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1
Klimek, Jennifer L. "Sex differences in academic dishonesty : a sex role explanation." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027124.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research on academic dishonesty in colleges and universities has consistently shown unacceptable rates of cheating, yet inconsistent reports of sex differences in cheating. Sex differences in cheating were studied in relation to sex role orientation and attitudes towards cheating, and in light of a distinction between two types of cheating; cheating to benefit oneself and cheating to benefit another. 256 undergraduate students completed anonymous surveys to tap their sex role orientation, attitudes towards cheating, and reported frequency of cheating. Although females reported having more disapproving attitudes towards cheating than males, they reported engaging in cheating just as much as males. Sex role orientation was not directly related to cheating, but female-associated characteristics were related to attitudes towards cheating, which, in turn, were strongly related to cheating behavior. It was also found that participants reported engaging in more cheating to benefit another person than cheating to benefit themselves.Department of Psychological Science
2
Yuen, Wai-wa Timothy. "An inquiry into the need for gender education in the teacher training programme at Hong Kong's colleges of education." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13907001.
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Kuroiwa, Kelly J. "The gender-gap in educational expectations." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236374.
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This study utilizes the 10th-12th-grade panel from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NEIS:88) to examine the gender-gap in educational expectations. The study uses regression analysis to determine whether background, academic, social, and career variables affect educational expectations differently for males and females and whether these differences can explain the gender-gap in educational expectations. Socio-economic status and having professional career aspirations have stronger effects on educational expectations for males. However, no significant sex differences were found in the effects of academic ability and achievement, parents' expectations, or peer engagement on students' educational expectations. The results also indicate that females have higher educational expectations because they have higher academic ability and achievement; parents and peers have higher expectations for them, and they are more likely to have professional career aspirations than their male peers.Department of Sociology
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Clarence, Brian. "The effect of technology-based lessons on primary school students working in mixed and single-gender groupings." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/763.
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This study investigated primary school students working in mixed and single- gender groupings around a computer during technology-based lessons. In particular it observed the patterns of peer interaction that took place when students worked co-operatively in groups in lessons. In so doing, this study attempted to explain the effects of gender of the student and gender composition of the group, on peer interaction in such a situation. The study also focussed on the effect of gender groupings on the motivation of students and children's collaborative behaviours. The subjects for the study were twenty-nine students (sixteen boys and thirteen girls) in year 5/6 with an age range of ten to eleven. These students were randomly assigned to different groups: Male-Gender Croups, Female-Gender Groups and Mixed-Gender Croups. A series of lessons on finding information about endangered animals provided the context. The students were taught to use PowerPoint (Microsoft Office, 1998) to make slides on endangered animals, and Web sites were used as sources of information on endangered animals. This research method adopted was descriptive and analytical and aimed for broad as well as specific understandings. Data that was analysed included data collected through interviews and observations, as well as the quantitative analysis of Peer Interaction Categories (Lee, 1990). The results of the analyses showed whether the students' interactions were primarily task-related, collaborative, and positive or not and whether girls and boys had significantly different experiences across groups of varied gender composition in regard to the specific categories of interaction as well as the total interaction. In conclusion, the findings have led to a number of assertions which potentially can guide primary classroom practice in fostering technology-based learning.
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Watt, Helen M. G. "Gendered achievement-related choices and behaviours in Mathematics and English : the nature and influence of self-, task- and value perceptions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27897.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigates students’ gendered achievement-related choices and
behaviours in mathematics and English, using the Expectancy-Value theory of achievement
motivation developed by Eccles and colleagues, which is the most prominent current model
predicting academic choices in the form of course enrolments. The central social issue
addressed in this thesis is the differential participation in higher-level mathematics by girls
and boys, in both their senior high school years and intended careers. Key questions
investigated are first, to what extent do boys plan to participate in maths to a greater extent
than girls, both in senior high and in their planned careers? Second, what are the predictive
influences of gender, expectancies, values and task demands on maths participation and
achievement-related behaviours? Third, what is the nature and development of boys’ and
girls’ trajectories for expectancy, value and task demand variables from junior through to
senior high school? Fourth, what causal sequencing among expectancy and value constructs
can be discerned? These questions are addressed using longitudinal data from three cohorts in
an overlapping cohort sequential design (11’s: 428, 436, 459). Parallel analyses are conducted
for English to assess domain specificity of findings. These four major questions comprise the
extensive quantitative survey phase of the study. Further questions comprise the intensive
qualitative interview phase, namely: what factors are facilitative of, and detrimental to highability
girls pursuing high levels of mathematics? How are their self-perceptions of talent
derived? And how do students explain greater male participation in maths at school and in the
workplace?
