Journal articles: 'Sex instruction – New South Wales'

1

Wakimoto, Diana K. "Public Library Clients Prefer Formal Classes for Initial Training on Library’s Online Resources and Informal, On-Demand Assistance for Further Training." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8090v.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objective – To discover public library clients’ needs and preferences for modes of training on the use of the Internet and the libraries’ online resources and to apply these findings to improve training offered by public library staff. Design – Multiple exploratory case study. Setting – Two public libraries in New South Wales, Australia: a regional library (Mudgee Branch of the Mid-Western Regional Council Library Service) and a metropolitan library (Marrickville Central Library). Subjects – A total of 24 public library clients. The participants were split evenly between the two libraries, with 12 from the Mudgee Branch and 12 from the Marrickville Central. The respondents were further subdivided into two groups based on age (35 to 44 years old and 65 or older) and evenly distributed by sex within the groups. Methods – This study used naturalistic inquiry to frame the multiple exploratory case study of two public libraries. Ruthven used maximum variation sampling to guide the selection of participants. Library staff helped the researcher to identify possible participants at Marrickville, while the researcher advertised for participants at Mudgee Library and at an Internet/database course taught at the Mudgee Business Enterprise Centre. She used snowball sampling to find additional participants at both sites. Ruthven conducted semi-structured interviews with the participants, with questions covering their preferences, recommendations, and needs for online resource training. The data from the interviews and search logs were analyzed using inductive data analysis. Main Results – Participants preferred small group, face-to-face, formalized instruction for initial training on online resources. For further training, participants preferred individualized assistance and immediate support instead of formal classes. They noted a lack of training opportunities and a lack of help from library staff as sources of frustration when trying to learn to use online resources at the public libraries. Conclusion – Public library staff should offer formalized classes for those beginning to learn about using online resources, and focus on ad hoc, individualized assistance for more advanced learners. Since offering this type of instructional program is dependent on staff knowledge and staff availability, library staff members need to be trained in the use of online resources and classroom presentation skills.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Nisbet, Ian, and Katie Seidler. "Characteristics of adolescent sex offenders in New South Wales." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 18, no. 2 (2001): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002842x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCharacteristics of adolescents who sexually offend, their patterns of their offending behaviour and the defining features of their victims are firmly established in the overseas literature. The research literature in Australia, however, is less developed. This study describes the characteristics of a sample of clients of the Sex Offender Program of the New South Wales Department of Juvenile Justice and examines patterns of offence behaviours and related descriptions of victims. Adolescents who sexually offend in NSW have backgrounds of low educational attainment and abuse and a range of other social risk factors, and they are most likely to victimise female children. A typology of adolescent sex offenders based on their offending behaviour is offered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wolk, Jael, and Peter Baume. "Elective admission policies in New South Wales public hospitals." Australian Health Review 21, no. 3 (1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980006.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To assess the existence and content of elective admission policies in New South Wales acute public hospitals.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to managers of all acute public hospitals (n=76).Copies of elective admission policies were sought from respondents. Results wereanalysed with EpiInfo 5.01b and policy content by thematic analysis.Results: Survey response was 91% (69/76). Policies existed in 71% (49/69) of hospitals. Of these, 96% (47/49) disseminated their policy, with 23% (11/47)disseminating it at least annually, 41% (19/47) only when updated, and 32% (15/47) infrequently, with one policy being new (2%) and one hospital not statingits frequency (2%). Policy compliance was assessed in 86% (42/49) of hospitals andguidelines reviewed periodically in 92% (45/49) of hospitals. Twenty per cent(10/49) of the policies had been developed since a departmental instruction of May 1994. Of the 20 acute hospitals with no policy, 75% (15/20) were rural and 85%(17/20) thought they should have a policy. Analysis of policy content revealed emphases on resource availability and clinical need as determinants of elective admission, aninstitutional rather than a patient focus, and a high level of senior nurse managerinvolvement in admission decisions in rural hospitals.Conclusions: Despite a specific departmental instruction, nearly one-third of hospitals still had no admission policy 18 months later. This could be indicative of miscommunication between hospitals and NSW Health or perceived irrelevance ofdepartment guidelines by hospital managers. Existing policies were mostlyinstitutionally focused and dominated by perceived resource limitations. NSW Health might consider other medico-social factors and manager involvement in future policy development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Scott, John, John Hunter, Vanessa Hunter, and Angela Ragusa. "Sex outside the city: Sex work in rural and regional New South Wales." Rural Society 16, no. 2 (January 2006): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.351.16.2.151.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Siedlecky, Stefania. "Sex Education in New South Wales: The "Growing up" Film Series." Health and History 8, no. 2 (2006): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hah.2006.0013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Siedlecky, Stefania. "Sex Education in New South Wales: The "Growing up" Film Series." Health and History 8, no. 2 (2006): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40111545.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Iredale, Robyn, and Christine Fox. "The Impact of Immigration on School Education in New South Wales, Australia." International Migration Review 31, no. 3 (September 1997): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100306.

Full text

Abstract:

