Journal articles: 'Sex discrimination in education Victoria'

1

Ning, Nan. "Sex Discrimination in Education." Chinese Education 25, no. 1 (April 1992): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ced1061-1932250144.

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O'Reilly, Patricia, and Kathryn Borman. "Sexism and sex discrimination in education." Theory Into Practice 26, sup1 (December 1986): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405848709543317.

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Alessa, Amani Saleh. "Sex Discrimination within Kuwaiti Laws. Part 2." Arab Law Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2010): 225–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302510x504962.

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AbstractThis article focuses on several different issues of discrimination against women. While some such discriminatory issues are based on law, others are in fact based on just a matter of practice. Interestingly enough, some of the sex discrimination issues actually dispute the Shari‘a. One example can be found in education. The Shari‘a encourages education for both sexes while, historically, women have been denied education. The importance of mentioning the Shari‘a here is that, while Kuwait claims that it is an Islamic country and devoted to the Shari‘a, especially when it comes to women, this article proves that it is culture, not the Shari‘a, that represses women.

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Grunig, Larissa A. "Sex Discrimination in Promotion and Tenure in Journalism Education." Journalism Quarterly 66, no. 1 (March 1989): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769908906600112.

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Murphy, Stephanie. "Title IX: The Transformation of Sex Discrimination in Education." Journal of Sport History 47, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.47.1.0081.

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Meyer, Elizabeth J., and Andrea Somoza-Norton. "Addressing sex discrimination with Title IX coordinators in the #MeToo era." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 2 (September 24, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718803562.

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Title IX coordinators play an essential role in ensuring that schools are free of gender-based harassment and discrimination; however, a recent survey of coordinators in California and Colorado shows that many of them are poorly equipped to do this work. In their study, Elizabeth J. Meyer and Andrea Somoza-Norton found that contact information for Title IX coordinators is often difficult to find, that their job descriptions are too broad and complex, that they receive insufficient training, and that many are unaware of their role in assisting students, especially transgender students. The authors recommend that the Office of Civil Rights, district leaders, school boards, and Title IX coordinators themselves take action to bring clarity to this work.

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Bježančević, Sanja. "The Grounds and more serious forms of discrimination in Croatia." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 42, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.42.1.2.

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Although the legislative framework for protection against discrimination in Croatia covers a considerable number of grounds and could be described as satisfactory, discrimination in society is present to a greater extent than that registered in complaints received by the Office of the Ombudswoman. Different treatment of a person or persons may involve several different legally protected grounds, resulting in a more serious form of discrimination defined under the Anti-Discrimination Act as multiple discrimination. The concept of multiple discrimination is very complex and multi-layered. Thus, the focus of this research was to conduct a survey on 761 respondents stratified by sex, education, and age. The chi-square test examined the relationship between the grounds of discrimination provided by respondents who declare themselves victims of discrimination in the area of work and working conditions, in the area of education and justice, and based on their sex, level of education, and age. The results of the research show that more than half of the respondents experienced some form of discrimination and that more than half of the respondents who declare themselves victims of discrimination experienced some of the more serious forms of discrimination.

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Bježančević, Sanja. "The Grounds and more serious forms of discrimination in Croatia." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 42, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.42.1.2.

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Although the legislative framework for protection against discrimination in Croatia covers a considerable number of grounds and could be described as satisfactory, discrimination in society is present to a greater extent than that registered in complaints received by the Office of the Ombudswoman. Different treatment of a person or persons may involve several different legally protected grounds, resulting in a more serious form of discrimination defined under the Anti-Discrimination Act as multiple discrimination. The concept of multiple discrimination is very complex and multi-layered. Thus, the focus of this research was to conduct a survey on 761 respondents stratified by sex, education, and age. The chi-square test examined the relationship between the grounds of discrimination provided by respondents who declare themselves victims of discrimination in the area of work and working conditions, in the area of education and justice, and based on their sex, level of education, and age. The results of the research show that more than half of the respondents experienced some form of discrimination and that more than half of the respondents who declare themselves victims of discrimination experienced some of the more serious forms of discrimination.

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Nehioshon, Johnstune, Buniface Mechirie, and Mkamzie Ndambuki. "Reproductive Health Education on Attitudes About Teenage Girls Premarital Sex." Journal Wetenskap Health 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jwh.v2i2.105.

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Sexual health is described as a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being in all aspects of sexuality, not only the absence of sickness or impairment. Reproductive rights, on the other hand, are the rights to reach the highest levels of sexual and reproductive health. This includes the freedom to make reproductive choices without fear of discrimination or violence. Complete knowledge, as well as the instillation of religious beliefs and standards, may help to protect children and adolescents from sexual offenses.

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Jones, David A. "Discrimination Against Same-Sex Couples in Hotel Reservation Policies." Journal of Homosexuality 31, no. 1-2 (June 21, 1996): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v31n01_09.

