Academic literature on the topic 'Sex role – Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Elfes, Angeleke, and Philip Birch. "Sex trafficking and the role of state police within Australia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-10-2014-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine operational policing practice with reference to reducing sex trafficking. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative study in which in-depth structured interviews were conducted with state police officers in one state of Australia. Findings – The paper reveals that state police officers have a good understanding of sex trafficking and are involved in reactive policing methods in order to reduce this crime type. The data set yields a limitation in proactive policing methods for reducing sex trafficking, primarily due to human and financial resources and the composition of state and federal laws and policing practices in Australia. Those interviewed also noted how sex trafficking can disguise itself as legitimate sex work. Research limitations/implications – The effectiveness in operational practice at the local, national and international level in reducing sex trafficking can be enhanced through a more co-ordinated response to the problem. Recognition of better communication strategies and partnership working can support a reduction in sex trafficking as well as allowing those who are trafficked the status of “victim”. Practical implications – To ensure those who are trafficked for sexual servitude are viewed and treated as victims within the law. To review how state police forces in Australia are resourced in order to proactively address sex trafficking. To ensure state police forces can engage in more proactive policing initiatives in order to prevent sex trafficking. Reflect on examples of good practice between federal and state police forces in Australia to implement a co-ordinated approach for combatting sex trafficking. Originality/value – This is one of just a few studies examining organised crime from the perspective of law enforcement personnel within Australia.
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Gilly, Mary C. "Sex Roles in Advertising: A Comparison of Television Advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United States." Journal of Marketing 52, no. 2 (April 1988): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200206.
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In the past, research has found that the portrayal of sex roles in advertising has not reflected equality or reality. Further, studies typically have examined only U.S. advertising, leaving open the question of cultural influence on advertising's sex role portrayals. The author offers a new analysis of sex roles in advertising and compares content analysis findings for U.S., Australian, and Mexican television advertisements. Results reveal differences in the portrayal of the sexes in U.S. advertisements. Australian advertisements show somewhat fewer sex role differences and Mexican advertisements show slightly more sex role differences than U.S. advertisements. Stereotypes are found in the advertising of all three countries, but are manifested in different ways.
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Aroney, Eurydice, and Penny Crofts. "How Sex Worker Activism Influenced the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in NSW, Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i2.955.
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In 2015, Amnesty International joined over 200 sex worker organisations in the call for nations to decriminalise sex work. Despite this, only two jurisdictions in the world, New Zealand and New South Wales (NSW; Australia), have adopted this approach. This article examines the role that sex worker activists played in sex work law reform in NSW through their representative organisation, the Australian Prostitutes Collective (APC). The APC produced and submitted groundbreaking research to the Select Committee of the NSW Legislative Assembly on Prostitution (1983–1986) whose recommendations laid the foundation for the decriminalisation of sex work in NSW. This article contributes to a developing history of the contribution of sex worker activism to law reform. It explores why it is so important that sex worker voices are included in the process of reform, and how meaningful consultation with sex workers helped shape and invoke a radical policy and legal transformation.
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Sullivan, Corrinne T. "Pussy Power: A Contemporaneous View of Indigenous Women and Their Role in Sex Work." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030065.
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Sex work is the trade of sexual services in exchange for money or other goods of value. In the context of Indigenous Australia, sex work often produces narratives of victimisation and oppression reinforcing the patriarchal power and colonial dominance that is rife in Australia over Indigenous women’s bodies and behaviours. Drawing from interviews with Indigenous women who are engaged with sex work, this paper challenges these narratives by examining the motivation and meanings that shape Indigenous women’s decisions to undertake sex work, offering a compelling counter-narrative that discusses how Indigenous women seek and enact agency, sexuality, and sovereignty through the pussy power of sex work.
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Johnson, Carol, and Manon Tremblay. "Comparing Same-Sex Marriage in Australia and Canada: Institutions and Political Will." Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.36.
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This article explores why there have been such different trajectories in regard to same-sex marriage in Australia and Canada. Canada was one of the first countries to introduce same-sex marriage (in 2005) and, at time of writing, Australia still had not done so.1 The comparison is particularly interesting given that Australia and Canada have relatively similar political institutions except that Australia has no Charter of Rights. Miriam Smith has suggested that institutional factors explain the different trajectories of policies on same-sex marriage in Canada and the US. However, the shift in comparative lens to Canada and Australia provides new insights into the key role of factors influencing ‘political will’ in regard to same-sex marriage in both countries. Those multiple influences do include institutions but also the role played by party electoral strategies. Consequently, the article provides insights into the factors that can influence minority group rights in different national democratic settings.
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Prestage, Garrett, Jeffrey Grierson, Jack Bradley, Michael Hurley, and Jeff Hudson. "The role of drugs during group sex among gay men in Australia." Sexual Health 6, no. 4 (2009): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09014.
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Background: Drug use has been associated with risk behaviour among gay men. We examined the use of drugs and sexual risk behaviour among homosexually-active men who engaged in group sex in Australia. Methods: We used an anonymous, self-complete survey about participants’ most recent occasion of group sex with other men and in-depth interviews with a small number of these survey participants. The 746 men who reported having engaged in group sex within the previous 6 months were included in these analyses. Results: Among 746 men who engaged in group sex within the previous 6 months, 63.0% reported using illicit drugs at the group sex encounter. Men commonly reported using drugs specifically to enhance their sexual experience and to intensify the pleasure of that experience. After controlling for each drug type and other risk factors, only use of methamphetamine (odds ratio = 1.74, confidence interval = 1.06–2.88, P = 0.030) and having more than five drinks (odds ratio = 2.41, confidence interval = 1.34–4.33, P = 0.003) were independently associated with unprotected anal intercourse with non-HIV seroconcordant partners in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Methamphetamine and heavy alcohol use are associated with increased sexual risk behaviour among men who engage in group sex. Within more ‘adventurous’ gay community subcultures, drug use is often for the explicit purpose of enhancing the sexual experience and this complex relationship may be key to understanding HIV risk among these men.
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McDonald, Peter. "International migration and employment growth in Australia, 2011–2016." Australian Population Studies 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v1i1.8.
