel complex. Here we show the economic performance of six cases combining different designs and regimes of operation. The software Turbomatch, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University, was used to simulate the off-design performance of the engines in different ambient and load conditions. A clear distinction between cases running at full load and following the load could be observed in the results. Full load regime can give a shorter return on the investment than following the load. Despite of CHP systems currently are not economically attractive, in the future this scenario may change due to the environmental regulations and unavailability of low price fuel for large centralised power stations. CHP has a significant potential but requires favourable legislative and fair energy market conditions to successfully increase its share in the power generation market.
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Luwes, Nicolaas, Lawrence Meda, and James Swart. "Academic and Student Perceptions on the Intergation of HIV and AIDS education in an Electrical Engineering Curriculum at a South African University of Technology." In HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2618.
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South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV and AIDS in the world. A concerted effort is needed to address this epidemic, lest a socio-economic crisis may cripple the country. Education may be the most powerful weapon in this regard, with universities playing a critical role in addressing this concern. In 2015, a funding program was initiated by Universities South Africa to facilitate this integration. Subsequently, the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at a South African University of Technology set out to re-design their curricula to include vital aspects relating to HIV and AIDS. A responsive driven curriculum design was adopted whereby the perceptions and expectations of facilitators and students in this department towards HIV and AIDS education were sought. An online open-ended questionnaire was used to gather both qualitative and quantitative results. This paper presents the initial findings of this study. A key recommendation of this study is to develop a digital online module addressing advanced HIV and AIDS education with special focu on its application in the workplace.
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Princz-Jakovics, Tibor, and Dóra Bachmann. "Strategic evaluation of the railway traction energy supply development on the Hungarian railway network." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1045.
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Transformer substations are hidden elements of the railway infrastructure, they have a long service life and reliable operation. On this reason reconstruction of substations are often left out of railway development projects. The board responsible for railway development in the Ministry of Innovation and Technology has decided to set up a project dedicated to substation development. The purpose of our work was to assess, examine and supervise the current technical status, network role and future sustainability of railway substations in order to choose a set of substations to be reconstructed in the given cost framework. We completed traction energy simulations to explore the weak points of the traction energy supply system and to provide basic data for the planning process. In our feasibility study we chose 20 of 38 substations to be reconstructed in a multi-step decision process. On Level 1 we assessed professional and operational aspects with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) regarding capacity shortages, energy efficiency, existence of remote control, characteristics of environmental protection and climate resilience, age-related failures, unit performance and network assessment. Based on the multi-criteria analysis we formed feasible technological options. To quantify and compare their long-term financial effects, on Level 2 we have chosen cost-effectiveness analysis methodology considering investment cost and the operational costs incurred during the estimated evaluation period. After option analysis we conducted cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Savings at social level are considered benefits in economic terms. As the type of the intervention did not fit the relevant CBA guide, we had to elaborate a special methodology for the assessment of economic benefits of the project. After all we have set up three project packages (6 or 9 or 20 substations) depending on available funding sources – and all three project packages can be regarded as economically viable and eligible for financing and implementation.
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da Silva Amorim, Simone, John D. McGregor, Eduardo Santana de Almeida, and Christina von Flach G. Chavez. "The Architect's Role in Software Ecosystems Health." In WASHES '17: 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098322.3098324.
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Sendra Pons, Pau, Norat Roig Tierno, and Alicias Mas Tur. "Raising awareness on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Lego Serious Play (LSP)." In INNODOCT 2020. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2020.2020.11763.
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In September 2015, world leaders agreed on a new sustainable development agenda based on a set of global goals aimed at eradicating poverty, ensuring planet protection and guaranteeing prosperity for future generations (Stafford-Smith et al., 2017). Since then, the education sector has played a fundamental role, not only raising awareness among young people about the importance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but also promoting innovative ideas around sustainability (Owens, 2017). SDGs implementation needs of business actors rethinking their understanding of economic growth, taking into consideration not only economic aspects but also social and ecological concerns (Crespo et al., 2017). Thus, the traditional paradigm based on continuous economic expansions needs to adopt a triple bottom line perspective (Slaper and Hall, 2011). In this context, it is remarkable to bring economic and business students closer to the importance of SDGs, involving them in the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. For this purpose, a LEGO Serious Play (LSP) workshop is held to envision a more sustainable tomorrow and collectively reflect on the main challenges of our society from the business perspective (Kristiansen and Rasmussen, 2014). LSP is an unconventional methodology based on brick-building and metaphoric storytelling. It involves kinesthetic learning given that participants are asked to build metaphoric structures with Lego bricks that respond to a challenge raised by the instructor. This hands-on methodology is often accompanied by facilitated reflection, becoming a language for emotional content and promoting discussion around complex issues (Peabody and Noyes, 2017). The workshop started with an introduction to LSP for students to familiarize themselves with its dynamics. Then, a challenge related to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was raised by the instructors who accompanied students through the process of strategic thinking. The last part of the workshop was devoted to sharing ideas and reflections among participants, both regarding the designed prototypes and the potential of LSP for developing new ideas. This last phase was developed firstly within the different work groups and, after, with the broader group so that participants could receive the feedback of their fellows before presenting the prototypes to all participants. To analyze the results of this innovative education project, we conducted a survey among participants about LSP methodology, workshop dynamics and skills acquisition using a Likert scale. The results show how LSP is especially suitable to foster ideation around SDGs since it raises awareness and understanding about how these goals might be integrated into daily business initiatives. It also allows participants to significantly improve their communication and problem-solving skills. This suggests LSP methodology is suitable in higher education contexts as it allows students to reflect on complex issues through an ideation process where kinesthetic learning plays a crucial role. LSP speeds up the process of finding sustainable solutions and allows unconscious ideas to take shape in 3D. It also helps students to foster self-confidence as well as network with other students, given its socializing nature. All in all, students develop key skills for their professional development.
