Academic literature on the topic 'Sex discrimination against women – Germany'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sex discrimination against women – Germany"

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Alessa, Amani Saleh. "Sex Discrimination within Kuwaiti Laws. Part 2." Arab Law Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2010): 225–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302510x504962.

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AbstractThis article focuses on several different issues of discrimination against women. While some such discriminatory issues are based on law, others are in fact based on just a matter of practice. Interestingly enough, some of the sex discrimination issues actually dispute the Shari‘a. One example can be found in education. The Shari‘a encourages education for both sexes while, historically, women have been denied education. The importance of mentioning the Shari‘a here is that, while Kuwait claims that it is an Islamic country and devoted to the Shari‘a, especially when it comes to women, this article proves that it is culture, not the Shari‘a, that represses women.
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Weichselbaumer, Doris. "Multiple Discrimination against Female Immigrants Wearing Headscarves." ILR Review 73, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 600–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919875707.

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Western countries have experienced a large influx of Muslim immigrants, and concomitantly the Muslim headscarf has become the subject of major controversy. Drawing on theories of stigma, social identity, and multiple discrimination/intersectionality, this study examines the effect of wearing this headscarf in the German labor market. The author applies the method of correspondence testing that allows measuring discrimination in a controlled field setting. Findings show that when applying for a job in Germany, women with a Turkish migration background are less likely to be invited for an interview, and the level of discrimination increases substantially if the applicant wears a headscarf. The results suggest that immigrant women who wear a headscarf suffer discrimination based on multiple stigmas related to ethnicity and religion.
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Baker, Lesley. "Sex Discrimination Against Part-Time Workers: The “Biggs” Issues for Women." Feminist Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (May 1998): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03359632.

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Firdaus, Nada, and Yulistiyanti Yulistiyanti. "DISCRIMINATION OF GENDER AGAINST WOMEN IN THE NOVEL KIM JI-YOUNG, BORN 1982 BY CHO NAM-JOO." Dinamika Bahasa dan Budaya 17, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35315/bb.v17i2.9068.

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Sex-based discrimination includes gender discrimination. The fundamental cause of gender discrimination against women is that patriarchal ideology shapes society’s attitudes and behaviors. This study examines how women are treated differently because of their gender in the novel Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982. This study aims to find out the types and impacts of gender discrimination against women in the novel. This study is categorized as qualitative research and uses a feminism approach. The feminism theory presented in Simone de Beauvoir’s book The Second Sex (1949) is used by the researcher to analyze the novel. The researcher discovered two types of gender discrimination in Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982; gender discrimination in domestic spaces and gender discrimination in public spaces. The five different forms of gender discrimination in domestic spaces are; (1) the expectation that women should have male offspring, (2) the favoritism toward sons over daughters, (3) the idea that sons are the ones who ensure the success of the family, (4) woman as a reproducer, and (5) woman as a housewife. The novel also shows three forms of gender discrimination in public spaces; (1) discrimination toward women in school, (2) discrimination toward women in the workplace, and (3) sexual harassment of women. Furthermore, the main character, Kim Ji-Young, experiences gender discrimination against women, and the impacts of the gender discrimination on Kim Ji-Young are feeling inferior and experiencing mental changes. Keywords: gender discrimination, feminism, patriarchy ideology, novel
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Alessa, Amani Saleh. "Sex Discrimination within Kuwaiti Family Law. Part 1." Arab Law Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2010): 119–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302510x497312.

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Family Law in Middle Eastern countries in general and in Kuwait in particular has always been an example of the subordination of women in areas such as marriage, divorce, alimony, and custody. Since Family Law is based on the Shari'a, some jurisprudents claim that it is fair to all women and that claiming otherwise is speaking against the Shari'a. However, this article is meant to get to the root of Family Law articles that show unjust treatment of women. Much of such injustice depends on the opinions of some jurisprudents with no evidence from either the Qur'ān or the Hadīth, while other articles that are rooted in the Qur'ān can be interpreted in different ways that provide a certain degree of justice to women.
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Stork, Florian. "Comments on the Draft of the New German Private Law Anti-Discrimination Act: Implementing Directives 2000/43/EC and 2004/113/EC in German Private Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001378x.

