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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex recognition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cahill, Ann J. "Recognition, Desire, and Unjust Sex." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12080.

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In this article I will revisit the question of what I term the continuum of heteronormative sexual interactions, that is, the idea that purportedly ethically acceptable heterosexual interactions are conceptually, ethically, and politically associated with instances of sexual violence. Spurred by recent work by psychologist Nicola 2005, I conclude that some of my earlier critiques of Catharine MacKinnon's theoretical linkages between sexual violence and normative heterosex are wanting. In addition, neither MacKinnon's theory nor my critique of it seem up to the task of providing an ethical account of the examples of “unjust sex” that Gavey has described. I come to the conclusion that an ethical analysis of sexual interactions requires a focus on sexual desire, but that desire cannot take on the by now heavily criticized role of consent. Rather than looking for the presence or absence of sexual desire prior to sexual encounters as a kind of ethical certification of them, we ought instead to focus on the efficacy of that sexual desire, that is, its ability (or lack thereof) to shape an encounter in substantial and meaningful ways.

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2

Platek, Steven M., Rebecca L. Burch, and Gordon G. Gallup. "Sex differences in olfactory self-recognition." Physiology & Behavior 73, no. 4 (July 2001): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00539-x.

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3

Hudson, S. M., W. L. Marshall, D. Wales, E. McDonald, L. W. Bakker, and A. McLean. "Emotional Recognition Skills of Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 6, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600303.

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4

Kain, Philip J. "Hegel, Recognition, and Same-Sex Marriage." Journal of Social Philosophy 46, no. 2 (June 2015): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12097.

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5

Nusinow, Dmitri A., and Barbara Panning. "Recognition and modification of seX chromosomes." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 15, no. 2 (April 2005): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.02.002.

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6

Hudson, S. M., W. L. Marshall, D. Wales, E. McDonald, L. W. Bakker, and A. McLean. "Emotional recognition skills of sex offenders." Annals of Sex Research 6, no. 3 (1988): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00849561.

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7

Hutter, Sophie, Sarah M. Zala, and Dustin J. Penn. "Sex recognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Journal of Ethology 29, no. 1 (June 8, 2010): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-010-0221-5.

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8

Taitz, Jerold. "Judicial Determination of the Sexual Identity of Post-Operative Transsexuals: A New Form of Sex Discrimination." American Journal of Law & Medicine 13, no. 1 (1987): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006092.

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AbstractTranssexualism is a condition in which an individual's psychological gender is the opposite of his or her anatomical sex. A “sex-change” operation can bring anatomical sex into line with gender, but it cannot create a new biological sex capable of procreation. The operation is expensive, dangerous and lengthy, yet in 1983 there were an estimated 6,000 post-operative transsexuals in the United States. Certain European countries have legislation recognizing the post-operative transsexual's new sex. Case law in the United Kingdom and the United States, however, prevent post-operative transsexuals from gaining legal recognition. The author does see some hope, however, for a change in the trend against recognition of transsexuals’ post-operative sex. This Article discusses the reasons behind this trend and concludes that the greater danger would be a consensus of medical opinion holding that sex-change surgery is unnecessary, questioning the very existence of post-operative transsexuals. Finally, the author calls for legislative action to remove judicially-imposed obstacles and to give legal recognition to the postoperative transsexual's new sex and identity.

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9

Bonadonna, Francesco, Samuel P. Caro, and M. de L. Brooke. "Olfactory Sex Recognition Investigated in Antarctic Prions." PLoS ONE 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): e4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004148.

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10

Allan, Sonia. "Recognition of Same-Sex Parenting in Australia." Alternative Law Journal 35, no. 4 (December 2010): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1003500408.

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11

Whittle, Stephen, and Lewis Turner. "‘'Sex Changes'? Paradigm Shifts in ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’ following the Gender Recognition Act?’." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1511.