Reports on the topic "Sex role – economic aspects"
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Haider, Huma. Education, Conflict, and Stability in South Sudan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.129.
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This Emerging Issues Report explores the relationship between education, conflict, and (in)stability in South Sudan, drawing on a wide range of academic, policy, and programming literature. There is a growing body of research on the ways in which education can both exacerbate conflict and contribute to peace. The 4Rs framework (focusing on aspects of Redistribution, Recognition, Representation, and Reconciliation) provides a holistic way to explore and address the education system’s relationship to economic, social, cultural and political development processes; and its role in producing or exacerbating inequalities that fuel grievances and ultimately conflict (Novelli et al., 2019, 2016). The 4Rs framework is adopted throughout this report, at the start of each main section, providing summaries of key issues in the delivery of education and outcomes in South Sudan. These summaries are also presented in this overview. The report also looks at the interaction of donor interventions in education with conflict and stability in South Sudan, focusing on the Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) programme (see below), but also drawing on a few other interventions. While there is a range of donor reports and other literature that outline and discuss these initiatives and their impacts, there is limited research that makes explicit connections to their interactions with conflict and (in)stability.
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Zholdayakova, Saule, Yerdaulet Abuov, Daulet Zhakupov, Botakoz Suleimenova, and Alisa Kim. Toward a Hydrogen Economy in Kazakhstan. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/iwlu3832.
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The energy transition is driving governments and industries to adopt various measures to reduce their climate impacts while maintaining the stability of their economy. Hydrogen technologies are one of the central topics in the energy transition. Different nations have different stances on it. Some governments see hydrogen as a decarbonization tool or part of their energy security strategy, while some others see it as a potential export commodity. While identifying priorities for the future, Kazakhstan should clearly define the role of hydrogen in the country’s long-term energy and decarbonization strategy. This work presents the first country-scale assessment of hydrogen technologies in Kazakhstan by focusing on policy, technology and economy aspects. A preliminary analysis has shown that Kazakhstan should approach hydrogen mainly as a part of its long-term decarbonization strategy. While coping with the financial risks of launching a hydrogen economy, the country can benefit from the export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in the near term. The export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in Kazakhstan is justified by its proximity to the largest hydrogen markets, huge resource base, and potentially low cost of production (in the case of blue hydrogen). Technology options for hydrogen transportation and storage for Kazakhstan are discussed in our work. The paper also identifies target hydrogen utilization areas in emission sectors regulated by Kazakhstan’s Emissions Trading System.
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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.
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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Snyder, Karen, Pauline Oosterhoff, and Neelam Sharma. Labour Trajectories and Aspirations of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ Workers. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.074.
Full textAbstract:
This IDS Working Paper explores the labour trajectories and aspirations, and the labour intermediaries of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) workers. Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking as well as labour and sex exploitation. Research included a literature review, interviews with ‘AES’ workers, and observations in areas with reported elevated levels of human trafficking to visualise the economic activities. This Working Paper has a companion paper – Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ – which focuses on the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘AES’ and other employment.
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Hicks, Jacky, Berni Smith, Anna Downs, and Benedetta Musillo. Conversations on Gender and Tax. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.064.
Full textAbstract:
By being ‘gender aware’, tax policy, tax administration and tax research have the potential to both reduce discrimination and promote women’s economic empowerment, and benefit the wider inclusive economic growth and development process. Civil society organisations (CSOs) play an important role in all aspects of taxation and gender, from improving transparency and accountability of government decisions on tax policy, and engaging with governments and oversight institutions on taxation and gender, to educating female taxpayers and monitoring services that revenue authorities and ministries of finance provide. Specialised CSOs could carry out gendered analysis of taxation and its impacts in parallel to gendered analysis of budgeting.