Self—perceptions and values were identified as the most important factors related to gendered
achievement-related choices and behaviours in maths and English, where participation in
maths and English HSC course levels as well as intended maths- and English-related careers
comprised choice outcomes, and performance and self-reported effort exerted comprised
behaviour outcomes. Findings support research within the Expectancy-Value framework,
indicating that students’ maths values are the strongest predictors of mathematics course
enrolment in high school, while success expectations and competence beliefs most strongly
predict mathematics achievement. In English, in contrast to maths, self—perceptions but not
values predicted choice outcomes, while similarly to maths, self-perceptions predicted
performance outcomes. Following identification of key predictors of maths and English
achievement-related outcomes, gender differences favouring boys in maths and girls in
English were identified across many of the self, task and value constructs assessed. Further,
optimal grade levels for intervention were identified through inspection of when changes in
boys’ and girls’ growth trajectories for key Expectancy-Value perceptions occurred through
grades 7 to 11. This was achieved through an overlapping cohort sequential design, enabling
an ‘accelerated’ longitudinal study spanning grades 7 to 11, as well as providing evidence of
replicated effects across cohorts. Directions of relationships between Expectancy—Value self-
perception and values constructs were also clarified through structural equation modelling
techniques using longitudinal data. Directional paths for maths confirmed those proposed in
the Expectancy-Value model for maths, with self-perceptions influencing values, whereas for
English, reciprocal influences occurred between self-perceptions and values.
The qualitative component of the study provided rich insights into the bases for high-
achievinggirls’ disproportionately low talent perceptions, through comparing their responses
with carefully chosen contrast groups. This group of girls is also arguably the group with
whom we should be most interested, being the group for whom both ‘waste of talent’ and
social justice arguments are most strong. The present study provides guidance as to how
interventions may enhance self-perceptions related to maths, and suggests valuable insights as
to how increasingly equal participation of males and females in maths may be achieved.
Findings provide theoretical and measurement contributions for researchers within the
Expectancy-Value framework, as well as implications to educators concerned with enhancing
achievement-related choices and outcomes, particularly for girls in relation to maths.
6
La, Rocca Michela Anita. "Perception of leadership qualities in higher education : impact of professor gender, professor leader style, situation, and participant gender." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000103.
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Blue, Kathleen M. "Does education come in pink or blue? the effect of sex segregation on education /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Blue_KMITthesis2009.pdf.
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Fiore, Angela M. "Gender differences in test anxiety." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2949.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 50 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-34).
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Parker, Joshua C. "Gender differences in the motivation to learn." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Parker_J%20MITthesis%202007.pdf.
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Thiel, Peter Ram Rati. "Gender differences in returns to schooling an international cross-country study /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9603525.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 8, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Rati Ram (chair), Anthony L. Ostrosky, Mark S. Walbert. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65) and abstract. Also available in print.
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MURRAY, ALAN JAMES. "THE RELATION OF LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND GENDER TO JOB SATISFACTION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183842.
Full textAbstract:
Changing demographic characteristics of the American workforce include increased levels of education and increased numbers of females. In 1979, females became a majority in the workforce and in higher education. Little research has been conducted on the impact of education and gender on job satisfaction since these changes have occurred. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in job satisfaction associated with level of education and gender. The data of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 were used to answer the research questions: (1) Were there significant differences among education levels when measured by any of three measures of job satisfaction? and (2) Were there significant differences between males and females on any of the three measures of job satisfaction? Three levels of education were used, these were: high school graduate, two year college graduate, and four-year college graduate were the independent variable for education. Since the literature indicated job level, ability, and socioeconomic status could influence job satisfaction, they were included in the analysis as covariates. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether education, gender or the interaction of these independent variables resulted in significant differences in any of the three measures of job satisfaction. The multivariate analyses indicated that there were significant differences for both level of education and for gender on the job satisfaction variables considered simultaneously. There was no significant interaction between the education and gender variables. Univariate analyses indicated that there were significant differences for both education and gender on the internal job satisfaction measure, but not on the external or overall measures. The Scheffe post hoc test was used to identify which levels of the education variable were responsible for the significant differences found. Two-year college graduates and four-year college graduates were found to be more satisfied with the internal aspects of their jobs than high school graduates. Similarly, males were found to be more satisfied with the internal aspects of their jobs than were females.
12
Garrett, Tana Diane. "Sex role as a factor in high school girls' choice of advanced in mathematics courses and mathematically related careers /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1992. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9219888.
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Marino, Carmen Dolores. "Sex and ethnic differences in mathematics in a well integrated population /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9225968.
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Hall, Tracy Lynn Pfeifer. "Nurse Focused Cultural Competency Education for Patients with Differences of Sex Development." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn161944517472267.
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Glasser, Howard M. "Single-sex middle school science classrooms separate but equal? /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Educational Psychology and Educational Technology, 2008.Dissertation committee: John P. Smith III, Angela Calabrese Barton, Kristen Renn, Julia Grant, and David Sadker--From acknowledgments. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-284). Also issued in print.
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Gobby, Brad. "Captured becomings: an assemblage of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and bodies in the boys' education debate." Thesis, Gobby, Brad (2006) Captured becomings: an assemblage of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and bodies in the boys' education debate. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the current influence of conservative political, social and economic forces in structuring the perspectives of five pre-service teachers on the education of boys. I argue that these perspectives are constituted by a conservative assemblage of essentialist discourses of sexuality and neoliberal capitalism and these largely extend the indomitable power of conservative forces increasingly shaping social relations inside and outside the field of education.