Australia's immigration policies have had a dramatic effect on school populations, especially in the state of New South Wales which receives about 40 percent of the intake. This article is based on a study that was carried out for the Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research and the NSW Ministry of Education. The study revealed that many non-English-speaking background pupils miss out on English as a second language instruction, community languages are allowed to lapse, and aspects of the school environment, such as relations between different groups, are not given the attention that they deserve.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mayrl, Damon. "Administering Secularization: Religious Education in New South Wales since 1960." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 1 (April 2011): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397561100004x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper examines the development of religious education policy in the government schools of New South Wales (Australia) since 1960. The New South Wales religious education curriculum features three components: (1) teacher-led “general religious education” (gre); (2) right-of-entry denominational instruction provided by visiting clergy (“special religious education”, or sre); and (3) occasional additional devotional exercises such as hymns and prayers. Between 1960 and 1980, this system underwent a partial secularization. gre was transformed from a straightforward course in Christianity built around government-produced Scripture readers to a flexible curricular component built around the academic study of multiple religions. At the same time, sre was strengthened and had its position in the curriculum secured; and devotional exercises were allowed to continue only in those settings where they formed an “appropriate” match with the community. I find that “secularizing” reforms were most consistently driven by teachers and administrators with practical motives: avoiding controversy, improving working conditions, and facilitating class management. This finding both challenges and complements recent works that interpret secularization as a political process driven by politicians and professionals primarily interested in enhancing their power or prestige at the expense of religious actors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Cregar, Jan, Susan Kippax, and June Crawford. "Sex, Contagion, Control: Prison Officers vs Condoms in New South Wales Gaols." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 3 (December 1996): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900302.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, public health experts have identified prison populations as a target for preventive strategies in order to minimise transmission of HIV among the general community. Public opinion favours supplying condoms to prisoners, but this was successfully resisted by prison officers in New South Wales for eight years. This paper examines expert and community opinions, HIV/AIDS and prison policies, public and correctional discourse, and statements made by prison officers' union representatives. It offers an account of the prison officers' success in blocking condom distribution, based on three major discursive themes emerging from the analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Crofts, Penny, and Jason Prior. "Home Occupation or Brothel? Selling Sex from Home in New South Wales." Urban Policy and Research 30, no. 2 (June 2012): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2012.679923.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Collyer, Fran, and Catherine Heal. "Patient Satisfaction with Sex Re-assignment Surgery in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 3 (2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02039.

Full text

Abstract:

An evaluation of the effect of sex re-assignment surgery on a group of patients attending a private clinic in Sydney, Australia. Fifty-seven patients who underwent full male-to-female sex re-assignment surgery between 1987 and 2000 completed a satisfaction survey. Several factors that might influence the extent of satisfaction with surgical outcome were explored, including age, work status, social life, and the appearance and function of the new genitalia. Patients reported significantly improved social and personal satisfaction following surgery, compared with five years previously. The study challenges outcomes from previously reported studies with regard to the age of patients at the time of surgery, and the finding that from the patient's perspective, there is no fundamental association between a successful surgical outcome and a satisfactory post-operative life experience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gallagher, C. H., J. R. Giles, and E. M. Lonnon. "Plasma Biochemistry of New South Wales Platypuses Ornithorhynchus anatinus." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98193.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to establish baseline data, plasma samples were collected from 139 platypuses in 12 New South Wales rivers seasonally during 1992-1996 for analysis of 23 biochemical parameters. Platypuses were caught in unweighted gill nets as described by Grant and Carrick (1974). The nets were kept under constant surveillance for trapped platypuses which were removed in 5-10 minutes, wrapped in damp, air-permeable bags and kept cool until processed within 30 minutes. Sex and approximate age were determined by spur morphology as described by Temple-Smith (1973). Body condition was assessed by the tail volume index, devised by Grant and Carrick (1978), and body weight and dimensions measured. A 1 ml of blood sample was collected from the upper biII sinus of each animal and stored on ice in a heparinised microtube until centrifuged to collect and freeze the plasma, which was analysed in the Department of Biochemistry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital by the methods of Poulos and Piesse (1995) using an automatic multi analyser for assays other than fat soluble vitamins. Vitamins A and E were assayed by HPLC-UV Detector. Vitamin D was assayed by Radioimmuno-assay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Dolan, Kate, David Lowe, and James Shearer. "Evaluation of the Condom Distribution Program in New South Wales Prisons, Australia." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00457.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Male to male unprotected anal sex is the main route of HIV transmission in Australia. The Australian Study of Health and Relationships, a large, representative population survey of sexual health behaviors, found that six percent of males in the general population have engaged in homosexual activity. These findings were consistent with studies in Europeand North America. Condoms have been shown to reduce the transmission of HIV in the community. Barriers to the use of condoms include access,stigma,and cost? Nevertheless, increased condom use has been reported among homosexual males, sex workers and injecting drug users although recent declines in condom use among homosexuals has presented new challenges in HIV prevention.The prevalence of male to male sexual activity may be higher in prison than in the general population. Sexual activity in prison can be consensual and non-consensual involving both homosexual / bisexual and heterosexual men.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wotton, Rachel. "Sex Workers Who Provide Services to Clients With Disability in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Sexual Medicine 14, no. 5 (May 2017): e252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.248.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Butler, T., B. Donovan, J. Taylor, A. L. Cunningham, A. Mindel, M. Levy, and J. Kaldor. "Herpes simplex virus type 2 in prisoners, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462001915174.

Full text

Abstract:

Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies in male and female prisoners. A cross-sectional random sample was used consisting of 789 prisoners (657 males and 132 females) from 27 correctional centres across New South Wales (NSW), stratified by sex, age and Aboriginality. Participants were questioned about demographics and behavioural risk factors and were screened for serum antibody to HSV-2. The overall prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (58%) than males (21%), and in Aborigines (34%) compared with non-Aborigines (24%). HSV-2 prevalence increased with the number of sexual partners. Few prisoners (1%) reported a previous diagnosis of genital herpes. Independent risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 antibodies were increasing age and Aboriginality for men, and higher reported number of lifetime sexual partners and the presence of hepatitis C antibodies for women. HSV-2 infection is common in prison inmates. There is a need to incorporate information about STDs, including HSV-2, into education programmes for inmates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Robertson, S. M., M. A. Friend, and B. J. King. "Mild congenital goitre increases lamb mortality in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08005.