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Background: Immigration to Australia pre 1995 was largely low skilled. Recessions led to competition between low-skilled domestic workers and new immigrants and subsequent cuts in migration intakes. Historical changes in birth rates, increased participation in tertiary education, increasing numbers retiring and the relatively rapid restructuring of the skill level of labour demand combined to produce a skilled labour supply crisis in Australia from the mid-1990s. The permanent and temporary skilled migration policies established by the Australian Government from 1995 played an important role in meeting that labour demand, especially in the boom years of the first decade of the 21st century.
Aims: This paper examines the impact of immigration on employment in Australia subsequent to the global financial crisis (GFC) for the five-year period from July 2011 to July 2016.
Data and methods: Data for the paper are sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The paper uses survival methods to decompose the growth in employment in Australia in the five-year period from 2011 to 2016: (1) change in age and sex distribution in the absence of migration; (2) changes in employment participation rates by age and sex; (3) net migration by age and sex.
Results: Immigration in response to strong labour demand has continued post GFC. From July 2011 to July 2016, employment in Australia increased by 738,800. Immigrants accounted for 613,400 of the total increase, population growth 98,900 and changes in employment participation only 26,500. Migration has had a very large effect on the age structure of employment with most new immigrant workers (595,300) being under 55 years.
Conclusions: Research indicates that immigration provides major benefits to the Australian economy. However, as strong labour demand is likely to sustain migration at relatively high levels in coming years, it is incumbent upon governments to plan for the effects of rapid population growth on infrastructure and resources.
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Kirchengast, Tyrone. "Victim legal representation and the adversarial criminal trial: A critical analysis of proposals for third-party counsel for complainants of serious sexual violence." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 25, no. 1 (January 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712720983931.
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The past several decades have witnessed a shift toward victim interests being considered and incorporated within adversarial systems of justice. More recently, some jurisdictions have somewhat contentiously considered granting sex offences complainants’ legal representation at trial. In Australia, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Abuse (2017), the Royal Commission into Family Violence (2016) and the Victorian Law Reform Commission (2016) considered the potential role of legal counsel for complainants in the criminal trial process. While contrasting quite significantly with the traditional adversarial framework—which sees crime as contested between state and accused—legal representation for complainants is not unprecedented, and victims may already retain counsel for limited matters. Despite broader use of victim legal representation in the United States, Ireland and Scotland, and as recently considered by the Sir John Gillen Review in Northern Ireland, legal representation for sex offences complainants is only just developing in Australia. Notwithstanding recent reference to legal representation for complainants where sexual history or reputational evidence may be adduced, there exists no sufficient guidance as to how such representation may be integrated in the Australian criminal trial context. This article explores the implications of introducing such counsel in Australia, including the possible role of non-legal victim advocates.
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Nathania, Christina, and Megahnanda Alidyan K. "An Analysis of Australia’s Foreign Policy through its Domestic Factors to Combat Child Sex Tourism in Project Childhood." ARISTO 11, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v11i1.5318.
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2010 was the year Australia initiated and signed Project Childhood, a grant and partnership to protect children from sexual exploitation due to travel and tourism. Four countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, are in a sub-region where child sex tourism occurs a lot. The phenomenon of transnational borders will involve sending country as the country of traveling child sex offenders, and receiving country for victims coordinates to make serious law enforcement regarding this issue. In formulating foreign policy, domestic factors are one way of looking at why Australia provides funding, assistance, and initiate international cooperation to combat child sex tourism in GMS. Through this research, the authors will explain the domestic factors that influence Australia in initiating Project Childhood as its foreign policy, using domestic determinants as the level of analysis. Then, it will be divided into 3 sub-determinants, they are; highly stable, demonstrating an Australian responsibility for TCSO originating in the country. This is related to one of the demographic components that cause migration problems. Moderately stable, in relation to the domestic reforms that are actively being carried out in the context of enforcing the extraterritoriality. The last, unstable, the factor of public opinion which also has played an important role so that the government gives attention to this phenomenon
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Heman Contreras, Arturo, Leonor Lega, Monica O´Kelly, Mark J. Friedman, Joshua Feinberg, and Erika Kedding. "Preliminary factor analysis of the O’Kelly Women Beliefs Scale in a US sample." Universitas Psychologica 11, no. 2 (November 2, 2011): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-2.pfao.
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Using a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy framework, the O’Kelly Women Beliefs Scale (O’Kelly, in press) was originally constructed in Australia to measure sex-role beliefs women may develop through sex-role stereotyping. Factor analysis of the 92 original items showed that 64 items loaded into a single component that accounted for 18.2% of the variance in a sample of 974 Australian women. The present exploratory study examined the psychometric properties of the OWBS in a sample of 202 women born and living in the US. A varimax rotation with cutoff eigenvalues of 3, showed that 37 items loaded into 3 components which accounted for 58.48% of the variance. The items were subsequently grouped into two factors: Irrationality, with a total of 27 items was created by merging component 1 and 3 (Pearson’s r = 0.8 between them), and Rationality, with the 10 items from component 2. Analyses indicated a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 for Factor 1, and a Cronbach’s alpha 0.74 for Factor 2. Results indicate that this version of the instrument may be used to evaluate both the rational and irrational content of sex-role beliefs of women born in the US.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Johnson, D. H. "Masculinities in rural Australia : gender, culture, and environment /." Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030409.155513/index.html.
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Buttsworth, Sara. "Body count : the politics of representing the gendered body in combat in Australia and the United States." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0023.
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This thesis is an exploration of the construction of the gendered body in combat in the late twentieth century, in Australia and the United States of America. While it is not a military history, aspects of military history, and representations of war and warriors are used as the vehicle for the analysis of the politics of representing gender. The mythic, the material and the media(ted) body of the gendered warrior are examined in the realms of ‘real’ military histories and news coverage, and in the ‘speculative’ arena of popular culture. Through this examination, the continuities and ruptures inherent in the gendered narratives of war and warriors are made apparent, and the operation of the politics of representing gender in the public arena is exposed. I have utilised a number of different approaches from different disciplines in the construction of this thesis: feminist and non-feminist responses to women in the military; aspects of military histories and mythologies of war specific to Australia and the United States; theories on the construction of masculinities and femininities; approaches to gender identity in popular news media, film and television. Through these approaches I have sought to bring together the history of women in the military institutions of Australia and the United States, and examine the nexus between the expansion of women’s military roles and the emergence of the female warrior hero in popular culture. I have, as a result, analysed the constructions of masculinity and femininity that inform the ongoing association of the military with ‘quintessential masculinity’, and deconstructed the real and the mythic corporeal capacities of the gendered body so important to warrior identity. Regardless, or perhaps because of, the importance of gender politics played out in and through the representations of soldier identity, all their bodies must be considered speculative.