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European Directives impose upon Germany the obligation to incorporate antidiscrimination provisions in its civil law. The anti-discrimination legislation is intended to provide effective civil law remedies against discrimination in everyday life by private persons, e.g. access to housing, restaurants and education. For the purposes of this article, discrimination may generally be defined as any treatment – including a refusal to deal with – by a private party that is less favorable than to another person and is conditioned upon a characteristic such as racial or ethnic origin, sex, etc.
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Briddick, Catherine. "When Does Migration Law Discriminate Against Women?" AJIL Unbound 115 (2021): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.50.

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It is possible to identify gendered disadvantage at almost every point in a migrant woman's journey, physical and legal, from country of origin to country of destination, from admission to naturalization. Rules which explicitly distribute migration opportunities differently on the grounds of sex/gender, such as prohibitions on certain women's emigration, may produce such disadvantage. Women may also, however, be disadvantaged by facially gender-neutral rules. Examples of indirectly disadvantageous provisions include those which classify certain forms of labor as either “low-” or “high-” skilled, using this categorization to distribute migration opportunities differentially. Such rules may disproportionately affect the mostly female workers whose labor in certain fields is considered “low-skilled” in comparison to that undertaken by their predominantly male, “high-skilled” counterparts. Scholars have identified the diverse ways in which states’ immigration and nationality laws continue to involve gendered and racialized exclusion, subordination, and violence. Migration control practices, including those concerned with deterrence, detention, and deportation, have also been impugned on these bases. This essay draws on this literature to examine whether rules that produce gendered disadvantage are open to challenge under the international legal regime charged with eradicating discrimination against women, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
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Sticker, Martin. "The Case against Different-Sex Marriage in Kant." Kantian Review 25, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415420000254.

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AbstractRecently, a number of Kantians have argued that despite Kant’s own disparaging comments about same-sex intercourse and marriage, his ethical and legal philosophy lacks the resources to show that they are impermissible. I go further by arguing that his framework is in fact more open to same-sex than to different-sex marriage. Central is Kant’s claim that marriage requires equality between spouses. Kant himself thought that men and women are not equal, and some of his more insightful remarks on the issue reveal that he was also aware that, as a matter of fact, women were disenfranchised by society, and suffer legal and other forms of discrimination. Kant, according to his own account, cannot approve of heterosexual marriage. Same-sex couples, by contrast, can satisfy the crucial equality condition. I conclude with a suggestion for refocus with respect to the issues at hand, calling for attention to more complex and insidious forms of inequality than deprivation of rights and full civil participation.
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Davies, Gareth. "The Netherlands." European Constitutional Law Review 2, no. 1 (February 2006): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019606001520.

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The court in this case decided that state subsidy to political parties that discriminate against women is prohibited by international treaties, notably the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.This raises a number of issues. Where the discrimination is for religious reasons, does sex equality need to be balanced against religious freedom? Both are usually seen as fundamental rights. What about discrimination against men, in favour of women; is that also against the law? Finally, is the obligation not to discriminate only binding on the state, or also on the party itself? Could such a party be banned from politics? Some of these issues were touched on by the court, although not convincingly, and some of them, such as religious freedom, were scandalously ignored.
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Alkuwari, Buthaina Mohammed. "Human Rights of Women: Intersectionality and the CEDAW." International Review of Law 11, no. 2 (October 2022): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/irl.2022.0229.

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This research aims to track the record of the “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)” since its entry into force in 1981, to review its texts and the cases brought to it, to know how it considered and dealt with intersectional discrimination against women. This paper evaluates if CEDAW has succeeded or failed to protect women from ‘intersectionality’. However, this discrimination describes compound discrimination against women based on sex, gender, identity, religion, belief, race, ethnicity, color, culture, socioeconomic status, age, class, and/ or origin... etc. The importance of this research is since despite a lot of cases of compound discrimination practiced against women around the world, the text of the Convention has not changed, and its committee, which is composed of experts in this field, did not adopt any ideas about the nature of discrimination. To determine the role of intersectionality, the research first focused on the theory of intersectionality in terms of concept and practice. Secondly, it showed how it affects women’s lives with examples from India, Brazil, Canada, Hungary, and others. Finally, it traced the concept of intersectionality, and how the Convention or its committee dealt with it through its general recommendations. The research found that CEDAW has overlooked the concept of intersectionality in its texts, while its committee addressed it in one of its recommendations in 2010 – noting that such recommendations are limited in scope and efficacy – which adversely impacted women’s rights globally. Therefore, the research recommends that the concept of intersectionality should be fully integrated into the text of the Convention, which will be reflected on the state parties by taking special measures that concretely give advantage to women who have been subjected to a history of discrimination.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex discrimination against women – Germany"

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Savery, Lynn. "International norms of sexual non-discrimination and changing state practices : a comparative study of Germany, Spain, Japan, and India." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5776.