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GURNEY, KAREN. "TWISTING THE KNIFE- DISCRIMINATION IN THE LAW." Deakin Law Review 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2004vol9no2art248.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>Of the many different variations that can occur in human sexual formation, trans- sexualism no doubt remains the least understood by the wider Australian commu- nity. As a consequence, the process of attaining human rights to legal status, privacy, dignity and freedom from discrimination for those who experience this unusual condition has been a slow and sometimes frustrating one. The article seeks to introduce the reader to some of the more recent developments in the interna- tional jurisprudence of transsexualism and the underlying medical evidence that has supported them. It also offers criticism of the belated attempt by the State of Victoria, with the </span><span>Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration (Amendment) Act 2004, </span><span>to establish certain statutory rights in this regard. While the legislation was en- acted with the stated and very laudable purpose of providing for the correction of birth records on the Register of Births of those people with transsexualism who have altered their phenotypic sex by hormonal medication and surgery, the article argues it has also served to remove other equally important rights already won and proposes that a final remedy will only be found, as on previous occasions, in the courts.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>

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Swartzman, Leora C., Clive Seligman, and Wlliam J. McClelland. "Detecting Gender Discrimination in University Salaries: A Case Study." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 22, no. 1 (April 30, 1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v22i1.183119.

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To assess sex discrimination in university salary allocation accurately, one must determine whether gender explains the salary difference in and of itself, or exerts its influence through other variables, such as rank and departmental affiliation, that themselves affect salary and may correlate with gender. Using members of the Faculty of Social Science (N = 133) of a large Canadian university as a case sample, we assessed gender discrimination in promotion and gender differences in departmental affiliation as related to salary before including these two variables in statistical analyses predicting salary. No evidence was found for discrimination in promotion and women were not morie under-represented in the higher-salaried departments. Several regression models recommended in the literature for assessing gender discrimination in salaries were conducted and yielded convergent findings : male and female faculty similar on salary-relevant variables were equivalently paid. While these results should be reassuring, they would not go very far toward resolving salary discrimination disputes in the university studied or in most other academic institutions. The difficulties of applying the results of statistical analyses within a politically-charged arena are discussed.

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Parry, Odette. ""We Don't Contravene the Sex Discrimination Act"—female students at journalism school." Gender and Education 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954025900020101.

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Rosenberg, Rosalind. "From the witness stand: Previously unpublished testimony in the sex discrimination case against sears." Academic Questions 1, no. 1 (March 1988): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02682763.

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Preston, Lesley. "The focus wasn’t on ‘boomsa‐daisy’: sex education at Shepparton South Technical School, Victoria, 1973‐1986." History of Education Review 36, no. 2 (October 14, 2007): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08198691200700007.

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Reynolds, Celene. "Repurposing Title IX: How Sexual Harassment Became Sex Discrimination in American Higher Education." American Journal of Sociology 128, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 462–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/722299.

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Gallego-Noche, Beatriz, Cristina Goenechea, Inmaculada Antolínez‐Domínguez, and Concepción Valero‐Franco. "Towards Inclusion in Spanish Higher Education: Understanding the Relationship between Identification and Discrimination." Social Inclusion 9, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i3.4065.

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It is more and more evident that there is diversity among university students, but this diversity encompasses a wide variety of personal characteristics that, on occasion, may be subject to rejection or discrimination. The feeling of inequality is the result of one stand‐alone characteristic or an intersection of many. To widen our knowledge of this diversity and to be able to design actions with an inclusive approach, we have set out to explore the relationship between students’ feelings of discrimination, their group identification and their intersections. Participants for the study are selected from protected groups which fall into the following criteria: ethnic minority, illness, migrant minority, disability, linguistic minority, sexual orientation, income, political ideology, gender, age and religion. We will refer to this relationship as the ‘discrimination rate.’ To fulfil our objective, we have given a questionnaire to a sample of 2,553 students from eight Spanish universities. The results indicate that the characteristics with which they most identify are religion, age, sex and political ideology. However, the highest rate of discrimination is linked to linguistic minority, ideology and migration. Regarding intersectionality, it is worth noting that 16.6% of students feel discriminated against for more than one characteristic, with the most frequent relationships being the following: (1) ethnic or migrant minorities (2) sexual orientation, sex, being under 30, leftist ideology, low income, linguistic minority and (3) Christian Catholic, right‐wing and upper‐class ideology.

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Akhtar, Rajnaara. "OFSTED V AL-HIJRAH, THE CASE OF SEGREGATED SCHOOLS AND SEX DISCRIMINATION." Denning Law Journal 30, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v30i1.1656.

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This case of HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children’s Services and Skills v The Interim Executive Board of Al-Hijrah School was the unfortunate outcome of an Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) inspection which resulted in a cataclysmic breakdown in trust between the government agency and the Birmingham city based Al-Hijrah school. Following an Ofsted inspection carried out under section 5 of the Education Act 2005, the subsequent Report stated that the full segregation of female and male pupils in a mixed-sex school amounted to sex discrimination under the Equality Act 2010. Al-Hijrah School applied to the High Court for a judicial review of the report prior to its official publication. The High Court Justice considered a range of evidences including facts related to Ofsted procedure, and ruled that the segregation did not amount to a breach of the 2010 Act, as when taken as a group, the treatment of the boys and the girls was the same and so there was an absence of “less favourable treatment”.