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Jose, Jim. "Sexing the subject : the politics of sex education in South Australian State Schools, 1900-1990 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj828.pdf.
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Holubowycz, Oksana T. "An Australian study of alcohol dependence in women : the significance of sex role identity, life event stress, social support, and other factors." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh7585.pdf.
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Harrison, Scott D., and n/a. "Musical Participation By Boys: The Role of Gender in the Choice of Musical Activities By Males in Australian Schools." Griffith University. Queensland Conservatorium, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040528.142148.
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This thesis seeks to examine the relationship between gender and musical participation by boys. The problem of males' non-participation in certain musical activities has been the subject of research for many years. This thesis considers some of the issues in relation to this phenomenon. The notion of gender is discussed. Historical and contemporary perspectives in stereotyping are investigated to determine the extent of the problem, with a view to enhancing the experience of boys in musical endeavours. There are no studies of this nature in existence in Australia and the existing research from other western cultures, while providing some basis, cannot be directly applied to this setting. Furthermore, existing studies have not brought about significant change in the gender order in music education. This project seeks to address these shortcomings. Masculinity in Australia is examined, with particular emphasis on the effects of hegemonic masculinity on those who do not fit this stereotype. Issues of bullying, depression and suicide are addressed. Empirical and sociological studies are re-examined in the light of more recent thought on the subject, particularly with regard to the possible causes of non-participation in singing and playing of certain instruments. The extent to which stereotyping of musical activities exists in Australian schools is reviewed through a series of studies of participation and literature. A number of subjects are interviewed to discover some of the reasons behind the choice of particular instruments. The thesis concludes with some perspectives arising from recent case studies of schools that have, to some extent, overcome some of the gender issues raised in earlier discussion. Constructs of masculinity and femininity effect musical participation in Australian schools and the extent of this effect is examined in this thesis.
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Bouse, Kirstin Leigh. "Community attitudes and the role of the victim offender relationship in child sexual abuse cases." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1364.
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Past research has illustrated that communily attitudes tend not to be reflected in crime legislation particularly when considering the victim-offender relationship and perceived seriousness of child sexual abuse. This study examined the effects of 4 different victimoffender relationships and the degree of trust within these relationships on perceptions of offence seriousness and emotional and physical harm, for the offence of indecently dealing with a 14-year old girl. One hundred and sixty community members used a 7- point scale to rate the degree of trust within these relationships, the seriousness of the offence and the emotional and physical harm suffered by the victim. Four two-way ANOVAs and one correlation were perfonned. Results showed that the victim-offender relationship failed to influence perceptions of offence seriousness, emotional and physical harm. Although the ratings of trust differed across the 4 relationship types, trust failed to significantly influence perceptions of offence seriousness, emotional and physical harm. Women were found to rate the offence as more serious and harmful than men. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
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Ross-Smith, Anne. "Women who manage women's experience as managers in contemporary Australian organisations : implications for the discourse of management and organisation(s) /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/26116.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 1999.Bibliography: leaves 353-372.
Introduction and thesis overview -- A clarification of how common terms and key concepts within managerial and organisational discourse are interpreted within the thesis -- Theoretical and philosophical concerns: gender and the discourse of management and organisation(s) -- Contextualising the research: an overview of social, political, economic/business organisational conditions in contemporary Australia and review of literature germane to the empirical research studies -- Research methodology, judgement criteria and framework for analysis and representation -- Women managers: day to day managerial work and behaviour: ethnographic/participant observation studies -- Women's perceptions of their experience as managers: the interview studies -- Conclusions and thesis summary.
This thesis investigates the managerial experience of senior women in contemporary Australian public and private sector organisations and explores the implications this investigation has in relation to the discourse of management and organisation(s). -- The thesis proposes that although women have gained a presence in the ranks of senior management in the last twenty years, they continue to remain marginal to the discourse of management and organisation(s). The reason for this, it is argued, is because of the preoccupation this discourse has with conceptions of rationality and masculinity. This proposition is elaborated in the thesis by tracing the philosophical and sociological interpretations of reason and rationality from ancient Greek philosophy to its embodiment in the contemporary discourse of management and organisation(s). -- Whether for biological, social or psychological reasons, it can be argued that men and women are 'different'. A further proposition, therefore, is that they will have a 'different' experience as managers. On the basis of this proposal, the thesis evaluates contemporary theories of gender and sexual difference, but stops short of defining 'difference' specifically with regard to women's experience as managers. Instead, it allows the empirical research to determine what it is that constitutes 'difference' in such a context. -- The empirical component of the thesis seeks to develop an understanding of how senior women managers in contemporary Australian organisations both experience and interpret their experience in management. This is achieved by the use of two different, but complementary studies. Using an ethnographic/participant observation case study approach, the first of these investigates the day to day managerial activities, over time, of two senior women managers, one from the private and one from the public sector. The second component of the empirical research involves as series of in depth interviews with forty senior women managers in Australian public and private sector organisations, together with a small number of interviews with their immediate superiors and subordinates, and observation, by the researcher, of their workplaces. The location of the empirical research in the late 20th century, some twenty years or so after women started to enter the ranks of management in Australia, allows for a reflection on women's progress in management in this country during this period. It also allows for contemporary social and organisational conditions in Australia to be a consideration in evaluating the research participant's managerial experience. The thesis, therefore, links the empirical research findings to Australian literature and research on women and management, current social trends in this country, characteristics of the Australian business culture, Australian managementand the Australian manager.
