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1
Whitting, Laura, Andrew Day, and Martine Powell. "Police officer perspectives on the implementation of a sex offender community notification scheme." International Journal of Police Science & Management 18, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355716668539.
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Community notification statutes, popularly known as ‘Megan’s Law’, were passed in rapid succession throughout the United States following the enactment of landmark legislation in the state of Washington in 1990. Calls for the adoption of similar legislation in Australia gained momentum following the introduction of ‘limited disclosure’ schemes in the United Kingdom and, in 2012, one Australian state introduced a limited form of community notification. This study presents an analysis of in-depth interviews with specialist police officers ( N=21) who are responsible for coordinating the ongoing management, registration and monitoring of sex offenders who live in the community in this jurisdiction to understand their perspectives on the scheme’s implementation. Systematic thematic analysis revealed that the officers were particularly interested in understanding the impact that notification has on offenders, victims and the broader community, and the police agency. The practice-based wisdom distilled from these interviews is used to inform a discussion about the more widespread implementation of this type of public policy both in Australia and in other countries that may be giving this consideration.
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Macioti, P. G., Eurydice Aroney, Calum Bennachie, Anne E. Fehrenbacher, Calogero Giametta, Heidi Hoefinger, Nicola Mai, and Jennifer Musto. "Framing the Mother Tac: The Racialised, Sexualised and Gendered Politics of Modern Slavery in Australia." Social Sciences 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9110192.
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Centred on the slavery trial “Crown vs. Rungnapha Kanbut” heard in Sydney, New South Wales, between 10 April and 15 May 2019, this article seeks to frame the figure of the “Mother Tac” or the “mother of contract”, also called “mama tac” or “mae tac”—a term used amongst Thai migrants to describe a woman who hosts, collects debts from, and organises work for Thai migrant sex workers in their destination country. It proposes that this largely unexplored figure has come to assume a disproportionate role in the “modern slavery” approach to human trafficking, with its emphasis on absolute victims and individual offenders. The harms suffered by Kanbut’s victims are put into context by referring to existing literature on women accused of trafficking; interviews with Thai migrant sex workers, including Kanbut’s primary victim, and with members from the Australian Federal Police Human Trafficking Unit; and ethnographic field notes. The article unveils how constructions of both victim and offender, as well as definitions of slavery, are racialised, gendered, and sexualised and rely on the victims’ subjective accounts of bounded exploitation. By documenting these and other limitations involved in a criminal justice approach, the authors reveal its shortfalls. For instance, while harsh sentences are meant as a deterrence to others, the complex and structural roots of migrant labour exploitation remain unaffected. This research finds that improved legal migration pathways, the decriminalisation of the sex industry, and improved access to information and support for migrant sex workers are key to reducing heavier forms of labour exploitation, including human trafficking, in the Australian sex industry.
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Indermaur, David. "Public perception of sentencing in Perth, Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 20, no. 3 (September 1987): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486588702000304.
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The present study replicates some of the key findings of earlier “revisionist” studies of public attitude towards the punishment of offenders: 554 Perth residents were interviewed from a sample frame of 800. Most respondents overestimated the amount of crime which involves violence, and tended to see the murder rate as “increasing” when it is not. Most (76%) said that sentences “are not severe enough”. However, 80% of these reported that they were thinking of a violent criminal when answering that question. It is suggested that general questions about crime may essentially reflect respondent concern about violence. The second part of the interview involved a split sample designed to test differences in responses to two types of item presentation. Approximately half the sample (288) were asked to chose a penalty they considered appropriate for three offences. The other half were given brief descriptions of the offence and the offender and then asked to choose an appropriate penalty. The minimum sentences were significantly lower for the group given the case descriptions. The results are interpreted as suggesting that public responses to questions of punishment are largely influenced by stereotypes. A good deal of acceptance was found for proposed alternatives to imprisonment. The most popular (75%) said “year, in all or most cases”) was the use of attendance centres. Most respondents also favoured programmes for fine defaulters, on-the-spot fines for petty offences and a day fine system “in all or most cases”. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of survey methodology and sentencing reform.
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Vess, James, Brooke Langskaill, Andrew Day, Martine Powell, and Joe Graffam. "A comparative analysis of Australian sex offender legislation for sex offender registries." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 44, no. 3 (December 2011): 404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865811419065.
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Australia has followed the course taken by other English-speaking countries in recent years of enacting legislation that requires convicted sexual offenders to register personal details with law enforcement agencies. These laws have been enacted to protect the public from the perceived threat posed by sex offenders, but have been written with little apparent reference to the available research literature about the nature and extent of this threat. In addition, there is no empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of legislatively based sex offender registries to either reduce sexual offending or to enable the police to investigate sex crimes and apprehend offenders. This article compares and contrasts the current laws governing sex offender registration enacted by the various states and territories in Australia, and offers a critical analysis of their provisions in light of the research literature on sexual offending.
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Burrows, Kimberlee S., Martine B. Powell, and Mairi Benson. "A guide to clarifying evidence in Australian child forensic interviews." Journal of Forensic Practice 18, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-09-2014-0030.
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Purpose – Interviewing victims of child sex abuse requires considerable care in order to minimise error. Due to children’s heightened suggestibility any question asked of a child could potentially incite error that could undermine the witness’s credibility. A focus group was conducted in order to facilitate the development of guidance for interviewers around the circumstances in which it is necessary to ask children follow-up questions in an interview. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Seven Crown prosecutors representing every Australian state and territory (with the exception of one small state) were issued with 25 hypothetical narrative accounts of child abuse and asked to indicate what information, if any, required follow-up in the child’s narrative. Their responses and rationale for requiring following up in some cases and not others were discussed. Findings – Thematic analysis revealed three recommendations to guide questioning: whether the case involved identification or recognition evidence; the presence of contextual features that may influence the witness’s memory, or that should trigger a particular line of questioning; and whether the information can or should be sought at a later stage by the trial prosecutor, rather than by the interviewer. Practical implications – The recommendations are discussed within the context of their implications for interviewing, that is, how each recommendation could be implemented in practice. Originality/value – The present study extends prior literature by elucidating principles to guide decision making across interview topic areas. The need for such guidance is highlighted by research suggesting that topics such as offender identity, offence time and place, and witnesses are a source of overzealous questioning in interviews.