The interviews reveal that conservative discourses of sexual difference dominate the perspectives on boys and their schooling and this reliance on essentialist notions of sexuality effectively gives rise to a conflicting roles discourse that informs a recuperative masculinity politics and feminist backlash. I argue the social transformation effected by neoliberal economics is largely silenced when discussing boys and education and this allows participants to largely 'blame' feminism for the transformation of labour markets, work patterns, family relationships and gendered subjectivities, silencing its powerful influence. I contend personal insecurity and anxiety generated by neoliberal economic transformation have proliferated conservative discourses of sexuality, producing a defence of rigid sexual boundaries that proscribe the potential of male and female bodies by capturing their 'becoming', and to this extent I argue that conservative discourses of sexual difference are coextensive with the aims of neoliberal capitalism. However, rather than position men as victims, I argue the conservative assemblage including the boys' debate make available diverse ways for many individuals to experience their body powerfully, with the attributes and capacities of hegemonic masculinity being proliferated. The boys' debate is one resource for producing powerful subjectivities while extending the territory of the conservative assemblage increasingly constituting our world.
Methodologically this is a qualitative inquiry that utilizes discourse analysis extensively informed by poststructural theories of knowledge, power and the subject. I also make connections with the work of Deleuze and Guattari and the theories of corporeal feminism, including a theory of the body as a machinic assemblage in order to interrogate the conservative territorialisation of subjectivity and social relations. Finally, I argue the need to consider the alignment of discourses of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and the body in order to create a future beyond the limits currently defined by our culture.
17
Gobby, Brad. "Captured becomings : an assemblage of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and bodies in the boys' education debate /." Gobby, Brad (2006) Captured becomings: an assemblage of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and bodies in the boys' education debate. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/41/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the current influence of conservative political, social and economic forces in structuring the perspectives of five pre-service teachers on the education of boys. I argue that these perspectives are constituted by a conservative assemblage of essentialist discourses of sexuality and neoliberal capitalism and these largely extend the indomitable power of conservative forces increasingly shaping social relations inside and outside the field of education.
The interviews reveal that conservative discourses of sexual difference dominate the perspectives on boys and their schooling and this reliance on essentialist notions of sexuality effectively gives rise to a conflicting roles discourse that informs a recuperative masculinity politics and feminist backlash. I argue the social transformation effected by neoliberal economics is largely silenced when discussing boys and education and this allows participants to largely 'blame' feminism for the transformation of labour markets, work patterns, family relationships and gendered subjectivities, silencing its powerful influence. I contend personal insecurity and anxiety generated by neoliberal economic transformation have proliferated conservative discourses of sexuality, producing a defence of rigid sexual boundaries that proscribe the potential of male and female bodies by capturing their 'becoming', and to this extent I argue that conservative discourses of sexual difference are coextensive with the aims of neoliberal capitalism. However, rather than position men as victims, I argue the conservative assemblage including the boys' debate make available diverse ways for many individuals to experience their body powerfully, with the attributes and capacities of hegemonic masculinity being proliferated. The boys' debate is one resource for producing powerful subjectivities while extending the territory of the conservative assemblage increasingly constituting our world.
Methodologically this is a qualitative inquiry that utilizes discourse analysis extensively informed by poststructural theories of knowledge, power and the subject. I also make connections with the work of Deleuze and Guattari and the theories of corporeal feminism, including a theory of the body as a machinic assemblage in order to interrogate the conservative territorialisation of subjectivity and social relations. Finally, I argue the need to consider the alignment of discourses of sexual difference, neoliberal capitalism and the body in order to create a future beyond the limits currently defined by our culture.
18
Cyr, Desiree. "Single sex classrooms, how boys and girls learn differently a guidebook for elementary teachers /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/DCyr2007.pdf.
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Ruseffendi, Endang T. "A comparison of participation in mathematics of male and female students in the transition from junior to senior high school in West Java - Indonesia /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266362337377.
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Yuen, Wai-wa Timothy, and 阮衛華. "An inquiry into the need for gender education in the teacher training programme at Hong Kong's colleges of education." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957638.
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Brooker, Nichole R. "Techniques for addressing gender cognitive differences in the elementary classroom." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:162.
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Barth, Emily R. "Single-gender instruction and its effect on academic achievement in the middle grades /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/barthe/emilybarth.html.
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McCrary, Michael. "Social ties, capital, and labor market position : what explains sex differences in self-employment? /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950658544759.
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Pavela, Gregory. "Education differences in elevated blood glucose do they vary by race, ethnicity and sex? /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025059.
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Rockley, Danielle N. I. "Contextually driven messages about gender : an ethnographic study on messages concerning traditional gender behaviors within work, education, romantic relationships, friendships, and exercise." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/823.
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This thesis focuses on messages concerning gender that are communicated within contemporary U.S. society. Research consisted of twelve ethnographic interviews with students between the ages of nineteen and twenty-seven from the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. Society is ever changing and individuals learn rules and either comply, resist or try to change traditional gender behaviors. The social contexts in which an interaction takes places are where many messages concerning gender behavior are communicated. The five areas that this study researched include: work, education, romantic relationships, friendships, and exercise/sports. Work and education are contexts in which progress has occurred; women have the freedom to apply to jobs and schools of their choice. However, some jobs and majors are still male-dominated (i.e. math, science, and engineering majors). There was the most compliance with traditional gender behaviors in romantic relationships, friendships, and in exercise/sports.
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Andrews, Karen Anne Hope. "Normative indications for Xhosa-speaking unskilled workers on the trail making test and the stroop test." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002435.