The research framework utilised in the thesis is informed by critical, feminist and postmodern approaches to organisational analysis. For this reason the Deetz (1994) schema, which defines organisational reserch from the perspective of four differing discursive spaces - dialog, critical, interpretive and normative is utilised to locate the research orientation of the empirical studies. This schema recognises that overlap between the four discursive spaces is possible and thus can accommodate insights from each of the above mentioned approaches, as well as areas of overlap between them. -- The principal research findings suggest, in summary, that women in senior management in Australia largely conform to the traditional (masculine) norms that are deeply embedded in the discourse of management and organisation(s) and in managerial practice, yet at the same time, they consider themselves to be 'different'. A feminist interpretation of Social Contract theory, together with a feminist analysis of Foucault's (1988) notion of an 'ethics' of the self and the link between this notion and non essentialist feminist theory are used in the discussion of the empirical research findings to construct an interpretation of 'difference' as it applies to women's managerial experience. -- The contribution to knowledge in the field of organisational analysis that the thesis seeks to make includes: adding new grounded empirical research whcih uses alternative approaches to organisational understanding; providing a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical and sociological underpinnings of the relationship between management, rationality and masculinity; providing a platform for future policy development and organisational practice, and adding a perspective on contemporary managerial practice and organisation conditions against which to gauge classical studies of managerial work and behaviour. -- Finally, the thesis can also be seen to provide additional insights into recent critiques of essentialist feminsit theory and the 'feminisation of management'/female advantage literature.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 376, [9] leaves
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Godinho, Sally. "The portrayal of gender in the Children's Book Council of Australia honour and award books, 1981-1993." Connect to this title online, 1996. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000337/.
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McCoy, Brian Francis. "Kanyirninpa : health, masculinity and wellbeing of desert Aboriginal men." Access full text, 2004. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2416.
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Kanyirninpa, or holding, exists as a deeply embedded value amongst desert Aboriginal peoples (Puntu). It is disclosed as authority with nurturance, where older generations assume the responsibility to care for and look after younger people. Kanyirninpa also holds in balance two other key cultural patterns of desert life, autonomy and relatedness. These values are transmitted across generations where they provide desert society with identity, cohesion and strength. While kanyirninpa can be identified in the nurturance provided a child after birth, its presence and power is particularly disclosed at ceremonial time. Here, the meanings of the ancestral tjukurrpa (dreaming) are celebrated and renewed. Desert society is reproduced as the deeper, social and cosmic meanings around ngurra (land), walytja (family) and tjukurrpa are gathered, ritualised and re-enacted. The older generations of men and women enable this holding to occur. When boys (marnti) become men (wati) the manner of kanyirninpa changes. No longer do young men seek to be held by their mothers and female relations. Instead, they seek to be held by older men: brothers, uncles and other males. By holding them older men induct younger men into the social meanings and behaviours of desert, male adulthood. A generative and generational male praxis is disclosed.
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Scott, Margaret. "Engendering loyalties: the construction of masculinities, feminities and national identities in South Australian secondary schools, 1880-1919 : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs4281.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Dempsey, Kenneth. Inequalities in marriage: Australia and beyond. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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Teaching gender: Sex education and sex stereotypes. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988.
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Szirom, Tricia. Teaching gender?: Sex education and sexual stereotypes. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988.
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Acker, Elizabeth Van. Different voices: Gender and politics in Australia. South Yarra: Macmillan Education Australia, 1998.
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Delys, Bird, Were Wendy, and White Terri-ann 1959-, eds. Future imaginings: Sexualities and genders in the new millennium. Crawley, W.A: University of Western Australia Press for the Westerly Centre, 2003.
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Meyer, L. A. The Wake of the Lorelei Lee: Being an Account of the Adventures of Jacky Faber, on her Way to Botany Bay (Bloody Jack #8). Boston: Harcourt, 2010.
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Fighting women: Anger and aggression in Aboriginal Australia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
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Schaffer, Kay. Women and the bush: Australian national identity and representations of the feminine. London: Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, 1989.
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Schaffer, Kay. Women and the bush: Forces of desire in the Australian cultural tradition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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The gendered newsroom: How journalists experience the changing world of media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Romero-Ruiz, Maria Isabel. "Trans-National Neo-Victorianism, Gender and Vulnerability in Kate Grenville’s The Secret River (2005)." In Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_9.
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AbstractThe British Empire has become a new trope in neo-Victorian studies, incorporating a postcolonial trans-national approach to the re-writing of the Victorian past. Kate Grenville’s novel The Secret River is set in Australia in the early nineteenth century when issues of transportation and colonisation coalesce with the fight for survival under precarious conditions. The Secret River is the story of the confrontation between colonisers and colonised people in terms of gender and vulnerability. This chapter analyses the role of Empire in the construction of a British identity associated with civilisation and that of the native population. Following Judith Butler’s theories, my discussion is organised around two main topics: Australian history and narratives of recollection, and gender identity and vulnerability both in white settlers and indigenous communities. My contention is that both sides became involved in a relationship of mutual vulnerability.
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Frydenberg, Erica, and Denis Muller. "SEL Approaches that Have Worked: A Case Study of the Role of Formative Evaluation." In Social and Emotional Learning in Australia and the Asia-Pacific, 371–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3394-0_20.
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Boyd, Candice P. "Creating the ‘Finding Home’ Exhibition." In Exhibiting Creative Geographies, 31–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6752-8_3.
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AbstractAfter considering the nature and role of creative co-production in research contexts, Boyd describes the processes involved in producing artworks for the ‘Finding Home’ exhibition based on research findings from the Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study. Commencing with work produced by some of the study’s participants, Boyd moves on to discuss the commissioning of a set of textile works and a contemporary Aboriginal artwork for the exhibition. The chapter is interwoven with a description of Boyd’s own artworks as an artist-geographer, produced in response but also in sympathy with the rest of the exhibition as it emerged. The chapter concludes with some first-hand reflections on curating a research exhibition.
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Dick, Thomas. "Decolonising Labour Markets: The Australian South Sea Island Diaspora and the Role of Cultural Expression in Connecting Communities." In Current Issues in Transitional Justice, 111–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09390-1_5.
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Anderson, Peter, Levon Blue, Thu Pham, and Melanie Saward. "Academic Practices: Current Strategies to Attract and Retain Indigenous Higher Degree by Research Students in Australia." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 11–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5178-7_2.
