Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration

Academic literature on the topic 'Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration":

1

Gupta, Vanita. "Keynote Remarks." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 21.2 (2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.21.2.keynote.

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In communities across America today, from Ferguson, Missouri, to Flint, Michigan, too many people—especially young people and people of color—live trapped by the weight of poverty and injustice. They suffer the disparate impact of policies driven by, at best, benign neglect, and at worst, deliberate indifference. And they see how discrimination stacks the deck against them. So today, as we discuss the inequality that pervades our criminal justice system—a defining civil rights challenge of the 21st century—we must also acknowledge the broader inequalities we face in other segments of society. Because discrimination in so many areas—from the classroom, to the workforce, to the marketplace—perpetuates the inequality we see in our justice system. And for those already living paycheck-to-paycheck, a single incident—whether an arrest by the police or a fine by the court—can set off a downward spiral. It can lead to a cycle of profound problems that ruin lives and tear apart families. Problems like losing your health care, your job, your children, or your home. As someone who focuses on civil rights work and criminal justice reform, I see these problems every day. But today in America, I also see a country on the cusp of change. Across a wide range of political perspectives, policymakers and advocates have come together to bridge divides and support meaningful criminal justice reform. And I’m proud to say that this administration—and this Department of Justice—has made criminal justice reform a top priority. We believe that our country needs, and deserves, a criminal justice system that more effectively protects our communities, more fairly treats our people, and more prudently spends our resources. And we believe that no matter how deeply rooted and long-standing the injustices that underlie inequality in our criminal justice system—with clear thinking, hard work and collaboration—we can make real progress.
2

Victoria, Ong Argo, M. Aji Luhur Pambudi, and Ratna K. Dewi. "THE RECONSTRUCTION OF INDONESIAN SHIPPING LAW IN THE SEA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR A SUCCESSFUL SEA TOLL PROGRAM AND IMPROVEMENT OF SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 6, no. 2 (September 11, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.23837.

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Indonesia uses Pancasila Democracy as the main foundation as well as a source of law in the nation and state (staatfundamentalnorm). One of the sounds of the 5th principle of Pancasila is, "Social Justice for All Indonesian People" which means fair to fellow human beings, fair to oneself and fair to God (Pancasila Justice Value). The purpose of this justice in particular must cover the growing system of exploitation of authority and ambiguity in the shipping world from the strong to the weak and must also narrow the socio-economic gap in the lives of seafarers, so that prosperity is achieved that reflects that Indonesia deserves to be called a World Maritime Axis Country as in history. Srivijaya & Majapahit. However, the fair principle has not been fully enforced and there is discrimination, especially the application of several articles in Act No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping. This research is a qualitative research with constructivism paradigm and sociological juridical approach. The formulation of the problem in this thesis are; 1) Why is Act No.17 of 2008 concerning Shipping in the Indonesian Sea Transportation System Not Fairly Pancasila?, 2) What are the Weaknesses of Act No.17 of 2008 concerning Shipping that Affects the Suboptimal Sea Transportation System in the Success of the Toll Program Sea and Shipping Administration in Indonesia?, and 3) How to Reconstruct Act No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping in the Sea Transportation System for the Success of the Sea Toll Program and Improvement of Indonesian Shipping Administration based on Pancasila Justice Value? The purpose of writing this thesis is to reconstruct several articles in Act No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping which contain weaknesses in the Sea Transportation System for the Success of the Sea Toll Program and the Improvement of Indonesian Shipping Administration Based on Pancasila Justice Value. The results of this research are that there are several reconstructions of articles, namely Article 28 paragraph (6) in terms of granting ship operating permits held by the Directorate General, Syahbandar and specifically ASDP by the Land Transportation Management Center (BPTD), Article 59 is reconstructed with the addition of revocation of one's authority to become a crew member in the event of a serious criminal offense. Article 61, paragraph (3) is reconstructed with the addition of ship requirements and specifications. Article 151 (1) is reconstructed with the addition of a paragraph that regulates the affirmation of the welfare of seafarers and Article 169 (1) is reconstructed by giving criminal sanctions not only administrative sanctions. It is hoped that with this reconstruction the Sea Transportation system in the Sea Toll Program will be able to improve the Shipping Administration System in Pancasila Justice Value.
3

Chien, Colleen. "America's Paper Prisons: The Second Chance Gap." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.3 (2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.3.america.