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The aim of the study was to produce preliminary normative indications for the Trail Making Test and the Stroop Test, administered in English, on a non-clinical sample of black, Xhosa-speaking, unskilled individuals (N = 33), with an educational level of 11 – 12 years, in two age categories (18 –29 and 30 – 40 years). The sample was equally distributed for gender and level of education. Participants, who were required to have a basic proficiency in English, were from traditionally black township schools with relatively disadvantaged quality of education. Within-sample age and gender effects were investigated. There were no significant age effects on the Trail Making Test, whereas there was one significant difference between age groups on the Stroop Test with respect to the Color-Word task, and a result that strongly approached significance on the Word task, with the younger group performing better than the older group. There were no significant gender effects on the Trail Making Test, whereas there was one significant difference between genders on the Stroop Test with respect to the Word task, and a result that approached significance on the Color task, with females performing better than males. Normative indications for both measures were compared to available normative data on western populations with higher levels and more advantaged quality of education. This comparison revealed consistently poorer performances for both the Trail Making Test and the Stroop Test, confirming the need for localised normative datasets to facilitate accurate neuropsychological diagnoses on culturally disadvantaged individuals.
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Reilly, David. "Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities and Educational Outcomes: Examining the Contribution of Sex-Role Identification." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/386315.
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Sex differences in cognitive ability have been documented in psychological
research for over a century, and the research area has seen considerable changes in
theoretical perspectives and methodology. While males and females do not differ in
general intelligence, an extensive body of literature documents sex differences in more
specific cognitive tasks (for reviews see Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 2000; Maccoby &
Jacklin, 1974). Males on average perform at a higher level on tasks that rely on visualspatial
ability, and this has been linked to later gender gaps in quantitative abilities such
as mathematics and science and to the underrepresentation of women in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)-related fields. Females as a group do
better at tasks involving verbal and language abilities which have been linked to wide
gender gaps in reading and writing, as well as the underrepresentation of men in postsecondary
education. Some researchers have argued that sex differences in cognitive
ability are declining in response to social changes in the roles and status of women, but
methodological limitations and use of convenience samples have limited previous
enquiries seeking to test that hypothesis.
The aim of this course of research was twofold. Firstly, using the statistical
technique of meta-analysis to examine the evidence for sex differences in visual-spatial,
verbal and quantitative abilities, and - given the passage of time - whether they were
declining in response to changes in the roles of men and women in society. This was
addressed through a series of studies that examined: i) nationally representative samples
of student testing data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
in the United States, ii) cross-cultural samples of student testing data from the
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Secondly, to determine the
contribution of sex-typed personality traits and behaviours (collectively referred to as
sex-role identity) to the development of individual differences in visual-spatial and
verbal ability.
This goal was addressed through a sequence of three experimental studies.
Empirical study 1 sought to provide the most comprehensive assessment of the sex-role
mediation hypothesis conducted to-date, by examining performance across a range of
visual-spatial and verbal ability tasks. Subjects high in masculinity performed better on
visual-spatial tasks, while subjects high in femininity performed better on verbal
SEX AND SEX-ROLE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITIES iii
language tasks. Mediation analysis showed that sex-role identification acted as a
mediator of the sex difference in cognitive tasks.
Having found evidence for sex-role differences, Empirical Study 2 sought to
test whether the observed sex-role differences reflected latent ability, or alternately the
role of stereotype threat and task labelling on performance. The way in which a person
appraises the testing situation (and the types of skills a task may require) can work hand
in hand with sex-role conformity pressures to increase or to decrease task performance.
Finally, Empirical Study 3 sought to address a limitation in the existing
theoretical models for sex differences in cognitive ability, namely that males and
females show different patterns of self-estimation of intellectual ability (termed the
male-hubris female-humility problem). Study 3 examined the contribution of sex-role
identity to self-estimated intelligence, as well as the accuracy of personal judgements of
ability by administering the Cattel’s Culture Fair Test of Intelligence. Results showed
that the degree of masculine identification predicted self-estimated intelligence scores.
A large body of research has shown that self-appraisal of intellectual abilities and selfefficacy
beliefs guide the selection of coursework in secondary and tertiary education
and form an important component of career decision-making. This may explain to some
degree gender-specific differences in certain fields of STEM.
Collectively, the results of these studies are used to refine existing
psychobiosocial models of sex differences in cognitive abilities, to explain both the
differences between males and females but also within-sex variability. It suggests
masculine and feminine sex-role identification is an important individual differences
factor to consider, and that these shape intellectual self-image and self-efficacy beliefs.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Lau, Sai-chong. "Gender differences in using ICT in junior secondary design & technology." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40040331.
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Poldma, Tiiu Vaikla. "Gender, design and education : the politics of voice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0026/MQ50557.pdf.
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Chan, Anita Kit-wa. "Making gender : schools, families and young girls in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17538518.
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Howse, Rose M. "An examination of sex differences in attitude, ability and interest." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/233.
