Journal articles on the topic 'Sex In literature History and criticism'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sex In literature History and criticism.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sex In literature History and criticism.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mumovic, Ana M. "DAM ON THE GREAT RUSSIAN SEA (Contribution to the interpretation of the Review of the History of Serbian Literature by A. N. Pipin)." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 35 (2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.35.2021.6.
Full textAbstract:
The paper aims is to present and evaluate the Review the History of Serbian Literature A. N. Pipin's as a classical history of Serbian literature that became part of the national culture. The development of the history of literature among Serbs, as an independent discipline and its modest beginnings, can be found in the first decades of the 19th century, in the time of Dositej and Vuk. In its beginnings, the history of literature was a "story" about the literary past of a nation and at its core was - criticism. This main idea as an axiom is a signpost that leads from the history of literature, which has long performed the function of criticism, to the genesis of literary criticism as the youngest branch of literary science and the way it formulated and exercised its functions in conditions when literary history was in a certain measures and history of the people. The Serbs received the first History of Serbian Literature (1865) from the pen of Pavel Jozef Šafarik (1795–1861), a Protestant and German student who served in Novi Sad. The next history of Serbian literature was also written by a foreigner, the Russian Alexander Nikolaevich Pipina (1833–1904). His Review the History of Serbian Literature (1865) has not been fully translated into Serbian. When marking questions from the new Serbian literature, Pipin's approach leads to a synthesis of ideas about cultural and political and national development. Slavery replaced the idea of revival "among Orthodox Serbs who fled to Austria". From that perspective, he views the development of national literature as an important part of culture and identity. Pipin also deals with the issue of national identity and the awakening of the national consciousness of the Slavs in his extensive study "Panslavism in the Past and Present" (1878), in which "the Serbian national question is incorporated into the general critique of Russian official policy and Slavophile orientation in the Balkans during Eastern Europe crisis". In this paper, we value his competence, cultural mission, the gift of the comparator, without which there is no great literary historian, and his practical contribution to classifying Serbian literature and culture in the European context.
2
Miceli, Calogero A. "Perspective Criticism and the Study of Narrative Biblical Literature." Théologiques 24, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044744ar.
Full textAbstract:
In his recent works,Watching a Biblical Narrative : Point of View in Biblical Exegesis(2007) andPerspective Criticism : Point of View and Evaluative Guidance in Biblical Narrative(2012), Gary Yamasaki has introduced a new methodology, entitled Perspective Criticism, for analyzing biblical literature. The following paper seeks to evaluate whether or not this proposed method is a viable tool for use in the study of biblical texts. In order to do so, the account of the hemorrhaging woman (Mark 5 : 24-34) is used as a test case. In the story, the implied reader is provided with background information about the history and motivation of the hemorrhaging woman. Rather than focusing solely on the protagonist Jesus, the narrator shifts the focus of the story onto the woman and explains her unsuccessful attempts, over the years, to find a cure for her ailment. In employing the Perspective Criticism methodology, the following paper argues that the implied author has purposefully inserted this privileged information, which is achronological to the narrative time of the pericope, in order to elicit empathy from the reader with the woman. The account offers the audience the ability to see previous events from the woman’s point-of-view in order to understand her tragic struggle and emotionally connect with her inner thoughts.
3
Bo, Ting. "An Analysis of Lady Chatterley's Lover from the Perspective of Ecofeminism." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0810.15.
Full textAbstract:
Eco-feminism, as a new theoretical criticism of literature, combines the oppression and domination of women. There is a critical connection between woman and nature, originating from their shared history of oppression by a patriarchal Western society. The development of eco-feminism has significant influence on attitudes of human beings toward nature, especially the relationship between nature and woman. Lawrence is well-known for both his unique writing techniques and frank expression of sex. In Lady Chatterley's Lover, Lawrence shows his strong awareness of eco-feminism by exploring the relations between man and man, nature and man, nature and woman.
4
Bascom, Ben. "Groping Toward Perversion: From Queer Methods to Queer States in Recent Queer Criticism." American Literary History 32, no. 2 (2020): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract What’s so queer about the nineteenth century? According to three recent studies of American literature—Elizabeth Freeman’s Beside You in Time (2019), Natasha Hurley’s Circulating Queerness (2018), and Benjamin Kahan’s The Book of Minor Perverts (2019)—the answer may be fairly all encompassing. For these critics, queerness is both an orientation and an object of study, enlivening, engendering, and uncovering a plethora of inchoate possibilities for imagining nonnormativity in the long nineteenth century. As such, these studies help resituate the critical capacity for queer studies to engage with historical material while also attending to the ephemeral possibilities that queerness, as a heuristic, frames, from being a methodology, a narrative trope, or a marker of excess that gets overpassed through dominant and emergent ideologies. Bringing together novels, plays, performances, short stories, and life narratives—along with compelling debates in the fields of queer studies—these books are sure to motivate continued work on the intersections of queerness, affect, and the literary while also plotting ways to consider how queerness disrupts and confirms the biopolitics of sex as a category of analysis.
5
Vasilyeva, L. A. "“Mir Taqi Mir”. A fragment from the History of Urdu Poetry “Water of Life” of Muhammad Husayn Azad." Orientalistica 3, no. 5 (December 29, 2020): 1437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-5-1437-1449.
Full textAbstract:
The article is a translation into Russian of the chapter from the “Water of Life” by Muhammad Husain Azad (1830–1910). This is the chapter about the greatest Urdu poet Mir Taki Mir (1713/1723(?)–1810 AD). The critical work by Azad, the “Water of Life” is considered as the first history of Urdu poetry written in Urdu. Azad was the first to see in this phenomenon a continuous process. The periods in the development of literature are interlinked. Azad identifies five major periods of Urdu poetry and briefly describes each of them. His work comprises biographical facts, characteristics, vivid word-portraits of outstanding Urdu poets and colourful historical anecdotes associated with them. The “Water of Life” had a very significant impact on contemporaries of Azad, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades. “Water of Life” had a significant impact on contemporaries, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades to come. Regardless that some historical dates and literary facts, as well as some important generalizations of the author, seem today at least controversial, still many Urdu literati and critics even nowadays fully rely upon the evaluation and criticism of famous poets as given by Azad.
6
Kinkley, Jeffrey C. "The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth-Century China. By David Der-Wei Wang. [Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2004. 402 pp. ISBN 0-520-23140-6.]." China Quarterly 182 (June 2005): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005270261.
Full textAbstract:
This celebration of modern Chinese literature is a tour de force, David Wang's third major summation in English. He is even more prolific in Chinese. Wang's command of the creative and critical literatures is unrivalled.Monster's subject is “the multivalence of Chinese violence across the past century”: not 1960s “structural violence” or postcolonial “epistemic violence,” but hunger, suicide, anomie, betrayal (though not assassination or incarceration), and “the violence of representation”: misery that reflects or creates monstrosity in history. Monster thus comments on “history and memory,” like Ban Wang's and Yomi Braester's recent efforts, although for historical reasons modern Chinese literature studies are allergic to historical and sociological methodologies.Monster is comparative, mixing diverse – sometimes little read – post-May Fourth and Cold War-era works with pieces from the 19th and 20th fins de siècle. Each chapter is a free associative rhapsody (sometimes brilliant, sometimes tedious; often neo-Freudian), evoking, from a recurring minor detail as in new historicist criticism, a major binary trope or problematic for Wang to “collapse” or blur. His forte is making connections between works. The findings: (1) decapitation (loss of a “head,” or guiding consciousness?) in Chinese fiction betokens remembering or “re-membering” (of the severed), as in an unfinished Qing novel depicting beheaded Boxers, works by Lu Xun and Shen Congwen, and Wuhe's 2000 commemoration of a 1930 Taiwanese aboriginal uprising; (2) justice is poetic, but equals punishment, even crime, in late Qing castigatory novels, Bai Wei, and several Maoist writers; (3) in revolutionary literature, love and revolution blur, as do love affairs in life with those in fiction; (4) hunger, indistinct from anorexia, is excess; witness “starved” heroines of Lu Xun, Lu Ling, Eileen Chang and Chen Yingzhen; (5) remembering scars creates scars, as in socialist realism, Taiwan's anticommunist fiction, and post-Mao scar literature; (6) in fiction about evil (late Ming and late Qing novels; Jiang Gui), inhumanity is all too human and sex blurs with politics; (7) suicide can be a poet's immortality, from Wang Guowei to Gu Cheng; (8) cultural China's most creative new works invoke ghosts again, obscuring lines between the human, the “real,” and the spectral.