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Over the last decade, dozens of states and the federal government have enacted “second chance” reforms that increase the eligibility of individuals arrested, charged, or convicted of crimes to shorten their sentences, clear their criminal records, and/or regain the right to vote. While much fanfare has accompanied the increasing availability of “second chances,” little attention has been paid to their delivery. This study introduces the concept of the “second chance gap,” which it defines as the difference between eligibility and delivery of second chance relief; explores its causes; and approximates its size in connection with several second chance laws and initiatives. Using administrative and other data, it finds that among a host of petition-based second chance opportunities, to shorten sentences, restore one’s vote, and clear one’s criminal convictions, only a small fraction (less than 10 percent) of those eligible for relief actually received it. Extrapolating based on a novel analysis of around sixty thousand criminal histories of persons primarily seeking gig-economy work and of the expungement laws governing nonconvictions of all fifty states applying the nonconviction expungement laws of all fifty states to around sixty thousand criminal histories of persons primarily seeking gig-economy work, this study estimates that at least twenty to thirty million American adults, or 30–40 percent of those with criminal records, fall into the “second chance expungement gap,” living burdened with criminal records that persist despite appearing to partially or fully clearable under existing law. These findings suggest that tens of millions of Americans are stuck in a paper prison, held back by deficiencies in the administration of second chances that have left them incarcerated, disenfranchised, or burdened by convictions beyond what the law requires. Some of the barriers to relief are structural and related to debt, overburdened bureaucracies, and the contested nature of second chance rules that unwind past judgments and policies. But others are harder to see and stem from administrative failures like unworkable standards, missing and incomplete criminal justice information (“dirty data”), a lack of awareness of second chance opportunities, and costly and complex processes. Fixing them—by moving administrative burdens from the defendant and onto the state and algorithms through automation, standardization, and ruthless iteration—can narrow the gap. Leveraging them, “Clean Slate” initiatives to automatically clear eligible criminal records can have the potential to help the millions of Americans in the second chance expungement gap. However, the ability of such second chance initiatives to improve outcomes depends on how they are implemented. Debt-related barriers and dirty data can contribute to incomplete automation, leading to “second second chance gaps.” In the realm of expungement, application of the expungement criteria to minor but not major offenses can also have the effect of exacerbating, not narrowing, existing racial disparities within the population of people with records, while improving them within the general population. Further research is needed to understand the impact of automated clearance under different scenarios, such as when the defendant is not notified of the relief received or there is a risk of statistical discrimination making things worse, not better. Overall, however, though other hurdles may remain, automation can remove the unfair collateral punishments, not steel bars, holding back tens of millions of Americans.
4

Moore, Clive, and Bryan Jamison. "Queensland's Criminal Justice System and Homosexuality, 1860–1954." Queensland Review 14, no. 2 (July 2007): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006589.

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Contemporary Queensland has a flourishing GLBTIQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer) scene which, although still suffering from discrimination in a society that is premised around a heterosexual norm, is a far cry from the years before 1990 when male homosexuality was a criminal offence. The queer generation has largely moved beyond binaries in gender and sexuality, and at dance parties there is a blending of cultures that knows few of the old boundaries. These new freedoms to express sexuality mean that relationships develop more easily with less fear of opprobrium. Classified advertisements in newspapers and on the internet, sex-on-premises venues and cybersex are all available to facilitate physical desires and as ways of meeting a possible future partner. Yet if one were to survey young gay men today, how many would know that between 1900 and 1990 a sodomy conviction could carry a prison sentence of up to 14 years with hard labour? Or that engaging in ‘gross indecency’ in public or private (usually oral sex or masturbation) could receive three years with hard labour? How many would know that the death penalty for sodomy was removed in 1865 or that between that year and 1899 the sentence for anal intercourse was 10 years to life imprisonment?
5

Pereira, Sandra Patrícia Marques, and Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro Correia. "The Sustainability of the Portuguese Prison System: A Criminal Justice System in Masculine Form?" Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10010019.