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AbstractThe number of Indigenous higher degree by research (HDR) students has increased steadily over the past decade. Support for Indigenous students from the Australian government, universities and Indigenous Support Units has been documented in Australian higher education. Unfortunately, a range of barriers continue to hinder Indigenous HDR students to completion in their research journey. Presented in this book chapter is the literature review of barriers, including lack of academic skill set and research skills to pursue a research degree program, lack of social and academic support for Indigenous HDR students, the student—supervisor relationship issues and challenges relating to health, family and community responsibilities. Simultaneously, our review identified current strategies and initiatives to retain Indigenous HDR students in their research degree programs and to support them to completion, highlighting the roles of the Indigenous Postgraduate Support Officer and the National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network. This review, we suggest, should move further to analyse the effectiveness of current strategies and initiatives provided for Indigenous HDR students in detail to inform Indigenous students of the available support resources and how to access to these resources.
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Tomaszewski, Wojtek, Francisco Perales, Ning Xiang, and Matthias Kubler. "Differences in Higher Education Access, Participation and Outcomes by Socioeconomic Background: A Life Course Perspective." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 133–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_7.
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AbstractThe intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status is driven to a significant extent through parents with higher socio-economic status providing advantages to their children as they move through the education system. At the same time, attainment of higher education credentials constitutes an important pathway for upwards social mobility among individuals from low socio-economic family backgrounds. Given the critical importance of higher education for socio-economic outcomes of children, this chapter focuses on young people’s journeys into and out of university. Drawing on the life course approach and opportunity pluralism theory, we present a conceptual model of the university student life cycle that splits individuals’ higher education trajectories into three distinct stages: access, participation and post-participation. Using this model as a guiding framework, we present a body of recent Australian evidence on differences in pathways through the higher education system among individuals from low and high socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds. In doing so, we pay attention to factors such as family material circumstances, students’ school experiences and post-school plans, and parental education and expectations—all of which constitute important barriers to access, participation and successful transitions out of higher education for low SES students. Overall, our results indicate that socio-economic background plays a significant role in shaping outcomes at various points of individual’s educational trajectories. This is manifested by lower chances amongst low-SES individuals to access and participate in higher education, and to find satisfying and secure employment post-graduation. Our findings bear important implications for educational and social policy.
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Brooks, Thom. "Why Test for Citizenship?" In Reforming the UK's Citizenship Test, 9–22. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529218527.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the historical origins of the UK’s citizenship test. These origins drew inspiration from Australia, which had decided to base its future test, in part, on shared Australian values. Similarly, the UK launched several reports into shared British values – and shared public institutions – to set the scene for these playing a central role in a future test.
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Witcomb, Andrea. "Curating relations between ‘us’ and ‘them’: the changing role of migration museums in Australia1." In Curatopia, 262–78. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526118196.003.0017.
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Australia’s first Migration Museum in Adelaide recognised from its inception in 1986, that representing migration history could not be done without acknowledging its intimate association with colonisation and the dispossession of indigenous people. Their first move therefore, was to create a distinction between all migrants, a category that included British ‘settlers’, and Indigenous Australians. This was significant not only because it implicated colonisation within migration history but because it made all non-Indigenous Australians migrants. The move though, was not easy to establish, largely because, in the public imagination, migrants were the other to mainstream or ‘British Australia’. In the mid-1990s, however, it seemed to work as Australia was indeed seen as a country that was relatively successful in integrating various waves of migration into its historical narratives while valuing cultural diversity and recognising the prior occupation of the land by Aboriginal people. The ‘War on terror’, the arrival of asylum seekers and the threat of internal terrorist attacks, along with changes in immigration policy and a general climate of fear has changed that, and migration museums are now working to combat a new wave of racism. To do so, I argue, they have developed a new set of curatorial strategies that aim to facilitate an exploration of the complexity of contemporary forms of identity. This chapter provides a history of the development of curatorial strategies that have helped to change the ways in which relations between ‘us and them’ have changed over the years in response to changes in the wider public discourse. My focus will be on both collecting and display practices, from changes to what is collected and how it is displayed, to the changing role of personal stories, the relationship between curators and the communities they work with, and the role of exhibition design in structuring the visitor experience.
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Lisa Burton, Crawford, and Goldsworthy Jeffrey. "Part III Themes, Ch.15 Constitutionalism." In The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198738435.003.0016.
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This chapter explains how constitutionalism developed and how it currently operates in Australia. It first explains the historical developments whereby Australia combined elements of the British and American models of constitutionalism, which employ legal and political constitutionalism in very different ways. The chapter then describes three main stages in the development of Australian constitutionalism. The first was the establishment in the nineteenth century of colonial Constitutions, which employed a predominantly political form of constitutionalism and, upon federation in 1900, became the Constitutions of the six Australian States. The second was the establishment of the Commonwealth Constitution in 1900, which necessarily blended elements of political and legal constitutionalism. The third consists of more recent innovations by the High Court that have expanded the role of legal constitutionalism. Each development has built on its predecessor, resulting in a distinctive combination of political and legal constitutionalism.
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Gerard, Carney. "Part II Constitutional Domain, Ch.12 State Constitutions." In The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198738435.003.0013.
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This chapter explores the peculiar role and status of the State Constitutions in Australia: how they provide for the constitutional system of each State, the extent to which they operate as superior law, and the relationship they have with the Commonwealth Constitution. The Constitutions of the six Australian States are less well known than the Australian Constitution, although their history is longer and their existence is fundamental to the Australian constitutional order. Their most significant feature is that they exist as legal instruments separate from the Australian Constitution. Pre-existing the Australian Constitution as the Constitutions of the colonial forebears of the States, they were retained ‘as is’ upon federation, except in so far as they were qualified by the Australian Constitution in order to create the federal system. No change was imposed, however, on the substance or structure of the new State Constitutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati, and Nurul Kurniati. "Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27.
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Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: yustikarahmawati068@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27
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Joseph, Epoupa Mengou, Gambaro Chiara, Alessi Andrea, Terenzi Andrea, Vecchione Michela, Binaschi Marco, Di Salvo Salvatore R, and Norma Anglani. "A Case-Study for the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in an Offshore Platform by the Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources Through Innovative Technologies Coupled with Energy Storage." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207864-ms.