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Gender transformations are normatively understood as somatic, based on surgical reassignment, where the sexed body is aligned with the gender identity of the individual through genital surgery – hence the common lexicon ‘sex change surgery’. We suggest that the UK Gender Recognition Act 2004 challenges what constitutes a ‘sex change’ through the Act's definitions and also the conditions within which legal ‘recognition’ is permitted. The sex/gender distinction, (where sex normatively refers to the sexed body, and gender, to social identity) is demobilised both literally and legally. This paper discusses the history of medico-socio-legal definitions of sex have been developed through decision making processes when courts have been faced with people with gender variance and, in particular, the implications of the Gender Recognition Act for our contemporary legal understanding of sex. We ask, and attempt to answer, has ‘sex’ changed?

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12

O'Kane, M. "Recognition of speech and recognition of speaker sex: Parallel or concurrent processes?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, S1 (November 1987): S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025026.

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13

Bediou, Benoit, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Mohamed Saoud, Marie-Anne Henaff, Michael Burt, Jean Dalery, and Thierry D'Amato. "Facial Expression and Sex Recognition in Schizophrenia and Depression." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 9 (August 2005): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000905.

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Background: Impaired facial expression recognition in schizophrenia patients contributes to abnormal social functioning and may predict functional outcome in these patients. Facial expression processing involves individual neural networks that have been shown to malfunction in schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a selective deficit in facial expression recognition or a more global impairment in face processing remains controversial. Objective: To investigate whether patients with schizophrenia exhibit a selective impairment in facial emotional expression recognition, compared with patients with major depression and healthy control subjects. Methods: We studied performance in facial expression recognition and facial sex recognition paradigms, using original morphed faces, in a population with schizophrenia ( n = 29) and compared their scores with those of depression patients ( n = 20) and control subjects ( n = 20). Results: Schizophrenia patients achieved lower scores than both other groups in the expression recognition task, particularly in fear and disgust recognition. Sex recognition was unimpaired. Conclusion: Facial expression recognition is impaired in schizophrenia, whereas sex recognition is preserved, which highly suggests an abnormal processing of changeable facial features in this disease. A dysfunction of the top-down retrograde modulation coming from limbic and paralimbic structures on visual areas is hypothesized.

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14

Liu, Yin. "China’s Non-Recognition of Foreign Same-Sex Unions." International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebaa006.

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Abstract Chinese law neither expressly recognises nor prohibits same-sex unions (‘same-sex unions’ in this article refers to homosexual relationships that are legally recognised and protected by law, including marriage, civil union, (un)registered partnership, and so on). Until now, no dispute over foreign same-sex union has been brought in a Chinese court. However, the Department of Consular Affairs of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has adopted a blanket non-recognition rule, alleging that same-sex unions would violate China’s (‘China’ hereinafter refers to the jurisdiction of Mainland China, excluding those of the Hong Kong SAR, the Macao SAR, and Taiwan) family law and the public interest. However, it is argued that foreign same-sex unions should be recognised unless such recognition would violate the public policy of the forum state. First, foreign same-sex unions should be regulated by the Chinese conflict rules, not by Chinese domestic law. Additionally, China is internationally obliged to recognise and protect fundamental human rights (right to marry). Secondly, under China’s conflict rules, a foreign same-sex union should be governed by the lex personalis or the law that has the closest connection with that union. Thirdly, as more than 40 jurisdictions throughout the world have legally recognised same-sex unions, and China itself has decriminalised homosexuality, same-sex unions would not necessarily be incompatible with China’s public policy. Fourthly, non-recognition of same-sex unions would instead cause public policy problems because it practically always favours one party over another, helping foreign same-sex couples to evade their responsibilities imposed by the relevant foreign law.

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15

Festy, Patrick. "Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Couples in Europe." Population (english edition) 61, no. 4 (2006): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.604.0417.

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16

Nuechterlein, Gary L., and Deborah Buitron. "Vocal Advertising and Sex Recognition in Eared Grebes." Condor 94, no. 4 (November 1992): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369290.

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17

Lee, Mi-Ran. "Study on the Sex Recognition of Male Elderly." Journal of Digital Convergence 14, no. 5 (May 28, 2016): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2016.14.5.433.