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Society has undergone an entire evolution in the field of criminal penalties, as people want to avoid, or ideally to extinguish, crime and consequent victimization. However, the human nature would hardly allow such utopian society to prevail. Hence, as individuals, we do have codes and bylaws that govern our society. The number of male prisoners is considerably higher in comparison to female prisoners. The aim of the present research is to analyze the sex inequality in the Portuguese criminal justice system, as well as to discuss the following questions: (i) Are men suffering from unjustifiable discrimination by the criminal system? Or, (ii) are there any physical and psychological differences between both sexes? A quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A legal framework was created regarding penalty enforcement, followed by a review of the literature approaching themes of criminology, victimization, and sex inequality. To enrich and empirically support this research, the statistics provided by the Directorate-General for Justice Policy of the Ministry of Portuguese Justice are presented, and a descriptive analysis on the evolution of the number of inmates in Portuguese prisons and juveniles detained in educational centers, between 2010 and 2019 was performed. Implications of this study are is discussed to highlight mediation in criminal cases as a neutral future.
6

Walliss, John. "Administration of Justice in Victorian Cheshire, 1840-1890: A Quantitative Survey." Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 171, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/transactions.171.5.

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This article presents a quantitative survey of the administration of justice in Cheshire between 1840 and 1890. Drawing on a sample of 33,000 cases from assizes and quarter sessions across the county, it explores broad patterns in committals, prosecutions, and sentencing over the fifty-year period. To this end, the article is structured to follow defendants’ route through the criminal justice process; from committal through prosecution to sentencing. The final section of the article thereafter explores the differing patterns of each as it pertained to the sex of the accused.
7

Nguyen, Duc. "The Development of Four Leading Principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Vietnam´s Juvenile Justice." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 4, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v4i2.1074.

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The paper sheds light on the latest development of four CRC principles in the administration of Vietnam’s juvenile justice after the recent amendment of the Penal Code and Criminal Procedural Code of Vietnam. It also assesses the compatibility of the Vietnamese juvenile justice system compared to international standards elaborated by the CRC Committee. At the same time, certain issues are raised regarding the implementation of such principles in practice. Finally, concluding remarks will be provided together with recommendations on how to develop the juvenile justice system in Vietnam.Keywords: Vietnam’s juvenile justice; Children’s rights; CRC leading principles; juvenile offenders; the rights of the child; non-discrimination; best interests of the child; children’s right to life; survival and development; children’s right to be heard.
8

ALMQVIST, JESSICA. "A Human Rights Appraisal of the Limits to Judicial Independence for International Criminal Justice." Leiden Journal of International Law 28, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156514000557.

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AbstractThe UN Security Council's involvement in the area of international criminal justice raises concerns about judicial independence. Of primary concern in this study is the degree to which this political organ has come to determine and restrict jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals, with the effect of excluding cases involving alleged grave crimes by actors whose presence in situations of which the Council is seized is supported by its permanent members. This control, it will be argued, undermines the basic conditions for a sound administration of justice, as it impedes these tribunals from selecting the cases that may come before them in accordance with respect for human rights and the rule of law. More specifically, restrictions imposed by political organs, leading to unjustified unequal treatment before the law and the courts of perpetrators and victims of grave crime in a given situation, are contrary to principles of equality and non-discrimination. A theory of international judicial independence should therefore extend to a consideration of the legality of such restrictions and acknowledge it as an essential requirement of independence.
9

Friandy, Bob. "ANKSI KEBIRI KIMIA BSAGI PELAKU KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK." Legalite : Jurnal Perundang Undangan dan Hukum Pidana Islam 2, no. II (February 12, 2018): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/legalite.v2iii.354.