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Yau, Kin-man Angela. "Changes in educational and working opportunities for women of China and Japan." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31953335.

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Chwang, Lam-ying Constance. "Working women in Japan and Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13022180.

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Cheung, Wing-kan Simon. "The changing role of women police officers in the Royal Hong Kong Police during the past ten years." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18596514.

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Bundens, Robert William. "The effects of employee gender, performance level, and decision-maker's dogmatism on causal attributions and personnel decisions /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8605247.

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Bougie, Evelyne. "Group processes and the perception of discrimination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64323.pdf.

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Du, Preez Martelizé. "The construction of multiple identites in the display of women as objects of desire and submission /." Link to the onlline version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1014.

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Campbell, Sarah Ann Sparks. "Female infanticide in China and India: a comparative study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29520253.

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Yona, Noxolo Nondwe Trewhellah. "Effects of discrimination on promotion of women into top managerial positions in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57.

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The effects of discrimination on promotion of women into top managerial positions is investigated in this study. In order to investigate these effects, the use of a questionnaire for survey was developed. The questionnaire consisted of thirty-one statements in which a response to each question contributed towards the results of this study. The literature study was used as an eye opener to the South African situation with comparison to other countries. The purpose of the empirical study was to determine the effects of discrimination especially in the Eastern Cape. The answers of the respondents were analysed and interpreted with relation to the findings from the literature study. Concluding remarks are provided which could assist firms in the private sector when faced with the challenge of the advancement of women and the implementation of the Labour policies which endorse the equal opportunity programme.
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Edwards, Larry Guy. "Dimensions of gender discrimination in Oklahoma's system of higher education : case studies /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1989.

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Books on the topic "Sex discrimination against women – Germany"

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Temple, Karen. Discrimination against women on the labour market in Germany today. Aachen: Shaker, 2001.

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Rowold, Katharina. The educated woman: Minds, bodies, and women's higher education in Britain, Germany, and Spain, 1865-1914. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Rowold, Katharina. The educated woman: Minds, bodies, and women's higher education in Britain, Germany, and Spain, 1865-1914. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Motz, Markus, and Ute Klammer. Neue Wege: Gleiche Chancen : Expertisen zum ersten Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung. Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011.

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1952-, Kiltz Elke, Kühn Ruth, and Zander Margherita 1948-, eds. Frauen--Verliererinnen der Rentenreform '92: Anhörung der Grünen im Bundestag vom 26.6.1989 zur Frauenbenachteiligung in der Rente. Bonn: Die Grünen im Bundestag, 1989.

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Marius, Babias, and Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, eds. Marlene Streeruwitz: Bildgirl, Collagen : [anlässlich der Ausstellung "German Angst" vom 20.9. bis 2.11.2008 im Neuen Berliner Kunstverein. Köln: König, 2009.

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Rowold, Katharina. The educated woman: Minds, bodies, and women's higher education in Britain, Germany, and Spain, 1865-1914. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Winter, Sabine. Sexismus in deutschen Nachrichtenmagazinen: Geschlechtsspezifische Darstellungskonventionen in SPIEGEL und FOCUS. Münster: Lit, 2001.

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Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt: Auswirkungen der Arbeitszeitflexibilisierungen zur besseren Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf auf die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Frauen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.

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Women, quotas, and constitutions: A comparative study of affirmative action for women under American, German, EC, and international law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sex discrimination against women – Germany"

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Tai, Eika. "Discrimination against Women." In Comfort Women Activism, 105–30. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528455.003.0005.