Full text

Abstract:

Congenital goitre, symptomatic of iodine deficiency, can be associated with elevated levels of lamb mortality. This study details an outbreak east of Wagga Wagga in southern NSW, where goitre has previously not been documented. Measurements were taken on flocks at two sites near Ladysmith. Up to 82% of dead lambs had thyroid : weight ratios of more than 0.4 g/kg bodyweight, potentially large enough to affect survival. Up to 16% of lambs surviving to marking had enlarged thyroids (i.e. estimated by palpation). Lambs with enlarged thyroids may be more prone to dystocia, with ewes requiring assistance at delivery. Sex and birthweight were not related to thyroid size, but of lambs surviving to marking, a greater proportion of Merino than crossbred lambs had enlarged thyroids. At the second site, growth rate from birth to marking but not to weaning was reduced in lambs with higher thyroid scores. The high incidence of goitre in these flocks suggests that iodine deficiency may be an important factor in lamb mortality in some years in this region, but is unlikely to be detected due to the relatively small degree of thyroid enlargement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Morgan, Lucy C., Helen E. Peters, Christopher W. Clarke, Matthew J. Peters, and David Grayson. "Lung cancer in New South Wales: current trends and the influence of age and sex." Medical Journal of Australia 172, no. 12 (June 2000): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb124122.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Degenhardt, Louisa, Carolyn Day, Elizabeth Conroy, and Stuart Gilmour. "Examining links between cocaine use and street‐based sex work in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Sex Research 43, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490609552305.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Jackson, Caroline A., Cathie L. M. Sudlow, and Gita D. Mishra. "Education, sex and risk of stroke: a prospective cohort study in New South Wales, Australia." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e024070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024070.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo determine whether the association between highest educational attainment and stroke differed by sex and age; and whether potential mediators of observed associations differ by sex.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPopulation based, New South Wales, Australia.Participants253 657 stroke-free participants from the New South Wales 45 and Up Study.Outcome measuresFirst-ever stroke events, identified through linkage to hospital and mortality records.ResultsDuring mean follow-up of 4.7 years, 2031 and 1528 strokes occurred among men and women, respectively. Age-standardised stroke rate was inversely associated with education level, with the absolute risk difference between the lowest and highest education group greater among women than men. In relative terms, stroke risk was slightly more pronounced in women than men when comparing low versus high education (age-adjusted HRs: 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71 and 1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.46, respectively), but there was no clear evidence of statistical interaction. This association persisted into older age, but attenuated. Much of the increased stroke risk was explained by modifiable lifestyle factors, in both men and women.ConclusionLow education is associated with increased stroke risk in men and women, and may be marginally steeper in women than men. This disadvantage attenuates but persists into older age, particularly for women. Modifiable risk factors account for much of the excess risk from low education level. Public health policy and governmental decision-making should reflect the importance of education, for both men and women, for positive health throughout the life course.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bryant, Joanne, James Ward, Heather Worth, Peter Hull, Sarina Solar, and Sandra Bailey. "Safer sex and condom use: a convenience sample of Aboriginal young people in New South Wales." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10138.

Full text

Abstract:

Background This paper examines condom use in a sample of Aboriginal young people in New South Wales (NSW) aged 16–30 years. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected using hand-held computer devices from 293 Aboriginal people attending two Aboriginal events in NSW. Results: Almost two-thirds of respondents reported having had a casual sex partner in the previous 6 months. Of these, 39.2% reported always using a condom with casual partners. Having always used a condom with casual partners varied among respondents, and was more likely among younger respondents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.1) and less likely among those who used illicit drugs (AOR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Conclusions: In comparison to published studies of other Australians, casual sex appears to be more common among this sample of Aboriginal young people; however, the proportion who report having always used condoms with casual partners is very similar. This suggests that although casual sex is more common, Aboriginal young people do not engage in risky behaviour any more often than other young Australians. Further work should be conducted with those who do not always use condoms, such as those who are older and who use illicit drugs, particularly with regards to how abstinence from drug use supports protective behaviours such as condom use among this population of Aboriginal young people.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Clancy, TF, and DB Croft. "Population dynamics of the common wallaroo (Macropus robustus erubescens) in arid New South Wales." Wildlife Research 19, no. 1 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920001.

Full text

Abstract:

The population dynamics of the common wallaroo or euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were investigated in two adjacent sites in far western New South Wales. Wallaroo densities were generally higher in a site of high relief (South Ridge) than in one of low relief (South Sandstone); however, both sites exhibited large fluctuations in numbers (ranges of 2.23-18.31 per km*2 and 3.48-19.99 per km*2, respectively). The proportion of adult males relative to adult females was significantly higher in South Sandstone (c. 1.1 : 1) than in South Ridge (c. 0.4: 1), indicating a difference in habitat usage by the sexes. At both sites, fluctuations in overall density were best explained by changes in the density of adult females; however, the relative importance of changes in the numbers of other size-sex classes in determining density fluctuations differed between the two sites. Total density was significantly related to the previous rainfall regime in South Ridge but not in South Sandstone. Reproductive condition of females and survivorship of young were related to environmental conditions. Adult mortality ranged from 4.55 to 25.81% per year and adult survivorship was positively correlated with the abundance of grass. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that dispersal of subadults is predominantly a male phenomenon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Young, Carmel. "Concerns and Issues Relating to the Education of Talented Girls (A New South Wales perspective)." Gifted Education International 5, no. 3 (September 1988): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142948800500311.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is not concerned with a description and analysis of programs for talented girls, rather the intention is to focus on a series of issues which affect the educational opportunities of all females and have implications for the success of talented girls. Few women in Australian society realise their intellectual and creative potential. The factors which prohibit this actualisation are common to the talented and ‘mainstreamer’. Until these problems of educational disadvantage are broached and appropriate strategies devised to ameliorate the malaise of female under-achievement in general, then the specific difficulties encountered by the talented female will remain unaddressed. Formal recognition at a National and State level of the special needs of girls is relatively recent. However, concern for the talented has a longer history, commencing in N.S.W. in the 1930's with the establishment of opportunity classes at a primary level, the setting up of selective single-sex high schools (1930–42) and ability streaming of students in comprehensive schools. Few of these early strategies to develop the potential and ensure the post-schooling success of girls were successful. Other factors were at work; gender stereotyping of roles, a sex differentiated curriculum and limitations placed on access to various career paths. Although initiatives are in place to counter these restrictions, many of these factors still inhibit girls from realising their talents and potential. These are the issues investigated in this paper with emphasis on the N.S.W. experience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Harcourt, Christine, Ingrid van Beek, Jenny Heslop, Maria McMahon, and Basil Donovan. "The health and welfare needs of female and transgender street sex workers in New South Wales." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25, no. 1 (February 2001): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00556.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Aroney, Eurydice, and Penny Crofts. "How Sex Worker Activism Influenced the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in NSW, Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i2.955.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2015, Amnesty International joined over 200 sex worker organisations in the call for nations to decriminalise sex work. Despite this, only two jurisdictions in the world, New Zealand and New South Wales (NSW; Australia), have adopted this approach. This article examines the role that sex worker activists played in sex work law reform in NSW through their representative organisation, the Australian Prostitutes Collective (APC). The APC produced and submitted groundbreaking research to the Select Committee of the NSW Legislative Assembly on Prostitution (1983–1986) whose recommendations laid the foundation for the decriminalisation of sex work in NSW. This article contributes to a developing history of the contribution of sex worker activism to law reform. It explores why it is so important that sex worker voices are included in the process of reform, and how meaningful consultation with sex workers helped shape and invoke a radical policy and legal transformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lancaster, Judith. "Who benefits from the equalising of age of consent provisions?: A critical analysis of the Wood Royal Commission Paedophile Inquiry recommendation for a lower minimum age of consent." Children Australia 26, no. 1 (2001): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010087.