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18

Loader, Matthew. "A Recipe for Recognition of Same Sex Relationships." Australian Feminist Law Journal 20, no. 1 (June 2004): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13200968.2004.10854326.

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19

KARAI, Nobuyuki, Bin WANG, Jiajia YANG, Yuko MATSUMOTO, Hiroaki KURAHASHI, Satoshi TAKAHASHI, Koji MIYAKE, Morito SUGIMOTO, Jingling WU, and Hiromi KUMON. "712 Sex differences in gender-dependent object recognition." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2015.53 (2015): _712–1_—_712–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2015.53._712-1_.

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20

Gosavi, Radhika, Vivian Chang, Robert McGivern, and Jaime Pineda. "Sex Differences during Visual Tracking and Emotion Recognition." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 8, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/16900.

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21

Hausman, Ken. "Trustees Back Recognition Of Same-Sex Civil Marriage." Psychiatric News 40, no. 16 (August 19, 2005): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.16.00400009.

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22

Rollins, Joe. "Same-Sex Unions and the Spectacles of Recognition." Law Society Review 39, no. 2 (June 2005): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-9216.2005.00088.x.

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23

Doi, Hirokazu, Takaaki Amamoto, Yuuka Okishige, Mikako Kato, and Kazuyuki Shinohara. "The own-sex effect in facial expression recognition." NeuroReport 21, no. 8 (June 2010): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e328339b61a.

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24

Green, Karen, and Nicholas Roffey. "Women, Hegel, and Recognition in The Second Sex." Hypatia 25, no. 2 (2010): 376–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01076.x.

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This paper develops a new account of Beauvoir's “Hegelianism” and argues that the strand of contemporary interpretation of Beauvoir that seeks to represent her thought in isolation from that of Jean-Paul Sartre constitutes a betrayal of the philosophy of recognition that she derives from Hegel. It underscores the extent to which Beauvoir influenced Sartre's Being and Nothingness and shows that Sartre and Beauvoir both adapted Hegel's ideas and agreed in rejecting his optimism.

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25

Mercer, Charlene A., and Sarah M. Eppley. "Kin and sex recognition in a dioecious grass." Plant Ecology 215, no. 8 (April 20, 2014): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0336-9.

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26

Cellerino, Alessandro, Davide Borghetti, and Ferdinando Sartucci. "Sex differences in face gender recognition in humans." Brain Research Bulletin 63, no. 6 (July 2004): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.03.010.

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27

Carroo, Agatha W., and R. Mozingo. "THE EFFECTS OF SEX OF SUBJECT, SEX AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF PHOTO ON FACIAL RECOGNITION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.2.193.

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This study was conducted to assess the effect of sex of subject, and sex and attractiveness of photo on facial recognition with 25 black male and 25 female college students. The results indicated that male subjects performed better with male faces with d'prime scores.

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28

Mong, Jessica A., and Danielle M. Cusmano. "Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1688 (February 19, 2016): 20150110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0110.

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Men and women sleep differently. While much is known about the mechanisms that drive sleep, the reason for these sex differences in sleep behaviour is unknown and understudied. Historically, women and female animals are underrepresented in studies of sleep and its disorders. Nevertheless, there is a growing recognition of sex disparities in sleep and rhythm disorders. Women typically report poorer quality and more disrupted sleep across various stages of life. Findings from clinical and basic research studies strongly implicate a role for sex steroids in sleep modulation. Understanding how neuroendocrine mediators and sex differences influence sleep is central to advancing our understanding of sleep-related disorders. The investigation into sex differences and sex steroid modulation of sleep is in its infancy. Identifying the mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences in sleep will provide valuable insights leading to tailored therapeutics that benefit each sex. The goal of this review is to discuss our current understanding of how biological sex and sex steroids influence sleep behaviour from both the clinical and pre-clinical perspective.