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Hinds, Lyn, and Kathleen Daly. "The War on Sex Offenders: Community Notification in Perspective." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 256–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400304.
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This article explores the contemporary phenomenon of “naming and shaming” sex offenders. Community notification laws, popularly known as Megan's Law, which authorise the public disclosure of the identity of convicted sex offenders to the community in which they live, were enacted throughout the United States in the 1990s. A public campaign to introduce “Sarah's Law” has recently been launched in Britain, following the death of eight-year old Sarah Payne. Why are sex offenders, and certain categories of sex offenders, singled out as targets of community notification laws? What explains historical variability in the form that sex offender laws take? We address these questions by reviewing the sexual psychopath laws enacted in the United States in the 1930s and 40s and the sexual predator and community notification laws of the 1990s, comparing recent developments in the United States with those in Britain, Canada, and Australia. We consider arguments by Garland, O'Malley, Pratt, and others on how community notification, and the control of sex offenders more generally, can be explained; and we speculate on the likelihood that Australia will adopt community notification laws.
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Bailey, Danielle J. S., and Lisa L. Sample. "Sex Offender Supervision in Context." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 176–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403415572876.
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Social distance, or the level of familiarity and rapport, within the officer–offender relationship is important in reducing recidivism and promoting desistance. Although examined in a variety of contexts, few researchers have studied the social distance between sex offenders and community supervision officers. When this has been examined, little attention has been paid to the legal and regulatory structure in place specifically for sex offenders or the cultural perceptions that citizens hold about sex offenders and sex offending. Within these structural and cultural contexts, we argue that sex offenders are a unique offender group, and thus, their relationships with supervision officers are likely qualitatively different from those formed between non-sex offenders and supervision officers. Using interviews with community supervision officers and convicted sex offenders, we highlight the structural and cultural contexts under which sex offenders are supervised and the ways in which the social distance in sex offender–officer relationships may vary from non-sex offender–officer relationships.
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Fitzgerald, Robin, Paul Mazerolle, Alex R. Piquero, and Donna L. Ansara. "Exploring Sex Differences among Sentenced Juvenile Offenders in Australia." Justice Quarterly 29, no. 3 (June 2012): 420–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2011.565361.
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FAZEL, S., T. HOPE, I. O’DONNELL, and R. JACOBY. "Psychiatric, demographic and personality characteristics of elderly sex offenders." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 2002): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701005153.
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Background. Psychiatric disorders are purported to play a role in the aetiology of violent crime, but evidence for their role in sexual offending is less clear. The authors investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and personality disorders in elderly incarcerated sex offenders compared with elderly non-sex offenders.Method. One hundred and one sex offenders and 102 non-sex offenders aged over 59 years were interviewed using standardized semi-structured interviews for psychiatric illness (the Geriatric Mental State) and the personality disorder (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders). Data on demographic, offence and victim characteristics were collected.Results. Six per cent of the elderly sex offenders had a psychotic illness, 7% a DSM-IV major depressive episode and 33% a personality disorder; and 1% had dementia. These prevalence figures were not different from the elderly non-sex offenders interviewed in this study. Differences emerged at the level of personality traits with sex offenders having more schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant traits, and fewer antisocial traits compared with non-sex offenders.Conclusions. Elderly sex offenders and non-sex-offenders have similar prevalence rates of mental illness. However, elderly sex offenders have increased schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant personality traits, supporting the view that sex offending in the elderly is associated more with personality factors than mental illness or organic brain disease.
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Hart-Kerkhoffs, L. ’t, R. Vermeiren, L. Jansen, and T. Doreleijers. "Juvenile sex offenders: Mental health and reoffending." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73780-4.
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BackgroundJuvenile sex offending all too often is the reason of public commotion and concern. About 20% of all rapes and 20–50% of cases of child abuse are perpetrated by juveniles. However little is known on the psychiatric characteristics and recidivism rates of these youths. In the present study the prevalence of psychopathology in (subgroups of) juvenile sex offenders and its relation with criminal recidivism two to four years later were investigated.MethodsSemi-structured psychiatric interviews (K-SADS-PL) and a parent-report questionnaire (CSBQ) were carried out with 106 adolescent sex offenders (mean age 15.0 ± 1.5 years, 60 group offenders, 27 solo rapists, and 19 child molesters) referred to the Dutch child protection agency and juvenile justice institutions. Recidivism was ascertained from registration systems.ResultsThree quarters of juvenile sex offenders met criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder and comorbidity was found in more than half of the subjects. Child molesters showed the highest rates of internalizing disorders and showed most pronounced autism spectrum disorder core symptomatology. Forty percent of juvenile sex offenders had committed multiple sexual offenses, but none recidivated sexually within the 2–4 years after the study. Compared to one time sex offenders, multiple sex offenders were higher in DBD and anxiety disorder.ConclusionChild and adolescent psychiatric care should be given to juvenile sex offenders, with particular attention to multiple sex offenders and child molesters. However, the predictive value of psychopathology for sexual recidivism remains unclear and warrants further research.
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Vitis, Laura. "Vagaries, Anxieties and the Imagined Paedophile: A Victorian Case Study on Mandatory Sex Offender Registration for Young Adult Registrants Convicted after Non-Consensually Distributing Intimate Images." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i4.1084.
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This article focuses on interviews with two Australian young adults (and their parents) who were placed on Victoria’s Sex Offender Register after being convicted of child pornography offences for non-consensually distributing intimate images. It examines Victoria’s modality of automatic registration—which simultaneously constitutes registrants as paedophilic and responsibilised subjects—and the extent to which this modality was negotiated by both young men. This article also explores the collateral socio-political consequences of registration on career opportunities, mental health and family relationships, and details how these impacts are modulated by young adulthood.