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19

Gray, Mary W. "The Halls of Ivy and the Halls of Justice: Resisting Sex Discrimination against Faculty Women." Academe 71, no. 5 (1985): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40249490.

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20

SHAW, BEVERLEY. "Sexual Discrimination and the Equal Opportunities Commission: ought schools to eradicate sex stereotyping?" Journal of Philosophy of Education 23, no. 2 (December 1989): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1989.tb00214.x.

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Dos Santos, Luis Miguel. "Stress, Challenges, Discrimination and Sense-Making Processes of Gay University Students: The Social Stigma Approach." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0093.

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On 24th May 2019, the same-sex marriage law took effect, which allowed same-sex couples to marry in Taiwan. About two years after the same-sex marriage law took effect in the community, only a few studies focused on the stress, challenges, discrimination, and sense-making processes of sexual minorities in Taiwan, particularly in the rural communities. Based on the social stigma theory and case study methodology, the researcher collected qualitative data from 16 gay university students who are currently enrolled at one of the Taiwanese universities in rural communities. The results indicated that support of the university administrators, support in the classroom environments, and support in dormitories and roommates were the main findings. The results of this study would fill the research and practical gaps in the fields of same-sex marriage, LGBT rights, and sexual minorities, for the government leaders, non-profit organisations, school administrators, and scholars in the Taiwanese environment. Received: 21 April 2022 / Accepted: 26 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

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Poljski, Carolyn, Regina Quiazon, and Chau Tran. "Ensuring Rights: Improving Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Female International Students in Australia." Journal of International Students 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v4i2.475.

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Drawing on the research and advocacy work being conducted by the Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health (MCWH), a national community-based organization in Victoria, Australia, the paper analyzes female international students’ experiences with accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services. Accessibility of sexual and reproductive health services is one of a number of areas identified by MCWH in which international students experience unequal treatment. The limitations of international students’ mandatory health insurance is of particular concern because it appears to conflict with Australia’s human rights obligations to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination and to ensure appropriate services in connection with pregnancy. Given the social, cultural and economic benefits international students bring to the country in which they choose to study, state action on equitable health access for international students is urgently called for.

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Nanda, Bijayalaxmi, and Nupur Ray. "Gender Discrimination and Sex-Ratio Imbalance: A Qualitative Analysis." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.025.

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The article strives to engage with the notion of gender discrimination at birth. It critically examines the various trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth in order to explore the intensification of its masculinization. Gender- biased sex selection or the practice of sex determination followed by sex-selective abortion in India is considered to be the main reason for this masculinization. Decennial Census since 1991 has shed light on this through its child sex ratio data. Other survey data which capture this include the National Family Health Survey. Scholars, policy-makers, demographers and health practitioners have closely examined this form of discrimination by delving into both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The government of India has unfurled many policies, programmes and laws to counter this imbalance. However, the ratios continue to reveal severe imbalances with passage of time. Apart from the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection Act) 1994 we have the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme which was initiated in 2014. The scheme is a holistic one bringing about a tri ministerial convergence of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Women and Child Development to work on the issue. The approach of the scheme is a community approach falling largely within the rubric of enabling community health practices and participation. The paper draws on both the trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth and other data enriching it by voices from the field from districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where the decline is one of the worst. It contextualizes the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme in this regard in order to arrive at a conclusion of what has improved in terms of numbers as well as attitudes or mindsets. It finally makes suggestions for the way forward in terms of countering gender discrimination at birth and bringing about an egalitarian society by emphasizing on the value of girl-child and women.

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Barker, Renae. "The Place of the Child in Recent Australian Debate about Freedom of Religion and Belief." Laws 11, no. 6 (November 17, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11060083.

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Political and legal debate about freedom of religion and belief (FoRB) in Australia has intensified since the same-sex marriage postal survey in 2017. Central to this debate has been children, their parents and institutions (Schools). This paper outlines the place of children in the Australian FoRB since 2017, focusing on the same-sex marriage postal survey debate and subsequent reviews into FoRB. In particular, it highlights the links drawn between same-sex marriage or marriage equality and the Safe School Coalition Australia campaign, the emphasis on parental rights in relation to education about marriage in schools, and the ongoing debate about potential reform to Australia’s suite of anti-discrimination laws, including the failed federal Religious Discrimination Bill.

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Kong, Fabian Y. S., Jane S. Hocking, Chris Kyle Link, Marcus Y. Chen, and Margaret E. Hellard. "Sex and sport: sexual risk behaviour in young people in rural and regional Victoria." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09071.