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29

Ratterman, Nicholas L., Gil G. Rosenthal, and Adam G. Jones. "Sex Recognition via Chemical Cues in the Sex-Role-Reversed Gulf Pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli)." Ethology 115, no. 4 (April 2009): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01619.x.

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30

Steinfartz, Sebastian, and Barbara A. Caspers. "Preference for the other sex: Olfactory sex recognition in terrestrial fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra)." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 4 (2011): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853811x603265.

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AbstractFinding a potential mate, that is an individual of the opposite sex, is a fundamental step for sexual reproduction in animal species. Signals involved in the context of mate attraction are mediated by acoustic, visual, and/or chemical signals. For amphibians in general, and especially for many newt and salamander species, chemical cues are known to play important roles in inter- and intraspecific communication. We therefore investigated the use of olfactory cues for sex recognition in terrestrial fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) that belong to the group of true salamanders within the Salamandridae. Specifically, we performed odor preference tests with adult salamanders of both sexes and tested whether substrate-borne chemical cues provide sex-specific signals. We found an overall preference for chemical cues of the opposite sex, i.e. males and females differed significantly in their preference for a specific sex. Females spent significantly more time in the compartment with the chemical cues of a male, whereas males did not show a significant preference, but in general more males preferred the compartment with the chemical cues of a female. Our results suggest that fire salamanders are capable to discriminate the sex of conspecific individuals based on pure chemical cues. We discuss our results in the light of the presence of dorsal glands in the males' cloaca of true salamander species, from which pheromones can be directly released onto the substrate.

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31

Barker, Nicola. "Ambiguous symbolisms: recognising customary marriage and same-sex marriage in South Africa." International Journal of Law in Context 7, no. 4 (November 11, 2011): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552311000243.

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AbstractIn this article I draw on the South African legal context to critique the argument that same-sex marriage would provide ‘equal recognition’ for same-sex relationships. I highlight the ways in which, despite strong equality provisions in the South African Constitution and an apparent commitment to substantive rather than merely formal equality, both customary marriage and same-sex marriage continue to be subordinate to heterosexual civil marriage. I then broaden my analysis to consider the extent to which this would also be the case in other jurisdictions, particularly the UK. Drawing on the Butler/Fraser debate on recognition and redistribution, I argue that there is a connection between misrecognition and material disadvantage that goes unacknowledged in ‘symbolic recognition’ claims for same-sex marriage. The critiques of ‘marriage equality’ should sound a warning not only to same-sex marriage advocates but also more generally to those who would seek ‘equal recognition’ through law reform.

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32

YAMBE, HIDENOBU. "II-2. Partner-recognition and sex pheromones in salmonids." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 81, no. 5 (2015): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.81.867.

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33

Stein, Edward. "THE TOPOGRAPHY OF LEGAL RECOGNITION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS*." Family Court Review 50, no. 2 (April 2012): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2012.01444.x.

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34

Forbes, C. A., and B. E. McKenzie. "Self recognition of facial features in same-sex twins." Australian Journal of Psychology 39, no. 1 (April 1987): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049538708259034.

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35

Kareem, A. M., and A. J. Barnard. "Kin recognition in mice: age, sex and parental effects." Animal Behaviour 34, no. 6 (December 1986): 1814–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(86)80267-6.

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36

Regalado, Rubén. "Does dichromatism variation affect sex recognition in dwarf geckos?" Ethology Ecology & Evolution 27, no. 1 (April 2014): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2014.885465.

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37

SOGON, SHUNYA, and CARROLL E. IZARD. "Sex differences in emotion recognition by observing body movements." Japanese Psychological Research 29, no. 2 (1987): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.29.89.

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38

BRUSLESICARD, S. "Recognition of sex-inverting protandricSparus aurata: ultrastructural aspects*1." Journal of Fish Biology 50, no. 5 (May 1997): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1996.0382.

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39

Bruslea-Sicard, S., and B. Fourcault. "Recognition of sex-inverting protandric Sparus aurata: ultrastructural aspects." Journal of Fish Biology 50, no. 5 (May 1997): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01633.x.