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Olivier, Patricia Joan. "Gender equity in mathematics education : the Namibian situation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51772.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gender inequity in mathematics performance is a global phenomenon. In both the developed and the developing world, females perform more poorly in mathematics than males at senior secondary school level. In Namibia, the situation is no exception. Examination results for the past few years have shown that males outperform females in mathematics at senior secondary school level. This has resulted in more males taking mathematics as a major subject at tertiary level, with the consequence that they subsequently find better jobs than females. For the purpose of this study, a literature research was done to investigate the factors that might influence the mathematics performance of females and males. The search did not show any significant biological differences between males and females that could explain the differences in performance. Several other factors were, however, identified to playa role in how females perform in mathematics. The factors identified were: interest in mathematics, a person's self-concept, mathematics anxiety, attitude towards mathematics, gender stereotyping, and the roles of the family and teachers. These factors were tested in the Namibian situation by means of a questionnaire that was given to Grade 12 students who do mathematics and it was found that: 1. males and females' attitudes towards mathematics differ significantly. Males seem to have a much more positive attitude towards mathematics; 2. Females experience mathematics anxiety at a higher level than males; 3. Gender stereotyping influences the mathematics performance of females more negatively than males' performance; Family members' influence contributes significantly to the poorer performance of females; 5. Interest in mathematics seems to be higher in males than in females; 6. Teacher influence does not seem to play a significant role in the mathematics performance of males and females. (This is in contrast with the results of the literature review.); and 7. There is no difference in the self-concept of Namibian males and females. To help make mathematics more appealing to girls, the first step is to recognise the disparities. Each person in a girl's circle of family, teachers, community and friends can begin, even before she reaches primary school, to hold high expectations of her and praise her performance. Sophisticated technology is increasingly significant to our nation's economic, political and social health. Almost every element of society - in fields as diverse as music, sports and agriculture - is being touched by technology. To prepare them for.these jobs, we must present science, engineering and mathematics as non-intimidating subjects to every student, so that they will feel encouraged to gain the skills and knowledge necessary for technical careers. As we increasingly become part of the global economy, we must engage the intellectual potential of all our young people.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslagsongelykheid in wiskunde prestasies is a globale verskynsel. Daar is bevind dat meisies swakker doen as seuns in wiskunde in die senior sekondere skoolfase in beide die ontwikkelende sowel as die ontwikkelde lande. Namibia is geen uitsondering nie. Eksamenuitslae van die afgelope paar jare het gewys dat seuns baie beter vaar as meisies in wiskunde, spesifiek in die senior sekondere skoolfase. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat meer seuns wiskunde neem as hoofvak na skool en dat hulle gevolglik beter werksgeleenthede as meisies kry. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is 'n Literatuurstudie gedoen om uit te vind watter faktore beinvloed die wiskunde prestasies van studente. Die literatuurstudie het geen noemenswaardige biologiese verskille tussen seuns en meisies uitgewys wat moontlik die verskil in prestasies kan verklaar nie. Verskeie ander faktore is egter geidentifiseer wat beslis 'n rol speel in wiskunde prestasies van meisies. Die faktore wat geidentifiseer was, is: belangstelling in wiskunde, 'n persoon se selfbeeld, wiskunde angs, 'n persoon se houding teenoor wiskunde, geslags stereotipes, die rol van die familie en onderwysers. Bogenoemde faktore is getoets in die Namibiese situasie by wyse van 'n vraelys wat uitgegee is vir graad 12 leerlinge wat wiskunde doen. Die resultate wat verkry is, is as volg: 1. Daar is 'n groot verskil tussen seuns en meisies se houding teenoor wiskunde. Dit wil voorkom as seuns se houding meer positief is as die van meisies; 2. Meisies ondervind wiskunde angs in 'n groter mate as seuns; 3. Geslagstereotipes het 'n negatiewe invloed op die wiskunde prestasies van meisies; 4. Familielede se invloed speel 'n groot rol in die swakker prestasies van meisies; 5. Seuns stel meer belang in wiskunde as meisies; 6. Dit blyk asof die invloed van onderwysers nie 'n noemenswaardige rol speel in die wiskunde prestasies van studente nie; Dit is teenstrydig met die bevindinge in die literatuurstudie. 7. Daar is geen verskil in die selfbeeld van meisies en seuns nie. Die eerste stap om wiskunde meer aantreklik vir meisies te maak, is om die dispariteit tussen seuns en meisies te erken. Elke persoon wat op enige manier met meisies in aanraking kom, hetsy familie, onderwysers, gemeenskap of vriende kan, selfs voorskool al, begin om hoë verwagtinge van hulle te koester en hulle te prys vir goeie prestasies. Gesofistikeerde tegnologie raak al hoe meer belangrik vir ons nasie se ekonomiese, politiese en sosiale welslae. Bykans elke sektor in ons gemeenskap, so divers soos musiek, sport en landbou, word geraak deur tegnologie. Die wetenskappe, ingenieurswese en wiskunde moet dus, sonder intimidasie, aan elke student aangebied word, om hulle sodoende aan te moedig om die nodige vaardighede te ontwikkel vir tegnies beroepe. Ons moet al ons jongmense se intellektuele potensiaal ten volle benut om in lyn te kom met die wereld ekonomie.
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Ibegbulam, Elizabeth E. "The under-representation of women in IT : a participatory research approach assessment of 14-year olds' perceptions of IT/ICT as a school subject and possible future career." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/64760/.