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Feminist scholars argue that the licensed prostitution system, a system of sexual slavery created in prewar Japan to complement the patriarchal system, became the basis of the wartime comfort women system. They have begun to examine the comfort women issue in relation to contemporary issues of sexual violence such as adult videos, pointing out that deep-seated sex culture of Japan as a reason for the social resistance against taking responsibility for the issue. Activists in the comfort women movement include those involved in the women’s liberation movement of the early 1970s, in which the comfort women issue was problematized. One such activist, Tanimoto Ayako, criticizes in her narrative the commodification of women, pointing to similarities between survivors of Japan’s military sexual slavery and those of domestic violence in today’s Japan. In their narratives, Nakagawa Kayoko and Yamagata Junko talk about how they have struggled with pervasive gender discrimination in Japanese society from a human rights framework and from a perspective of Christianity, respectively.
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Edwards *, Alice. "Violence Against Women as Sex Discrimination: Judging the Jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies." In Equality and Non-Discrimination under International Law, 389–448. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315094410-17.

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Taylor, Stephen, and Astra Emir. "17. Sex-related characteristics (gender reassignment, marital status, pregnancy, sexual orientation)." In Employment Law, 289–301. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198806752.003.0017.

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This chapter discusses the law on discrimination due to the protected characteristics of gender reassignment, marital status and civil partnership, and pregnancy and maternity. The Sex Discrimination Act as originally drafted only prohibited discrimination on grounds of sex and marital status. However, civil partners are now treated in the same way as married people. Transgender people, who live as someone of the opposite gender, are protected from discrimination. They can also change their birth certificates so that their new gender is reflected there. Pregnant women have a right not to be discriminated against, and this is a free-standing right. People are entitled not to be discriminated against because of their sexual orientation. The prohibition against sex discrimination covers heterosexuals as well as homosexual people.
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Saade, Marta Vides. "Procedural Remedies as Continuing Violations and Therapeutic Jurisprudence as Best Practice to Prevent Workplace Harassment in the United States." In Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Overcoming Violence Against Women, 147–70. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2472-4.ch010.

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The well-being of adversaries and witnesses participating in workplace gender and sex discrimination actions filed under federal and state laws in the United States is generally not considered as important. These actions are typically initiated within the personal workplace where the offending conduct presumably occurred, and proceed in an already tension filled atmosphere. The effect is that the procedure itself becomes an additional violation harming claimants through overt and micro-aggressions. These practices have focused on “rule” not “relational” principles. Conventional law and policy frameworks inadequately address the harms these processes promote. This chapter will move from the limitations of rights-based regulation to a jurisprudence of imperfect obligations and vulnerability, incorporating therapeutic understandings of needs and relationships, as the more inclusive and equitable foundation of institutional practices. It offers “best practices” models in therapeutic jurisprudence as alternatives to resolve workplace conflicts.
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Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh, Valerie Sperling, and Melike Sayoglu. "What Gender Discrimination? Psychological and Sociocultural Barriers." In Courting Gender Justice, 29–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932831.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 examines the barriers that often prevent women from taking even the first step of initiating a domestic court case on discrimination. This chapter investigates the domestic psychological, cultural, and material obstacles to gender discrimination cases in the Russian court system. It discusses the psychological and cultural obstacles to bringing sex-based discrimination cases to Russian courts (such as the popular tendency to regard sex-based discrimination in the public sphere as a natural and justified reflection of sex-role stereotypes, and the desire to solve “personal” problems such as domestic violence privately rather than in the public eye). It discusses the negative views toward feminism in Russia. The chapter covers different types of sex-based discrimination in Russia: employment discrimination and maternity leave, gender discrimination in custody suits, gender discrimination in education, and violence against women as a type of discrimination. The chapter concludes that people who are inclined to activism are the ones most likely to be willing to bring a court case and persist in the legal process.
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Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh, Valerie Sperling, and Melike Sayoglu. "Turkish Gender Discrimination Cases in Domestic and International Courts." In Courting Gender Justice, 175–224. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932831.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 is a comparative inquiry into the international and domestic opportunity structure for gender discrimination court cases. The chapter asks, how generalizable are the barriers and opportunities to bringing sex-based discrimination cases to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) from Russia to other Council of Europe member states? The chapter examines social, interpersonal, and material barriers to bringing gender discrimination and LGBT discrimination cases in Turkey. It looks at types of gender discrimination, including domestic violence and honor killing, as well as violence against members of the LGBT community, such as hate crimes. The chapter includes an in-depth analysis of discrimination cases from Turkey regarding both women and LGBT citizens, and finds that, with a few illuminating exceptions, the barriers in Turkey are similar to those in Russia (these include reluctance to go to court, stereotypical attitudes toward sex-based and LGBT discrimination among law enforcement and in the courts, a lack of statistical data to prove patterns of discrimination, lengthy procedures and unsatisfying court decisions and/or implementation of decisions, and a lack of legal training on discrimination). In addition to discussing important gender discrimination and LGBT discrimination cases in domestic court in Turkey, the chapter covers ECtHR rulings on Turkish cases, as well as the impact of the Convention on Eliminating All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and the Istanbul Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence.
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Mulder, Jule. "Remote Working, Working from Home, and EU Sex Discrimination Law." In Exponential Inequalities, 276–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192872999.003.0015.