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Izotovas, Aleks, Chris Kelly, and Dave Walsh. "The Domains of PEACE: Examining Interviews with Suspected Sex Offenders." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 36, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09465-8.
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Spencer, Dale, and Rose Ricciardelli. "‘They’re a very sick group of individuals’: Correctional officers, emotions, and sex offenders." Theoretical Criminology 21, no. 3 (May 5, 2016): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616647590.
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In this article, we analyze the politics of emotions within the occupational culture of correctional officers by focusing attention on how sex offenders are constituted as objects of fear and disgust. We draw on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 100 Canadian men and women with experience working as correctional officers in provincial prisons (e.g. New Brunswick, Ontario, Alberta, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island) to understand how sex offenders are viewed within their occupational culture. Utilizing an interpretive hermeneutic approach, this article analyzes Canadian correctional officers’ interpretations of sex offenders. We show the effects of sex offenders’ construction as objects of fear and disgust, in terms of their identities and positionality in the general prison population, and the level of protection and services they receive while in prison.
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Bohmert, Miriam Northcutt, Grant Duwe, and Natalie Kroovand Hipple. "Evaluating Restorative Justice Circles of Support and Accountability: Can Social Support Overcome Structural Barriers?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 3 (June 5, 2016): 739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16652627.
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In a climate in which stigmatic shaming is increasing for sex offenders as they leave prison, restorative justice practices have emerged as a promising approach to sex offender reentry success and have been shown to reduce recidivism. Criminologists and restorative justice advocates believe that providing ex-offenders with social support that they may not otherwise have is crucial to reducing recidivism. This case study describes the expressive and instrumental social support required and received, and its relationship to key outcomes, by sex offenders who participated in Circles of Support and Accountability (COSAs), a restorative justice, reentry program in Minnesota. In-depth interviews with re-entering sex offenders and program volunteers revealed that 75% of offenders reported weak to moderate levels of social support leaving prison, 70% reported receiving instrumental support in COSAs, and 100% reported receiving expressive support. Findings inform work on social support, structural barriers, and restorative justice programming during sex offender reentry.
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George, Allen. "Sex offenders no more: Historical homosexual offences expungement legislation in Australia." Alternative Law Journal 44, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19856169.
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The capability to remove homosexual offences from a criminal record has finally been adopted across Australia with the introduction of expungement legislation. This article analyses the reasons for its introduction, considers the number of people affected and suggests that a pardon, similar to the Turing Law in the UK, may address the low number of applications. The passing of this legislation not only restores the offender, it also allows current legislators to address the injustice of their predecessors' actions and to demonstrate continued support for LGBTIQ communities.
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Hanser, Robert D., and Scott M. Mire. "Juvenile sex offenders in the United States and Australia: A comparison." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 22, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2008): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600860801924980.
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ten Bensel, Tusty, and Lisa L. Sample. "Social Inclusion Despite Exclusionary Sex Offense Laws: How Registered Citizens Cope With Loneliness." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416675018.
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The use of social media has become associated with empowerment, social capital, and social inclusion for members of marginalized groups in society. Few groups in today’s social environment are as marginalized, if not more, than sex offenders. This article explores the use of social media among 112 registered sex offenders who are in the community, no longer under correctional control, and self-report no reoffending. Self-reports of desistance were triangulated through interviews with 38 spouses/relatives of registrants and arrest data. Unlike prior studies of sex offenders’ use of social media to facilitate offending, we found the use of social media helps create informal social networks, reduces loneliness, and provides a sense of empowerment among sex offenders and their family members. These are all factors important to promoting public safety and reducing sexual recidivism.
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Cooley, Brooke. "Desistance from Sexual Offending or Not Reoffending? A Taxonomy of Contact Sex Offenders." Journal of Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society 23, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.4234.34105.
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This paper explored why contact sex offenders lack reoffending, and a taxonomy was developed to better understand the desistance process, or more commonly, the non-reoffending process. Through qualitative conversational interviews with 29 contact sex offenders, it was found that contact sex offenders can be categorized into two broad groups. First, the criminal career sex offender who had persistent habitual offending. This category was comprised of a relatively small number of the sample (20.7%). This category can then be further broken down into two smaller categories, the desisters and the non-reoffenders. The desisters lacked reoffending due to cognitive transformations, while non-reoffenders were able to manage their sexual deviant behaviors due to strategies such as therapy, religious practices, and avoidance. Only two participants could be considered desisters, while the other participants were non-reoffenders. This is a noteworthy finding, demonstrating how rare it is to desist from contact sex offending based on scholars’ definitions of desistance as a process. Conversely, contact sex offenders who are not habitual persistent offenders lack reoffending because they never came to see themselves as “sex offenders” nor do they feel they have problems to address as their crimes were temporary and situational. This group contained the majority of the sample (79.3%) and was further divided into taxonomic subgroups. This study established the need to differentiate between career criminal sex offenders and those who are situational and temporary. Persistent offenders and situational offenders need different treatment practices, and they have different non-reoffending pathways.
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Galeotti, Raquel, Laura López-Gallego, and Alejandra López-Gómez. "Treatment program for ex-jailed sex offenders in Uruguay: from knowledge to policy." Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 56, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): e1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v56i1.1301.
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In this article, we discuss the process of implementing a pilot program of the treatment of sex offenders in Uruguay. We implemented an intervention-research based on the case study method delimited in terms of institutional and thematic scenarios; a national public institution whose main objective is the socio-labor and community inclusion of formerly incarcerated people. The data collection took place between February and October 2018, through group interviews with the technical team of the program and semi-structured interviews with the directorate. We present the analyzed theoretical and technical dimensions involved in the implementation of a community-based program for sexual offenders, according to two analytical lines: the specificity of the approach towards sexual offenders and the conceptions of the key institutional actors surrounding sexual violence.