Full text

Abstract:

When the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service released its final Report on the Paedophile Inquiry in August 1997, its recommendation to remove the distinction between heterosexual and female homosexual sex and male homosexual sex by lowering the age currently set for the latter category surprised many citizens. There was concern, firstly, about the fact that the lack of satisfactory protective mechanisms in the prevailing laws would escape investigation and, secondly, that acts previously understood to be paedophilia and pederasty would be de-criminalised, thereby increasing the vulnerability of young Australians to sexual predators.The Crimes Amendment (Sexual Offences) Bill, introduced into the New South Wales Parliament in October 1997, and reintroduced in 1999, suggests a firm determination to implement the Royal Commission recommendation on consent, notwithstanding the fact that such change would be implemented in the absence of community debate and without addressing the implications of de-criminalisation. Although the Bill was rejected in the Upper House on both occasions, it is believed that further attempts will be made in the near future and, again, it will be in the absence of broad community debate. It is also widely believed that, should a change of this nature be implemented in New South Wales, it will have implications for children in other states across Australia.This paper explores the implications of equalising at a lower rather than higher minimum age of consent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jones, Jennifer, Noeline Kyle, and Jan Black. "The Tidy Classroom: An Assessment of the Change from Single-sex Schooling to Coeducation in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Education 31, no. 3 (November 1987): 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418703100305.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines perceived changes occurring as a result of the move from single-sex schooling to coeducation. The work is both historical and sociological. The history of coeducational, mixed and single-sex schooling is examined, together with recent research findings. Students from five schools ( N = 113) across three years (9, 10, 11) and from four different socioeconomic regions were interviewed. While students believed that the move to coeducation had been a positive one, particularly in terms of social relationships, other findings were not so clear-cut—for example, with regard to perceived competition and allocation of teachers' time. There is also evidence that, as with other studies, class and gender relations continue to have an impact on coeducation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Maze, KM, and RDB Whalley. "Sex-Ratios and Related Characteristics in Spinifex sericeus (Poaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 2 (1990): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900153.

Full text

Abstract:

Spinifex sericeus R.Br. is a dioecious, stoloniferous grass which occurs on sand dunes around much of the south-eastern coastline of Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Sex ratios of ramets of S. sericeus and some associated characteristics were studied on the mid-north coast of New South Wales. Generally there was a male bias in the observed ramet sex ratio, although the extent of this bias varied with the beach investigated, the position in the dunes and the time of sampling. Male inflorescences matured and died more rapidly than females, and hence the observed male bias was greatest at the beginning of the flowering period. Male ramets were found to have more sexual tillers per clump than female ramets. The genet sex ratio was estimated from plants grown from seed and separated from each other throughout the experimental period. Males and females were found to be equal in number, although this equality may not be a true reflection of the genet sex ratio in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Khan, Asaduzzaman, David Plummer, Rafat Hussain, and Victor Minichiello. "Sexual risk assessment in general practice: evidence from a New South Wales survey." Sexual Health 4, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06012.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Physicians’ inadequate involvement in sexual risk assessment has the potential to miss many asymptomatic cases. The present study was conducted to explore sexual risk assessment by physicians in clinical practice and to identify barriers in eliciting sexual histories from patients. Methods: A stratified random sample of 15% of general practitioners (GP) from New South Wales was surveyed to assess their management of sexually transmissible infections (STI). In total, 409 GP participated in the survey with a response rate of 45.4%. Results: Although nearly 70% of GP regularly elicited a sexual history from commercial sex workers whose presenting complaint was not an STI, this history taking was much lower (<10%) among GP for patients who were young or heterosexual. About 23% never took a sexual history from Indigenous patients and 19% never elicited this history from lesbian patients. Lack of time was the most commonly cited barrier in sexual history taking (55%), followed by a concern that patients might feel uncomfortable if a sexual history was taken (49%). Other constraints were presence of another person (39%) and physician’s embarrassment (15%). About 19% of GP indicated that further training in sexual history taking could improve their practice. Conclusions: The present study identifies inconsistent involvement by GP in taking sexual histories, which can result in missed opportunities for early detection of many STI. Options for overcoming barriers to taking sexual histories by GP are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Martens, K., P. Deckker, and TG Marples. "Life history of Mytilocypris henricae (Chapman) (Crustacea: Ostracoda) in Lake Bathurst, New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 6 (1985): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850807.