7
Caldwell, Patricia. "Why Our First Poet Was a Woman: Bradstreet and the Birth of an American Poetic Voice." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005226.
Full textAbstract:
Anne Bradstreet has come a long way since John Harvard Ellis hailed her over a century ago as “the earliest poet of her sex in America.” Today, more justly, we view Bradstreet simply as “the first authentic poetic artist in America's history” and even as “the founder of American literature.” At the same time, a more sensitive criticism is looking anew at Bradstreet's personal drama as a woman in the first years of the New England settlement: her life as a wife, as mother of eight children, as a frontier bluestocking (though still, in many critics' eyes, “restless in Puritan bonds”), and even as a feminist in the wilderness. Feminist critics in particular have revitalized our understanding of Bradstreet and her work by probing her subtle “subversion” of patriarchal traditions, both theological and poetical, and by placing her among contemporary 17th-Century women writers, making her no longer a phenomenon on the order of Doctor Johnson's dancing dog, but finally a participating voice in her age.
8
Caldwell, Patricia. "Why Our First Poet Was a Woman: Bradstreet and the Birth of an American Poetic Voice." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006670.
Full textAbstract:
Anne Bradstreet has come a long way since John Harvard Ellis hailed her over a century ago as “the earliest poet of her sex in America.” Today, more justly, we view Bradstreet simply as “the first authentic poetic artist in America's history” and even as “the founder of American literature.” At the same time, a more sensitive criticism is looking anew at Bradstreet's personal drama as a woman in the first years of the New England settlement: her life as a wife, as mother of eight children, as a frontier bluestocking (though still, in many critics' eyes, “restless in Puritan bonds”), and even as a feminist in the wilderness. Feminist critics in particular have revitalized our understanding of Bradstreet and her work by probing her subtle “subversion” of patriarchal traditions, both theological and poetical, and by placing her among contemporary 17th-Century women writers, making her no longer a phenomenon on the order of Doctor Johnson's dancing dog, but finally a participating voice in her age.
9
McCusker, Maeve. "The ‘Unhomely’ White Women of Antillean Writing." Paragraph 37, no. 2 (July 2014): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0126.
Full textAbstract:
While the field known as ‘Whiteness Studies’ has been thriving in Anglophone criticism and theory for over 25 years, it is almost unknown in France. This is partly due to epistemological and political differences, but also to demographic factors — in contrast with the post-plantation culture of the US, for example, whites in Martinique and Guadeloupe are a tiny minority of small island populations. Yet ‘whiteness’ remains a phantasized and a fetishized state in the Antillean imaginary, and is strongly inflected by gender. This article sketches the emergence of ‘white’ femininity during slavery, then examines its representation in the work of a number of major Antillean writers (Condé, Placoly, Confiant, Chamoiseau). In their work, a cluster of recurring images and leitmotifs convey the idealization or, more commonly, the pathologization, of the white woman; these images resonate strongly with Bhabha's ‘unhomely’, and convey the disturbing imbrication of sex and race in Antillean history.
10
Vander Waerdt, P. A. "The Justice of the Epicurean Wise Man." Classical Quarterly 37, no. 2 (December 1987): 402–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800030597.
Full textAbstract:
In this essay I discuss an important but neglected controversy in which the Stoics sought to discredit Epicurus' teaching on justice by showing that the Epicurean wise man, if immune from detection or punishment, will commit injustice whenever he may profit from it. Under the influence of this criticism, tradition has developed a view of Epicurus' position that makes it so weak and vulnerable that it is difficult to see how Epicureans could have defended it over the course of several centuries. There is decisive evidence, however, that Epicurus' critics seriously misrepresented his position, and that the tradition influenced by their polemic stands in need of fundamental revision.1 My purpose here is to prove that the Epicurean wise man will not commit injustice, secretly or openly, because it is in his self–interest to be just; to reconstruct Epicurus' arguments for this teaching; to show how he defends his position against natural right theorists; and to clarify the larger issues at stake in his controversy with the Stoics. I begin by sketching the Stoic criticisms and the Epicurean response (section I).
11
Conrau-Lewis, Kyle. "Cinna and Crassicius." Mnemosyne 73, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342657.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper argues that an anonymous epigram about the commentator Crassicius marrying Cinna’s Zmyrna is a satirical poem playfully evoking the incest of Zmyrna in order to make a more pointed critique of the genre of commentary. The poem suggests that like Zmyrna herself, the Zmyrna is libidinous, an unfaithful and Catullan mistress who cannot be trusted by her commentator. The poem therefore invites the reader to think more broadly about the relationship between author and commentator and about issues of textual ownership. In antiquity, poems are often imagined as sexual partners, while conversely sex itself is conceptualised as a grammatical activity. Sexuality therefore becomes a site for thinking about grammar and literary criticism and the relationship of commentator to text.
12
Hylen, Susan E. "The Manliness of Women and the Social Construction of Gender in the New Testament Period." Novum Testamentum 64, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Scholars who study gender in the New Testament period largely agree that a person’s gender did not inevitably result from their sex. Masculinity was achieved through habits of behavior and bodily comportment. Men who did not maintain such standards could be criticized for becoming “effeminate,” a move downward on the gender hierarchy. Yet scholars have not understood women to have a comparable ability to move up the gender hierarchy by becoming masculine. Although a few examples of “manly” women are well known in early Christian literature, scholars have largely seen such women as an aberration from cultural expectations and as likely to draw criticism. This article argues instead that manliness was a positive trait in women, meant to convey praise. However, women were also criticized as tribades for pursing sexual relationships that were viewed as excessive and framed as masculine. The variety of possibilities and the positive valence of manliness in women point to greater complexity and fluidity in ancient gender construction.
13
Peyre, Henri. "1960: Facing the New Decade." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 7 (December 2000): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463587.
Full textAbstract:
If ours is a young man's world, it is also a woman's world. Some of us who are fortunate to have women among our graduate students and as young colleagues are extraordinarily impressed by the high level of their work. Indeed, we often wonder if criticism will not make substantial strides forward, blending the cognitive and the affective values, taste and a rational approach, the logic of the intellect and that of the heart, only when women take over a large share of it, as they are now out-numbering men as teachers of English and of languages in many schools. This country witnessed a bold feminist movement several decades ago. The second sex then conquered all the rights and courageously accepted corresponding duties. College presidents in women's colleges were in many cases women. In anthropology, archeology, psychology several American women have been outstanding. So have they been in journalism. Why not to the same extent today in philology, medieval studies, literary history, criticism? Are men to blame, wary of these potential rivals, preferring to utilize women's generosity and their capacity for devoted attachment by keeping them as secretaries and obedient confidents of their profound male cogitations? Have women put so much energy in once winning equality and security that they are now content to enjoy these rights, and to look upon maternity and procreation without tears and without anesthesia as their sole vocation? Men in any case have the duty to make room for them, to incite them to express themselves more boldly, to elect them to more positions of power in this Association and in others, to ask them for the healthy challenge which our duller brains need to receive from their keener perceptiveness in matters of art and literature.
14
Hunter, R. L. "‘Short on Heroics’: Jason in the Argonautica." Classical Quarterly 38, no. 2 (December 1988): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800037058.