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Elias, Haneen, and Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia. "Therapists’ Perceptions of Their Encounter With Sex Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 10 (February 9, 2016): 1151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16629972.
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Despite the increasing interest in therapists’ responses to their encounter with sex offenders, there is a lack of research on their subjective perceptions of this encounter and on their experience working with this client population. The study presented in this article is part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among 19 social workers (12 were women and 7 were men; their ages ranged from 30 to 66 years; 15 of them were Jewish and 4 were Arab). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine their attitudes toward and perceptions of their encounter with sex offenders. The questions related to the therapists’ perceptions regarding motives for committing sex offenses, therapists’ perceptions of sex offenders, therapists’ perceptions of the victims of sex offenders, and therapists’ perceptions of the nature of their professional role. In this article, emphasis is placed on the development and changes of the therapists’ perceptions following that encounter. The following five major domains of perceptions were revealed in the study: Therapists’ perceptions of the offenders’ personal motives for committing sex offenses, therapists’ perceptions of sex offenders, therapists’ perceptions of the experience of victimization, the process of changing perceptions, and the nature of the therapists’ role. The results are discussed in light of Ajzen’s conceptualization of the process of acquiring beliefs. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research and for shaping the perceptions of therapists toward sex offenders are discussed.
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Nisbet, Ian, and Katie Seidler. "Characteristics of adolescent sex offenders in New South Wales." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 18, no. 2 (2001): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002842x.
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AbstractCharacteristics of adolescents who sexually offend, their patterns of their offending behaviour and the defining features of their victims are firmly established in the overseas literature. The research literature in Australia, however, is less developed. This study describes the characteristics of a sample of clients of the Sex Offender Program of the New South Wales Department of Juvenile Justice and examines patterns of offence behaviours and related descriptions of victims. Adolescents who sexually offend in NSW have backgrounds of low educational attainment and abuse and a range of other social risk factors, and they are most likely to victimise female children. A typology of adolescent sex offenders based on their offending behaviour is offered.
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Douglas, Heather. "The shifting moral compass: post-sentence detention of sex offenders in Australia." Australian Journal of Human Rights 17, no. 1 (August 2011): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2011.11910896.
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Soldino, Virginia, Hannah L. Merdian, Ross M. Bartels, and Hannah K. Bradshaw. "Implicit Theories of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenders: Cross-Cultural Validation of Interview Findings." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19877599.
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Offense-supportive cognitions are thought to result from underlying implicit theories (ITs). As child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) users are a distinct type of sex offender, Bartels and Merdian proposed that CSEM offenders hold five different ITs from those endorsed by contact sex offenders (i.e., Unhappy World, Self as Uncontrollable, Child as Sexual Object, Nature of Harm [CSEM variant], and Self as Collector), linked by an assumption about the Reinforcing Nature of the Internet. This article reports a conceptual content analysis of 23 interviews conducted with CSEM offenders in the United Kingdom and Spain. Support for all CSEM-specific ITs was found across both samples, providing an empirical validation of this conceptualization. Finally, four ITs originally identified for contact sex offenders were also identified, namely, Uncontrollability, Child as Sexual Being, Dangerous World, and Nature of Harm. Further validation of CSEM-related ITs is encouraged.
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Hayes, Sharon, and Bethney Baker. "Female Sex Offenders and Pariah Femininities: Rewriting the Sexual Scripts." Journal of Criminology 2014 (December 25, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/414525.
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This paper aims to analyze the way in which the media reports of sex offences tend to reinforce traditional sexual scripts and gender identities. Compared to investigations into male sex offenders, female sex offending is relatively underresearched, undertheorized, and misunderstood (Hayes and Carpenter, 2013). We argue that the media’s reinforcement of traditional scripts has hindered the development of awareness of sex offending by women, depicting them as aberrations, that is, as “female pariahs.” As Harris (2010) notes, female sex crimes cannot be explained by male theories of crime. To address this issue, we examined 487 media reports from Australia and the United Kingdom and found that, as key stakeholders in public debate, the media does indeed play a crucial role in shaping the public perceptions of female sex offenders as aberrations and pariahs. This distorted view influences approaches to understanding and acknowledging sex offending by women as well as hindering the safe and timely reporting of offences by victims.
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Davids, Olivia, Marcel Londt, and Lizane Wilson. "Imprisoned Sex Offenders’ Chronic Denial and their Childhood Family Environment." Open Family Studies Journal 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401507010042.
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Statistics in South Africa shows that sex offences are among the crimes that invoke the most public concern as anywhere else in the world. The number of sentenced sex offenders is increasing and denial by the sex offender is regarded as a risk factor for re-offending. Sex offenders who chronically deny their offenses are not only perceived as having a greater likelihood of recidivism, but additional questions about their childhood experiences and their experiences in their families of origin are also raised. This study described the family environment of non-admitting sex offenders and explored whether any family characteristics influenced their denial of the sexual offence. Qualitative research was applied and ten (10) incarcerated, non-admitting sex offenders were purposively selected from a Correctional Facility in the Western Cape. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and Social Learning Theory was used as a lens to understand the dynamics. The findings of this study highlighted that most participants were raised in single-parent households with absent father figures, which had implications for their masculine identities and roles. These families were characterized by challenges such as domestic violence, substance abuse, unsatisfactory support and compromised parenting styles.
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Ronken, Carol, and Robyn Lincoln. "Deborah's Law: The Effects of Naming and Shaming on Sex Offenders in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400303.