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Sexual crime case against children’s in Indonesia are increasing rapidly from time to time. The more tragic fact is that most of the suspect origins from their own kin or around the neighborhood, such as family, school officer, and their playmates sphere. According to Indonesian Child Protection Commision (KPAI), there are 2,275 cases occurred on 2011, 887 amongs them are sexual crime case with violent against children. The protection law towards children vastly consist of criminal law aspect, legal law aspect, material-formal law aspect, state administration law aspect, and of course, the legal law aspect. Sexual abuse against children are criminal case which has been coded in criminal law in Indonesia and also viewed theoritically from Islamic criminal law. Therefore, this Thesis is researching about how are the criminal sex cases againts children viewed from criminal law in Indonesia and Islamic criminal law aspect? And also how is the analysis of Law No. 35/ 2014 (Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014) concerning chemichal castration sanction viewed from Islamic Criminal Law? This research categorized as normative law research which pointing to laws and criminal law principal in Indonesia and also Islamic criminal law. This research using comparative-analysis-descriptive method which describe systematically the fact about cases by comparing the research description. This research compare the Indonesian criminal laws principal and Islamic criminal law principal, criminal law formula and Islamic criminal law formula, and also the rules about the chemichal castration sanction to the convicted sex crime againts children in Indonesian criminal law and Islamic criminal law. This research also analize the law no. 33/2014 concerning the sanction specially on the implementation of the law in society. Exclusive study on the Islamic criminal law theory concerning the goverment step on applying the rule, are also executed. There are two points earn from this reearch; the first one is sex crime against children is special crime case. The sanction of the violation arranged in the law no.35/2014 about child protection. In Islamic criminal law (fiqh jinayah) the chemichal castration sanction againts children is in form of jarimah ta’zir. Secondly, in the law no. 35/ 2014 about child protection consist the criminal law aspect, the urgent application about the law is the penal policy which include the protection for the child as the sex crime victim, law enforcement, and justice. The solution for the victim by using Restorative Justice concern measure and the effect againts children as the sexual crime victim. In non penal policy by the role of the parents, family, society, goverment, and the country, on their obligation to protect the child. Chemichal castration sanction studied in Islamic criminal law to give contribution needed by Islamic Law and inline with the principal of Islamic criminal law, especially to preserve the heredity (hifzu- nasli).
10

Woodall, Denise. "Interrupting Constructions of a Criminalized Other through a Revised Criminal Activities Checklist Classroom Exercise." Teaching Sociology 45, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x16673137.

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A self-report questionnaire about past criminal behavior is presented here as a useful pedagogical tool to demonstrate the invalidity of crime rates, challenge stereotypes about criminals, exemplify policy problems, and personalize the ways in which race, gender, and class operate to disadvantage and advantage people in the administration of justice. Philip Reichel’s 1975 criminal activities checklist exercise, first published in Teaching Sociology, is updated pursuant to the Georgia 2016 criminal code. Additions include new laws around technology use (i.e., sexting, privacy, and piracy laws), substance use (pharmaceuticals and minor alcohol possession), criminalized driving offenses (aggressive driving and DUIs), and sex offenses. I found that most students in my classroom have violated a law. These findings, the findings of others who have administered similar checklists, and growing research suggest that crime commission is more the norm rather than the exception, and this gives instructors great opportunities to challenge student assumptions.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration":

1

Gallagher, Geraldine. "Gender, social enquiry reports, and social work disposals." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3247.