Full text

Abstract:

The life history of the halobiont ostracod M. henricae was studied over a 2.5-year period in Lake Bathurst, a slightly saline lake in New South Wales. Samples were collected monthly or bimonthly between March 1981 and May 1982 and weekly between August 1982 and June 1983. Relative abundance of all nine life stages (eight larval stages and one adult stage) in the samples was determined. Furthermore, in 10 selected monthly samples, sex-ratio, relative abundance of three female maturity stages and number of eggs in uteri of ovigerous females were monitored. Nearly all life stages were present throughout the year and M. henricae is thus a perennial form in Lake Bathurst. Relative abundance of life stages suggests that M. henricae produces three successive generations per year. The spring generation, hatched from eggs laid during winter, matures around November-December. Its larval development takes between 4 and 5 months. The summer generation matures after a larval development of 2.5 months; this short period is ascribed to more favourable temperatures. The autumn generation takes about 4 months to mature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Prior, Jason, Phil Hubbard, and Philip Birch. "Sex Worker Victimization, Modes of Working, and Location in New South Wales, Australia: A Geography of Victimization." Journal of Sex Research 50, no. 6 (August 2013): 574–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.668975.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

McGrath, Andrew. "Intersections of Indigenous status, sex and age in sentencing decisions in the New South Wales Children’s Court." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 49, no. 1 (September 22, 2014): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865814551614.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Sanchez-Camara, Jaime, David J. Booth, John Murdoch, David Watts, and Xavier Turon. "Density, habitat use and behaviour of the weedy seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Teleostei:Syngnathidae) around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 7 (2006): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05220.

Full text

Abstract:

The vulnerability of marine fish species, particularly those inhabiting coastal waters, is an increasingly important issue in marine conservation. Although the weedy seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacepede, 1804), a syngnathid fish endemic to southern Australia, is legally protected in New South Wales, there are no studies on population density, habitat use and behaviour to support this protection. We investigated the abundance, sex ratios and distribution of the weedy seadragon at three sites near Sydney, Australia. The distribution, density and sex ratios of seadragons were temporally stable, suggesting no large-scale seasonal migrations. Estimated population densities varied among sites from 10 individuals per ha to 65 individuals per ha, with sex ratios close to 1 : 1. Survival rates from one encounter to the next (approximately weekly) were high, being slightly lower for males (0.985 ± 0.006, mean ± se) and females (0.987 ± 0.005) compared with juveniles (1.000 ± 0.000). All size classes and both sexes were most common near the border of kelp and sand except when exhibiting hiding behaviour, when they were more often found in kelp beds. Kelp beds were the least-used habitat when feeding. Pregnant males tended to hide more often than other groups and therefore were more frequently found in kelp and kelp patches. Seadragons tended to be solitary, although pairing and grouping behaviour was also observed. Results of the present study show that weedy seadragons are resident in the same area throughout the year and have a strong affinity with heavily weeded rock and/or sand habitat. It is therefore recommended that the current species-based protection laws be used in concert with habitat-protection zones as a necessary measure to ensure the conservation of weedy seadragon populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Graham, Ken J. "Distribution, population structure and biological aspects of Squalus spp. (Chondrichthyes:Squaliformes) from New South Wales and adjacent Australian waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 4 (2005): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04275.

Full text

Abstract:

Four species of Squalus dogsharks, S. megalops, S. cf. mitsukurii, Squalus sp. B and Squalus sp. F inhabit shelf and upper-slope depths off New South Wales and adjacent Australian states. During fishery surveys between 1976 and 2001, distributional, size composition and reproductive data were collected for these species. Adult size classes dominated catches and, for S. megalops, heavily biased sex ratios were observed. Although no female data were available for the rarely caught Squalus sp. B, reproduction in the other three species was found to be continuous with no evidence of seasonality. Fecundity was 1–3 embryos for S. megalops, 1–5 for Squalus sp. F and 4–10 for S. cf. mitsukurii. All species are commercially exploited, contributing to the mixed species demersal trawl fishery off New South Wales. Stocks of some species are greatly depleted on the main trawling grounds, but the overall distributions of all species include large areas of lightly exploited habitat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Molsher, Robyn, Chris Dickman, Alan Newsome, and Warren Müller. "Home ranges of feral cats (Felis catus) in central-western New South Wales, Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 7 (2005): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04093.

Full text

Abstract:

Twenty-one feral cats were radio-tracked using direct sighting and triangulation techniques (amassing 730 location fixes) during winter in an agricultural landscape in central-western New South Wales. Factors affecting home-range size, home-range overlap and habitat use were assessed. Mean home-range size was 248 ha (s.e. = 34.9, n = 15 cats, 598 location fixes). Home-range size and habitat use were not influenced by sex or age of adult cats, prey abundance or time of day. However, cat weight significantly influenced range size, with heavier cats having larger ranges than smaller cats. Although the cats are apparently solitary, their home ranges overlapped considerably, particularly between young adults and old adult cats. Cats were active both by day and night and did not occupy permanent dens. Home ranges encompassed mixed habitat types that provided both shelter and prey. Open woodland and open forest were the main habitat types covered by home ranges, but within these areas cats showed a preference for grassland, where rabbits were more abundant. The results recorded in this study indicate that cat-control programs should concentrate in mixed habitat areas, where both shelter and food are available, and over widely dispersed areas. The absence of group living suggests that the effectiveness of virally vectored fertility or biological control agents would be limited.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ishak, Maged. "Differentials in hospital admission rates for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in New South Wales." Australian Health Review 21, no. 1 (1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980116.

Full text

Abstract:

The indigenous Australian population is well known to have higher rates of morbidityand mortality than the rest of the Australian population. The study reported in thispaper demonstrates the use of hospital admission data from New South Wales tomonitor the health circumstances and the main areas of differentials of the indigenouspopulation in relation to access to primary health care services. The study covers theperiod from 1989 to 1995. In providing a statistical approach to analysing largeroutine databases, the major results have been to provide estimates of the hospitaladmission rates by residential area, sex and age of patient, and to highlight the maindifferences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Huang, Amy L. "De-stigmatizing sex work: Building knowledge for social work." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2015): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v18i1.850.