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Community notification laws for sex offenders are now widespread in the USA and there is considerable interest in introducing ,them in Australia. Along with these public moves to name and shame, there has been a parallel increase in private forms of naming and shaming through “outing” of sex offenders. This article examines both public and private notification to conclude from the few studies available that they fail to achieve their goals and lead to significant unintended consequences. The article analyses The Australian Paedophile and Sex Offender Index (Coddington, 1997), a prime exemplar of the private domain of notification, to explore a range of variables (offender demographics, offence details, sentences, previous convictions and victimology) and concludes that it is unrepresentative and has criminogenic potential. The article summarises direct consequences of notification actions that include possibilities for vigilantism, effects on treatment and rehabilitation, and displacement. Finally, it examines the theoretical frameworks in which notification laws have been couched — restorative justice and criminological notions of shame and degradation — to conclude that notification laws are not supported by these theoretical paradigms
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Dreier, Amy, and Stephen Wright. "Helping Society's Outcasts: The Impact of Counseling Sex Offenders." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.4.2l4t56448430872x.
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The purpose of this qualitative study, which uses a constructivist approach, was to explore the impacts on mental health counselors of counseling convicted sex offenders. Five participants were interviewed using a semistructured format. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological method by breaking down the interviews into themes, comparing the participants' experiences, and determining the essence of those experiences. Themes identified were feelings of increased competence, closeness, and support from coworkers and supervisors; belief in a mission or responsibility for safety; disconnect from general society; intrusive thoughts of traumatic material; and increased suspicion of others. The findings suggest that mental health workers experience both positive and negative impacts from counseling convicted sex offenders. The research and practice implications for counselors are discussed.
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Marlow, Katie, Belinda Winder, and Helen Jane Elliott. "Working with transgendered sex offenders: prison staff experiences." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-02-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the experiences of staff working with transgendered sex offenders in a prison setting. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilised a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews used to explore the experiences of staff working with transgendered sexual offenders (n=6). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – Three themes were identified in the data. The first relates to how staff become educated on transgender issues and the content of this information. The second describes situations in which boundaries are overstepped by both transgender offenders and others in the prison. The third relates to the ways in which staff manage change, such as tailoring treatment to specific needs and being mindful of what adaptations may be required. Research limitations/implications – The main drawback of this research was the limited sample; female prison staff. Future research should expand this sample to encompass male staff and staff working in alternate category prisons. Practical implications – The research illustrates the utility of staff collaboration with transgendered sex offenders on transgender issues but also suggests some additional guidance is required when it comes to determining the boundaries. Staff may also benefit from more education on the possible ways in which a transgendered identity can impact on criminogenic needs. Originality/value – The present research offers insight into the current state of care and management of transgendered offenders in custody and the nature of interactions between staff and this minority group. At present, there is limited research in this area.
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Ho, David K., Nikki Collins, Morris Vinestock, and Mrigendra Das. "Polygraph testing of sex offenders in a high secure hospital." Psychiatrist 37, no. 4 (April 2013): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.112.038463.
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Aims and methodTo illustrate the clinical benefit of polygraph testing for mentally disordered sex offenders at a high secure psychiatric hospital. It is a retrospective review of two patients' case notes and of interviews with clinicians. Post Conviction Sex Offender Testing (PSCOT) was used to assist these patients in making disclosures regarding their sexual history and to aid their treatment.ResultsPost Conviction Sex Offender Testing was responsible for bringing about new disclosures relating to the patients' sexual histories and aiding their treatment progression to lower secure settings. New information was incorporated into the patients' treatment programmes and risk management plans. Post Conviction Sex Offender Testing also encouraged a more honest and effective participation in sex offender treatment programmes and allowed the evaluation of antilibidinal medication.Clinical implicationsPost Conviction Sex Offender Testing should be more widely considered among mentally disordered sex offenders who have been challenging to treat, as it has the potential to aid their management and progression to lower-security settings.
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Hogg, Russell. "‘Only a pawn in their game’: crime, risk and politics in the case of Robert Fardon." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i3.152.
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In 2003 Robert Fardon was the first prisoner to be detained under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld), the first of the new generation preventive detention laws enacted in Australia and directed at keeping sex offenders in prison or under supervision beyond the expiry of their sentences where a court decides, on the basis of psychiatric assessments, that unconditional release would create an unacceptable risk to the community. A careful examination of Fardon’s case shows the extent to which the administration of the regime was from the outset governed by politics and political calculation rather than the logic of risk management and community protection. In 2003 Robert Fardon was the first person detained under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld) (hereafter DPSOA), a newly enacted Queensland law aimed at the preventive detention of sex offenders. It was the first of a new generation of such laws introduced in Australia, now also in force in NSW, Western Australia and Victoria. The laws have been widely criticized by lawyers, academics and others (Keyzer and McSherry 2009; Edgely 2007). In this article I want to focus on the details of how the Queensland law was administered in Fardon’s case, he being perhaps the most well-known prisoner detained under such laws and certainly the longest held. It will show, I hope, that seemingly abstract rule of law principles invoked by other critics are not simply abstract: they afford a crucial practical safeguard against the corruption of criminal justice in which the ends both of community protection and of justice give way to opportunistic exploitation of ‘the mythic resonance of crime and punishment for electoral purposes’ (Scheingold 1998: 888).
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Woodhouse, Abbie, and Sarah Craven-Staines. "Working with sex offenders with a history of sexual trauma: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Abuse: An International Impact Journal 2, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2021.027.
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Gender differences impact the work that professionals engage in with sexual offenders and victims of sexual trauma (with females often perceived as more likely to experience sexual trauma, and males as more likely to commit a sexual offence). However, there is no evidence looking at these factors in combination. This study aimed to address this gap, asking: “Are experiences of nursing staff working with sex offenders with a history of sexual trauma affected by gender differences, that is, in terms of gender of the staff member, and gender of the client they are working with?” Eight participants, (four male, four female) working within a Forensic Mental Health Service took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five superordinate themes emerged from the data, along with a number of subordinate themes. Superordinate themes included: ‘Gender has a role’, ‘The trauma response’, ‘How we cope’, and ‘What we need’. Nursing staff working with sexual offenders with historic sexual trauma found work to be challenging both emotionally and socially. Such challenges were complicated by the gender interaction between them as professionals, and the patients who have experience of being both victims and perpetrators of sexual abuse.