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Throughout the nineties a range of factors, not least the series of suicides at Cornton Vale women's prison, highlighted concerns about how the criminal justice system deals with female offenders in Scotland. There has been a review of community-based disposals and the use of custody for women (Scottish Office, 1998a), an Inspection of Cornton Vale was conducted (HMI, 2001), and a Ministerial Group on Women's Offending was set up (Scottish Executive, 2002a). Despite this concern the numbers of female offenders being sentenced to custody has continued to rise. This study sought to examine the nature of criminal justice social work services delivered to female offenders and the way in which ideological and policy shifts have impacted on it. Differences relating to gender, with regard to both practitioners and clients, within the context of criminal justice social work in Scotland,w ere considered.T his included a consideration of the impact of the policy shift from the "welfare" to the "justice" model. Thirty-five interviews were conducted with criminal justice social work staff and material was drawn from 420 Social Enquiry Reports. The study examined practices and policies which relate to how women are supervised, how these relate to the presentation of information in social enquiry reports, and in turn how this may relate to the final court disposal imposed. A discrepancy between policy and practice was identified in that the latter draws on the "welfare" model more than is endorsed by formal policy. This greater emphasis on the "welfare" model applies to work with female offenders in particular. There were concerns amongst criminal justice social work staff that such a difference in approach might be discriminatory. A new "welfare" model of supervision appears to have been adopted in the supervision of female offenders. This model emphasised the importance of the working relationship, between supervisor and client, within which women offenders should be allowed scope for negotiation. Information on female offenders derived from both interviews with criminal justice staff and the data obtained from SERs is used to review social control theory (Hirschi, 1969), as it exists, as an explanation of female offending. Carlen's study (1988) of female offenders suggested that integral to their involvement in offending was a rejection of the controls to which they are subjected and of their gender roles. By contrast the profile of women offenders as identified in this study suggests that women are offending partly in an endeavour to conform to, or at least cope with, their gender roles. Female offenders were reported as having experienced greater adversity and this appears to havee licited a protective response from social workers. This protection began in women's childhoods and is evident in their treatment as adults. The organisation of community service is considered by female social workers to have an inherent gender bias which renders it less suitable for female offenders. These concerns appear to have foundation in terms of an apparent gender bias in the operation of community service schemes. Female offenders sentenced to community service were more likely to have had their SERs compiled by male SER writers, while female offenders sentenced to probation were more likely to have their SERs compiled by female SER writers. Female social workers specifically appear to adopt a stronger welfare orientation when compiling reports on female offenders apparently motivated by an inclination to protect. This has implications for gender specific allocation of work. The effect is not protection if reports arc undermining community service as a possible alternative to custody for women, as appears to be the case when the SER writer is female.
2

Meyer, Doreen M. (Doreen Mae) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "A prison of their own; the contradictions behind Canada's prison for women." Ottawa, 1992.

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3

Everton, Wilma. "SAPS members' experience of diversity and diversity training within the SAPS." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002482.

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During this study, an attempt was made to explore the opinions and attitudes of members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) towards issues of diversity before, immediately after and three months after participating in diversity training workshops presented by the SAPS Training Division during 1997 in Port Elizabeth. The aim of this thesis was not to assess the diversity training itself, but to discover if the training, as currently presented, in any way influenced the attitudes of participants. In order to meet this goal, literature and empirical studies were conducted. The literature study sets the theoretical foundation pertaining to the history of the SAPS and the attitudes and prejudices of and diversity among SAPS members. During the empirical research phase, a non-probability purposive sampling procedure was adopted. Four of a range of diversity workshops presented by the Training Division of the SAPS during 1997 were selected for the purpose of this study. An internal SAPS process was used to nominate members to attend the workshops. The researcher requested the participants in each of the four workshops to complete a self-administered questionnaire before as well as after the workshop concerned. Immediately after each of the four workshops, a short interview was held with each attendee. To explore the stability of any change evident from responses on the questionnaires completed after the workshops, the attendees were again requested to complete the same questionnaire three months later. To increase the validity of any conclusion that attitudinal change was related to the workshop, a control group was used. This study has revealed that a cross-spectrum of SAPS members of both sexes and diverse racial backgrounds believe that various forms of discrimination exist within the SAPS. It confirmed that the diversity training presented by the SAPS Training Division is a useful instrument to heighten members' awareness of the different norms and customs of other cultural/ethnic groups and of the necessity that the SAPS should be constituted of a cross-spectrum of racial groups reflecting the South African society. Finally, based on the research findings, recommendations were made involving management and its supportive services and diversity training.
4

Petersen, Amanda Mae. "Beyond Black and White| An Examination of Afrocentric Facial Features and Sex in Criminal Sentencing." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1561452.