Full text

Abstract:

This qualitative study illuminates a controversial perspective of sex work arguing that it should be treated as a legitimate occupation. The article draws on a series of interviews with sex workers, social workers and experts working in areas of support for sex workers in Sydney, New South Wales. Sex workers, social workers and experts’ perception is that sex work was perceived as empowering for sex workers. Contrary to the common images of sex workers as drug users, victims of violence or glamorous women, most of the sex workers in this study did not fit any of the common stereotypes. Sex workers also preferred to obtain support from other sex workers rather than more ‘powerful’ professionals. These findings have implications for social work and appear to demand greater support for opportunities for sex workers to have peer-to-peer interactions and support and understanding from professionals to provide them optimal support if they wanted to remain in the sex industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Dudley, Michael, Norman Kelk, Tony Florio, Brent Waters, John Howard, and Darryl Taylor. "Coroners' Records of Rural and Non-Rural Cases of Youth Suicide in New South Wales." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (April 1998): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809062735.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of certain putative risk factors for youth suicide in New South Wales (especially use of alcohol, social class, unemployment, and internal migration) in metropolitan and rural settings. Method: A review of 137 files for 10–19-year-old subjects judged by the Coroner to have committed suicide in 1988–1990 was carried out. Results: One hundred and fifteen males and 21 females were identified (one subject's sex was unavailable). The male-female ratio was higher in rural (13.0) areas than non-rural (4.9; χ2 = 12.14, p<0.01). Of 27 subjects migrating within Australia, most migrated in a rural direction, and most to rural shires. Unemployment was somewhat more common among rural (38.5%) than non-rural (28.9%) subjects (χ2 = 0.75, p = 0.39). Eleven of 50 non-rural parents of the deceased, but none of the 11 rural parents, were ranked as being in social classes 2 or 3. Alcohol consumption appeared more common in rural shires (44%) than metropolitan areas (32.9%), but this was not statistically significant. Medical services were less utilised prior to death in rural (15%) than non-rural (25%) areas (χ2 = 1.69, p = 0.19), and a psychiatric diagnosis was recorded more commonly in non-rural areas. Conclusions: Incomplete coronial file data and relatively small numbers limit this study's conclusions. Male suicides, principally by firearms, predominated in rural areas. Youth firearm access remains highly relevant to rural communities. Possible trends among rural subjects toward rural migration, higher unemployment, lower social class and lower medical attendance may point to resource deprivation among this group; these matters require further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Prior, Jason, and Penny Crofts. "Is Your House a Brothel? Prostitution Policy, Provision of Sex Services from Home, and the Maintenance of Respectable Domesticity." Social Policy and Society 14, no. 1 (August 28, 2014): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000335.

Full text

Abstract:

Policy debates on commercial sex services provide increasingly complex insights into work on the street and in large commercial sex premises, yet remain largely silent on the contribution of the domestic realm to commercial sex, despite estimates that it accounts for a significant proportion of all commercial sex transactions. Policies that affect home-based sex work are ambiguous and at times contradictory, veering from the promotion of working from home to anxieties about the assumed offensiveness of sex work. These policies have been often developed without direct consideration of home-based sex work and in the absence of evidence. Remedying this silence, this article analyses policy development for, and the experiences of, home-based sex workers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The article concludes that working from home provides sex workers with opportunities for autonomy and wellbeing that are not available in other sex service environments, with minimal amenity impacts to the community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Stephens, Alexandre S., Leena Gupta, Sarah Thackway, and Richard A. Broome. "Socioeconomic, remoteness and sex differences in life expectancy in New South Wales, Australia, 2001–2012: a population-based study." BMJ Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): e013227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013227.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bernard, Diana, Susan Kippax, and Don Baxter. "Effective partnership and adequate investment underpin a successful response: key factors in dealing with HIV increases." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07078.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Australia has mounted an effective response to HIV and AIDS by investing in evidence-informed policy. Recently, in response to increases in HIV in some states in Australia, the New South Wales Department of Health set up a ‘think tank’ to examine differences in epidemiological and behavioural data, policies, strategies and community responses in order to account for state-based differences and ensure an effective ongoing response to HIV. Methods: The National Centre in HIV Social Research undertook key informant interviews with major stakeholders to help understand differences in responses by the three states most affected by HIV in Australia – Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. In parallel, the Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations completed an analysis of the investments in HIV-prevention activities targeting gay men in all jurisdictions in Australia. The Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations also analysed the strategic contexts and government responses to HIV in the three states. Results: There were significant differences between New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria in the way the HIV partnership functions. Type of prevention strategy and level of financial investment in prevention activities appear to be related to the effectiveness of the ongoing response to HIV. Conclusions: An active commitment to and adequate resourcing of HIV prevention by all stakeholders in the HIV partnership – government and non-government departments, researchers and gay community organisations – is crucial if Australia is to respond effectively to HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Molsher, R. L., E. J. Gifford, and J. C. McIlroy. "Temporal, spatial and individual variation in the diet of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 6 (2000): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99015.

Full text

Abstract:

This study describes temporal, spatial and individual variation in the diet of 255 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) collected from agricultural land in central New South Wales from July 1994 to November 1996. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), sheep (Ovis aries), eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and invertebrates were the most important food items overall. Significant seasonal variations, and sex and age differences between foxes occurred in the consumption of some food types. Some temporal synchrony was also evident, with different individuals often eating similar foods on the same night. This may have been related to moonlight. On full moon nights, foxes ate rabbits and small mammals significantly less often than during other moon phases. The management implications of variation in diet are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Kirby, GC, BA Barlow, and S. Habel. "Sex-Ratios in a Gynodioecious Plant Ptilotus obovatus (Gaudich) F-Muell (Amaranthaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 6 (1987): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870679.