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Abstract Energy storage is entering in the energy distribution supply chain due to the global goal of achieving carbon neutrality in human activities, especially those related to energy production. Renewable energies integrated with energy storage play an important role in this framework [1]. The purpose of the study is to evaluate through simulations the impact of new renewable energy technologies in a microgrid to minimize fossil fuels consumption. The case study considers a hybrid microgrid including: a gas microturbine, organic photovoltaic panels (OPV), a point absorber wave energy converter, a vanadium redox flow battery and a load. The microgrid is placed in an offshore hydrocarbon plant near the northern coast of Australia. Firstly, Australian meteorological data have been studied and three seasons identified (named ST1, ST2 and ST3). Then a correlation has been established between meteorological data and OPVs performances, analyzing data collected on OPVs panels installed. This relationship has been used to assess OPVs potential production at the site of interest. Similar correlation was made between the performances of a wave energy converter placed in the Adriatic Sea and the wave power matrix, to determine a suitable power data reference for the potential production of a wave energy converter to the Australian coast. Finally, the behavior of the microgrid was modeled. Different scenarios have been considered and the best one with optimal meteorological conditions enables lead to drastically decrease of the use of gas micro turbine resulting in lowest CO2 emissions. In fact, the consumption of natural gas has been summarized as follow: Season 1 (ST1): during this season the load is entirely fed by the renewable sources and by the battery, with consequent zeroing of the daily consumption of natural gas. Season 2(ST2): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 10.73 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 987.16 Sm3/ ST2 (accounting for 92 days). Season 3(ST3): the battery is charged from 09:00am to 07:00pm with the exceeding power from the renewable sources. This configuration involves a daily natural gas consumption of 6.58 Sm3/d, which is equivalent to 1006.74 Sm3/ ST3 (accounting for 120 days). The avoided CO2 emissions are 2062 tons/year. This case study showed how the new renewable technologies, such as organic photovoltaics and wave energy converter, coupled with a long duration storage system, can be conveniently applied in sites with limited space for the decarbonization purpose of an offshore platform.
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Salmon, Duncan, Simon Dick, and Yuriy Zhupikov. "People Development - Holistic Approach to Leadership & Development." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210868-ms.
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Abstract In 2020 the Australian Institute of Management conducted a Leadership Survey and the "most important finding was that poor leadership is a major contributing factor to employee attrition." "75.55 % of respondents stated that they had left an organisation in their last three roles because of the leadership team, their direct manager, or a combination of both. Nearly half (42.32%) had left more than one of their previous roles." We can clearly see that "poor leadership will simply not be tolerated by employees, and this is a rising trend."
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Lyons, Ariel, Mahdi Sheikh Veisi, Amir Salehpour, Cinto Azwar, Shameed Ashraf, Lynden Duthie, and Steven Marshall. "Cementing the First Australian Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage Appraisal Well." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31562-ms.
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Abstract Analysis has consistently shown that carbon capture and storage (CCS) has an important role in meeting emission-reduction targets (IPCC, 2018). CCS wells require special design considerations to ensure long-term zonal isolation when exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) because a complex set of chemical reactions leads to carbonation and dissolution of conventional cement sheaths. Several studies conducted into the long-term stability of different cement systems when exposed to wet supercritical CO2 and CO2-saturated water showed that the novel CO2- resistant cement system provides enduring zonal isolation. Properties investigated included permeability, porosity, mass evolution, CO2 degradation front, and compressive strength. Given its superior mechanical properties, the novel CO2-resistant cement system was selected for use in the first Australian offshore CCS Gular-1 appraisal well. To ensure that the blend characteristics of the novel CO2-resistant cement system remained optimal, a stringent quality-control procedure was developed. The blend management process, supported by rigorous laboratory testing, covered the complete lifecycle of the blend. This lifecycle extended from sourcing chemical components, to blending the components in a bulk plant, to transporting the blend across land and sea, and ultimately, preparing the slurry mixing. By adhering to the project management process, all primary cement jobs were successfully performed without incident using conventional cementing equipment and practices. The novel approach of blending the product locally at a fit-for-purpose facility reduced costs compared with previous methods of importing a preblended product prepared at a special centralized facility. Blend homogeneity was maintained during transfer from a sea vessel to the jackup rig, with minimal change in density between samples received from the bulk plant and samples received from the rig. This blending, which verified the initial blend flow capability and the robustness tests performed at a regional laboratory using specialized equipment, concluded the blend is suitable for offshore operations. Selection of a suitable cement system to ensure long-term zonal isolation will prove essential to the continuing expansion of the CO2 injection market. Through this offshore CCS appraisal project, valuable best practices and lessons learned in design and execution have been captured. This paper presents the decision process used for selecting a suitable CO2-resistant cement system for Australia's first offshore CCS appraisal well, drilled by AGR as part of the CarbonNet Project in late 2019, as well as the project management processes implemented to ensure successful job execution. The experiences detailed in this paper will benefit other operators confronted by challenges associated with wells subjected to CO2 injection.
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Beutel, Denise, and Donna Tangen. "The intercultural competence of preservice teachers: An exploratory study." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.7947.
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This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study that explored the impact that prior intercultural experiences have in shaping preservice teachers as teachers of diversity. An online qualitative questionnaire was used to collect data from preservice teachers (n=40) enrolled in a one year graduate entry teacher education program in eastern Australia. Hammer’s (2009, 2011) Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC) was used as a framework to analyse the data. The IDC is a model of intercultural competence used to explain how people interpret cultural difference (Hammer, Bennett & Wiseman, 2003). Each of the five positions on the continuum has a distinct set of perceptions and experiences around cultural differences. In presenting the results, we draw on several cases that encompass the breadth of prior intercultural experiences of the preservice teachers. Overall, the results indicate that sustained intercultural engagement over time provides opportunity for the development of greater intercultural sensitivity. While it is advocated that teacher education is well-positioned to play a key role in developing the intercultural comptetences of future teachers, the paper highlights the challenges in providing learning opportunities that allow preservice teachers to practice new ideas, challenge old ideas and reflect on the process of becoming inclusive educators.
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Harper, Glenn. "Becoming Ultra-Civic: The Completion of Queen’s Square, Sydney 1962-1978." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4009pijuv.