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Research on race and sentencing is increasingly moving beyond racial category analyses to include more subtle attributes such as skin tone and facial features. In keeping with this progression, this research examines the extent to which convicted offenders' Afrocentric facial features interact with sex in order to create longer criminal sentences for stereotypically Black males and females. A random sample of Black and White males and females currently serving prison sentences in the state of Oregon were selected for inclusion in the study. A preliminary regression analysis was run in order to determine the effect of broad racial category on sentencing length when controlling for offense characteristics, offense history, and extralegal factors. Additionally, photographs of a sample of 110 Black males and 91 Black females were rated for strength of Afrocentric facial features by undergraduate students. These ratings were averaged to create an Afrocentric rating for each Black individual in the sample. Regression analyses were then conducted for Black individuals in order to determine the effect of Afrocentric facial features and sex on sentence length. Results suggested that although broad racial category is not a significant predictor of sentence length, Afrocentric facial features interact with sex to produce longer sentences for Black males, but not Black females, with stronger Afrocentric facial features. Individuals with the fewest Afrocentric facial features were excluded from the analysis in order to limit the potential misperception of racial category by judges. These findings are consistent with current understandings of feature-trait stereotyping, as well as the focal concerns perspective regarding judicial decision-making.

5

Cermak, Bonni. "In the interest of justice : legal narratives of sex, gender, race and rape in twentieth century Los Angeles, 1920-1960 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3164075.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-204). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
6

Ward, Helen. "The "adequacy of their attention": gender-bias & the introductory law course in Australian law schools /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lmw258.pdf.

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Su, Susan Chih-Wen. "Female property crime offenders: Explanations from economic marginalization perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2673.

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This research explores whether women offenders who committed property crimes suffer from feminization of poverty, and social deprivations as asserted by the economic marginalization theory. Social deprivations include being a single parent with dependent children at home, being the main financial supporter of a household and being primary caretaker to minor children.
8

McEwan, Joanne. "Negotiating support : crime and women's networks in London and Middlesex, c. 1730-1820." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0121.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the social and legal dynamics of support as it operated around women charged before the criminal courts in the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century metropolis. It considers the nature and implications of the support made available to, or withheld from, female defendants by individuals to whom they were in some way connected. To this end, it explores the nuances of testimony offered by witnesses and defendants in an attempt to better understand the extent and effect of the support that could be negotiated by and from a range of groups, including family members, fellow household residents, neighbours and wider community members. How narratives were framed in either sympathetic or condemnatory terms was indicative of broader social attitudes and expectations regarding women and crime as well as of women's own relationships to households and neighbourhood. To the extent that this thesis aims to interrogate negotiations of support, it adopts legal narratives as a window through which to gain an insight into the social interactions and mediation of interpersonal relationships by eighteenth-century London women. The printed accounts of trials conducted at the Old Bailey and legal documents from the London and Middlesex Sessions records form the basis of the source material that contributed towards this study. These records provide contemporary narratives in which participants described their involvement in the legal system and articulated their relationships to events and to each other. As a result, they are invaluable for the wealth of qualitative detail they contain. These legal documents have also been complemented by other contemporary sources including newspaper reports and printed pamphlet literature. ... This thesis concludes first that neighbours and fellow household residents were usually in the strongest position to affect the outcome of criminal cases, either by offering assistance or disclosing incriminating information. The importance of household and neighbours rather than kin was closely tied to the domestic context in which many female crimes took place, and the 'insider knowledge' that was gained by living in close proximity to one another. However, if and when women retained links to family and kin who lived within travelling distance, they remained an important source of support. Secondly, the thesis identifies the detection and prosecution of crime as a gendered experience; contemporary social expectations about gender influenced both legal processes and the shaping of witness accounts. Thirdly, in its examination of local responses to female crime, the thesis supports the theory that a notable shift in sentiment towards female nature and legal culpability occurred during this period, which in turn affected the support offered to female defendants. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the paramount importance of witness testimony in articulating the circumstances surrounding female crimes, and the complex negotiations of interpersonal relationships which influenced how this evidence would be contextualised as supportive or not when it was delivered.
9

Lu, Terence Zimin. "And justice for all? : Aversive homoprejudice in criminal justice decisions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19744.pdf.