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In Year 9, when boys and girls are expected to make choices regarding what they want to become when they grow up, many take a crucial decision to drop or side-line IT as an academic subject, which in turn steers them away from a possible future IT career. This thesis examines the reasons why IT careers are not well-imagined or popular amongst teenagers at this critical time of their lives. Taking the widely acknowledged ‘women in IT' problem as a starting point, it focuses specifically on gender differences that exist in relation to how teenagers form their ideas about IT as an academic subject, as a possible career and in everyday life. 79 boys and 85 girls participated in this study from a mixture of 12 state-maintained and nine independent secondary schools (single-sex and co-educational) in Southeast London Borough. This research was exploratory and used an age-appropriate, participatory and mixed-methods framework incorporating: a questionnaire, a creativity map exercise, group and individual interviews, mini-focus groups, and observations. During the interviews, students were also provided with information and opportunities regarding IT careers. I argue this has been of benefit to the students as well as the research, as it has prompted them to think about a career they previously had not even considered. The findings of my study indicate boys were more likely than girls to say that they liked and enjoyed IT/ICT1 as a subject and would consider IT as a career choice for the future. Evidence throughout the study does not suggest girls lack confidence with regard to their general engagement with and use of technology, compared to the boys. Rather, the findings suggest more needs to be done in the area of role models, mentors and careers advice to inform more girls (and boys) about IT careers. The thesis concludes with recommendations for further research, especially in light of the new computing curriculum, which commenced in September 2014.
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Almofadda, Omar A. "Age and sex differences in spontaneous self-concept in Saudi Arabia : \"preadolescents, adolescents and youth adults\" /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825075993.
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Lee, Alison. "Gender and geography: literacy pedagogy and curriculum politics." Thesis, Lee, Alison (1992) Gender and geography: literacy pedagogy and curriculum politics. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/149/.
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This thesis is an investigation into processes of gendered subject production in literate practices in school settings. Focusing on student writing in geography, the study explores gender differences in written texts with a view to asking what is differently at stake for girls and for boys in 'becoming literate' in school geography.
The study is an ethnographic case study of a geography classroom, focusing in particular on contexts for the production of two texts which are subject to close textual analysis. Drawing on a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives: curriculum studies, linguistics and feminist theory, the thesis argue that classrooms are sites of multiple and competing discourses. Student texts are oriented discursively and generically in different ways. These orientations both reflect and produce wider discursive alignments within the discipline of geography and elsewhere. The thesis investigates the politics of these differences.
Part I builds a detailed account of the Year 11 geography classroom as a set of curriculum contexts within which students' literate practices are located. Readings are produced of the official curriculum resources, focusing in particular on the syllabus and the classroom textbook material. The spoken language dynamics of the classroom are investigated in terms of the materiality of processes of speaker positioning along gender lines in the production and negotiation of geographical meanings.
Part II produces detailed readings of two student essays: one by a girl, one by a boy. Differences between the two are investigated, drawing links between the texts and the discursive contexts of their production and reception. The argument is made that the two texts enact a significant gender difference in and through different geographies.
Part III discusses the consequences of the thesis findings for contemporary debates about literacy pedagogy. This includes a critique of one dominant framework within which the notion of 'critical literacy' is being engaged: that of educational linguistics. Finally, the argument is made that existing accounts of 'subject-specific literacy' need to be expanded to engage two senses of the word 'subject': both the specificity and multiplicity of the discourses of subject-disciplines and the concomitant production of different human subject positions through textual practice. To investigate the implications of this, theories of literacy pedagogy, it is argued, need to engage more substantially with available theories of the subject, such as feminist theories, while at the same time engaging sophisticated analytics for the exposure of the material workings of discursive practices in school-literate productions.
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Lee, Alison. "Gender and geography : literacy pedagogy and curriculum politics /." Lee, Alison (1992) Gender and geography: literacy pedagogy and curriculum politics. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/149/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation into processes of gendered subject production in literate practices in school settings. Focusing on student writing in geography, the study explores gender differences in written texts with a view to asking what is differently at stake for girls and for boys in 'becoming literate' in school geography.
The study is an ethnographic case study of a geography classroom, focusing in particular on contexts for the production of two texts which are subject to close textual analysis. Drawing on a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives: curriculum studies, linguistics and feminist theory, the thesis argue that classrooms are sites of multiple and competing discourses. Student texts are oriented discursively and generically in different ways. These orientations both reflect and produce wider discursive alignments within the discipline of geography and elsewhere. The thesis investigates the politics of these differences.
Part I builds a detailed account of the Year 11 geography classroom as a set of curriculum contexts within which students' literate practices are located. Readings are produced of the official curriculum resources, focusing in particular on the syllabus and the classroom textbook material. The spoken language dynamics of the classroom are investigated in terms of the materiality of processes of speaker positioning along gender lines in the production and negotiation of geographical meanings.
Part II produces detailed readings of two student essays: one by a girl, one by a boy. Differences between the two are investigated, drawing links between the texts and the discursive contexts of their production and reception. The argument is made that the two texts enact a significant gender difference in and through different geographies.
Part III discusses the consequences of the thesis findings for contemporary debates about literacy pedagogy. This includes a critique of one dominant framework within which the notion of 'critical literacy' is being engaged: that of educational linguistics. Finally, the argument is made that existing accounts of 'subject-specific literacy' need to be expanded to engage two senses of the word 'subject': both the specificity and multiplicity of the discourses of subject-disciplines and the concomitant production of different human subject positions through textual practice. To investigate the implications of this, theories of literacy pedagogy, it is argued, need to engage more substantially with available theories of the subject, such as feminist theories, while at the same time engaging sophisticated analytics for the exposure of the material workings of discursive practices in school-literate productions.
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Dunnington, Jason. "Learning gender at church." Available from ProQuest, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.drew.edu/pqdweb?index=0&sid=3&srchmode=2&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=10355&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1633768391&scaling=FULL&ts=1263916678&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1263916689&clientId=10355.
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Patsch, Pamela Gail. "Developmental and sex differences in children's styles of responding to success and failure in achievement situations /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245902315.
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Luk, Miu. "Exploring teachers' understanding and practice of gender equity case study of a kindergarten in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35501467.
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Van, Alstyne Audrey May. "Computers in the home curriculum project : an atttitude and gender study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31215.
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Computers are a valuable tool for education. Studies have proven that the computer can assist in the development of a positive self-concept and a positive attitude toward school. Computers can increase student-teacher interaction and achievement by individualizing the learning process. The research clearly documents the dominance of males in the computer field. Home economics educators have the ability to assist individuals and families in using this tool to their best advantage.
This research study included 224 students at Sir Charles Tupper School in Vancouver, B.C. The students were thirteen or fourteen years of age and in grade nine or ten. The study was conducted between September 1989 and February 1990.
The purpose of this study was to determine if the integration of computers into home economics can encourage attitude changes and promote equitable computer use between male and female students. This study will test the assertion of previous research that indicates females are less interested in computers and less likely to use computers than males. Can females do as well as males and males as well as females when given the opportunity to study personally relevant material under the supervision of a female role model?
Of the 224 students in the study, 185 were in the control group and 39 were in the treatment group. The treatment involved participation in the new course, Computers in the Home. This course studies the impact of computers on family life, and explores personal and home computer applications. The survey was designed
to assess student attitudes toward the computer and how they may have changed as a result of the course. Student responses to the survey were analyzed using SPSS-X and Chi-Square analyses were performed to determine any significant differences.
During the period of study, the enrollment patterns in both Computer Science and Computers in the Home refute the majority of research in that more females than males were enrolled in these computer classes. It was expected and postulated that students enrolled in Computers in the Home would have been exposed to a different experience than those not enrolled. Unfortunately, there was no significant difference between the attitudes of the students enrolled in the course and students not enrolled in Computers in the Home.
Although empirical observation throughout the study period lead the researcher to believe there were differences, statistical analysis of the survey responses did not support this observation. Males overtly displayed their enjoyment—they were more adventurous, aggressive and curious. Female students were quieter and tended to be more covert toward this machine. Since no difference in attitude was found, this research study has shown that females are as interested and use computers as often as male students at Sir Charles Tupper School. Although females react differently toward computers, the general trend appears to be moving toward more equitable computer experiences for all.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Hofmann, Renate. "Geschlechtergerecht denken und leben lernen : religionspädagogische Impulse /." Münster : Lit, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010271416&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Augsburg, Universität, veränd. Thesis (doctoral), 2001 entitled: Hofmann, Renate: Geschlechtergerechte Sozialisation im Religionsunterricht.Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-200) and indexes.
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Herrick, Laura Kathryn. "Same-sex schooling versus co-educational schooling and their effects on achievement, assessment and gender bias." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Herrick_LMITthesis2009.pdf.
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REUTER, Johanna Luise. "Why sisters are better than brothers : the effect of sibling gender on attitudes and other essays in gender and education economics." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74272.
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Defence date: 24 February 2022Examining Board : Prof. Michèle Belot (Cornell University); Prof. Andrea Ichino (EUI); Prof. Almudena Sevilla (UCL); Prof. Arnaud Chevalier (Royal Holloway University of London)
This thesis is composed of three independent essays in applied microeconomics. The first contributes to the field of gender and family economics and analyzes the effect of the gender of the second-born sibling on first-born individuals’ attitudes. The second chapter speaks to the health economics literature, evaluating the unitended consequences of a liberalization of the morning after pill. The topic of the final chapter lies within the economics of education, proposing a way to differentiate between degrees depending on the type of higher education institution. Even though the three chapters seem separate, all of them share my interest in gender and education economics, as well as causal estimation. In Chapter 1, joint with Martin Habets, we analyze the causal effect of sibling gender on attitudes and preferences. Comparing first-born women with a next-born sister to first-born women with a next-born brother allows us to estimate the causal effect of sibling gender. In particular, we find that a next-born sister leads first-born women to have less stereotypically female preferences in education. We also explore how the gender of the next-born sibling influences parental involvement. Our findings indicate that parents are more involved in the education of their first-born daughter if their next-born sibling is also a girl. These results shed light on how sibling gender influences preferences and attitudes, specifically those for education choices that are gender role conforming. To further explore the role of sibling gender in shaping attitudes, we have designed an online survey – currently in progress – to measure gender roles more precisely. In Capter 2, I analyze the causal effects of liberalizing access to emergency hormonal contraception (EHC), also known as the morning after pill, on young adults’ reproductive behavior in England. The liberalization, which changed the prescription status from “on doctor’s prescription only” to “available without prescription in pharmacies", created easier and more timely access to EHC for all women aged 16 years or older. In a theoretical model of individual behavior I find that EHC, which can be seen as i insurance against pregnancies, acts both as a substitute for regular contraception, as well as a substitute for abortions. This creates the need for analyzing the issue empirically since overall effects on outcomes such as births and abortions are unclear. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I find that easier access to EHC increases births only among 20-24 year olds. I find no effects on abortions or sexually transmitted infections. Chapter 3, attempts to differentiate the degree attainment in the UK by type of higher education institutions. Historically higher education in the UK has been shaped by a dual system: elite universities on the one hand and polytechnics and other higher education institutions on the other. Despite the formal equivalence of both degrees, the two institution types faced different financing, target populations, admission procedures and subjects taught. Nevertheless, in survey data they are often indistinguishable. We overcome this problem using a multiple imputation technique in the UKHLS and BHPS data sets. We examine the validity of inference based on imputed values using Monte Carlo simulations. We also verify that the imputed values are consistent with university graduation rates computed using the universe of undergraduate students in the UK.