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Abstract The chapter discusses how EU sex discrimination law can respond to new work-life arrangements that are emerging due to the worldwide pandemic and put significant emphasis on flexibility and working from home. While flexible remote work arrangements can help carers to organize their work responsibilities around (unpaid) care responsibilities, such working arrangements can also carry significant disadvantages, as workers with care responsibilities have to renegotiate their private arrangements to accommodate work. For example, the creation of reasonable workspaces and time at home may seriously interfere with the way families’ private lives are organized and the absence from the workplace may mean that workers miss out on opportunities for progression and career development. Given that care responsibilities remain gendered across the EU and women are more likely to belong to the poorer parts of society or to be single parents, it is likely that these additional burdens fall on women more significantly than men. Against this background, the chapter considers remote work arrangements in the light of EU non-discrimination law. First, it evaluates how (indirect) sex discrimination law can facilitate access to and enjoyment of this new workplace organization and protect workers from disadvantages associated with them. Specially, it discusses how disadvantages within the private sphere can be considered under the scope of disadvantages recognized under the concept of indirect sex discrimination, as the Court of Justice of the European Union has often separated the public and private sphere. Secondly, it analyses to what degree employers indeed need to accommodate the enjoyment of such work rearrangements.
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Patricia, Schulz, Halperin-Kaddari Ruth, Rudolf Beate, and Freeman Marsha A. "Article 1." In The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and its Optional Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192862815.003.0003.

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This chapter examines Article 1 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). The concept of discrimination is the core of the Convention and runs through its overall scheme and its individual provisions. It requires taking into account gendered power relationships within societies and to identify their negative effects on women. The CEDAW Committee has been sensitive to the many different forms of discrimination against women based on sex and gender and the ways in which they may interact with discrimination based on other categories, something reflected in its consistent engagement with intersectionality and a focus on the need to ensure that the particular circumstances of disadvantaged groups of women are recognized and addressed by States parties. The Article 1 definition is the link that guarantees women protection against discrimination in relation to all human rights, not just those listed in the Convention, and the Committee has developed this to include important areas such as emergencies and humanitarian disasters, climate change, and women, peace, and security within the scope of the Convention. Moreover, the Committee has adopted a dynamic interpretation to respond to new forms and arenas of gender-based discrimination and thus brought within the Convention’s practical coverage discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity.
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"AGAINST THE POLITICS OF SEX DISCRIMINATION: FOR THE POLITICS OF DIFFERENCE AND A WOMEN-WISE APPROACH TO SENTENCING." In Feminist Perspectives on Criminal Law, 101–7. Routledge-Cavendish, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843140412-15.

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Bettinger-López, Caroline. "Developing a National Plan of Action on Violence against Women and Gender Violence." In The Politicization of Safety, 362–78. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805648.003.0015.

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International human rights treaties and monitoring bodies have repeatedly called upon governments to develop national plans of action to eliminate violence against women. Although the U.S. is a global leader in the violence against women arena, it has never developed a national plan of action. The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), despite its substantial contributions, does not contain some of the core features of a national action plan—such as a strategic vision for ending violence against women, or a declaration that violence against women is a human rights violation and a form of sex discrimination, or a set of goals or benchmarks to measure progress. This chapter examines the key elements of national action plans on violence against women, and ultimately argues that in the Trump era, a national action plan can best be developed through coordinated action at the state and local levels.
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