Full text

Abstract:

Ptilotus obovatus is a gynodioecious perennial shrub with diploid and tetraploid cytotypes and is widespread in arid Australia. This study involved sex ratio counts in colonies of both cytotypes across much of the species range. Samples from diploid colonies had high frequencies of females (>55%) in Western Australia, low frequencies (<41%) in South Australia, and variable frequencies (36-77%) in southwestern Queensland. Tetraploid colonies had the opposite trend with low frequencies of females (<47%) in Western Australia and high frequencies (>54%) in the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales. Ptilotus obovatus appears to be subdivided into at least five biotypes with distinct ploidy levels and sex ratios. We suggest that tetraploidy arose at least twice from diploid ancestors with different sex ratios and that the present distribution of cytotypes may reflect dispersal from refugia after recent arid maxima. The study of the genetics of male sterility in this species was impeded by the remarkably low seed set of plants in glasshouse crosses and in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

VALERIO, ALEJANDRO A., LUBOMÍR MASNER, ANDREW D. AUSTIN, and NORMAN F. JOHNSON. "The genus Neuroscelio Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) reviewed: new species, distributional update, and discussion of relationships." Zootaxa 2306, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2306.1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The genus Neuroscelio Dodd is revised and two new species are described: N. lagunai n. sp. (Australia) and N. orientalis n. sp. (Vietnam). An update to the identification key for Neuroscelio species is presented. The male of N. doddi Galloway, Masner & Austin is described, the first record of this sex for the genus. The geographic distribution of Neuroscelio is expanded to include South Australia and New South Wales in Australia, and the Oriental region. The relationships of Neuroscelio are discussed: the genus is removed from the tribe Gryonini. It does not appear to be closely related to any extant genera but is similar in several morphological aspects to the Eocene genus Brachyscelio Brues and the Cretaceous genus Cenomanoscelio Schlüter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Lunney, Daniel, Alison Matthews, and Jan Grigg. "The diet of Antechinus agilis and A. swainsonii in unlogged and regenerating sites in Mumbulla State Forest, south-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 28, no. 5 (2001): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00015.

Full text

Abstract:

Analyses of the diets of Antechinus agilis and A. swainsonii from Mumbulla State Forest examined possible differences between species, sexes, logging treatment and aspect. Taxa from 15 orders were identified in the diet, and were predominantly terrestrial invertebrates. Overall, the dietary components were similar for each species, but the frequencies taken showed some differences. A. swainsonii ate more Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Blattodea egg capsules, while A. agilis ate more weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Male A. agilis ate more coleopteran larvae, while females ate more Araneae. This difference in Araneae in the diet between sexes of A. agilis was significant in logged forest but not in unlogged forest. Female A. swainsonii ate more Isoptera than did males. The frequency of occurrence of lepidopteran larvae taken by A. agilis differed across the three age-classes of forest, with more taken in 26–34-year-old regrowth forest and none in unlogged forest. Vertebrate remains – small skinks (Lampropholis spp.) and feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus) – were found only in A. agilis; these occurred infrequently in the diet. These interspecific differences, sex differences and, most importantly, differences between age classes of forest warrant further investigation, particularly those relating to foraging patterns and prey availability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Di Giallonardo, Francesca, Angie Pinto, Phillip Keen, Ansari Shaik, Alex Carrera, Hanan Salem, Christine Selvey, et al. "Increased HIV Subtype Diversity Reflecting Demographic Changes in the HIV Epidemic in New South Wales, Australia." Viruses 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121402.

Full text

Abstract:

Changes over time in HIV-1 subtype diversity within a population reflect changes in factors influencing the development of local epidemics. Here we report on the genetic diversity of 2364 reverse transcriptase sequences from people living with HIV-1 in New South Wales (NSW) notified between 2004 and 2018. These data represent >70% of all new HIV-1 notifications in the state over this period. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify subtype-specific transmission clusters. Subtype B and non-B infections differed across all demographics analysed (p < 0.001). We found a strong positive association for infections among females, individuals not born in Australia or reporting heterosexual transmission being of non-B origin. Further, we found an overall increase in non-B infections among men who have sex with men from 50 to 79% in the last 10 years. However, we also found differences between non-B subtypes; heterosexual transmission was positively associated with subtype C only. In addition, the majority of subtype B infections were associated with clusters, while the majority of non-B infections were singletons. However, we found seven non-B clusters (≥5 sequences) indicative of local ongoing transmission. In conclusion, we present how the HIV-1 epidemic has changed over time in NSW, becoming more heterogeneous with distinct subtype-specific demographic associations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gray, C. A., V. J. Gale, S. L. Stringfellow, and L. P. Raines. "Variations in sex, length and age compositions of commercial catches of Platycephalus fuscus (Pisces : Platycephalidae) in New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 7 (2002): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02036.

Full text

Abstract:

Commercial landings of dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) from four estuaries in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were sampled for data on sex, length and age composition between February and July each year for 2–3 years between 1995 and 1997. Landings primarily contained female fish, ranging from 55% to 93% by number for different estuaries. Flathead sampled in commercial catches ranged from 30 cm to 96 cm total length (TL), but the majority were 33–50 cm TL. Fish >40 cm TL were primarily female and male fish >45 cm TL were uncommon. The length composition of catches differed between gillnets of different mesh sizes, with the average length of fish being least in the smallest allowed mesh size of 70 mm. Fish were aged by otolith interpretation and the analysis of marginal increments indicated that one opaque and one translucent growth zone was formed each year; the opaque zone being deposited in June–August (winter) and first observed in September–October (spring). Commercial landings included fish aged 2–11+ years, but fish aged 2–4+ years dominated landings in all estuaries. The total mortality of dusky flathead in each estuary was estimated by catch curve analysis and was relatively high, ranging from 0.45 to 1.64. The data indicate that dusky flathead may be heavily exploited in NSW.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Dougan, S., Alan Smith, J. C. Tosswill, K. Davison, M. Zuckerman, and G. P. Taylor. "New diagnoses of HTLV infection in England and Wales: 2002-2004." Eurosurveillance 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.10.10.00569-en.