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Declaring in the late 1950s that Sydney City was in much need of a car free civic square, Professor Denis Winston, Australia’s first chair in town and country planning at the University of Sydney, was echoing a commonly held view on how to reconfigure the city for a modern-day citizen. Queen’s Square, at the intersection of Macquarie Street and Hyde Park, first conceived in 1810 by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, remained incomplete until 1978 when it was developed as a pedestrian only plaza by the NSW Government Architect under a different set of urban intentions. By relocating the traffic bound statue of Queen Victoria (1888) onto the plaza and demolishing the old Supreme Court complex (1827), so that nearby St James’ Church (1824) could becoming freestanding alongside a new multi-storey Commonwealth Supreme Court building (1975), by the Sydney-based practise of McConnel Smith and Johnson, the civic and social ambition of this pedestrian space was assured. Now somewhat overlooked in the history of Sydney’s modern civic spaces, the adjustment in the design of this square during the 1960s translated the reformed urban design agenda communicated in CIAM 8, the heart of the city (1952), a post-war treatise developed and promoted by the international architect and polemicist, Josep Lluis Sert. This paper examines the completion of Queen’s Square in 1978. Along with the symbolic role of the project, that is, to provide a plaza as a social instrument in humanising the modern-day city, this project also acknowledged the city’s colonial settlement monuments beside a new law court complex; and in a curious twist in fate, involving curtailing the extent of the proposed plaza so that the colonial Supreme Court was retained, the completion of Queen’s Square became ultra – civic.
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Smith, P., and W. Biggs. "Securing interoperable and integrated command and control of unmanned systems – validating the UK MAPLE architecture." In Engine As A Weapon International Symposium VIII. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-8171.2019.007.
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Unmanned and autonomous systems have a key role to play in delivering future maritime capability, where this requires an appropriate command and control (C2) architecture to operate a heterogeneous mix of unmanned systems. The UK has made significant progress over the last 5 years in developing such an information architecture known as MAPLE (Maritime Autonomous PLatform Exploitation), as a result the integration of new unmanned systems into MAPLE has become relatively straightforward. The programme has seen its architecture iteratively developed and tested, both in live and synthetic events, most recently in Australia in late 2018 as part of a 5 eyes Autonomy Strategic Challenge. As the fourth phase of MAPLE comes to a conclusion, this paper will underline the progress that has been made in prototyping a solution that has successfully achieved stressing goals around planning, tasking, in mission control and exploitation of multiple heterogeneous unmanned systems. The paper will explore how Phase 4 has also leveraged its open architecture approach and wider research and development into manned-unmanned teaming and automated policy management, giving end users more flexibility and control in terms of vehicle tasking, whilst building overall system trust. As part of this wider focus, Phase 4 has featured an integral focus on concept development, human factors and the non-functional aspects, notably security and safety, all key to the eventual fielding of a MAPLE like capability. The paper will set out specific achievements in these areas and highlights from the final MAPLE 4 demonstrations in May 2019, set out thinking on the next phase, towards implementation, and conclude with a look at a number of MAPLE spin-out projects.
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محمد عيدي, جاسم. "Psychlogical Counseling Styles and Their Techniques in Coping with Genocide Victims." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/28.
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"Abstract Genocide has affected human societies since ancient times, and in the modern era the genocide is a global phenomenon: from the massacres in colonial America, Africa and Australia.. to the Holocaust of European Jews and mass death in Maoist China, Cambodia, Palestine and Burma, and in our Iraqi reality there are what is known as the Anfal, Halabja and the genocide of the people of Marshes, Speicher and Sinjar are examples for the genocide in our country, and in recent years the system of genocide studies has developed to provide analysis and understanding of the phenomenon and an understanding of the psychology of violence as well as the development of counseling and psychological assistance for survivors within the psychology of genocide survivors, and since psychological counseling as an applied branch of psychology it contributes to helping individuals survivors of the horror of the genocide.. to see and realize their psychological strength and resilience and to invest the best options, resources and opportunities available to them (Gladding, 1996). Therefore, the current research comes to review a number of counseling styles and their techniques with the victims of genocide, and their role in overcoming the painful experiences of extermination to which these individuals were exposed. The research concludes with a number of conclusions and suggestions in making the support and assistance necessity and higher value imposed by human, ethical and religious considerations. The research also recommends to adopt a national strategy that the state has to adopt in most of its institutions in establishing support and assistance centers for victims of genocide. "
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Winarna, Nuristy Brillian Ainindyahsari, and Andari Wuri Astuti. "First-Time Advisory Experience of Husbands During Labor Time of Pregnancy: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.66.
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ABSTRACT Background: Mothers experienced enormous physical and emotional changes, especially during childbirth. Birth support role of husbands reassured both husband and wife about labor and birth. This study aimed to review the first-time advisory experience of husbands during labor time of primigravida wife. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and grey literature through Google Scholar search engine databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles in peer-reviewed journals published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 543,111 articles were obtained by the searched database. After the review process, six articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Six articles from developed countries (Australia, Sweden, Singapore, Israel, and England) met the inclusion criteria with qualitative and quantitative (cross-sectional) studies. Three main aspects discussed were support, challenges, and psychological conditions of experience of husbands during labor time of pregnancy. Support of husbands was identified as physical and moral. Challenges faced by husbands included lack of preparedness, knowledge, and encouragement from health care professionals. Psychological conditions of satisfaction and concern were found in husbands’ transition to fatherhood. Conclusion: Responsibility, emotion, experience, and barrier of husbands are related to maternal health problems. Better involvement of fathers will be able to enhance better quality of relationships and family health through understanding, experience, and assistance, especially in the childbirth process. Keywords: advisory, husbands, experience, labor, pregnancy Correspondence: Nuristy Brillian Ainindyahsari Winarna. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ring Road Barat) No 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: nuristybrillian02@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285338800207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.66
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Budimir, Vjekoslav, Helene Lanter, and Sascha Schultes. "GUARD - smart flexible protection systems against natural hazards." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1493.