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Williams, Kadifa. "Black people and criminal justice in England and Wales : a study on bail." [n.p.], 1999. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=181.

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Books on the topic "Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration":

1

Rubin, Paula N. Civil rights and criminal justice: Employment discrimination overview. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1995.

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E, King Douglas, and Winterdyk John, eds. Diversity and justice in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1999.

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J, Lynch Michael, and Patterson E. Britt, eds. Justice with prejudice: Race and criminal justice in America. Guilderland, N.Y: Harrow and Heston, 1996.

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Nair, G. Rajasekharan. Gender justice: Under Indian criminal justice system. Kolkata: Eastern Law House, 2011.

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Axon, Lee. Criminal justice and women: An international survey. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Solicitor General Canada, Ministry Secretariat, 1989.

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Walklate, Sandra. Gender, crime, and criminal justice. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan, 2001.

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Walklate, Sandra. Gender, crime, and criminal justice. 2nd ed. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan Pub., 2004.

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Fawcett Society. Commission on Women and the Criminal Justice System. Women and the criminal justice system: A report of the Fawcett Society's Commission on Women and the Criminal Justice System. London: Fawcett Society, 2004.

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Worrall, Anne. Offending women: Female lawbreakers and the criminal justice system. London: Routledge, 2001.

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Stanesby, Anne. The criminal justice handbook: A guide for women. London: Women's Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration":

1

Perry, Elisabeth Israels. "The Women of the Administration." In After the Vote, 174–213. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199341849.003.0008.

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Many of the city’s women civic and political activists supported La Guardia during his many electoral campaigns. The women he appointed to his administration brought into his government the feminist and social justice ideals they had been espousing since the suffrage and progressive reform movements: an end to sex discrimination, an expansion of measures to benefit human welfare, and the achievement of pay equity and more career opportunities for women. They believed that they would carry out the mayor’s modernizing agendas as well as, if not better than, the men he had appointed as commissioners. This chapter highlights five women who made singular contributions to the success of the La Guardia administration: Rebecca Rankin, Eunice Hunton Carter, Jane Bolin, Elinore Herrick, and Anna Rosenberg.
2

Smith, Julie M. "Algorithms and Bias." In Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 918–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3473-1.ch065.

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Initially, automated decision-making was seen as a corrective to discrimination: no longer would one biased individual be able to allow his or her prejudices to control decisions about employment, housing, banking, or criminal justice. However, this promise has not been fulfilled. Rather, recent experiences with a variety of platforms and services suggests that algorithms may be reproducing—and in some cases, even amplifying—human biases. This chapter will explore the problem of discriminatory bias in algorithms and propose best practices for minimizing the problem.
3

Dewey, Susan, and Tonia St Germain. "Conclusion." In Women of the Street. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479854493.003.0006.

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Our conclusion questions the utility of an alliance between criminal justice and social services professionals that remains dominated by punitive criminal justice paradigms. The alliance’s ideological focus on changing individual women’s decision-making processes translates into practices that punish street-involved women for decisions they make in the context of the pervasive gender, class, and ethno-racial discrimination that limits their life choices. Hence even when street-involved women receive therapeutic social services in the alliance context, more often than not they return to the same socioeconomic conditions that impelled them to work the street in the first place. Street-based sex trading and the illicit drug use it often supports stem from and take place within the context of women’s complex lives in communities struggling with multiple oppressions. The nuances involved in such situations require pragmatic, evidence-based legislative and policy approaches that reflect these complex realities; without these, the system will continue to fail the very women it aims to assist.

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