Full textAbstract:
‘Jason…chosen leader because his superior declines the honour, subordinate to his comrades, except once, in every trial of strength, skill, or courage, a great warrior only with the help of magical charms, jealous of honour but incapable of asserting it, passive in the face of crisis, timid and confused before trouble, tearful at insult, easily despondent, gracefully treacherous in his dealings with the love-sick Medea but cowering before her later threats and curses, coldly efficient in the time-serving murder of an unsuspecting child (sic), reluctant even in marriage.’ So Carspecken put the case against Jason's heroism. In the face of such an indictment, Lawall's plea in mitigation, ‘it must be admitted that [Jason] often reveals the qualities of a true gentleman’, seems somehow inadequate. Criticism since Carspecken has found various overlapping categories for Jason which both take account of the earlier negative judgements and preserve the centrality of his ‘personality’ and character in the poem: Jason is the quiet diplomat who works through consensus rather than force, his is a heroism of sex-appeal, he is an anti-hero, the embodiment of Sceptic ‘suspension of judgement’, or, alternatively, he is ‘one of us’, credible and lifelike. Carspecken himself tried a different tack: the poem is concerned not with individual heroism but with the heroism of the group (cf. 1.1, 4.1773–81).
15
Mhosronejad, Morteza, and Soudabeh Shokrollahzadeh. "from silencing children's literature to attempting to learn from it: changing views towards picturebooks in p4c movement." childhood & philosophy 16, no. 36 (May 9, 2020): 01–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2020.45025.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates critically the approaches to picturebooks as used in the history of philosophy for children (P4C) movement. Our concern with picturebooks rests mainly on Morteza Khosronejad's broader criticism that children's literature has been treated instrumentally by early founders of P4C, the consequence of which is abolishing the independent voice of this literature (2007). As such it demands that we scrutinize the position of children's literature in the history of this educational program, as well as other genres and forms, including picturebooks as a highly valued artistic-literary form to educationalists. In our inquiry, we probe, therefore, the transition of approaches to picturebooks concomitantly with the investigation of the transition of approaches to children's literature. This research evinces that some later scholars and practitioners of P4C have departed significantly not only from Lipman's approach to children's literature and picturebooks, but also from his conceptualization of childhood and philosophy for children. Meanwhile, it demonstrates that in spite of P4C scholars' taking effective steps to address children's literature in general and picturebooks in particular, there are some steps for them to take in order to fully recognize this literature as an independent branch of knowledge and picturebooks as artistic-literary unique works. While revealing the limitations and paradoxes that P4C scholars continue to deal with, in this article, we see Khosronejad's earlier idea (2007) as a suggestion to overcome the instrumentalization of children's literature and picturebooks in P4C. Fundamental dialogue with children's literature theorists particularly those of picturebooks will open new horizons to the realization of our suggestion.
16
Brown, Andrew. "Notes on Sophocles' Antigone." Classical Quarterly 41, no. 2 (December 1991): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983880000450x.
Full textAbstract:
My recent edition of Antigone (Warminster, 1987) was not intended primarily as a contribution to textual criticism. I did no work on the manuscripts, and little work on tracing the sources of old conjectures. Nevertheless, some of my thoughts on the text may merit fuller discussion than I was able to give them in a beginners' edition. And there have been more recent developments: in particular we now have a new Oxford Text of Sophocles with a companion volume of Sophoclea, and I have benefited from stimulating discussion with Dr David Kovacs, who has kindly allowed me to see a draft of some forthcoming notes of his own.
17
Brekke, Torkel, Lene Kühle, Göran Larsson, and Tuomas Martikainen. "Mosques, Muslims, Methods: the Role of Mosques in Research about Muslims in Europe." Journal of Muslims in Europe 8, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22117954-12341394.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Previous research has questioned the use of mosques as points of entry for research about Muslims in Europe. Part of the background has been a new emphasis on lived religion and a critique of a one-sided focus on religious institutions. We argue that some of this criticism is theoretically ill-founded and we also point out that some trends may make mosques more important in research about Muslims. In section 1, we go through the most important literature addressing the methodological problems posed by using mosques in research about Muslims in the West. In section 2, we look at some of the fundamental problems of definitions in some of this critical methodological literature. In section 3, we discuss how the choice of methods, not least sampling modes, will be of significance for meaningful discussion about the appropriateness of using mosques in research, and in section 4, we present what we see as important advantages of using mosques as a point of entry to study Muslims. In section 5, we conclude with a brief summary and discussion.
18
Mattingly, Harold B. "Scipio Aemilianus' Eastern Embassy." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 2 (December 1986): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800012222.
Full textAbstract:
The famous eastern tour of inspection undertaken by Scipio Aemilianus, L. Metellus Calvus and Sp. Mummius is now generally dated 140/39 b.c., where Diodorus seems to put it. The accepted view, however, involves discounting an explicit statement by Cicero. It also presents historical difficulties. In 140 b.c. there was no need for such a high-powered Roman initiative, and scholars can discover only very minor political results. Sherwin-White indeed criticised the envoys severely, especially Scipio; they were culpably blind to the new menace of Parthia, which was steadily dismembering the Seleucid Empire east of the Euphrates. This is fair criticism only on the 140/39 b.c. dating. Did Scipio and his colleagues fail to see what is patent to us today? It is time to reexamine rigorously the underlying assumption.In Acad. prior. 2.5 Cicero defends a Roman noble's love of Greek learning in the following terms:ego autem cum Graecas litteras M. Catonem in senectute didicisse acceperim, P. autem Africani historiae loquantur in legatione illa nobili, quam ante censuram obiit, Panaetium unum omnino comitem fuisse, nec litterarum Graecarum nee philosophiae iam ullum auctorem requiro.The date of the embassy must be 144/3 b.c., if we follow the logic of this passage. Scipio was censor with L. Mummius in 142/1 b.c. and their public quarrel was hardly less notable than the embassy, in which L. Mummius' brother shared. Another Ciceronian passage – written some six years earlier – seems to contradict the dating offered in 45 b.c. In de republica 6.11 the elder Africanus prophesies his grandson's future greatness in the famous dream:
19
Loesberg, Jonathan. "BROWNING BELIEVING: “A DEATH IN THE DESERT” AND THE STATUS OF BELIEF." Victorian Literature and Culture 38, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150309990404.
Full textAbstract:
Some John, we are told, possibly both the Evangelist and the beloved apostle, but, for reasons we will see, possibly only one, the other, or neither, reanimated so his dying words can be recorded by other early Christians, tries to tell those who will now live with no contact with anyone who had contact with Jesus Christ, how they may live with that absence. Although his reanimaters preserve and venerate his words, it's not clear that they actually follow them or even understand them. In the wake of the questions first German Higher Criticism and then more recent work in the 1860s had raised with regard to the historical accuracy of the New Testament, Robert Browning, tries to propose how his contemporaries might believe. At the same time, as a consequence of a definition of how to believe, Browning also suggests how to look at the beliefs of others as expressions of one's condition and situation rather than as assertions whose accuracy it is in our interests to measure: he tells us what a dramatic monologue may show us. With regard to either aim, either with his contemporaries or with his critics, he did no better than John did with the poem's auditors. At least with regard to the issue of how to believe, one watches an odd critical history as readers have become increasingly aware of how completely Browning seems to have accepted the conclusions of the Higher Criticism about the historicity of the gospels, but have refused to accept how completely this meant that his justification for belief wound up reproducing the Higher Critical position about the historical reality of Christianity, with the addition of an epistemologically daring and dangerous justification of willed belief in an object accepted as possibly fictional that gives his ostensible Christianity only the appearance of an orthodoxy it had in fact abandoned.
20
Miller, Peter. "Prosody, Media, and the Poetry of Edgar Allan Poe." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, no. 2 (March 2020): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.2.315.
Full textAbstract:
Edgar Allan Poe's poetry and poetic theory maintain an awkward standing in anglophone literary criticism but offer a valuable resource to scholars of historical poetics and, more specifically, historical prosody. In poems such as “The Raven” and “The Bells” and essays such as “The Rationale of Verse,” Poe pre sents prosodic structure as a kind of palimpsest of jostling sound media (e.g., phonetic script, meter, scansion, musical form, nonhuman voices), which obey different prosodic logics when engaged by different readers, both within and across periods. In this way, Poe's poetics challenges both historicist and formalist approaches to prosody, delyricizing poetic voice by demonstrating its embeddedness in media while insisting on the multiplicity of prosodic options available when individual readers verbalize the same poetical text. Rehabilitating Poe's prosodic project helps us see poems as products of both media history and real- time performance. (PM)
21
Underwood, Ted. "Romantic Historicism and the Afterlife." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 2 (March 2002): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x61386.