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Background: To determine the prevalence of chlamydia and understand sexual risk behaviour in 16–29 year olds in rural Victoria through a chlamydia testing program undertaken at local sporting clubs. Methods: Young people were recruited from the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia between May and September 2007. After a night of sporting practice, participants provided a first pass urine sample and completed a brief questionnaire about sexual risk behaviour. Those positive for chlamydia were managed by telephone consultation with a practitioner from Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Results: A total of 709 young people participated (77% male, 23% female) in the study; 77% were sexually active. Overall chlamydia prevalence in sexually active participants was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–7.3); 7.4% in females (95% CI: 3.5–13.6) and 4.5% in males (95% CI: 2.7–6.9). Approximately 60% of males and 20% of females consumed alcohol at high ‘Risky Single Occasion Drinking’ levels at least weekly and 60% had used an illicit drug in their lifetime. Nearly 45% reported having sex in the past year when they usually wouldn’t have because they were too drunk or high. Sexually transmissible infection (STI) knowledge was generally poor and only 25% used a condom the last time they had sex. Conclusion: Chlamydia prevalence was high in our study population. Many participants had poor knowledge about STIs and low condom use. These findings combined with high levels of risky alcohol use and having sex while intoxicated highlights the need for programs in rural and regional Victoria that combine both STI testing and prevention and education programs.

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Hines, Laurie Moses. "When Parallel Paths Cross: Competition and the Elimination of Sex Segregation in the Education Fraternities, 1969–1974." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 2 (2003): 196–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00120.x.

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In the late 1960s, the all-male Phi Delta Kappa and the parallel all-female organization, Pi Lambda Theta, faced local and national pressures to abandon their single-sex status and become coeducational. Demands for the sex integration of both fraternities from university students, from educational and women's associations, and from universities responding to governmental censures to eliminate sex discrimination forced Pi Lambda Theta (PLT) and Phi Delta Kappa (PDK) to examine the purpose and organization of single-sex associations in American professional and collegiate life. For Phi Delta Kappa and, in particular, Pi Lambda Theta, the advent of coeducational membership led to direct competition between the formerly cooperative men's and women's groups. Thus, the elimination of sex segregation in the education fraternities ended approximately fifty years of cooperation and an alliance that promoted the professional distinctions between all educators and those in the separate but parallel Phi Delta Kappa and Pi Lambda Theta.

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Danylchuk, Karen E. "Occupational Stressors in Physical Education Faculties." Journal of Sport Management 7, no. 1 (January 1993): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.7.1.7.

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The prevalence of occupational Stressors in physical education faculties/ departments as a function of sex, age, marital status, family status, years of work experience in higher education, and type of appointment was examined through use of the Stress Diagnostic Survey (Ivancevich & Matteson, 1988a). This multidimensional self-report inventory consists of 17 dimensions, which are further subdivided into organizational Stressors (macrostressors) and individual Stressors (microstressors). The sample reported moderate degrees of stress in comparison to the normative data with the macrostressors being greater sources of stress than the microstressors. Quantitative overload was rated the highest followed by time pressure and rewards. Qualitative overload was rated lowest followed by role ambiguity and role conflict. Sex was associated with the greatest number of Stressors—gender discrimination, quantitative overload, and time pressure. Females perceived these three Stressors to be significantly greater sources of stress than did males.

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Davison, Heather K., and Michael J. Burke. "Sex Discrimination in Simulated Employment Contexts: A Meta-analytic Investigation." Journal of Vocational Behavior 56, no. 2 (April 2000): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1711.

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Hohnke, Mark, and Patrick O'Brien. "Discrimination Against Same Sex Attracted Youth: The Role of the School Counsellor." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.18.1.67.

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AbstractBeginning with a discussion of current legislation in Australia around inclusion, this paper highlights recent research into the school experience of Same Sex Attracted Youth (SSAY), including the issues faced by students, and the negative outcomes of such experiences. The school experiences of SSAY youth is positioned within a social justice framework. The critical role that school counsellors can play in determining school culture is examined. The role of a school counsellor as part of a pastoral care team within school management is also highlighted. Factors that may influence a more supportive and inclusive school culture are discussed.

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Chun, Heeran, and Monica Das Gupta. "Gender discrimination in sex selective abortions and its transition in South Korea." Women's Studies International Forum 32, no. 2 (March 2009): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2009.03.008.

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Underwood, Julie. "Under the Law: The education legacy of Justice John Paul Stevens." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721719879160.

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Julie Underwood reflects on the legacy of retired Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens after his death in July 2019. During his 35-year term, he served on the court through various ideological configurations — liberal, conservative, and split. As such, he may be remembered for both dissents and majority opinions in numerous areas related to education, particularly in the areas of separation of church and state, desegregation, sex discrimination, and student rights.

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Stork, Florian. "Comments on the Draft of the New German Private Law Anti-Discrimination Act: Implementing Directives 2000/43/EC and 2004/113/EC in German Private Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001378x.

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European Directives impose upon Germany the obligation to incorporate antidiscrimination provisions in its civil law. The anti-discrimination legislation is intended to provide effective civil law remedies against discrimination in everyday life by private persons, e.g. access to housing, restaurants and education. For the purposes of this article, discrimination may generally be defined as any treatment – including a refusal to deal with – by a private party that is less favorable than to another person and is conditioned upon a characteristic such as racial or ethnic origin, sex, etc.