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Mullen, P., and J. Ogloff. "Providing mental health services to adult offenders in Victoria, Australia: Overcoming barriers." European Psychiatry 24, no. 6 (September 2009): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.003.
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AbstractPurposeTo illustrate the development of the interface between general and forensic mental health services in Victoria, Australia.MethodDeveloping effective cooperation between the general and forensic mental health services requires overcoming a number of barriers. The attitude of general services that antisocial behaviour was none of their business was tackled through ongoing workshops and education days over several years. The resistance to providing care to those disabled by severe personality disorders or substance abuse was reduced by presenting and promoting models of care developed in forensic community and inpatient services which prioritised these areas. The reluctance of general services to accept offenders was reduced by involving general services in court liaison clinics and in prisoner release plans. Cooperation was enhanced by the provision of risk assessments, the sharing of responsibility for troublesome patients, and a problem behaviours clinic to support general services in coping with stalkers, sex offenders and threateners.ConclusionsActive engagement with general services was promoted at the level of providing education, specialised assessments and a referral source for difficult patients. This generated a positive interface between forensic and general mental health services, which improved the quality of care delivered to mentally abnormal offenders.
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Doyle, Dominic J., James Ogloff, and Stuart Thomas. "Designated as Dangerous: Characteristics of Sex Offenders Subject to Post-Sentence Orders in Australia." Australian Psychologist 46, no. 1 (February 25, 2011): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9544.2010.00006.x.
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Mercado, Cynthia Calkins, and James R. P. Ogloff. "Risk and the preventive detention of sex offenders in Australia and the United States." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (January 2007): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2006.02.001.
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Hall, Maggie, and Kate Rossmanith. "Imposed Stories: Prisoner Self-narratives in the Criminal Justice System in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i1.284.
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This article examines the ways in which offenders are required to provide very particular accounts of themselves and to self-narrate in confined ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews conducted in the New South Wales justice system, it explores how the stories that offenders are made to accept and tell about themselves often bear little relationship to their own reflections. It analyses how, despite the expectations of judges and prison authorities, these self-narratives are not products of an offender’s soul-searching concerning his past actions and experience; rather they are products of an official legal narrative being imposed on an offender whose capacity to own and enact such a narrative is already seriously compromised.
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Xuan Teng, Barbara Lim, and Zhooriyati Sehu Mohamad. "Social Well-Being of Juvenile Sex Offenders with Conduct Issues in Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): e001965. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i12.1965.
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Adolescents' ability to converse and form meaningful connections with others, as well as to keep up a social network that helps them to avoid isolation, is greatly aided by their level of social well-being. Juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder exhibit more psychopathology and commit more serious crimes than those without a conduct disorder diagnosis. However, it has been proven that positive peer interactions lessen behaviour problems in adolescents where the negative behaviour in teenagers can be diminishes with increased peer support. To explore how the juvenile sex offenders with conduct issues socialized with peers, seven juvenile sex offenders between the age of 14 to 17 with conduct issues were participated in interviews. The data were collected from two detention centers in Selangor and Perak, Malaysia, and analysed using thematic analysis. This study found that social well-being includes social interaction, peers support, closeness in peer relationships, peer acceptance, and a sense of belonging among juvenile sex offenders with conduct issues in detention centers. It is concluded that social well-being is vital in building emotional resilience among juvenile sex offenders with conduct issues. Positive social well-being allows adolescents to move forward and self-growth while negative social well-being regresses the individual in cognitive, and socio-emotional development. The findings demonstrated the significance of adolescents' social well-being, which helps them maintain their health and develop social and emotional abilities in the detention centre.
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Ellis, Suzanne, Natalie Gately, Shane Rogers, and Andrée Horrigan. "Give Them a Chance: Public Attitudes to Sentencing Young Offenders in Western Australia." Youth Justice 18, no. 2 (August 2018): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225418791660.
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Public opinion is often reported as punitive towards sentencing young people. Attitudes remain important to investigate given their potential to influence policy within the criminal justice system. Therefore, it is important to understand the formation of these attitudes and their consistency with sentencing principles. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 72) and surveys ( n = 502) were used to gauge opinions of sentencing young people under different scenario manipulations (age, weapon, drug treatment, prior record). The findings revealed the public expected punishment, but favoured rehabilitation with an opportunity to repent, suggesting the public are open to alternatives to ‘tough on crime’ approaches.
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Elias, Haneen, and Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia. "On the Lived Experience of Sex Offenders’ Therapists: Their Perceptions of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Consequences and Patterns of Coping." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 4 (April 27, 2016): 848–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516646090.
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In the last two decades, there has been a growing understanding that the therapeutic encounter with sex offenders takes a cost and has consequences on therapists. Despite the increasing research on the consequences of treating sex offenders, these studies in fact, have merely described the consequences, without providing an outlook for how therapists cope with them. The study presented in this article was part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among social workers, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Emphasis is placed on therapists’ perceptions of the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences they experience from treating sex offenders, as well as the strategies they use to cope with these consequences. The study’s central findings concern the therapists’ perception of the intrapersonal consequences, which included two levels: primary responses and cumulative responses, and their perception of the interpersonal consequences that included their parenting relationships, intimate relationships, their attitude toward others (strangers and acquaintances), loss of their quality of life, and further positive consequences. The findings indicated a sequence and integrated use of the strategies to cope with the consequences. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research are discussed.
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Aslan, Deniz, Robert Edelmann, Diane Bray, and Marcia Worrell. "Entering the world of sex offenders: an exploration of offending behaviour patterns of those with both internet and contact sex offences against children." Journal of Forensic Practice 16, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-02-2013-0015.
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Purpose – The relationship between accessing indecent images online and the perpetration of contact child sex offences remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the offence process of offenders who have both such convictions. Design/methodology/approach – A total of eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adult males who had downloaded indecent images and also had a history of contact sex offences against children. Data analysis involved thematic coding based on guidelines suggested by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings – Themes which emerged suggest some similarities (offence process behaviours), but also some differences (developmental factors) between the eight offenders. Data relevant to developmental factors formed two primary themes: childhood attachment difficulties and experiences of childhood abuse, both of which appeared to influence the offence process. Escalating factors generated a further three themes: adult relationships, personality problems and substance use. Five main categories also emerged with regard to offence behaviours: sexually deviant interests, lack of self-control, opportunity, the role of the internet (availability, easy access and anonymity), and cognitive distortions (justifications: interest in challenge and sexual frustration; denial: accidental access and denial of a victim, normalisation; blame: blame on the victim, new technologies and authorities and blame on other factors; and minimisation). Practical implications – A better understanding of the offence process would inform clinical practice with such offenders and aid in the process of prevention. Originality/value – This is the first research to date which explores the rationale provided for their behaviour by those convicted of both internet and contact child sex offences.
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Marotta, Phillip L. "A Systematic Review of Behavioral Health Interventions for Sex Offenders With Intellectual Disabilities." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 148–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215569546.
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This article reviews evaluation studies of programs designed to treat sex offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) published in peer-reviewed journals between 1994 and 2014. The design of this study is mirrored after PRISMA (Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations for conducting a systematic literature review. The study design, study setting, characteristics of participants, type of treatment, and intervention procedures comprise areas of focus for evaluating the implementation of treatment programs. Therapeutic outcomes include changes in attitudes consistent with sex offending, victim empathy, sexual knowledge, cognitive distortions, and problem sexual behaviors. Eighteen treatment evaluation studies were identified from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Cognitive-behavioral treatments were the most commonly delivered treatment modality to sex offenders with IDD. Other less common treatments were dialectical behavioral therapy, problem solving therapy, mindfulness, and relapse prevention. No randomized controlled trials were identified. The most common designs were multiple case studies and pre- and post-treatment assessments with no control and repeated measures follow-up. Small sample sizes, no control groups, and wide variation in treatment length and follow-up time complicate the qualitative synthesis of study findings. Short follow-up times introduce the potential for bias in conclusions surrounding treatment efficacy for many of the studies reviewed in this analysis. The overall quality of studies examining treatments for sex offenders with IDD is poor and requires further development before rendering firm conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions for this population.
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Kim, Hee Joo, and Jurg Gerber. "The Effectiveness of Reintegrative Shaming and Restorative Justice Conferences." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, no. 7 (August 8, 2011): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11418916.
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This article examines the effectiveness of diversionary restorative justice (RJ) conferences through the eyes of juvenile offenders. In Australia, Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) are based on Braithwaite’s theory of reintegrative shaming. Previous studies, although showing that RISE reported high levels of victim satisfaction and positive changes in the attitudes of offenders, also demonstrated that it has different outcomes for juvenile offenders depending on the type of offense with which they were charged. However, the effectiveness of RISE in terms of the offenders’ perceptions has not been addressed, and the impact of the offenders’ perceptions about RISE still remains under investigation. Using Australian data from RISE between 1995 and 1999, this article examines juvenile offenders’ perceptions on preventing reoffending, repaying the victim and society, and the degree of repentance. The data were taken from interviews with juvenile offenders to measure their perceptions after the court or RISE processing. A comparison of standard court processing effects and RISE on juvenile offending, including property crime, shoplifting, and violent offenses, was undertaken. The results from this study were somewhat inconsistent with previous research. In this study, there was no significant relationship between RJ conference and the offenders’ own perceptions on the prevention of future offending. However, it was found that there were treatment effects on repaying the victim, repaying society, and the degree of feeling repentance, and that younger offenders wanted to repay the victim/society and feel repentance.
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Dilmon, Rakefet. "The thought processes of criminals." Pragmatics and Society 11, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.17014.dil.
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Abstract This study examines what may be learned from a semantic analysis of the discourse of criminal groups about elements of the cognitive map of the group’s members. The primary group examined comprised sex offenders who victimized children. The findings were compared with another criminal group – murderers. To examine their shared linguistic characteristics, a study was made of passages from 40 transcribed subject interviews, in which they tell their life stories. The function words from the passages were classified according to semantic fields, in order to identify what psychological and sociological insights can be gained from their use, a similar study was made of normative men’s stories. The semantic fields unique to the sex offenders are presented in this paper, and are compared with the fields used by the other two groups, together with a discussion of the significance of the words included therein.
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Cale, Jesse, Stephen Smallbone, Sue Rayment-McHugh, and Chris Dowling. "Offense Trajectories, the Unfolding of Sexual and Non-Sexual Criminal Activity, and Sex Offense Characteristics of Adolescent Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse 28, no. 8 (August 2, 2016): 791–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215580968.
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The current study examines offending trajectories of adolescent sexual offenders (ASOs). Until recently, classification frameworks have not been designed to account for the heterogeneity of offending patterns in adolescence, how these are associated with the unfolding of sexual and non-sexual criminal activity, and whether and to what extent they are related to the characteristics of sex offenses in adolescence. The current study takes a longitudinal view of offending in adolescence by examining retrospective longitudinal data of 217 ASOs referred for treatment to a clinical service between 2001 and 2009 in Australia. General offending trajectories in adolescence were examined using semi-parametric group-based modeling, and compared according to non-violent non-sexual, violent-non-sexual, and sex offending criminal activity parameters (e.g., participation, onset, frequency, specialization/versatility) and the characteristics of the referral sexual offense. The results show distinct differences in the unfolding of sexual and non-sexual criminal activity along different offending trajectories of ASOs, and further, that these trajectories were differentially associated with the characteristics of the sexual offenses they committed.
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Baxter, Alexandra, and Dr Nerida Chazal. "‘It’s About Survival’: Court constructions of socio-economic constraints on women offenders in Australian human trafficking for sexual exploitation cases." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 18 (April 19, 2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222188.