Full textAbstract:
Many Romantic poets were fascinated by the idea that a special historical sense could hear the cultural difference of remote epochs in the sound of the sea or of the wind. This essay traces that fascination back to late-eighteenth-century attempts to imagine a new kind of secular afterlife that fused nature and history, thereby combining the permanence of a natural process with the consoling collectivity of social existence. The most influential parts of James Macpherson's Ossianic poems were the ostensibly archaic ghosts who literalized Enlightenment fantasies about this form of historical immortality. In poems by William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Felicia Hemans, historical sensations function as intimations of immortality and as signs of culture's primacy over other forms of class distinction. The essay closes by suggesting that late-twentieth-century film and literary criticism continue to promise their audiences a similar kind of earthly immortality.
22
Otten, Thomas J. "Jorie Graham's _____ s." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (March 2003): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67640.
Full textAbstract:
Jorie Graham's blanks offer the chance to see how lyric intersects with the historical vicissitudes of material culture. The word-length line segments in Graham's poems function as both a graphic representation of lyric and as a reflection of late-twentieth-century material culture, a way of writing the surfaces and textures of everyday life. While reducing to the simplest expression the alienating distance that gives the lyric I its definitive privacy, the blank also replicates the nebulous substances of late-century technology—latex, spray paint, Formica. Such substances become a material idiom of mediation, a repertoire of images that shape our understanding of interpersonal relationships, which in contemporary culture are both void of definition and thick with significance. While much lyric criticism defines the genre in terms of transhistorical rhetorical patterns, the example of Graham's blanks suggests that lyric must also be considered as an intimate material history.
23
Nikitina, Alexandra. "The Song of Ouyang Hai." Archiv orientální 83, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.83.1.117-136.
Full textAbstract:
This article sets out to analyze the novel The Song of Ouyang Hai by Jin Jingmai (1965), and to do so within the paradigm of poststructuralist literary criticism. The deconstruction of the text helps us to discover its intertextuality and simulacra and to reveal the contradictions between the author’s ideas and the image of the protagonist as actually presented to the reader. Through reference to intertextuality, we see that Ouyang Hai is incapable of thinking and acting independently, he is guided by set phrases and behavior patterns that he has gleaned from Communist literature. Slogans that pervade his speech do not represent real actions, but only simulate them, thus creating a hyperreal environment filled with signs that do not have a prototype in real life, i.e., simulacra. Ouyang Hai’s maturation, as he acquires political and ideological consciousness is, in the author’s opinion, the process of his evolution. I argue that, on the contrary, this transformation leads to the destruction of the image, which is mostly constructed of propaganda slogans. The image constituting the mere sum of these artificial elements is no longer an integral whole, it breaks down into its elements – destructs, dismantles, defragments itself. Finally, Ouyang Hai is not a copy of a real human being, but – in J. Baudrillard’s words – “its own pure simulacrum.”
24
Whitmarsh, Tim. "Josephus, Joseph and the Greek Novel." Ramus 36, no. 1 (2007): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00000801.
Full textAbstract:
The challenge to classicists to read Josephus ‘as literature’ is an awkward one, because it throws into relief the crooked, appropriative practices we undertake in the name of literary criticism. If Josephus' works are to be seen as ‘literature’—a category closely associated with specifically Hellenic literary ideals, in much of the ancient world as well as the modern academy—then we are also avoiding looking at them as documents of early Jewish cultural history or belief. ‘Literature’ is far from a neutral category.Josephus would, however, have probably approved, at any rate up to a point. In the proem to the Jewish Archaeology—on which this article will focus—he promises a work of ‘universal usefulness’ (κοινή ὠϕέλειαν, 1.3), which will appear ‘worthy of study to the whole Greek world’ (ἅπασι…τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀξίαν σπουδῆς, 1.5). Unlike Against Apion, which denigrates Greek historiography in relation to Jewish and other near-eastern narrative traditions (see esp. 1.6-56), the Archaeology seeks to translate biblical discourse into a Greek-friendly register. In terms of communication, ‘universal’ necessarily means ‘Greek’, a point of which the translators of the Septuagint were aware (as much as Cicero and Paul). Moreover, the tralatitious language (Thucydidean ὠϕέλεια, Dionysian σπουδή) coupled with the direct allusion in the work's title to Dionysius' Roman Archaeology reinforce the already clear impression that Josephus is inscribing his project into the Greek cultural tradition, marking its intelligibility within the conceptual framework that we would call ‘literature’, and Josephus and his contemporaries called paideia. The Archaeology converts the fragmented and at times self-contradictory narrative of the Hebrew Bible (what Christians call the Old Testament) into a coherent chronological narrative, seeking to confer on it the legitimacy (as gentile Greeks would see it) of historical narrative.
25
Harootunian, Harry. "As We Saw Him." boundary 2 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-7614111.
Full textAbstract:
The essay attempts to present and thus see the literary scholar, activist, and thinker Masao Miyoshi as we constantly saw him crossing the boundaries between the United States and Japan and eventually enlarging his vision to include the world at large. But the act of seeing Miyoshi and his ceaseless effort to overcome the boundaries separating people was paralleled by his voracious desire to cross the boundaries that divided the disciplines of knowledge. The force that lay behind the impulse to expand his acquisition of knowledge was an unrestrained restlessness that prompted a reaching out to know areas and regions that exceeded his chosen academic specialty. He saw this move to the margins and thresholds as the basis of a proper vocation of criticism, which, he believed, had disappeared from the centers of geographic and intellectual power.
26
De Fina, Anna. "Narratives in interview — The case of accounts." Narrative Inquiry 19, no. 2 (December 16, 2009): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.19.2.03def.
Full textAbstract:
Narratives told in interview have become a central tool of data collection and analysis in a variety of disciplines within the social sciences. However, many researchers, particularly those who embrace a conversational analytic or ethnomethodological approach (see among others Schegloff, 1997; Goodwin, 1997), regard them as artificial and oppose them to naturally occurring stories, which they see as much richer and interesting sources of data and analysis. In this paper, I argue that the criticism against interview narratives has been justified by the lack of attention that many narrative analysts have shown towards the interview as a truly interactional context. However, I also point to some shortcomings that derive from this opposition between naturally occurring and interview narratives and to an alternative framework in which the stress is not on the kind of narrative data used for the analysis, but rather on the kind of narrative analysis that should be adopted. I argue that our methodologies of analysis cannot fail to take into account the way narratives shape and are shaped by the different contexts in which they are embedded and propose the study of narrative genres as a way of looking at the reciprocal influence of narratives and story-telling contexts. I illustrate this point looking at accounts as a genre.
27
Ahmed, Maaheen, and Shiamin Kwa. "“Kill the Monster!”: My Favorite Thing Is Monsters and the Big, Ambitious (Graphic) Novel." Genre 54, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-8911485.
Full textAbstract:
In his discussion of the “big, ambitious novel,” James Wood dismisses both male and female authors but singles out Zadie Smith's White Teeth for most of his critique of what he terms “hysterical realism.” For Wood, recent long novels display too much imagination but not enough substance and depth of character; the new novel has become “a picture of life.” With its deliberate foregrounding of inhumanness and spectacularity, Emil Ferris's My Favorite Thing Is Monsters commits many of Wood's list of transgressions against the traditional novel. This article examines how Ferris's book is unaffected by negative reactions to this transgressiveness, championing transgression and ignored voices as the mode of expression best suited to the big, ambitious novel of our times. The book's heroine and purported author of the book touches readers and moves them through the monstrous form she imagines for herself. Her reproductions of comics covers and art works negotiate diverse visual vocabularies and their resulting aesthetic and historical scope. In filtering its story through a young protagonist who is marginalized on all counts (age, class, race, sex, sexual orientation), Ferris's “big, ambitious (graphic) novel” is also a layered response against the criticisms of childishness levied against comics. Transgression in My Favorite Thing Is Monsters becomes a way of rethinking tradition—of comics, of novels, and of graphic novels—in the broader terms of cultural history.
28
Naaman, Erez. "Collaborative Composition of Classical Arabic Poetry." Arabica 65, no. 1-2 (February 27, 2018): 163–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341476.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Evidence of collaborative composition of poetry goes back to the earliest documented phases in the history of Arabic literature. Already during pre-Islamic times, poets like Imruʾ al-Qays used to challenge others to complete their impromptu verse and create poetry collaboratively with them. This practice—commonly called iǧāza or tamlīṭ and essentially different from the better known poetic dueling of the naqāʾiḍ (flytings)—has shown remarkable stability and adherence to its form and dynamics in the pre-modern Arabophone world. In this article, I will discuss evidence of collaborative poetry from pre-Islamic times to the early seventh/thirteenth century, in order to present a picture of the typical situations in which it was practiced, its functions, its composition process, and formal aspects. Although usually not producing poetic masterpieces, this practice has the merit of revealing much about the processes of composing classical Arabic poetry in general. In this respect, its study and critical assessment are highly important, given the fact that medieval Arabic literary criticism does not always reflect praxis or focus on the actual practicalities of composing poetry. This practice and the contextualized way in which it was preserved allow us to see vividly the inextricable link between poetic form and the conditions in which poetry was created. It likewise sheds light on the intricate ways in which poets resisted, influenced, and manipulated others by poetic means. Based on the obvious fact that collaborative composition is imbued with the spirit of play, I offer at the end of the article criticism of Johan Huizinga’s famous play concept and his (much less famous) views of early Arabic culture and poetry in light of the evidence I studied.
29
Kryzhanovska, O. O. "Artistic works of the literary group „Lanka”-MARS at the reception of the criticism of the Ukrainian diaspora." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 3 (341) (2021): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-3(341)-106-113.
Full textAbstract:
The article notes that critics of the Ukrainian diaspora emphasized the significance of the works of the „Lanka”-MARS authors, considered the main strategies of their work, and determined the connection of the works with the world literary tradition. Lavrinenko's anthology „The Executed Renaissance” allows us to understand the specifics of the history of Ukrainian literature of the 1920s and 1930s. Yu. Lavrinenko represented articles about the works of B. Antonenko-Davydovych, G. Kosynka, T. Osmachka, E. Pluzhnyk, V. Pidmohylny, and D. Falkivsky, which testify to the specifics of Yu. Lavrinenko's reception. The critic called love the main characteristic of T. Osmachka's poems. Yu. Lavrineno emphasized that D. Falkivsky's poetry is characterized by simplicity and naturalness. The article defines that the critic, characterizing the poetic texts of E. Pluzhnyk, emphasizes the principles of his poetics that represent acmeistic traditions. Yu. Lavrinenko focuses on determining the main principles of V. Pidmohylny's works. The article states that Yu. Lavrinenko calls G. Kosynka a talented author of his time, in his skill the writer stands next to M. Khvylov and V. Pidmohylny, his epic works reveal a synthesis of lyricism and brutal metaphor. B. Antonenko-Davidovych's story „Death” is represented by the critic of the Ukrainian diaspora as a confrontation between man, personality and the Communist Party. The article considers the reception of Yu. Sherekh by V. Pidmohylny and T. Osmachka. The critic reveals the deep meaning of V. Pidmohylny's novel „City”, which allows the modern reader to read the work from a different angle, to see new aspects of the artistic world of the text. The article examines the strategies of interpretation of the works of T. Osmachka. Yu. Sherekh called the Ukrainian poet one of the best modern authors, saw his connection with the world tradition, with the works of D. Byron and O. Pushkin.
30
Savage, Jordan. "True Grit: Dirt, Subjectivity and the Female Body in Contemporary Westerns." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 68, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2020-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article considers the significance of dirt to three Western texts: Lonesome Land, Mudbound, and Brokeback Mountain. The overall argument is that the more complicated and ambiguous dirt is permitted to be, the more imaginative and critical potential it has for the iconography of the contemporary Western. Taking B.M. Bower’s 1912 Western Romance as a model, it is argued that the dirt aesthetic is crucial to how Westerns construct the myth of the American character. This is further complicated by intersections between representations of the White rural poor, women (as for both Lonesome Land and Mudbound, there are connotations of sexual impurity in the dirty White female body), and representations of queerness. In the two versions of Brokeback Mountain, Annie Proulx’s short story and Ang Lee’s film, we see the ambiguity of dirt: it can be read as an essential part of the American land, or as polluting waste matter. The critical framework draws on feminist history and criticism via Kathleen Healey and Phyllis Palmer; sociological theories of imagining poverty in North America via Kate Cairns and Winfried Fluck; and queer theory via Christopher Schmidt.
31
Liu, Zhen. "Write as another: Edith Eaton’s ‘Wing Sing of Los Angeles on His Travels’." British Journal of Canadian Studies: Volume 34, Issue 1 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2022.4.
Full textAbstract:
With the recent publication of Becoming Sui Sin Far (2016), the travel writing of Chinese North American writer Edith Eaton, which is quite unique in her oeuvre in terms of both genre and style, became available in complete form for the first time. In this article I explore the many strategies and devices Eaton invented for her travel writing and argue that ‘Wing Sing of Los Angeles on His Travels’ is of great significance in the criticism of Eaton’s writing as it manifests a progressive set of identity politics. Eaton dismantles the binary opposition between self and other by writing as another; that is, by taking on a persona that enables her to see through another’s eyes, and thus to neutralise the orientalist gaze and promote individuality over group stereotypes. The travel series sparkles in many places with perspectives and conceptions well ahead of its time, which demonstrates clearly that Eaton embraces an ideal of tolerance and openness.
32
Silva, Karoline Dos Santos. "Infância, gênero, raça e classe nos romances caribenhos Vasto mar de sargaços e La mulâtresse Solitude / Childhood, Gender, Race and Class in the Caribbean Novels Vasto mar de sargaços and La mulâtresse Solitude." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 25, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.25.3.101-120.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma análise comparativa entre as personagens principais dos romances La mulâtresse Solitude, de André Schwarz-Bart, e Vasto mar de sargaços, de Jean Rhys. O recorte privilegiado neste artigo será o período da infância das duas personagens principais, levando em consideração as temáticas de gênero, raça e classe com a finalidade de comparar o cotidiano e dificuldades de uma criança negra e escravizada com o de uma criança livre e branca. Nossa análise será desenvolvida utilizando referenciais críticos e teóricos dos campos de estudos culturais, literatura e crítica literária, estudos de gênero, história e sociologia. O artigo busca contribuir para a divulgação de obras caribenhas, promovendo uma análise comparativa entre romances do caribe inglês e do caribe francês.Palavras-chave: infância; caribe; raça; classe; gênero.Abstract: This article proposes a comparative analysis between the main characters from the novels La mulâtresse Solitude, by André Schwarz-Bart and Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys. The privileged feature in this article will be the childhood period of the two main characters, taking into account the themes of gender, race and class in order to compare the daily life and difficulties of a black and enslaved child with that of a free and white child. Our analysis will be developed using critical and theoretical references from the fields of cultural studies, literature and literary criticism, gender studies, history and sociology. The article seeks to contribute to the dissemination of Caribbean works by promoting a comparative analysis between English and French Caribbean novels.Keywords: childhood; Caribbean; race; class; gender.
33
Hershkowitz, Debra. "Patterns of Madness in Statius'Thebaid." Journal of Roman Studies 85 (November 1995): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301057.
Full textAbstract:
The traditional problem of Silver Latin poetry, and Silver Latin epic especially, has been its attraction to the extravagant, the grotesque, the infinite, the absurd, in other words, its propensity for excess. Statius'Thebaidin particular has been considered guilty of this offence. Recent criticism, however, has tended to see Silver Latin poetry not simply as being excessive, but as being deeply concerned with excess—cultural, ideological, and poetic. In this paper I hope to demonstrate that such a concern is a prominent characteristic of Statius'Thebaid, by exploring perhaps the most important manifestation of excess in the poem, madness. I will argue that theThebaid's excessiveness is fundamental and necessary, rather than detrimental, to its overall effect. But this paper, like theThebaid, will not concentrate exclusively on excess, for it will prove to be only the starting-point for a specific interpretation of the patterns of action and madness in theThebaid.
34
Crawford, Julie. "The Case of Lady Anne Clifford; or, Did Women Have a Mixed Monarchy?" PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 5 (October 2006): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2006.121.5.1682.
Full textAbstract:
I became a feminist critic of the renaissance in 1989, when a professor, in answer to my question about why there were no women on the syllabus, replied that there were no women writers in the seventeenth century. This comment took me to the library, where I discovered what he should have known but did not have to: not only were there women writers in the period, but feminist literary critics were retrieving them from the archives and rewriting literary history in the light of their contributions. One of these women writers was Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676), the author of a singularly massive amount of genealogical, historical, and personal writings and a subject of interest, long before the 1980s, for Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf. In 1985, the Marxist feminist critic Katharine Hodgkin wrote an essay about Clifford's conflicted status as a woman (victim of patriarchy) and as a landlord (oppressor). Clifford has received different treatment in recent years, considered primarily as a diarist (with the attendant and often ahistorical assumptions the genre solicits [see Kunin]) and as a heroic resister of patriarchal forces. My goal here is to use Clifford as a case study for the role of feminist criticism today, not only because she has raised such complex issues for feminist critics of the Renaissance and early modern period but also because the issues her life and work raise about kinship and the household, property and political agency, and the intersectionality of determining forces of identity and power are of continuing relevance to feminist methodologies and politics. I am particularly concerned with feminist claims that have become axiomatic—for the early modern period as well as others—both at the level of historical progression (the march toward modernity) and in more synchronic analyses of social and cultural practices and relationships (including our assumptions that we know what patriarchy, kinship, and household mean). By unsettling these axioms and reconsidering the stories Clifford tells, I hope to illustrate the truth that feminist criticism is by its nature a reconsideration, a form of doing rather than being.
35
Yakusheva, Lyudmila A. "ACTUALIZATION, MYTHOLOGIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE LITERARY HERO: THE STIRLITZ PHENOMENON." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 23, no. 4 (2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-4-23-189-195.
Full textAbstract:
Conceptualization of artistic actions of the last XX century is a natural and logical process. In the cultural studies discourse of the Soviet cultural typology we can see a sustained interest in educational problems based on visualized acts of a semiotic and semantic range, which are defined through the cultural context of the epoch. The most recognizable sign-index of the 1970s (in terms of time, ideological system and Soviet mentality) is Maxim IsaevStierlitz. On the one hand, this is an image which artistic value was questioned even when it had appeared. On the other hand, mass popularity turned Stierlitz in a precedent phenomenon, and the consideration of canonization conditions inspired this research. The article continues the author's series of publications dedicated to «homo soveticus» and the phenomena of the Soviet era – communal apartments, shop lines, summer cottages. The author, based on her intuition and also on the synthesis of cultural and literary analysis, actualizes resources of myth-based criticism and history of memory, and reconstructs one of the most popular myth-images in literature and cinema of the second half of the XX century – the image of the popular Soviet spy. The research focuses on the reasons of Stierlitz’s mass popularity, archetypal qualities of this character, and its perception by difference cultural generations. The author analyzes vectors of this character’s mythologization.
36
Reeve, Michael. "Cuius in Usum? Recent and Future Editing." Journal of Roman Studies 90 (November 2000): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300207.
Full textAbstract:
In 1993 Michael Winterbottom remarked that we have reached ‘what may be the last decades of the systematic editing of classical texts’. If he was right, what has been dwindling: capacity, interest, scope, or confidence?When editors' prefaces include such Latin as ‘ad huius operis finem … longdudum exspectatum’ (1983), ‘non solum hominibus, sed ne libris quidem non pepercit’ (1991, of the War), ‘ex Italia, ut Munk Olsen videtur, ortus’ (1997), or ‘latet uel peritus’ (1997, of an untraced manuscript), it is tempting to blame incapacity, and to blame that in turn on a decline of interest in Latin and more narrowly in textual criticism. Not just a laudator temporis acti se puero could document the decline by looking at statistics and syllabuses; but there would be widespread agreement that in so far as textual criticism has given way to greater concern with content its proportional decline is no bad thing. Relevant too, some would say, is the decline of composition; but I am not convinced by either the obvious or the deeper reason that they give. Obviously, a preface should not be the first thing, or the first thing for thirty years, that the editor composes in Latin. Need it be, though? Lloyd-Jones and Wilson chose English in their O.C.T. of Sophocles (1990), and Green has now followed their example in a Latin O.C.T., his very handy editio minor of Ausonius (1999). Anyone who takes the view expressed to me by a distinguished German Latinist, that by abandoning Latin in prefaces one cuts off the branch that one is sitting on, should answer Merkelbach's charge that the policy of writing the notes in Latin has held up Inscriptiones Graecae. At a deeper level, composing in a language is said to be the best way of learning it; but surely reading large amounts of it observantly is just as good or better, unless the distinction between active and passive knowledge of a language holds only for the modern languages that one reads comfortably and sometimes makes a pitiful attempt to speak. Even without mystical claims for the value of composition, declining knowledge of Latin is quite enough of a threat to editing.
37
Taylor, David Francis. "What Cato Did: Suicide, Sentimentalism, and the Drama of Emulation." Eighteenth-Century Life 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9467204.
Full textAbstract:
Much recent criticism of Joseph Addison's Cato (1713) regards the tragedy as determinedly resistant to its eponymous protagonist's stoic heroism. Cato, it is argued, critiques Cato. But this wasn't how Addison's immediate contemporaries experienced the play. For many commentators, Addison's Cato was a model not only to be applauded but also imitated. In this essay, I take seriously this disconnection between current interpretation and immediate reception. I first attend to the tragedy's fifth act, where we see a concerted attempt both to flag the protagonist's fallibility and also to place a critical frame around the problematic spectacle of stoic suicide. In the second part of the essay, I then consider how it was that an instrumentalist view of the play nonetheless became canon. Here, I trace Richard Steele's appropriation of Cato to his project to reform the stage, a project that staked its claims for the cultural and moral efficacy of the theater on an avowedly emulative (and sentimental) model of drama. And I argue that Addison's belated insistence on his protagonist's all-too-humanness works to sentimentalize the character and so paradoxically opens up the very possibility of imitation that it seemingly seeks to foreclose.
38
Wickman, Matthew. "Theology Still?" PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 3 (May 2017): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.3.674.
Full textAbstract:
“I hope my attitude will not be regarded as irreverent,” Maurizio Ascari declares before launching into a critique of Franco Moretti's critical methods (3). By contrast, I undertake no critique of Moretti's methods, but my attitude toward his work is at least somewhat irreverent, if also appreciative. I titled an early draft of this essay “Distant Reading and the New Poetics of Enchantment; or, Toward a Literary History That Is Spiritual but Not Religious.” This title was self-consciously outrageous, since there is little that is overtly enchanted, let alone spiritual, about Moretti's criticism. Indeed, one of the recurring rhetorical fillips in his book Distant Reading involves the disparagement of close reading as a kind of theology: “At bottom,” close reading is “a theological exercise—very solemn treatment of very few texts taken very seriously—whereas what we really need is a little pact with the devil: we know how to read texts, now let's learn how not to read them. Distant reading: where distance … is a condition of knowledge” (48; see also 33, 67, 89, and 113). By invoking enchantment and spirituality to describe his work, then, I was looking to underscore, a little cheekily, how rigorous engagement with his “pact with the devil” reveals similar features to those Moretti partly discredits—namely, credulity, “superstition” (Johnson 84), and “mystery” (Goodwin xiii). In essence, my aim was to employ close reading—of distant reading—as a kind of return, if not revenge, of the repressed.
39
Sheils, Barry, and Julie Walsh. "Tragedy and Transference in D.M. Thomas's The White Hotel." Psychoanalysis and History 15, no. 1 (January 2013): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2013.0122.