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Eckes, Suzanne. "Sex Discrimination in Schools: The Law and Its Impact on School Policies." Laws 10, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020034.

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The law has the potential to influence school policy in the United States. Specifically, statutes, constitutional provisions, and the outcomes of court cases can impact the civil rights of students, which, in turn, can presumably lead to policies that prohibit discriminatory practices. For example, Congress has enacted federal laws (statutes) that prohibit discrimination based on race, sex, and disability; these laws arguably impact school practice. After setting the legal context, through an analysis of statutes, constitutional provisions and case law, this article examines how law has the potential to influence education policy related to sex discrimination. In doing so, a few illustrative cases related to sexual harassment, single-sex programs, pregnant and parenting teens, dress codes, transgender student rights, and athletics are discussed to provide examples about how case outcomes may help create more equitable school environments.

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Smith, Elizabeth. "Of fish and goddesses: using photo-elicitation with sex workers." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-01-2015-0006.

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Purpose – Art-based research is about so much more than producing interesting, confronting, or pretty visuals: it is about the stories beneath, attached to, and elicited through the image. It is also about the experience of thinking about, capturing, and producing that visual. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of participant-driven photo-elicitation interviews with six women working in sex work in Victoria, Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The author does this both through the women’s narratives and through a researcher autoethnography. From her current position, the author (re)writes her experiences of undertaking this research in 2009, in order to highlight the uncertainty and confusion that can accompany visual research methods. Findings – The multiple places that photos can take participants, researchers, and readers is explored including empathy and understandings of how a single phenomenon (such as sex work) intersects with all other aspects of people’s lives and cannot be explained through theory that does not take account of intersectionality. Originality/value – This paper is a unique exploration of two methods, one layered over the other. It contributes to learnings obtained through participant-driven photo-elicitation while also treating the researcher’s experience of using this interview technique as data as well.

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Glover, LáShauntá M., Crystal W. Cené, Alexander Reiner, Samson Gebreab, David R. Williams, Kari E. North, and Mario Sims. "Discrimination and Leukocyte Telomere Length by Depressive Symptomatology: The Jackson Heart Study." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060639.

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Background: Psychosocial stressors, such as perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, may shorten telomeres and exacerbate aging-related illnesses. Methods: Participants from the Jackson Heart Study at visit 1 (2000–2004) with LTL data and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores (n = 580 men, n = 910 women) were utilized. The dimensions of discrimination scores (everyday, lifetime, burden of lifetime, and stress from lifetime discrimination) were standardized and categorized as low, moderate, and high. Coping responses to everyday and lifetime discrimination were categorized as passive and active coping. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the mean difference (standard errors-SEs) in LTL by dimensions of discrimination and coping responses stratified by CES-D scores < 16 (low) and ≥ 16 (high) and sex. Covariates were age, education, waist circumference, smoking and CVD status. Results: Neither everyday nor lifetime discrimination was associated with mean differences in LTL for men or women by levels of depressive symptoms. Burden of lifetime discrimination was marginally associated with LTL among women who reported low depressive symptoms after full adjustment (b = 0.11, SE = 0.06, p = 0.08). Passive coping with lifetime discrimination was associated with longer LTL among men who reported low depressive symptoms after full adjustment (b = 0.18, SE = 0.09, p < 0.05); and active coping with lifetime discrimination was associated with longer LTL among men who reported high depressive symptoms after full adjustment (b = 1.18, SE = 0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intersection of perceived discrimination and depressive symptomatology may be related to LTL, and the effects may vary by sex.

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Lange-Maia, Brittney, Melissa Lamar, Sue Leurgans, Aron Buchman, and Lisa Barnes. "Discrimination and Risk of Incident Disability in Older African Americans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.998.

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Abstract Discrimination is linked to poor health outcomes, but most studies examine young or midlife populations. We assessed associations between discrimination and disability in African Americans. The Detroit Areas Study Everyday Discrimination Scale quantified experiences of interpersonal mistreatment. Separate Cox-proportional hazards models tested the associations between baseline discrimination and incident mobility, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) disability, adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, smoking, depressive symptoms, and vascular diseases. At baseline, 441, 674, and 469, participants were initially free of mobility, ADL, and IADL disability, respectively, and 257, 185, and 269 new cases of mobility, ADL, and IADL disability were observed over approximately 8.5 years. Discrimination was associated with higher risk of ADL disability (hazard ratio: 1.03 per 1-point higher discrimination score, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.06) but no other disability type. Everyday discrimination is associated with risk of ADL disability.

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Weitzman, Abigail. "The Sex of Firstborn Children and Intimate Partner Violence in India." Violence Against Women 26, no. 6-7 (March 27, 2019): 590–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219833823.