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40

Sharfstein, Steven S. "Psychiatry and Legal Recognition Of Same-Sex Civil Marriage." Psychiatric News 40, no. 18 (September 16, 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.18.00400003.

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41

Janicke, Tim, Markus S. Ritz, Steffen Hahn, and Hans-Ulrich Peter. "Sex recognition in brown skuas: do acoustic signals matter?" Journal of Ornithology 148, no. 4 (July 28, 2007): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0195-4.

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42

Trandafir, Mircea. "Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Couples and Family Formation." Demography 52, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 113–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0361-2.

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43

Hayward, Andy. "SAME-SEX REGISTERED PARTNERSHIPS – A RIGHT TO BE RECOGNISED?" Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 1 (March 2016): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197316000179.

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ACROSS Europe, the legal recognition of same-sex relationships has changed rapidly. Of the 47 Member States of the Council of Europe, 26 countries currently recognise same-sex relationships, whether through marriage or registered partnership. Italy, however, remains the only founding member of that organisation that does not provide any formal system for the legal recognition of same-sex relationships.

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44

Hellqvist, Elina, and Auli Vähäkangas. "Experiences of (Mis)recognition of Same-Sex Partnerships in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland." Exchange 47, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 258–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341489.

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Abstract The article discusses the recognition of same-sex partnerships in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF). The main focus is on the experiences of recognition and misrecognition of same-sex couples when the couples have asked for a prayer on behalf of their registered partnership. The findings of this study confirm that the researched experiences of recognition have two dimensions, vertical and horizontal. Vertical recognition deals with institutional recognition and experiences with the sacred. Horizontal recognition entails experiences of interpersonal recognition. Narrated experiences often contained both horizontal and vertical dimensions of (mis)recognition. Recognition is a social phenomenon. Participants of the study had two distinct social contexts for recognition. One is the more loosely defined “rainbow community”, the other the formally authoritative, institutional ELCF. Most of the interviewees had positive experiences of recognition from the informal community but mainly negative experiences of misrecognition from the institutional ELCF. The difficult balancing between the conviction of the equal human dignity of each individual and the understanding of marriage as a social category for heterosexuals only led to same-sex couples’ experience of not being treated as equal members of the church. The study affirmed the importance of experiences and feelings as indicators in identifying a valid struggle for recognition.

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45

Millslagle, Duane G. "Recognition Accuracy by Experienced Men and Women Players of Basketball." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 1 (August 2002): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.1.163.

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This study examined 30 experienced basketball players' recognition accuracy by sex, playing position (guard, forward, and center), and situations in the game of basketball. The study used a perceptual cognitive paradigm in which subjects viewed slides of structured and unstructured game situations and accurately recognized the presence or absence of the basketball. A significant difference in recognition accuracy by sex, players' position, and Structure of the game situation was found. Male players' recognition accuracy was better than the female players'. The recognition accuracy of subjects who played guard was better than that of subjects who played forward or center. The players' recognition accuracy was more accurate when observing structured plays versus unstructured plays. The conclusion of this study suggested that experienced basketball players differ in their cognitive and visual searching processes by sex and player position within the sport of basketball.

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46

Grether, Gregory F., Jonathan P. Drury, Erin Berlin, and Christopher N. Anderson. "The Role of Wing Coloration in Sex Recognition and Competitor Recognition in Rubyspot Damselflies (Hetaerinaspp.)." Ethology 121, no. 7 (March 31, 2015): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12382.

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47

Richards, Claudina. "The Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Couples—The French Perspective." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 2 (April 2002): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.2.305.

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Legislative reforms have been introduced in several European states to tackle the question of the legal recognition of same-sex relations, with the Nordic countries taking the lead.1 Changes in the attitude of the general public towards gays and lesbians, as demonstrated by the publicity and popularity of Gay Pride marches throughout Europe, has brought the issue to the fore of the political and legal arenas. France has been no exception, with the public debate on the recognition of same-sex couples culminating in the recent adoption of the law relating to the Pacte Civil de Solidarité (PACS) which provides for the registration of a couple's partnership regardless of sex.