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Women make up more than half of the offenders convicted for human trafficking for sexual exploitation in Australia since 2005. This article explores how courts construct the financial motivations for women’s offending to examine how gendered structural constraints are considered in Australian trafficking cases. We explore data from the sentencing remarks and appeal transcripts from the ten cases of women convicted for human trafficking and analyse the two most recent cases to explore how women’s financial considerations are underpinned by the gendered socio-economic pressure of supporting family members. Using data from interviews with Australian judges and anti-trafficking experts, we examine the relationship between structural constraints and women’s agency and the relative weight each of these factors are given in sentencing women trafficking offenders. In doing this, we explore the overlap between victimisation and offending and the tensions between structural constraints and agency, arguing that the former must be taken into consideration when sentencing women trafficking offenders.
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Cartwright, Angie D., Jennafer Mountain, Natalya A. Lindo, and Samuel K. Bore. "Inescapable Self-Disclosure: The Lived Experiences of Pregnant Counselors Working With Sexual Offenders." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.1.06.
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This phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of female counselors (N = 13) who provided sex offender counseling services throughout their pregnancies. Through analysis of individual interviews, the authors identified five themes: (a) self-disclosure, (b) desire to hide pregnancy, (c) visible counselor characteristics, (d) differential treatment from clients, and (e) remaining objective through consultation. Implications for counselors working with sexual offenders and recommendations for future practice and research are also provided.
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Payne, Katy-Louise, Katie Maras, Ailsa J. Russell, and Mark J. Brosnan. "Self-reported motivations for offending by autistic sexual offenders." Autism 24, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319858860.
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Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder estimated to have elevated prevalence in forensic populations (approximately 4.5%). It has been suggested that offenders with autism spectrum disorder engage more frequently in crimes against the person and sexual offences than other types of offences such as property, driving and drug offences. To date little is empirically known about the reasons why autistic individuals engage in sexual offences, yet understanding the motivation(s) for offending are key to developing and implementing effective interventions to help reduce both initial offending and also re-offending. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine autistic sexual offenders in prisons and probation services across England and Wales. Thematic analyses revealed five main themes (social difficulties, misunderstanding, sex and relationship deficits, inadequate control and disequilibrium). Analyses indicated that social skills difficulties, lack of perspective/weak central coherence, misunderstanding the seriousness of their behaviours and a lack of appropriate relationships were the main reasons for offending reported by this group of autistic sexual offenders. Findings highlight a need to develop sex and relationship education interventions which are tailored to the needs of autistic individuals, to address both their reported reasons for offending and their reported lack of sexual knowledge and awareness.
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ONG, Rebecca, Sandy SABAPATHY, and Wing Hong CHUI. "Mind the Gap: Hong Kong’s Sexual Conviction Record Scheme." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (December 2015): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2015.10.
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AbstractIt is likely that no criminal behaviour breeds as much condemnation and fear as sex offences. Tragic examples of young victims of sex offenders from around the world have raised societal concerns and prompted calls for increased surveillance and control. It is responsible public policy to address these concerns in ways that will increase public protection and allay unnecessary fears. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, the paper examines Hong Kong’s recently implemented Sexual Conviction Record Check Scheme against the Territory’s low crime victimization rate. Second, it compares the Scheme with pre-employment screening checks in Australia and the UK. The paper finally concludes with proposals for changes to the Scheme.
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Sullivan, Corrinne T. "Pussy Power: A Contemporaneous View of Indigenous Women and Their Role in Sex Work." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030065.
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Sex work is the trade of sexual services in exchange for money or other goods of value. In the context of Indigenous Australia, sex work often produces narratives of victimisation and oppression reinforcing the patriarchal power and colonial dominance that is rife in Australia over Indigenous women’s bodies and behaviours. Drawing from interviews with Indigenous women who are engaged with sex work, this paper challenges these narratives by examining the motivation and meanings that shape Indigenous women’s decisions to undertake sex work, offering a compelling counter-narrative that discusses how Indigenous women seek and enact agency, sexuality, and sovereignty through the pussy power of sex work.
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Mann, Natalie, Priya Devendran, and Samantha Lundrigan. "Policing in a Time of Austerity: Understanding the Public Protection Paradox through Qualitative Interviews with Police Monitoring Officers." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 630–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay047.
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Abstract This article examines the changing nature of public protection police work in a climate of continued austerity and increasing prosecutions for sexual offending, which have made a significant impact on the workloads of police teams who manage and monitor registered sexual offenders in the community. This increase has run parallel to a decrease in the general policing budget, which has seen it cut by an average of 22% across England and Wales [BBC. (2017). Utilizing data from observations and in-depth qualitative interviews with police officers from a force in England, this article highlights the effect which cost-saving measures have had on the professional standards of the police service in the management of sex offenders; how collaborative working practices have been hindered by these austerity measures, and finally how continual cuts have had a detrimental effect on the police’s ability to protect the public.
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Eloir, Julien, Claire Ducro, and Jean-Louis Nandrino. "Determining Sexual Offender Profiles From Life Trajectories." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 5 (February 9, 2019): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219828782.
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To study qualitatively the development of a heteroaggressive behavior, we applied retrospective analytical method based on categorization of life events. The aim of this study was to establish the life trajectories of sexual offenders through interviews with second sources: the inmate’s relatives and psychologists. The life trajectories of incarcerated sexual offenders were retraced to build individual life charts. These life charts grouped individual life events into four main domains: health, life events, the relational sphere, and the judicial and prison sphere. In a sample of 40 inmate participants, four different profiles of sex offenders and therefore life trajectories were identified according to the abovementioned domains: (a) “Early life events and behavior disorders” ( n = 14), (b) “Abandonment issues” ( n = 4), (c) “Behavior and socioaffective disorders” ( n = 9), and (d) “Behavioral hyperadaptation and coldness” ( n = 13). Expert judges classified the life trajectories with satisfactory interjudge agreement ( k = 0.70). This research has clinical implications for integrating different life events into developmental trajectories and focusing psychological support for the individual.