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This article investigates the effects of firstborn sex on intimate partner violence (IPV) in India, taking into account heterogeneity across state sex ratios and maternal education. In states with masculine sex ratios of first births, firstborn daughters are found to elevate the risk and severity of IPV. The effects of firstborn daughters on sexual IPV are particularly pronounced among uneducated women in these states. These findings suggest that amid son preference at low birth orders, the sex of firstborn children can contribute to violence against mothers, providing new insights into the household reproduction of gender discrimination and violence.

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Qiao, Xiao-Feng, Qian Ren, Xin Li, Tong-Li Li, and Redentor S. Mariano. "Analysis of subjective perception and influencing factors of different inclusive education models among prelingually deaf children with a cochlear implant." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 030006052092985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520929855.

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Objective We aimed to explore the educational outcome and influencing factors of ongoing verbal rehabilitation training together with inclusive education among prelingually deaf children with a cochlear implant. Methods Prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation, rehabilitation, and had inclusive education placement were randomly divided into two groups: one group received continuous verbal rehabilitation training under inclusive education status; the other group did not receive this training. Speech discrimination scores were determined. Results Among 60 included children, subjectively perceived academic adaptability, peer relations, initiative communication, and teacher’s involvement under inclusive education, as well as speech discrimination scores, were all significantly different between groups. Continuous verbal rehabilitation training influenced the subjective perception of children and resulted in higher speech discrimination scores and more positive subjective perception. Subjective perception was not significantly correlated with chronological age, sex, age at the time of cochlear implantation, or duration of inclusive education. Conclusion Ongoing verbal rehabilitation training within inclusive education can largely improve the education placement outcomes of prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants.

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Gorge, Kenny M. "Risk Factors for Men Who Have Sex with Men." Science Insights 40, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re036.

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It is typical for men who have sex with men (MSM) to have several sexual partners, unstable partners, unprotected sex, or intersex relationships, all of which increase the risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus. As a result of their behavior and close connection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, MSM individuals have been subjected to a barrage of interrogations, condemnations, and discrimination. Study and analysis of the risk factors of MSMs will not only assist in correctly knowing and comprehending the community, but also aid in the provision of health education, sickness prevention, and treatment.

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Eckes, Suzanne E., and Julie F. Mead. "Under the Law: Discriminatory practices in voucher programs." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 6 (February 24, 2020): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720909641.

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A recent case in Maryland raises the question of how state policies related to school funding apply to religious schools with discriminatory practices. A private Maryland school was denied voucher funds when the state learned that the school’s handbook required that dress codes, pronoun use, and restroom choice align with a student’s sex assigned at birth. The school sued, claiming that the policy was not discriminatory because it does not apply to student admission. Suzanne Eckes and Julie Mead consider this case in light of past cases involving school discrimination.

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Dalton, Shamika, and Michele Villagran. "Minimizing and addressing microaggressions in the workplace: Be proactive, part 2." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 10 (November 8, 2018): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.10.538.

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Our nation’s history plays a huge role in the way we perceive underrepresented groups. From slavery to segregation, to the inequality in compensation for women and people of color, to the refusal to wed same sex couples, discrimination and opposition has plagued the United States for decades. Since the Civil Rights Movement, discrimination towards underrepresented groups has shifted from overt acts to subtle and semiconscious manifestations called microaggressions. These manifestations reside in well-intentioned individuals who are often unaware of their biased beliefs, attitudes, and actions. They can lead to inequities within our relationships and affect our work productivity.

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Rule, Pauline. "The Transformative Effect of Australian Experience on the Life of Ho A Mei, 1838–1901, Hong Kong Community Leader and Entrepreneur." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341256.

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Abstract Ho A Mei, one of the earliest young Chinese to receive a thorough English education in the colony of Hong Kong, spent ten difficult years from 1858 to 1868, striving to make a fortune in the gold rush Australian colony of Victoria. Here he learnt much about modern business practices and ventures and also protested against the racial hostility that the Chinese encountered. Eventually after his retreat back to Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, he was successful partly because of his experiences in the advanced capitalist economy of colonial Victoria. This led him to move beyond the mercantile enterprises and property buying, which were key activities of many Hong Kong Chinese businessmen, into the areas of modern financial and telegraph services and mining ventures. He also spoke out frequently in a provocative manner against the colonial government over injustices and discrimination that limited the rights and freedom of the Chinese in Hong Kong. During the 1880s and 1890s, he was a recognized Chinese community leader, one whose assertiveness on behalf of Chinese interests was not always appreciated by the Hong Kong authorities.

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Ribeiro, B., P. Ribeiro, and R. Bedin. "Sex Education in Brazil: A Proposal for Education and Research - Body, Gender and Sexuality in the Process of Self-Knowledge and the Construction of an Active Citizenship." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-p-0040.