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48

Ramos-Loyo, Julieta, Leonor Mora-Reynoso, Luis Miguel Sánchez-Loyo, and Virginia Medina-Hernández. "Sex Differences in Facial, Prosodic, and Social Context Emotional Recognition in Early-Onset Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/584725.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine sex differences in facial, prosodic, and social context emotional recognition in schizophrenia (SCH). Thirty-eight patients (SCH, 20 females) and 38 healthy controls (CON, 20 females) participated in the study. Clinical scales (BPRS and PANSS) and an Affective States Scale were applied, as well as tasks to evaluate facial, prosodic, and within a social context emotional recognition. SCH showed lower accuracy and longer response times than CON, but no significant sex differences were observed in either facial or prosody recognition. In social context emotions, however, females showed higher empathy than males with respect to happiness in both groups. SCH reported being more identified with sad films than CON and females more with fear than males. The results of this study confirm the deficits of emotional recognition in male and female patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Sex differences were detected in relation to social context emotions and facial and prosodic recognition depending on age.

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49

Léveillé, Edith, Samuel Guay, Caroline Blais, Peter Scherzer, and Louis De Beaumont. "Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716001004.

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AbstractObjectives:Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. Although the cumulative and long-term effects of multiple concussions are now well documented on cognitive and motor function, little is known about their effects on emotion recognition. Recent studies have suggested that concussion can result in emotional sequelae, particularly in females and multi-concussed athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in emotion recognition in asymptomatic male and female multi-concussed athletes.Methods:We tested 28 control athletes (15 males) and 22 multi-concussed athletes (10 males) more than a year since the last concussion. Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a neuropsychological test battery and a morphed emotion recognition task. Pictures of a male face expressing basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) morphed with another emotion were randomly presented. After each face presentation, participants were asked to indicate the emotion expressed by the face.Results:Results revealed significant sex by group interactions in accuracy and intensity threshold for negative emotions, together with significant main effects of emotion and group.Conclusions:Male concussed athletes were significantly impaired in recognizing negative emotions and needed more emotional intensity to correctly identify these emotions, compared to same-sex controls. In contrast, female concussed athletes performed similarly to same-sex controls. These findings suggest that sex significantly modulates concussion effects on emotional facial expression recognition. (JINS, 2017,23, 65–77)

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Yen, Cheng-Fang, Nai-Ying Ko, Yu-Te Huang, Mu-Hong Chen, I.-Hsuan Lin, and Wei-Hsin Lu. "Preference about Laws for the Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships in Taiwanese People Before and After Same-Sex Marriage Referenda: A Facebook Survey Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062000.

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This study examined the factors related to the preference about laws to legalize same-sex relationships in participants of the first wave of a survey (Wave 1, 23 months before the same-sex marriage referendum) and the second wave of a survey (Wave 2, 1 week after the same-sex marriage referendum) in Taiwan. The data of 3286 participants in Wave 1 and 1370 participants in Wave 2 recruited through a Facebook advertisement were analyzed. Each participant completed an online questionnaire assessing their attitude toward the legal recognition of same-sex relationships, preference about laws to legalize same-sex relationships (establishing same-sex couple laws outside the Civil Code vs. changing the Civil Code to include same-sex marriage laws), belief in the importance of legalizing same-sex relationships, and perceived social attitudes toward the legal recognition of same-sex relationships. The results revealed that those who did not support legalizing same-sex relationships were more likely to prefer establishing same-sex couple laws outside the Civil Code than those who supported the legalization. The form of law preferred to legalize same-sex relationships significantly changed between Wave 1 and Wave 2. Multiple factors, including gender, age, sexual orientation, belief in the importance of legalizing same-sex relationships to human rights and the social status of sexual minorities, and perceived peers’ and families’ attitudes toward the legal recognition of same-sex relationships, were significantly associated with the preference of laws, although these associations varied among heterosexual and non-heterosexual participants and at various stages of the survey.

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