-- 1 Why Sisters are Better than Brothers - The Effect of Sibling Gender on Attitudes -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Literature -- 1.2.1 Review of the mechanisms behind sibling gender effects -- 1.3 Identification and Estimation Strategy -- 1.4 Data and Sampl -- 1.4.1 Next Steps Data -- 1.4.2 British Cohort Study -- 1.5 Results -- 1.5.1 Results from the Next Steps Data -- 1.5.2 Results British Cohort Study -- 1.6 Survey -- 1.6.1 Survey Questions -- 1.6.2 Survey Regression Specification -- 1.6.3 Survey Index Construction and Technical Details -- 1.7 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Appendix 1.A Appendix -- 1.A.1 Summary Statistics -- 1.A.2 Balance Tests -- 1.A.3 Results Next Steps Data -- 1.A.4 Results British Cohort Study -- 2 Liberalizing the Morning After Pill - Effects on Young Women -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Literature Review -- 2.3 Emergency Hormonal Contraception -- 2.4 The Model -- 2.4.1 Solution of the Model -- 2.4.2 Comparative Statics: The Reform -- 2.5 Data -- 2.6 Empirical Strategy -- 2.7 First Stage -- 2.8 Estimation Results -- 2.8.1 Randomization Inference -- 2.9 Robustness Checks --2.9.1 Common Trends: Leads in Main Regression -- 2.9.2 Serial Correlation -- 2.10 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Multiple Imputation of University Degree Attainment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Institutional background -- 3.3 Data -- 3.3.1 Degree attainment in the BHPS and the UKHLS -- 3.4 Multiple imputation -- 3.4.1 Missing data mechanism -- 3.4.2 Imputation model -- 3.4.3 Evaluation -- 3.5 Results and discussion -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References
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Luhmann, Susanne E. "Im/proper subjects? an inquiry into social differences as knowledge and pedagogy in women's studies /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66357.pdf.
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Yucedag, Arfe. "Wage differences between male and female teachers in Turkey /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Frick, Susan. "Strategies to enhance achievement for boys." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/SFrick2006.pdf.
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Keamy, Ron Leslie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Performing masculinity and leadership: Male academics' work practices and identities." Deakin University. School of Social and Cultural Studies in Education, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060915.115203.
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In this thesis, a folio comprising a major dissertation and three elective tasks, issues including masculinity(ies), identities, leadership and academics work practices are considered against a backdrop of change in the higher education sector. Narrative research methods are applied throughout the folio.
The first elective, a discussion and commentary arising from an interview with an experienced practitioner in gender education, amounts to a feasibility study for the dissertation, whereas the second elective experiments with the use of computer mediated communication as a means of interviewing a small number of male academics about their inclusive teaching practices. Primarily curiosity-driven research, the conclusion is drawn that computer mediated communication, if used at all, ought provide a complementary, not primary means of data collection. The third elective conveys the life story of an Asian-Australian academic who expresses different masculinities according to the social settings in which he finds himself. The conclusion is made that there is neither a single colored masculinity nor a single working class masculinity. The milieux of race and class need to be considered together.
The research described in the major dissertation was undertaken with a group of eleven male academics from a number of rural and metropolitan universities men who were thought by their colleagues and peers to practice collaborative approaches to leadership. Whereas the majority of the men practised what could be described as transformational approaches to leadership, a small number exploited the process of collaboration mainly for their own protection. Very few of the men engaged in discourses of gender. One of the principal conclusions reached in the paper is that there are ramifications for future leadership training that universities offer so that it becomes more relevant and socially inclusive. Another main conclusion relates to the intimidation reported by some of the men in the study, and that there are implications for universities in the way they protect their employees from such incidents. A third significant conclusion is that there is some way to go before gender is integrated into the discourse of male academics. Until this can occur, limited opportunities exist for alliances to be formed between most male academics and feminist academics for the advancement of socially just workplaces.
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Lau, Wing-fat. "Exploring the relationships among gender, learning style, mental model, and programming performance implications for learning and teaching of computer programming /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633945.
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Zhang, Mo. "Gender related differential item functioning in mathematics tests a meta-analysis /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/m_zhang_072109.pdf.
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Shaw, Dara Gay. "Cross-cultural gender dynamics in classroom interaction the adult ESOL classroom /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1811.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 401, 2 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-275).