Full textAbstract:
In the novel The White Hotel, D.M. Thomas's superimposition of a Freudian-style case history onto a traumatic event of World War II explores both the necessity and the gratuitousness of representing trauma. The novel's primary device of relating the sexual fantasies of its protagonist Lisa Erdman/‘Frau Anna G.’, depicted as being a psychoanalytic patient of Freud's, to the massacre of over 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar in 1941, is an enduringly controversial one. The notoriety of Thomas's novel though, stems not only from its difficult treatment of the sexual desire of a victim of the Shoah, but also from the critical disbelief regarding the author's production of an original text. In this article we suggest that these sites of controversy are intimately linked. Allegations that Thomas was guilty of literary theft – of plagiarizing a more ‘authentic’ account of the historical events at Babi Yar – resonate with criticisms of the novel's gratuitous representations of sex. Ultimately, however, it is through this gratuitousness, evident in the novel's formal commitment to repetition, that Thomas's work invites reflection on the difficulty of an ethics of representation by implicating the aesthetic concerns of literature with those of psychoanalysis and historical fact. Specifically, we shall suggest that Thomas's positioning of the term anagnorisis – a critical term referring to the moment of recognition or clarification in tragic drama – is central to this project.
40
Tatum, W. Jeffrey. "Cicero's Opposition to theLex Clodia de Collegiis." Classical Quarterly 40, no. 1 (May 1990): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800026872.
Full textAbstract:
In March 59 Caesar and Pompey presided over the adoption of P. Clodius Pulcher into a plebeian family, thereby rendering the former patrician eligible for the tribunate. The immediate purpose of the dynasts' action was to silence the contumacious criticism of Cicero, whosePro Antoniohad gravely offended Caesar. And the gesture was effective: for a time at least, Cicero withdrew to his country estates. For Cicero – like everyone else in Rome – anticipated that, once tribune, Clodius would move to exact revenge for the dishonour done him during and after the Bona Dea trial. For the remainder of the year Cicero made preparations to fend off his enemy, and principal among his resources was the personal guarantee of his friend Pompey the Great. Pompey, who regarded Clodius as his creature, took it to be a point of honour that he should shield Cicero from harm's way. But the Vettius affair changed everything. Regardless of who masterminded the scandal and despite all protestations to the contrary, the Vettius affair left Pompey estranged from Cicero, a reality that Cicero could not fail to recognize. After the Vettius affair Cicero could not prudently rely solely on the dynasts' promises – if ever he did. Yet the means by which Cicero endeavoured to secure his own safety – independent of his relationship with Pompey or Caesar – have not been adequately appreciated by modern scholars. They incline, quite naturally in view of the events of 58 which followed Cicero's exile, to see the contest over Cicero's fate primarily as a struggle between the dynasts, especially Pompey, and Clodius. Such an attitude, however, tends to cause one to overlook an often cited but infrequently discussed stratagem of Cicero: according to Cassius Dio, Cicero induced L. Ninnius Quadratus, a tribune of 58, to stand up against the legislation which Clodius promulgated upon his entering the tribunate. This arrangement indicates that Cicero was trying with considerable energy to look after his own interests. It is the purpose of this paper to attempt to explain the means by which Cicero hoped to thwart Clodius as well as the machinations by which the erstwhile patrician outwitted his opponent.
41
McH., B., and Dominick LaCapra. "History and Criticism." Poetics Today 7, no. 3 (1986): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1772526.
Full text
42
Hornsby, Joseph, and David Aers. "Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology and History." South Atlantic Review 53, no. 1 (January 1988): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200408.
Full text
43
Samson, Anne, and David Aers. "Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology and History." Modern Language Review 84, no. 4 (October 1989): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731173.
Full text
44
Mullins, G. A. "Atrocity, Literature, Criticism." American Literary History 23, no. 1 (December 10, 2010): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajq084.
Full text
45
Sulyak, S. G. "I.P. Filevich and Carpathian Rus Part 1. Biography." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/3.
Full textAbstract:
Ivan Porfirevich Filevich (August 20 (September 1), 1856 – January 7 (20), 1913) – a Russian historian, publicist, and public figure, born in Chełm Land to the family of a Uniate priest, a native of Galicia, Orthodox. He graduated from St. Petersburg University, later taught Russian language, literature, and history at the First Realschule and at the Gymnasium of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in St. Petersburg. Since 1890, he worked at the Department of Russian History at the Imperial Warsaw University, first as an extra-ordinary professor, and since 1897 as an ordinary professor. His origin predetermined his interest in the history of Carpathian Rus, in particular Galicia and Chełm Land, and its population. In 1890, he received a Master’s degree for his work “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galician-Vladimir Legacy”. In 1897, he defended his doctoral degree at Kazan University on “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population”. He frequently travelled across Carpathian Rus. Having retired in 1908, he devoted himself to journalistic and social activities. Ivan Filevich authored monographs: “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galicia-Vladimir Legacy. Historical Sketches” (1890) and “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population” (1896), as well as numerous studies, among which were: “A Forgotten Corner” (1881), “Ugric Rus and Related Issues and Tasks of Russian Historical Science” (1894), “Sketch of the Carpathian Territory and Population” (1895), “On the development of geographical nomenclature” (1899), “Concerning the theory of two Russian nationalities” (1902), “The question of two Russian nationalities and ‘Kievan Antiquity’” (1902), “Carpathian Rus on the eve of the 20th century” (1905), “From the History of Carpathian Rus. Essays on Galician-Russian Life Since 1772 (1848–1866)” (1907) etc. Many of his minor materials (criticism and bibliographies) were published in Izvestia of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Society, Slavic Review, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, Warsaw University News, etc. In his last years, Filevich was actively involved in social and journalistic activities, popularizing scientific knowledge and informing readers about Western Russian, especially Chełm and Polish issues. His articles were published mainly in Novoye Vremya. He drew up notes and historical references for the development of legislative proposals on the Chełm and presented historical, statistical, and economic materials in the Duma commission on the separation of Chełm. Filevich managed to see the results of his work. The law “On the formation of Chełm province from the eastern parts of the Lublin and Sedletsk provinces, with its removal from the administration of the Warsaw Governor-General” was approved on June 23 (July 6) 1912. However, in fact, the province was officially opened on September 8, 1913, after I.P. Filevich’s death.
46
Toffoletti, Kim. "Gossip Girls in a Transmedia World: The Sexual and Technological Anxieties of Integral Reality." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2008vol18no2art1173.
Full textAbstract:
The proliferation of sexualised imagery of children and adolescents – especially girls – within media and advertising has elicited considerable public debate and academic discussion within Australia and overseas. Within these debates, girls are commonly configured as being ‘at risk’, that is, in danger of being sexualised, objectified and exploited. They are said to be in danger of growing up believing that popularity and success are tied to sexual appeal (Durham 2008; Reist 2008; Rush and La Nauze 2006). Books for young people are not exempt from these critiques, with children’s literature implicated in the agendas of mainstream consumer culture (Kline 1993). A case in point is Cecily von Ziegesar’s hugely popular Gossip Girl series, which has come under fire, most notably by American feminist Naomi Wolfe (2006) in a review essay for the New York Times. Wolfe criticises the books, and others like them, for fostering the sexualisation of young women through the championing of sex, shopping and status as the pathways to social approval and personal fulfillment for teenage girls. While acknowledging an established history of texts that grapple with the dilemmas of adolescence – including themes of sexual exploration and identification – Wolfe insists that these newer versions of the genre are not in keeping with ‘the frank sexual exploration found in a Judy Blume novel’, but instead present us with ‘teenage sexuality via Juicy Couture, blasé and entirely commodified’ (Wolfe 2006).
47
Gearhart, Suzanne, and Dominick LaCapra. "History as Criticism: The Dialogue of History and Literature." Diacritics 17, no. 3 (1987): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/464835.
Full text
48
Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko, and Yuliia Berdnychenko. "PREFACE." History of science and technology 11, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-271-273.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation of metrology as government regulated activity in France. The article has discussed the historical process of development of metrological activity in France. It was revealed that the history of metrology is considered as an auxiliary historical and ethnographic discipline from a social and philosophical point of view as the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition of individual units of physical quantities and branches of metrology. However, in the scientific literature, the little attention is paid to the process of a development of a centralized institutional metrology system that is the organizational basis for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The article by Irena Grebtsova and Maryna Kovalska is devoted to the of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The article by Tetiana Malovichko is devoted to the study of what changes the course of the probability theory has undergone from the end of the 19th century to our time based on the analysis of The Theory of Probabilities textbook by Vasyl P. Ermakov published in 1878. The paper contains a comparative analysis of The Probability Theory textbook and modern educational literature. The birth of children after infertility treatment of married couples with the help of assisted reproductive technologies has become a reality after many years of basic research on the physiology of reproductive system, development of oocyte’s in vitro fertilization methods and cultivation of embryos at pre-implantation stages. Given the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies in modern medical practice and the great interest of society to this problem, the aim of the study authors from the Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was to trace the main stages and key events of assisted reproductive technologies in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to highlight the activities of outstanding scientists of domestic and world science who were at the origins of the development of this area. As a result of the work, it has been shown that despite certain ethical and social biases, the discovery of individual predecessor scientists became the basis for the efforts of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe to ensure birth of the world's first child, whose conception occurred outside the mother's body. There are also historical facts and unique photos from our own archive, which confirm the fact of the first successful oocyte in vitro fertilization and the birth of a child after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. In the next article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. The authors of the following article considered the historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense. An analysis of numerous artefacts of the first third of the 20th century suggests that the production of many varieties of art-and-industrial ceramics developed in Halychyna, in particular architectural ceramic plastics, a variety of functional ceramics, decorative tiles, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, etc. The artistic features of Halychyna art ceramics, the richness of methods for decorating and shaping it, stylistic features, as well as numerous art societies, scientific and professional associations, groups, plants and factories specializing in the production of ceramics reflect the general development of this industry in the first half of the century and represent the prerequisites the emergence of the school of professional ceramics in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the next paper is to analyze the formation and development of scientific and professional schools of art-and-industrial ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. During the environmental crisis, electric transport (e-transport) is becoming a matter for scientific inquiry, a subject of discussion in politics and among public figures. In the program for developing the municipal services of Ukraine, priorities are given to the development of the infrastructure of ecological transport: trolleybuses, electric buses, electric cars. The increased attention to e-transport on the part of the scientific community, politicians, and the public actualizes the study of its history, development, features of operation, etc. The aim of the next study is to highlight little-known facts of the history of production and operation of MAN trolleybuses in Ukrainian cities, as well as to introduce their technical characteristics into scientific circulation. The types, specific design solutions of the first MAN trolleybus generation and the prerequisites for their appearance in Chernivtsi have been determined. Particular attention has been paid to trolleybuses that were in operation in Germany and other Western European countries from the first half of the 1930s to the early 1950s. The paper traces the stages of operation of the MAN trolleybuses in Chernivtsi, where they worked during 1939–1944 and after the end of the Second World War, they were transferred to Kyiv. After two years of operation in the Ukrainian capital, the trolleybuses entered the routes in Dnipropetrovsk during 1947–1951. The purpose of the article by authors from the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway.
49
Gemini dan Kunto Sofianto, Galun Eka. "PERANAN LASYKAR HIZBULLAH DI PRIANGAN 1945-1948." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v7i3.107.
Full textAbstract:
AbstrakPenelitian ini menggambarkan Peranan Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan dalam kurun waktu 1945 hingga 1948. Untuk merekontruksi permasalahan ini digunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data digunakan studi literatur dan wawancara, yaitu mengkaji sumber-sumber literatur yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti dan mewawancarai saksi sejarah atau pelaku sejarah sebagai narasumbernya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui latar belakang terbentuknya Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan; (2) mengetahui proses terbentuknya Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan; dan (3) mengetahui peranan Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan pada masa revolusi kemerdekaan (1945-1948). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lasykar Hizbullah terbentuk pada 10 Januari 1945. Lasykar Hizbullah merupakan organisasi/sayap kepemudaan yang berada di bawah naungan Masyumi Karesidenan Priangan. Lasykar Hizbullah telah memberikan peran penting dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Mereka terlibat aktif dalam pertempuran-pertempuran melawan Belanda-Sekutu, seperti Bandung Lautan Api, Agresi Militer Belanda I, menyikapi Perjanjian Renville. Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan pada perkembangannya terbagi menjadi dua kelompok: pertama, pro-pemerintah dan bergabung dengan TNI-Divisi Siliwangi sebagai hasil dari adanya program fusi badan-badan perjuangan dengan TNI pada 1947; kedua, kontra-pemerintah dan menjelma menjadi Tentara Islam Indonesia pada 1948, benteng terdepan Negara Islam Indonesia bentukan Kartosuwiryo. AbstractThis study illustrates the role of Laskar Hizbullah in Priangan in the period 1945 to 1948. In order to reconstruct the problem, this study uses history method which consists of four stages, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The techniques of data collection used literature and interviews, including reviewing the sources of literature related to the problems studied and interviewing the witnesses of history or historical actors as the respondents. This study aims to: (1) know the background of the Laskar Hizbullah formation in Priangan; (2) recognize the process of of Lasykar Hizbollah formation in Priangan; and (3) identify the role of Laskar Hizbullah in Priangan during the revolution of independence (1945-1948). The results showed that Laskar Hizbullah was formed on January 10, 1945. It is an organization under the auspices of Masjumi Priangan Residency. Hezbollah army has given an important role in maintaining the independence of Indonesia. They are actively involved in the battles against the Dutch-ally, such as Bandung Sea of Fire, Dutch Military Aggression I, addressing the Renville Agreement. Hezbollah army in Priangan, in its development, is divided into two groups: first, pro-government and join TNI-Siliwangi Division as a result of the fusion program ofstruggle agencies with the military in 1947; second, a counter-government and transformed into Islamic Army of Indonesia in 1948, the fort leading of Indonesian Islamic State of Kartosuwiryo formation.
50
Dranenko, Galyna. "“Aixo era y no era”: The Ontological Paradox of Metaphoric Reference." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 101 (July 9, 2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2020.101.030.
Full textAbstract:
A quick look on the history of criticism and literary theory of the current period shows curious reversals and strange returns. Indeed one can see the slow and unrelenting disappearance of rhetoric, justly qualified as restricted, since it has been all too often limited to identifying and classifying of the various figures. It has been replaced by a new criticism, a fundamentally formalist one, the assumptions of which are akin to those of the “text sciences”; if the structure, the “poetical function” of the texts were underlined, it was to the detriment of their functional reference and their meaning to put it simply. There is no doubt that today this approach is running out of steam and is meeting some decline. For that reason, the history of literature is coming back in force and finds a new youth with the developments of the theories of perception. But there reappears also a new interest in a semantic approach of the texts, which is concerned with their references. This approach, which comes from logistics (G. Frege), undoubtedly opens a philosophical horizon, particularly on some kind of ontology. Thus it is not surprising to find that a great many studies question the metaphorical process again from that perspective given the paradoxical nature of its reference and thus of its ontology which could be summed up through the usual exordium of the Majorcan storytellers: “Aixo era y no era” (it was and was not). Paul Ricœur insists on the paradoxical nature of the metaphorical reference since “the metaphor is a way of working on the language which consists in giving the logical subjects predicates that are incompatible with the first ones” (From Text to Action). In his book The Living Metaphor, the French philosopher analyses the concept of the “ontological metaphor” from the idea of the “divided reference”. Ricœur moves away from a purely stylistic or linguistic approach, centred on the word (a deviant denomination) to describe the metaphorical process on the level of the phrase and of the discourse (a non-pertinent predication): “Then there is a metaphor, since we can discern <…> the resistance of words <…> their incompatibility on the level of a literal interpretation of a sentence” (From Text to Action). But that non-pertinence and the abolition of the reference in the everyday reality are not a purely gratuitous verbal game, for they liberate “another kind of reference to other dimensions of reality” (The Living Metaphor). It is that way of tension of the metaphor which we intend to present in our study for it expresses some kind of „ontological vehemence” as Ricœur puts it so well? Let us add that the metaphor seen as a new description of reality, can be conceived, so to speak, as a “model”, in the sense of a prototype which accounts of the way a literary text functions when it is a “opening on the world”, when it places itself “in the service of things that want to be expressed” and when it responds “to the need of a discourse that comes from all forms of experience” (Mimesis, Reference and new figuration in “Time and Narrative”).