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Objective: Developing proposals of sex education in school. Brazil has vast and qualified bibliography resulting from research carried out by diligent researchers, mostly from research groups from universities in the country. Sex education is an important space for the realization of concrete proposals for actions that combats discrimination, prejudice and sexual violence, both symbolic as real, and that the insertion of issues of diversity and gender in teacher education in sex education will enable its success and its wide reach. Design and Method: The proposal that guides the development of this work turns to the continuing education of teachers and health professionals in sexuality education, with an emphasis on promoting a culture of recognition of sexual diversity, gender equality and adolescent sexuality as an integral part of the process of construction of an active citizenship, using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Results: The project inserted the issue of citizenship and human rights as one of the pillars of gender equality and of a full sex life with the least of possible distress, anxiety, guilt and misinformation. And we verified the efficiency of the use of the Information and Communication Technologies in teacher training. Conclusions: The use of Information and Communication Technologies in sex education can stimulate the development of technological thinking and the increasing of a new mentality of continuing education for teachers, not common in Brazil.

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Shrestha, Savitri. "Gender Discrimination and Its Impacts in Macro-Economic Development." KMC Research Journal 3, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v3i3.35719.

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Gender refers to the complex social construction of men’s and women’s identities. Sex and gender are different. The biological or physical construction is sex, which is created by nature. Gender is purely a social construct. Gender Equality is a concept that is yet to be materialized. Around the world different individuals and groups of people are marginalized and discriminated on the basis of various factors, but discrimination against women is universal. Due to this, women are not able to use their full potential or assert their rights to live healthy life, and it has a deep impact in economic development. Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basic of economic development. Gender inequality is a severe obstacle to socio-economic development, human capital development and income generation. Gender inequality is harmful to long term development and growth. Unequal gender will never alone be sufficient for poverty reduction and economic development. Gender discrimination not only affects females but males as well. The discriminatory practices do not only affect individuals but national economy and world economy as a whole. Due to stereotypical division of work most men are over loaded with economic duties, while women are being limited to household works only. Fifty per cent of the world population is over-loaded with economic duties, while fifty per cent of the brain is underutilized. The economic value of the household work which is done by females is not calculated and reflected in a country’s economy. This devalues the effort and work done by females and also is loss for the national economy. Education and development goes together, for a better balance of gender, educational equality is must. Education is key factor to promote human capital, which ensures economic growth. Formal education, trainings, study programs improves the capacity of individuals to live a decent life, which is the basic of development. Gender will never alone be sufficient for development. Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basis of economic development.

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Taylor-Sands, Michelle M. "The Discriminatory Legal Barrier of Partner Consent in Victorian ART Law: EHT18 v Melbourne IVF." Medical Law Review 27, no. 3 (2019): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwz010.

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Abstract In September 2018, the Federal Court of Australia found that a Victorian woman did not need her estranged husband’s consent to undergo in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF) using donor sperm. The woman, who was 45 years of age, made an urgent application to the Court for permission to undergo IVF using donor sperm. In a single judge ruling, Griffiths J held that the requirement in the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008 (Vic) (‘ART Act’) for a married woman to obtain the consent of her husband discriminated against the woman in question on the basis of her marital status in contravention of the Commonwealth Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) (‘SD Act’). His Honour declared the Victorian law in this instance ‘invalid and inoperable’ by operation of section 109 of the Commonwealth Constitution to the extent it was inconsistent with the Commonwealth law. Although the declarations by the Federal Court were limited in their terms to the circumstances of the case, the judgment raises broader issues about equity of access to assisted reproductive treatment (ART) in Victoria. The issue of partner consent as a barrier to access to ART was specifically raised by an independent review of the ART Act in Victoria. The Victorian Government released an interim report late last year as a first stage of the review, which canvasses some options for reform. This raises a broader question as to whether prescriptive legislation imposing detailed access requirements for ART is necessary or even helpful.

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Mullen, P., and J. Ogloff. "Providing mental health services to adult offenders in Victoria, Australia: Overcoming barriers." European Psychiatry 24, no. 6 (September 2009): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.003.

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AbstractPurposeTo illustrate the development of the interface between general and forensic mental health services in Victoria, Australia.MethodDeveloping effective cooperation between the general and forensic mental health services requires overcoming a number of barriers. The attitude of general services that antisocial behaviour was none of their business was tackled through ongoing workshops and education days over several years. The resistance to providing care to those disabled by severe personality disorders or substance abuse was reduced by presenting and promoting models of care developed in forensic community and inpatient services which prioritised these areas. The reluctance of general services to accept offenders was reduced by involving general services in court liaison clinics and in prisoner release plans. Cooperation was enhanced by the provision of risk assessments, the sharing of responsibility for troublesome patients, and a problem behaviours clinic to support general services in coping with stalkers, sex offenders and threateners.ConclusionsActive engagement with general services was promoted at the level of providing education, specialised assessments and a referral source for difficult patients. This generated a positive interface between forensic and general mental health services, which improved the quality of care delivered to mentally abnormal offenders.

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Thompson, Sandra C., Gill E. Checkley, Jane S. Hocking, Nick Crofts, Anne M. Mijch, and Fiona K. Judd. "HIV Risk Behaviour and HIV Testing of Psychiatric Patients in Melbourne." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065079.

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Objectives: Patients with chronic mental illnesses constitute an important risk group for HIV infection overseas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk behaviours associated with HIV transmission and factors associated with HIV testing in psychiatric patients in Melbourne. Methods: Inpatients and outpatients completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire which covered demographics, psychiatric diagnosis, risk behaviour, and HIV education and testing. Results: Of 145 participants, 60% were male and 55.2% had schizophrenia. Injecting drug use (IDU) was reported by 15.9%, a figure approximately 10 times that found in other population surveys. Most patients reported sex in the last decade and over 20% had multiple sexual partners in the last year. Of males, 12.6% reported sex with another male (9.2% anal sex); 19.0% of females reported sex with a bisexual male. Nearly half of the males reported sex with a prostitute, 2.5 times that in a population sample. Only 15.9% reported ever having someone talk to them specifically about HIV and its transmission, although one-third had been tested for HIV. In multivariate analysis, male-male sex, paying for sex, and IDU were associated with HIV testing, but those whose primary language was not English were less likely to be tested. Those who had received HIV education were more likely to have used a condom last time they had sex (OR 4.52, 95%C11.49–14.0). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that those with serious mental illness in Victoria have higher rates of participation in risk behaviour for HIV infection than those in the general community. Attention to HIV education and prevention in this group has been inappropriately scant; strategies to encourage safer behaviour are urgently needed.

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Richman, Laura Smart, and Mark L. Hatzenbuehler. "A Multilevel Analysis of Stigma and Health." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548862.

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This article reviews research on stigma and discrimination—at both the interpersonal and societal levels—faced by disadvantaged groups. Research on interpersonal discrimination primarily concerns discrimination that is perceived and directly experienced (e.g., discrimination in employment and health care), whereas research on societal discrimination focuses on broad societal factors (e.g., institutional policies, social attitudes). We review evidence across numerous fields of study that rely on several types of research designs, which indicate that both forms of stigma and discrimination demonstrably contribute to health inequalities for disadvantaged groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. These adverse health outcomes range from maladaptive physiological stress responses in a laboratory setting to premature mortality at a population level. The science on stigma and discrimination applies to policy issues in education, same-sex marriage, and health care delivery. Some current policies increase the experience of stigma. We argue that more holistic social policies can recognize the psychosocial factors that contribute to well-being, thereby reducing social inequalities in health.

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Machado, Amanda Viana, Lidyane V. Camelo, Dora Chor, Rosane H. Griep, Joanna M. N. Guimarães, Luana Giatti, and Sandhi Maria Barreto. "Racial inequality, racial discrimination and obesity incidence in adults from the ELSA-Brasil cohort." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 7 (January 8, 2021): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214740.

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BackgroundThis study investigated whether self-reported race/skin colour and perceived racial discrimination predict higher obesity incidence after approximately 4-year follow-up of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We also investigated whether these associations are modified by educational level.MethodsFollowing exclusion of individuals defined as obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at baseline, associations between race/skin colour and obesity incidence between the first (2008–2010) and second (2012–2014) visits were investigated in 10 130 participants. Next, associations between perceived racial discrimination and obesity incidence among black (n=1532) and brown (n=2958) individuals were investigated separately. Racial discrimination (yes/no) was assessed using the Lifetime Major Event Scale. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex and research site were used. All analyses were stratified for educational level.ResultsObesity risk was higher in Blacks with high education compared with white individuals to the same education level (OR: 2.22; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.04) following adjustments. After adjustments, obesity incidence was higher among black individuals reporting racial discrimination compared with peers who did not report this experience, but only among the low education group (OR: 1.64; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.51). No statistical association with perceived discrimination was observed among brown individuals.ConclusionResults are congruent with findings from other studies reporting associations between racial inequality and obesity incidence and also suggest racial discrimination may be one of the mechanisms leading to such inequalities. Also, it supports the paradox theory by which education modify the association in distinct directions.

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Liao, Meizhen, Dianmin Kang, Xiaorun Tao, Jennifer Huang Bouey, Muktar H. Aliyu, Yuesheng Qian, Guoyong Wang, et al. "Alcohol Use, Stigmatizing/Discriminatory Attitudes, and HIV High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/143738.

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Objective. This research was conducted to assess the correlates of alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China.Methods. A cross-sectional survey provided demographics, sexual behaviors, illicit drug use, alcohol consumptions, and service utilization.Results. Of 1,230 participants, 82.8% were single, 85.7% aged <35 years, 47.2% had college or higher education, and 11.7% drank alcohol >3 times per week in the past six months. The average total score of stigmatizing and discriminatory attitude was 37.4 ± 4.4. More frequent episodes of alcohol use were independently associated with higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, unprotected anal sex, bisexual identity, multiple male sex partners, drug use, and lower levels of education. Expressing higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes was independently associated with alcohol use, unprotected male anal sex, bisexuals, more male sex partners, commercial sex with men, and non-receipt of peer education in the past year.Conclusion. HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes are common and associated with alcohol use and unprotected sex among MSM. The finding highlights the needs to develop programs that would reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and strengthen alcohol use prevention and risk reduction initiatives among MSM.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex discrimination in education Victoria'

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