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Flexible steel protection systems against natural hazards are difficult to access in mountainous areas and inherently become difficult to monitor and maintain over the years. Many small-scale events, such as rock-fall below the service energy limit (SEL) defined by the EAD 340059-00-0106 or debris flows under the maximum impact pressure of the net, acc. to EAD 340020-00-0106, go unnoticed, but the repetition of several events into a protection system still needs regular maintenance to guarantee full performance in case the design event occurs. Furthermore, experience has shown that the corrosion can vary strongly in small localised areas and lead to unpleasant surprises. Therefore, the understanding of microclimates favorable to the corrosion process needs to improve. A newly developed IoT device, called GUARD, was developed aiming to provide monitoring of flexible steel protection systems. It is equipped, amongst others, with a rope force sensor and an accelerometer. The second target of the device is to pass from repair and pre-ventive maintenance to the concept of predictive maintenance by evaluating the local corrosivity and the associated lifetime of the protection system with a specially developed corrosion sensor. These sensors have been deployed over the past years on 40 sites in 13 countries in Europe. Even many flexible protection barriers are equipped with GUARD in North America, Hawaii, Australia and New Zealand. This contribution aims to highlight the monitoring with the GUARD and the inspection concept that can be developed from it, with a highlight on the data collected so far.
Reports on the topic "Sex role – Australia"
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Landolt, Peter, Ezra Dunkelblum, Robert R. Heath, and Moshe Kehat. Host Plant Chemical Mediation of Heliothis Reproductive Behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7568753.bard.
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Phytophagous insects respond to chemicals from their host plants in a number of ways, including orientation or attraction in response to volatiles produced by plants. Orientation to odors from host plants may occur in order to locate food, mates, or oviposition sites. A detailed understanding of these behaviors are the chemical stimuli evoking them may provide useful means for attracting and trapping insect pests of crop plants. Heliothine moths (Helicoverpa and Heliothis herein) include a number of major pests of cultivated crop plants throughout the world. In North America, these include Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea. In much of Eurasia (including Israel) Australia, and Africa, these include Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa peltigera. These 4 species of concern all are attracted to odorants from host plants (Tingle and Mitchell 2992, Mitchell et al 1991, 1992 BARD feasibility study report). Host plant chemicals also play a role in the sexual behavior of Helicoverpa species. Synthesis and possibly release of sex pheromone in H. zea and H. phloxiphaga is stimulated by kairomones from hosts plants (Raina 1988, 1992). Pheromona scent marking on host plants also occurs in H. virescens and H. zea. Studies of several other insects, including the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, have a variety of other behaviors may occur in association with host plants, including the use of plants as sexual rendesvous sites and of direct involvement of plant chemicals in sexual behavior. Some pest species of moths also may use host plants as adult food sources. These studies were undertaken to develop a more thorough understanding of how Heliothis/Helicoverpa moths use host plant odorants to locate and select foods, mates, and oviposition sites. We used Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea in Florida, and Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa peltigera in Israel as objects of study because of their pest status. It is hoped that such an understanding will provide direction for work to discover and develop novel means to control these pests through behavioral manipulation. The specific objectives of the proposal were to 1) identify host odor affects on known Heliothine sexual behavior, 2) identify novel sexual behavior that is how dependent, 3) isolate and characterize host kairomones important to pest Heliothine host and mate-location behavior, and 4) investigate female attraction to males.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Elizur, Abigail, Amir Sagi, Gideon Hulata, Clive Jones, and Wayne Knibb. Improving Crustacean Aquaculture Production Efficiencies through Development of Monosex Populations Using Endocrine and Molecular Manipulations. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613890.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background Most of Australian prawn aquaculture production is based on P. monodon. However, the Australian industry is under intense competition from lower priced overseas imports. The availability of all-female monosex populations, by virtue of their large size and associated premium prize, will offer competitive advantage to the industry which desperately needs to counteract competitors within this market. As for the redclaw production in Israel, although it is at its infancy, the growers realized that the production of males is extremely advantageous and that such management strategy will change the economic assumptions and performances of this aquaculture to attract many more growers. Original objectives (as in original proposal) Investigating the sex inheritance mechanism in the tiger prawn. Identification of genes expressed uniquely in the androgenic gland (AG) of prawns and crayfish. The above genes and/or their products will be used to localize the AG in the prawn and manipulate the AG activity in both species. Production of monosex populations through AG manipulation. In the prawn, production of all-female populations and in the crayfish, all-male populations. Achievements In the crayfish, the AG cDNA library was further screened and a third AG specific transcript, designated Cq-AG3, had been identified. Simultaneously the two AG specific genes, which were previously identified, were further characterized. Tissue specificity of one of those genes, termed Cq-AG2, was demonstrated by northern blot hybridization and RNA in-situ hybridization. Bioinformatics prediction, which suggested a 42 amino acid long signal anchor at the N-terminus of the deduced Cq-AG2, was confirmed by immunolocalization of a recombinant protein. Cq-IAG's functionality was demonstrated by dsRNA in-vivo injections to intersex crayfish. Cq-IAGsilencing induced dramatic sex-related alterations, including male feature feminization, reduced sperm production, extensive testicular apoptosis, induction of the vitellogeningene expression and accumulation of yolk proteins in the ovaries. In the prawn, the AG was identified and a cDNA library was created. The putative P. monodonAG hormone encoding gene (Pm-IAG) was identified, isolated and characterized for time of expression and histological localization. Implantation of the AG into prawn post larvae (PL) and juveniles resulted in phenotypic transformation which included the appearance of appendix masculina and enlarged petasma. The transformation however did not result in sex change or the creation of neo males thus the population genetics stage to be executed with Prof. Hulata did not materialized. Repeated AG implantation is currently being trialed. Major conclusions and Implications, both scientific and agricultural Cq-IAG's involvement in male sexual differentiation had been demonstrated and it is strongly suggested that this gene encodes an AG hormone in this crayfish. A thorough screening of the AG cDNA library shows Cq-IAG is the prominent transcript within the library. However, the identification of two additional transcripts hints that Cq-IAG is not the only gene mediating the AG effects. The successful gene silencing of Cq-IAG, if performed at earlier developmental stages, might accomplish full and functional sex reversal which will enable the production of all-male crayfish populations. Pm-IAG is likely to play a similar role in prawns. It is possible that repeated administration of the AG into prawn will lead to the desired full sex reversal, so that WZ neo males, crossed with WZ females can result in WW females, which will form the basis for monosex all-female population.