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Elizur, Abigail, Amir Sagi, Gideon Hulata, Clive Jones, and Wayne Knibb. Improving Crustacean Aquaculture Production Efficiencies through Development of Monosex Populations Using Endocrine and Molecular Manipulations. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613890.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background Most of Australian prawn aquaculture production is based on P. monodon. However, the Australian industry is under intense competition from lower priced overseas imports. The availability of all-female monosex populations, by virtue of their large size and associated premium prize, will offer competitive advantage to the industry which desperately needs to counteract competitors within this market. As for the redclaw production in Israel, although it is at its infancy, the growers realized that the production of males is extremely advantageous and that such management strategy will change the economic assumptions and performances of this aquaculture to attract many more growers. Original objectives (as in original proposal) Investigating the sex inheritance mechanism in the tiger prawn. Identification of genes expressed uniquely in the androgenic gland (AG) of prawns and crayfish. The above genes and/or their products will be used to localize the AG in the prawn and manipulate the AG activity in both species. Production of monosex populations through AG manipulation. In the prawn, production of all-female populations and in the crayfish, all-male populations. Achievements In the crayfish, the AG cDNA library was further screened and a third AG specific transcript, designated Cq-AG3, had been identified. Simultaneously the two AG specific genes, which were previously identified, were further characterized. Tissue specificity of one of those genes, termed Cq-AG2, was demonstrated by northern blot hybridization and RNA in-situ hybridization. Bioinformatics prediction, which suggested a 42 amino acid long signal anchor at the N-terminus of the deduced Cq-AG2, was confirmed by immunolocalization of a recombinant protein. Cq-IAG's functionality was demonstrated by dsRNA in-vivo injections to intersex crayfish. Cq-IAGsilencing induced dramatic sex-related alterations, including male feature feminization, reduced sperm production, extensive testicular apoptosis, induction of the vitellogeningene expression and accumulation of yolk proteins in the ovaries. In the prawn, the AG was identified and a cDNA library was created. The putative P. monodonAG hormone encoding gene (Pm-IAG) was identified, isolated and characterized for time of expression and histological localization. Implantation of the AG into prawn post larvae (PL) and juveniles resulted in phenotypic transformation which included the appearance of appendix masculina and enlarged petasma. The transformation however did not result in sex change or the creation of neo males thus the population genetics stage to be executed with Prof. Hulata did not materialized. Repeated AG implantation is currently being trialed. Major conclusions and Implications, both scientific and agricultural Cq-IAG's involvement in male sexual differentiation had been demonstrated and it is strongly suggested that this gene encodes an AG hormone in this crayfish. A thorough screening of the AG cDNA library shows Cq-IAG is the prominent transcript within the library. However, the identification of two additional transcripts hints that Cq-IAG is not the only gene mediating the AG effects. The successful gene silencing of Cq-IAG, if performed at earlier developmental stages, might accomplish full and functional sex reversal which will enable the production of all-male crayfish populations. Pm-IAG is likely to play a similar role in prawns. It is possible that repeated administration of the AG into prawn will lead to the desired full sex reversal, so that WZ neo males, crossed with WZ females can result in WW females, which will form the basis for monosex all-female population.
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Qiao, Baoyun, Xiaoqin Fan, Hanif Rahemtulla, Hans van Rijn, and Lina Li. Critical Issues for Fiscal Reform in the People’s Republic of China Part 1: Revenue and Expenditure Management. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220575-2.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines revenue and expenditure management in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and recommends ways to cut risk and strengthen the resilience of the fiscal system. The paper outlines the PRC’s fiscal reforms and the impact of COVID-19. It notes the financing gap facing subnational governments that play a key role in providing public investment in infrastructure. The authors discuss the PRC’s need to adjust its focus on economic growth to tackle its fiscal imbalance, improve the sustainability of local government finances, and address inequality and environmental degradation. This paper is the first of two on key aspects of fiscal reform in the PRC.
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Haider, Huma. Political Settlements: The Case of Moldova. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.065.
Full textAbstract:
The new elite in post-1991 independent Moldova gradually captured state institutions, while internal drivers of reforms have generally been weak. Civil society has had limited effectiveness; and the media is largely dominated by political and business circles (BTI, 2022). The Moldovan diaspora has emerged in recent years, however, as a powerful driver of reform. In addition, new political parties and politicians have in recent years focused on common social and economic problems, rather than exploiting identity and geopolitical cleavages. These two developments played a crucial role in the transformative changes in the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2020 and 2021, respectively.1 The new Moldovan leadership has experienced many challenges, however, in achieving justice and anti-corruption reforms—the primary components of their electoral platform—due to the persistence of rent-seeking and corruption in the justice sector (Minzarari, 2022). This rapid review examines literature—primarily academic and non-governmental organisation (NGO)-based—in relation to the political settlement of Moldova. It provides an overview of the political settlement framework and the political history of Moldova. It then draws on the literature to explore aspects of the social foundation and the power configuration in Moldova; and implications for governance and inclusive development. The report concludes with recommendations for government, domestic reformers, Moldovan society, and donors for improving inclusive governance and development in Moldova, identified throughout the literature. This report does not cover political settlement in relation to Transnistria.