Full text

Abstract:

Human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are retroviruses transmitted through breastfeeding, sexual contact, blood transfusion and injecting drug use. HTLV is endemic in the Caribbean, and parts of Africa, Japan and South America, with isolated foci in other areas. Infection is life long. Fewer than 5% of those infected progress to one of the HTLV-related diseases, but these are debilitating and often fatal. In England and Wales, laboratory and clinical reports of new HTLV diagnoses are routinely collected, including infections identified by the blood service since the introduction of anti-HTLV testing in August 2002. Between 2002 and 2004, 273 individuals were diagnosed with HTLV: 102 (37%) were male and 169 female (sex was not reported for two). Median ages at diagnosis were 54 and 50 years respectively. Clinical reports were received for 78% (212/273) individuals. Where reported, 58% (116/199) of individuals were of black Caribbean ethnicity and 29% (57/199) white; 87% (128/147) were probably infected heterosexually or through mother-to-child transmission; 45% (66/146) were probably infected in the Caribbean and 40% (59/146) in the United Kingdom. An appreciable number of HTLV infections continue to be diagnosed within England and Wales, with increases in 2002-2003 because of anti-HTLV testing of blood donations. While most infections diagnosed are directly associated with the Caribbean, transmission of HTLV infection is occurring within England and Wales. Specialist care services for HTLV-infected individuals and their families have improved in recent years, but prevention remains limited.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Goldsbury, David E., Eleonora Feletto, Marianne F. Weber, Philip Haywood, Alison Pearce, Jie-Bin Lew, Joachim Worthington, et al. "Health system costs and days in hospital for colorectal cancer patients in New South Wales, Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260088.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) care costs the Australian healthcare system more than any other cancer. We estimated costs and days in hospital for CRC cases, stratified by site (colon/rectal cancer) and disease stage, to inform detailed analyses of CRC-related healthcare. Methods Incident CRC patients were identified using the Australian 45 and Up Study cohort linked with cancer registry records. We analysed linked hospital admission records, emergency department records, and reimbursement records for government-subsidised medical services and prescription medicines. Cases’ health system costs (2020 Australian dollars) and hospital days were compared with those for cancer-free controls (matched by age, sex, geography, smoking) to estimate excess resources by phase of care, analysed by sociodemographic, health, and disease characteristics. Results 1200 colon and 546 rectal cancer cases were diagnosed 2006–2013, and followed up to June 2016. Eighty-nine percent of cases had surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and excess costs were predominantly for hospitalisations. Initial phase (12 months post-diagnosis) mean excess health system costs were $50,434 for colon and $60,877 for rectal cancer cases, with means of 16 and 18.5 excess hospital days, respectively. The annual continuing mean excess costs were $6,779 (colon) and $8,336 (rectal), with a mean of 2 excess hospital days each. Resources utilised (costs and days) in these phases increased with more advanced disease, comorbidities, and younger age. Mean excess costs in the year before death were $74,952 (colon) and $67,733 (rectal), with means of 34 and 30 excess hospital days, respectively–resources utilised were similar across all characteristics, apart from lower costs for cases aged ≥75 at diagnosis. Conclusions Health system costs and hospital utilisation for CRC care are greater for people with more advanced disease. These findings provide a benchmark, and will help inform future cost-effectiveness analyses of potential approaches to CRC screening and treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Visser, Hannah, Megan Passey, Emma Walke, and Sue Devlin. "Screening for latent tuberculosis infection by an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service, New South Wales, Australia, 2015." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2018.9.2.010.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: Ongoing transmission of tuberculosis (TB) continues in Indigenous communities in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. In a pilot project, a Public Health Unit TB team partnered with an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) in a community with a cluster of TB to augment screening for latent TB infection (LTBI) using interferongamma release assay (IGRA). This study examined screening data and programme outcomes at 12 months post hoc to advise practice and policy formulation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of demographic and clinical data of ACCHS patients, stratified by IGRA testing status. Differences in sex and age distribution between the groups and cases of a genetically and epidemiologically linked TB cluster in Aboriginal people in NSW were assessed using non-parametric tests. Results: Of 2019 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people seen by general practitioners during the study period, 135 (6.7%) participated in the screening. Twenty-four (17.8%) participants were IGRA positive. One person was diagnosed with active TB. Twelve participants received a chest X-ray at the time of the positive test, and six participants had an additional chest X-ray within 12 months. None commenced preventive treatment for LTBI. Discussion: ACCHS screening for LTBI reached individuals in the age group most commonly affected by TB in these Aboriginal communities. No conclusions can be made regarding the population prevalence due to the low screening rate. Further strategies need to be developed to increase appropriate follow-up and preventive treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Harris, J. M., R. L. Goldingay, L. Broome, P. Craven, and K. S. Maloney. "Aspects of the ecology of the eastern pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus at Jervis Bay, New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 1 (2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07004.

Full text

Abstract:

A variety of ecological data were collected on the eastern pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus at Jervis Bay, in south-eastern New South Wales between March 2006 and January 2007. Elliott traps, pitfall traps, nest-boxes and spotlighting were used to survey for the species. Data on habitat suitability including abundance of food plants (flowering trees and shrubs) and potential nest sites were also collected. Home range data were gathered via radio telemetry. Three individuals were caught in 2150 trap-nights and one animal was re-trapped once. Radio-collars were attached to one animal of each sex and tracked for 11 days during March 2006. These possums used areas (using minimum convex polygons) of 0.85 ha (male) and 0.19 ha (female). The average overnight distance moved was 44 m for the male (range = 4-81 m) and 19 m for the female (range = 0-56 m). Nest-sites included hollows in the proteaceous shrubs Banksia serrata and B. ericifolia, and in the myrtaceous trees Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus sclerophylla, and Syncarpia glomulifera. Cercartetus nanus captures were confined to two sites that had the most prolific flowering of potential food plants and the highest availability of potential nest-sites. A review of literature and previous surveys of the surrounding area was a necessary precursor to field study and produced 57 records. Greater understanding of the impacts of development and fire are needed for conservation and management of this species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Sex instruction – New South Wales'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles